欧洲文化入3

《欧洲文化入门》复习（三）

1.欧洲文化的两个要素（Greco－Roman，Judeo－Christian）怎样相互作用，以及说明为什么基督教会对欧洲文化产生影响。它给欧洲丰富多彩的文化带来的影响的例子。

相互作用：Some thoughts and credendum of Judeo－Christian are from Greco－Roman Greco-Roman Views:• Citizens should participate in government by voting, debating in public, making laws, serving on juries, and holding office. There should be written law. The development of democracy was supported by Judeo-Christian ideas 为什么：Emperor Theodosius made Christianity the official religion of the empire and outlawed all other religious. Christianity changed

from an object of oppression to a weapon in the hands of the ruling class.

影响：1 In the philosophy，it laid a modern Western tradition of philosophical thinking.

2 It brought inspiration of art to the artists. Example: Da Vinci Last

Supper

3 In the literature, many works of literature are hymns and dramas

described Saints. Example: Spain Epic Cantar de Mio Cid Example: Heraclitus (about 540 BC to 480 BC) thought the primitive thing is the "fire", which according to the law of non-stop movement and change. He

also pointed out the fire and movement of all things change and the

inevitability of the law. Thales (about 625 BC to 547 years) inherited

Heraclitus and thought that the "water" is "all things primitive" and

that the world is a living thing, "All things are full of spirits."

2.罗马、哥特式、巴洛克（225页）建筑风格三者的特点以及区别Architecture style in Middle Age. (P126)

Predominantly religious；characterized by massiveness；solidity and monumentality with an overall blocky appearance.Sculpture and painting, primarily in churches；Plan cross, imbued with symbolism and allegory. Rib roof

Outgrowth of Romanesque, but different aesthetic and philosophical spirit; Gothic cathedras soared high, arches and tower reaching heavenward; Decorated with strained glass windows and sculptures more lifelike. Lancet；Rib；Flying buttress；Rose window；Turret / pinnacle

1. Flowery.Baroque Art serves the upper-class and aristocries, so it seeks for the luxury.

2. Romantic. Renaissance art stresses reasonable, calmness and harmony, but Baroque

stresses sensible, fantasy and tries to break its calmness and harmonies.

3. Passionate. Baroque art works are full of strong emotions colour and the author’s inner

feeling, such as sad, joy, secret, frightened and so on. The outer is exciting, the inner is stirring.

4. Sense of Movement.Because Baroque Art is full of passionate, its form stresses the

moving. Moving is the spirit and soul of the Baroque Art.

5. Spacial 。Art works in the Renaissance are plane, but Baroque stresses space and light.