翻译漫谈

With considerable justification,
environmental groups accuse the Administration of “destroying environmental laws by failing to enforce them or by enforcing them in ways that deliberately encourage non-compliance.” 某些环境保护组织批评政府“不执行环境法， 或者名为执行，实际上却在蓄意纵容犯法”。 这种批评是很有道理的。
五、英语多被动，汉语多主动
An illustration is furnished by an editorial
in the Washington post. 《华盛顿邮报》的一篇社论提供了一个例证 Yet, what I say here will not be long remembered. 不过，我在这里所讲的话，人们是不会长久地 记住的
六、英语多复合句,汉语多简单句
As we lived near the road, we often had the traveler or stranger visit us to taste our gooseberry wine, for which we had great reputation, and I confess, with the veracity of an historian, that I never knew one of them to find fault with it.
形合（hypotaxis）:句中的词语或分句之间需
要一种语言形式如连词，或关联词连接起来， 表达一定的语法和逻辑意义； 意合（parataxis）句中的词语或分句之间不 用语言学上手段进行连接，句中的语法意义 或逻辑关系通过词语或分句的含义来表达。
二、英语前重心,汉语后重心
英语从小到大，从特殊到一般，从个体到整体，重 心一般放在句前。
英汉语言比较

英语重形合,汉语重意合 英语前重心,汉语后重心 英语静态,汉语动态 英语多物称,汉语多人称 英语多被动，汉语多主动 英语多复合句,汉语多简单句 英语重前饰,汉语多后饰 英语重时态,汉语轻时态
一、英语重形合,汉语重意合
形合与意合主要指句与句之间起连接作用的 成分是否保留的问题. If I had known it would come to this, I would have acted differently. (早知如此，何必当初?) It was quite late when we got back, nearly seven o’clock in the evening. (我们到家已经很晚,快晚上七点了.)
英汉翻译漫谈---问题与策略
翻译的定义
Translation may be defined as follows:
the replacement of textual material in one language by equivalent textual material in another language. Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. (Eugene A. Nida)
reference
1. 这么多非洲人在忍饥挨饿，而一些政客却陶醉
在世界表面上的富足之中。这真实荒唐。
1. 雷德太太一家人从我第一次住在她们家里
开始，就一直对我很关切。我们既是邻居， 又是相识多年的老朋友，来往始终未断。 2. 从山顶远眺,这儿风景绝佳,遐迩闻名.
翻译技巧:词类转换(1)
名词转换成动词: 1.My admiration for him grew more. 2.They taught us the value of a dollar, took us to church, made us mind. 3. To some extent it gets into the question of the chicken or the egg.
Tragedies can be written in literature since there is
tragedy in life. One problem in trying to discuss my reporting is its sheer volume. 生活中既然有悲剧，文学作品就可以写些悲剧。 我的报告篇幅特别长，若要讨论我的报告，这就 成 了一个问题。
翻译技巧:主语的确定
1.The opportunities are provided for the rise of Red political power in small areas. 2.Nightfall found him many mile short of his appointed preaching place. 3.The delight of the children at the sight of some dish on the table showed that it was a rarity.
火箭已经用来探索宇宙。
以身作则不是影响人的主要方法而是影响人
的唯一方法。 双方已经达成默契，同意在解释条约中的字 眼的时候可以各作各的解释。
Exercise The sight and sound of our jet planes filled
me with special longing. They taught us the value of a dollar, took us to church, made us mind. Ford didn’t complain about his press reviews. While no one questioned his word, he was never a financial success.
Rockets have found application for the
exploration of the universe. Examples is not the main thing in influencing others. There has been a tacit agreement to agree to disagree on the interpretation of the wording of the treaty.
八、英语重时态,汉语轻时态
Your eyes were unlided, your ears were
unstopped, to some part of the beauty and the strangeness of the world. 对于世界上某些美丽和新奇的事物，你的被 蒙住的眼睛现在睁开了，你的被塞住的耳朵 现在开启了．
我们就住在路边。过路人或外乡人常到我们家，尝尝 我们家酿的酸果酒。这种酒很有名气。我敢说，尝 过的人，从没有挑剔过。我这话像历史学家的话那 样可靠。
七、英语重后饰,汉语多前饰
It is a good plan to imagine an
argument with a person having a different bias. 想象与一个有不同想法的人辩论，这是一 个很好的计划。 The diagnosis seems in every case to correspond exactly with all the sensation that I have ever felt. 每次看病的诊断似乎都与我的感觉完全相
The people of a small country can certainly defeat aggression by a big country, if only they dare to rise in struggle, dare to take up arms and grasp in their own hands the destiny of their own country. (小国人民敢于起来斗争，敢于拿起武器，掌 握自己国家的命运，就一定能战胜大国的侵 略。)
看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见它那隆隆的声
音，令我心神往之。 他们教导我们要珍惜每一块钱，带我们去做 礼拜，还叫我们要主意自己的言行举止。 报纸批评福特，而福特却无怨言。 尽管他有威信，他却始终没有发财。
动词—名词
Formality has always characterized their
四、英语多物称,汉语多人称

Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh. (这位曾经给全世界带来笑声的人自己却饱 尝辛酸。) The seclusion in which they had kept themselves so long, had cut them off from a knowledge of the relation between the nations. (他们与世事隔绝日久，对于国际间错综复 杂的关系已经一无所知。 )
reference
1.小地方的红色政权得以乘时产生。 2.夜幕降临时，他离他预定的布道地点还有好 几英里路呢。 3.孩子们看到某一道菜时就眉开眼笑，由此可 以推想到他们是难得吃这样一道菜的。
翻译技巧:句序的处理