考博英语语法重点总结(3)
考博英语语法之过去分词与形容词的差别
考博英语语法总结过去分词与形容词的语义差：1.Destructive:causing damage to people or thingsthe destructive power of modern weaponsDamaged：being in a bad stateemotionally damaged children2.Respected:admired by many because of achievementsHe’s one of the most respected managers in the game.Respectful：feeling or showing respectThey listened in respectful silence.3. Preferred ：Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides.Preferable： A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby.Preferential：Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment.4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights.Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative.5.Loving：She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother.Lovable： a sweet lovable childLovely：We had a lovely holiday.6. Tolerated：While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone.Tolerant：trees that are tolerant of salt sea windsTolerable：All in all，it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford.虚拟语气非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-通用考博英语考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：100
2022年考研考博-考博英语-通用考博英语考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Youngsters who drink and smoke, and are often absent from school are far more likely to be （） from school.问题1选项A.inducedB.disobeyedC.expelledD.forbidden【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。
选项A, B, D都不能与介词from搭配应用。
be expelled from school意为被学校开除, 符合句意。
句意：酗酒、吸烟、经常旷课的青少年更有可能被学校开除。
2.单选题At the press conference, the Prime Minister（）the government’s refusal to compromise with terrorists.问题1选项A.rectifiedB.recitedC.rekindledD.reiterated【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。
rectify“调整，矫正”；recite “背诵，叙述”；rekindle “复燃”；reiterate “重申，重复”。
句意：在记者招待会上，首相重申了政府拒绝向恐怖分子妥协这一申明。
选项D符合题意。
3.单选题Why be（）about that old coat? There’s no point in keeping it just because you were wearing it when you first met me.问题1选项A.sensitiveB.sensibleC.sentimentalD.sensational【答案】C【解析】be sentimental about sth.为固定搭配，意为“对....很伤感”。
4.单选题The aim of the president’s speech was to convince still reluctant countries of the great necessity of imposing sanctions against the countries that（）terrorists.问题1选项A.kidnappedB.harassedC.heckledD.harbored【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。
考博英语重点语法：后置定语
考博英语重点语法：后置定语一.介词短语作后置定语，如the bird in the tree(树上的小鸟)，the standard of living(生活水平)，the way to the hotel(去旅馆的路)，the life in the future(未来的生活)。
二.不定式短语作后置定语，用来修饰限定其前的名词或名词性短语。
分为以下三类：1. 在某些名词结构中可用动词不定式作后置定语。
I have a lot of homework to do.He is the first to finish the task.There are a lot of things to do.2. 在某些抽象名词后可用动词不定式作后置定语，具体说明抽象名词的内容。
常见名词有ability, anxiety, attempt, decision, chance, courage, right, determination, promise, ambition, effort, drive, eagerness, failure, inclination, intention, movement, need, opportunity, plan, reason, struggle, time, way, wish等。
例句：He has the ability to do the work.I don’t have the courage to tell you the secret.3. 动词不定式有时可替代一个定语从句，与其前修饰的名词是主动关系，在时态上含有将来的含义。
例如：Perhaps in the years to come(=that will come),we will meet again.In the lectures to follow(=that will follow), she talked about her trip to China.三、分词短语作后置定语。
2024中科院考博英语
2024中科院考博英语英文回答：The 2024 CAS Doctoral Admissions English Exam is a highly competitive examination that evaluates students' academic abilities in English. To succeed in the exam, applicants should possess strong reading, writing, and analytical skills in the English language. The exam typically consists of five sections:Reading Comprehension: This section tests the ability to understand and interpret written English texts. Candidates may be asked to read passages and answer questions about the main idea, supporting details, and the author's purpose.Vocabulary and Usage: This section assesses the depth and accuracy of vocabulary and usage. Candidates may be asked to complete sentences with the correct word, identify the correct form of a word, or select the best definitionfor a particular word.Grammar: This section covers the essential grammar concepts and rules of English. Candidates may be asked to identify grammatical errors, rewrite sentences with the correct grammar, or answer questions about specific grammatical structures.Writing: This section requires candidates to write an essay or letter that demonstrates their writing skills. Candidates may be asked to argue a point of view, respond to a prompt, or summarize a given text.Oral Interview: This section involves a face-to-face or online interview conducted in English. Candidates may be asked to discuss their research interests, academic background, and other relevant topics.To prepare for the exam, applicants should familiarize themselves with the exam format and content, practice reading and writing in English, and seek guidance from experienced English teachers or tutors. With consistenteffort and preparation, candidates can increase their chances of success in the 2024 CAS Doctoral Admissions English Exam.中文回答：2024 年中科院考博英语考试是一项竞争激烈的考试，旨在评估学生在英语方面的学术能力。
考博士英语试题及答案
考博士英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共40分）1. 阅读下列短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题。
（每题2分，共10分）[短文内容略](1) What is the main idea of the passage?(2) What does the author suggest about the future of technology?(3) Why are some people hesitant to adopt new technologies?(4) What is the role of education in technological advancement?(5) How can individuals contribute to the development of technology?2. 阅读以下文章，然后根据文章内容选择最佳答案。
（每题2分，共10分）[文章内容略](1) A(2) B(3) C(4) D(5) E3. 阅读以下文章，并根据文章内容回答问题。
（每题3分，共20分） [文章内容略](1) What is the primary purpose of the article?(2) How does the author describe the impact of globalization?(3) What are some of the challenges faced by developing countries?(4) What solutions does the author propose to address the issues?(5) What is the author's conclusion regarding the futureof globalization?二、词汇与语法（共30分）1. 根据句子意思，选择正确的词汇填空。
考博英语词汇精讲
考博英语词汇精讲考博英语词汇精讲主讲: 马振旗加强⼤纲词汇的记忆，不同场合的搭配，深度词义的记忆，提⾼语法知识，做真题，⽆⾮就是考三点：近似词、近义词和词组词汇解题思路：1）提炼主⼲；2）搭配关系；3）句⼦结构；4）词汇辨析；5）⼀词多义1）提炼主⼲A）化繁为简，分清结构B）分析成分，确定词性C）理顺逻辑，辨析词义After his uncle died, the young man ______ the beautiful estate with which he changed from a poor man to a wealthy noble.A. inhabitedB. inheritedC. inhibitedD.interested2）搭配关系A）背词不搭配，受累⼜⽩费。
（深度记词，活学活⽤）B）全句谓语是中⼼，前思后想看动宾I _____ a lot of knowledge from my trip to Africa.A. learnB. studyC. obtainD. achieve1. Blue, yellow and red are _____ colors.A. criticalB. essentialC. primary（原⾊）D. necessary2. All All her hard work ______ in the end, and she finally passed the exam.A. showed off 显耀B. paid offC. left off离开D. kept off阻⽌3. The opportunity to explore and play and the encouragement to do so can _____ the performance of many children.A. withholdB. preventC. enhanceD. justify3）句⼦结构A）简单B）并列a) 同义b) 递进c) 反义In 1991, while（尽管） the economies of industrialized countries met an economic ______, the economies of developing countries were growing very fast.A. revival复苏B. repression压迫C. recession衰退D. recovery恢复C）复合(状语从句)a) 时间b) 地点c) 条件d) ⽐较e) 让步f) ⽅式g) 原因h) ⽬的i) 结果I don’t think you’ll change his mind; once he’s decided onsomething, he tends to ______ it.A. stick toB. give upC. comply with符合D. put off4）词汇辨析（考试主要部分）1）近义It is estimated that, currently, about 50,000 species become ______ every year.A. extinct灭绝B. instinct直接C. distinct区分D. intense剧烈2）近似（仔细⽐较词性、⽤法、搭配）We aim to ensure that all candidates are treated fairly and that they have equal ______ to employment opportunities.A. entrance进⼊B. entry进⼊C. access进⼊D. admission允许进⼊3）词组Tom placed the bank notes, _____ the change and receipt, back in the drawer.A. more than⽽不是B. but for要不是C. thanks to由于，归功于D.along with与。
学位英语知识点复习资料
学位英语知识点复习资料
学位英语是为了提供高等教育教师、硕士生和博士生使用的一种英语教材，是一种为追求学位的非英语专业毕业生学习英语的一门课程。
以下是一些学位英语的知识点复习资料：
1. 语法知识：学位英语中的语法知识点包括时态、语态、句子结构、从句、名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句等。
2. 词汇知识：学位英语中的词汇知识包括常用词汇、近义词、反义词、词组、派生词等。
3. 阅读技巧：学位英语中的阅读理解部分是考察考生对英文文章的理解能力，需要学会提取关键信息、推理和理解作者的意图等。
4. 写作技巧：学位英语中的写作部分是考察考生的写作能力，需要学会如何构思和组织文章结构，使用合适的语言表达自己的观点或看法。
5. 听力技巧：学位英语中的听力部分是考察考生对英语听力材料的理解能力，需要学会听取关键信息、推理和理解对话或演讲的意思等。
6. 口语技巧：学位英语中的口语部分是考察考生的口语表达能力，需要学会如何用流利的口语表达自己的观点或看法，以及如何回答问题或进行对话。
7. 翻译技巧：学位英语中的翻译部分是考察考生的翻译能力，需要学会如何准确地把中文表达转化为英文表达。
以上是学位英语的一些常见知识点复习资料，希望对你有帮助。
医学考博英语试题及答案
医学考博英语试题及答案一、词汇与语法（共20分，每题1分）1. The new drug is reported to be effective in treating_______.A. hypertensionB. hypotensionC. hyperactivityD. hypoactivity答案：A2. The patient's condition has been stable since the _______ of the medication.A. administrationB. admissionC. communicationD. commutation答案：A3. The doctor advised the patient to avoid _______ foods.A. allergenicB. allergicC. allergenD. allergy答案：A4. The _______ of the surgery was successful, but thepatient's recovery was slow.A. executionB. implementationC. performanceD. operation答案：D5. The _______ of the disease is influenced by genetic factors.A. progressionB. regressionC. transmissionD. transition答案：A二、阅读理解（共30分，每篇5分）Passage 1Recent studies have shown that a balanced diet can significantly reduce the risk of heart disease. Experts recommend consuming a variety of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. It is also important to limit the intake of salt, sugar, and saturated fats.5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of a balanced dietB. The role of fruits and vegetables in heart healthC. The dangers of salt, sugar, and saturated fatsD. The benefits of lean proteins and healthy fats答案：A6. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT recommended for heart health?A. Consuming a variety of fruits and vegetablesB. Eating whole grainsC. Limiting the intake of salt and sugarD. Eating large amounts of saturated fats答案：DPassage 2The use of electronic health records (EHRs) has increased significantly in recent years. EHRs provide a comprehensive view of a patient's medical history, which can improve the quality of care. However, the implementation of EHRs also presents challenges, such as ensuring data privacy and security.7. What is the main advantage of EHRs mentioned in the passage?A. They provide a complete medical historyB. They improve patient-doctor communicationC. They reduce medical errorsD. They lower healthcare costs答案：A8. What challenge is associated with the use of EHRs?A. Ensuring data privacy and securityB. Training medical staff to use the systemC. Maintaining the hardware for the systemD. Complying with legal regulations答案：A三、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）In recent years, telemedicine has become increasingly popular as a means of providing medical care to patients in remoteareas. This approach allows doctors to consult with patients via video conference, 9. which can save both time and money. Telemedicine can also 10. provide access to specialized care that may not be available locally.9. A. therebyB. moreoverC. howeverD. otherwise答案：A10. A. potentiallyB. actuallyC. certainlyD. occasionally答案：A四、翻译（共30分，每题15分）将下列句子从英文翻译成中文。
北大教育学院教育管理(教育博士)考博真题参考书复习资料考试内容考试重点-育明考博
北京大学教育学院教育管理（教育博士）考博指导-育明考博一、2016年考博英语复习资料推荐（育明教育考博分校课程辅导中心）2.1关于考博英语资料虽然说北京大学自己命题，但是考试的难度和题型是非常中规中矩的，和其他学校没有什么大的区别，其实各个学校的考博英语都没有多大的区别。
为什么每一个学校都不公布考博英语的真题呢？很大一个原因就是存在互相抄袭的情况，有的都到了让人叹为观止的地步。
英语这门学科和专业课的准备方法很不相同，英语必须要有实力，我们提倡“高能高分，高分高能”，实力是最重要的。
但是不是让大家漫无目的的学，准备考博英语是有方法的，我们聘请了研究考博英语的专家北外英语系系主任夏岩教授作为考博英语课题组长，在研究各个学校的考题的基础上，发现了各个学校出题很有共性，在此基础上夏教授牵头编写了一套资料，包括词汇、完型、翻译、作文、语法等九部分，凡是用过的同学无不受益匪浅。
其中《考博英语真题解析》这本书已经由河北工业大学出版社正式出版了，这本书是夏岩教授精心挑选的引用率最高的学校的试题，大家务必好好做做，考试的时候说不定就有惊喜。
2.2关于考博英语资料《2016年考博英语复习资料》由育明考博的英语辅导专家组共同编写。
该套资料针对考博英语的题型、考察重点、出题形式、出题范围，并结合了具有代表性的各大院校考博英语试题命题组老师的著作、上课课件以及英语等级考试试题，从而可以在短期内有效地提升广大考生的英语应试能力。
（资料可以邮寄）全套资料目录：（一）、2016版《考博英语真题解析》，育明考博编著河北大学出版社出版，北外教授夏岩主编，育明考博资料中心共同编著。
包含全国20多所具有代表性的院校考博英语真题集最为详尽的答案解析、作文模板，是广大考博人必备的考博英语复习资料。
（二）、考博英语各专项复习资料1.词汇备考资料：（1）考博英语词汇讲义及真题举例（2）博士研究生英语考试大纲重点词汇（3）考博英语高频词汇、短语汇总（4）全国重点院校博士英语词汇真题精选（5）英语教授讲座稿件（考博英语词汇）2.完形填空备考资料：（1）考博英语完形填空讲义及指导练习（2）考博英语完形填空基础夯实练习3.阅读理解备考资料：（1）考博英语阅读理解讲义及指导练习（2）考博英语阅读理解精选精练精讲（中级）（3）考博英语阅读理解精选精练精讲（高级）4.翻译备考资料：（1）考博英语翻译讲义及指导练习（2）考博英语翻译重要方法分析（3）考博英语翻译常见单词和词组的正确处理方式（4）考博英语翻译精讲与强化（5）考博英语翻译致胜押题20篇5.写作备考资料：（1）考博英语写作讲义及指导练习（2）育明老师考博英语作文评分等级点评参考（3）考博英语写作各部分优秀参考公式（4）考博英语优秀范文精选（5）育明优秀学员作文笔记精选及写作模板（6）2015考博英语作文押题35篇（三）、精选考博英语命题可参照院校的考博真题及解析1.北京大学考博英语真题解析（一套）2.清华大学考博英语真题解析（一套）3.复旦大学考博英语真题解析（一套）4.中科院考博英语真题解析（一套）5.厦门大学考博英语真题解析（一套）6.同济大学考博英语真题解析（一套）7.武汉大学考博英语真题解析（一套）（四）、2016年考博英语名师押题及解析（共3套）二、北京大学教育博士考博专业课参考书教育管理综合：1.《现代教育学基础》，（日）筑波大学教育学会编，钟启泉译，上海教育出版社20032.《教育哲学》，张楚廷著，教育科学出版社，20063.《高等教育理念》，（英）罗纳德.巴尼特著，蓝劲松主译，北京大学出版社，20124.《教育政策研究基础》，陈学飞主编，人民教育出版社，20115.《大学运行模式》，[美]伯恩鲍姆，别敦荣译，中国海洋大学出版社，20036.《高等教育运行机制研究》，闵维方主编，人民教育出版社，20027.《高等教育系统》，[美]伯顿·克拉克，杭州大学出版社，1994育明教育考博课程部陈老师解析：1、参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何初步将参考书中的知识内容对应到答题中，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。
北京外国语大学英语国家语言研究考博参考书目导师笔记重点
二、初试考试内容
学科、专 业名称
研究方向
研究领域
外国语
蓝纯
1-2
初试考试科目
专业科目一
专业科目二
050201 英语语言
文学
英语国家语言 研究
（001 英语学 院）
认知语言学
二外(俄语、法
语、德语、日 语、西班牙语
普通语言学
认知语言学/认知诗学
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ任选一种）
三、部分科目参考书目
研究方向
参考书目
20 世纪加拿大女 性小说研究（英语 学院耿力平教授）
wwwyumingeducom考博分校考博考试信息辅导课程可咨询育明教育考博分校北京外国语大学英语国家语言研究考博参考书目导师笔记重点一专业的设置导师及招生计划学科专业名称研究方向研究领域指导教师招生人数050201英语语言文英语国家语言研究001英语学院认知语言学12二初试考试内容学科专业名称研究方向研究领域初试考试科目外国语专业科目一专业科目二050201英语语言文学英语国家语言研究001英语学认知语言学二外俄语法语德语日语西班牙语任选一种普通语言学认知语言学认知诗学三部分科目参考书目研究方向参考书目20世纪加拿大女性小说研究英语学院耿力平教授wjkeith加拿大英语文学史北京大学出版社20092northropfryebushgarden
of Minnesota Press, 1997. 4、 Robert J. C. Young. Postcolonialism: An Historical Introduction. Oxford:
Blackwell Publishers, 2001. 5、 Jonathan Culler. On Deconstruction: Theory and Criticism after Structuralism.
2011年考博英语复习(有答案)
2011通用考博完型、改错、语法课程讲义第一章：概况第三章：完形填空专项练习1、Passage 3(1)(2)(3) (2004清华大学)For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and they do not make the voyage for the 61 of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel 62 to go to bed and pleased when the journey 63 . On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed 64 earlier than usual. When I 65 my cabin, I was surprised 66 that I was to havea companion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy. I had expected 67 but there was a suitcase 68 mine in the opposite corner. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like. Soon afterwards he came in. He was the sort of man you might meet 69 ，except that he was wearing 70 good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not 71 whoever he was and did not say 72 As I had expected, he did not talk to me either but went to bed immediately.I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night. I felt cold but covered 73 as well as I could and tries to go back to sleep. Then I realized that a 74 was coming from the window opposite.I thought perhaps I had forgotten 75 the door, so I got up 76 the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite. I crossed the room and 77 the moon shone through it on to the other bed. 78 there. It took me a minute or two to 79 the door myself. I realized that my companion 80 through the window into the sea.61．A. reason B．motive C．cause D．sake 62．A. tired enough B．enough tired C．enough tiring D．enough tiring 63．A. is achieved B．finish C．is over D．is in the end64．A. quite B．rather C．fairly D．somehow 65．A. arrived in B．reached to C．arrived to D．reached at66．A. for seeing B．that I saw C．at seeing D．to see 67．A. being lonely B．to be lonely C．being alone D．to be alone 68．A. like B．as C．similar than D．the same that69．A. in each place B．for all parts C．somewhere D．anywhere 70．A. a so B．so C．such a D．such 71．A. treat together well B．pass together wellC．get on well together D．go by well together72．A. him a single word B．him not one wordC．a single word to him D．not one word to him73．A. up me B．up myself C．up to myself D．myselfup74．A. draft B．voice C．air D．sound75．A. to close B．closing C．to have to close D．forclosing76．A. to shut B．for shutting C．in shutting D．butshut77．A. while doing like that B．as I did like thatC．as I did so D．at doing so78．A. It was no one B．There was no oneC．It was anyone D．There was anyone79．A. remind to lock B．remember to lockC．remind locking D．remember locking80．A. had to jump B．was to have jumpedC．must have jumped D．could be jumped4、定语从句（1）1. The professor and her achievement ___ you told me about are admired by us allA. whoB. whichC. thatD. whom5. This is the best book ___ on the subject.A. which there isB. that there isC. which isD. what is2. I don’t suppose anything happens ___ he doesn’t foresee.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. as5、定语从句练习 Unit1（1）15. This is the shop ___ I often speak to you.A. whereB. whichC. of whichD. in which16. This is the shop ___ I often buy food stuff.A. whereB. whichC. of whichD. to which10. There can’t be any life on Venus, ___ the temperature is as high as 900F.A whichB when C. where D there31. I have kept up a friendship with a girl who I was at school __twenty years ago.A. aboutB. sinceC. tillD. with6、定语从句（2）--三个重要的关系代词3. Such people __ know Tom thought he was a trustworthy man.A. thatB. whichC. asD. whatAs引导定语从句：eg. He is honest as we know.As we know he is honest.Passage 1Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th centuryand the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened1 . As was discussed before, it was not2 the 19th century that the newspaperbecame the dominant pre-electronic 3 ，following in the wake of the pamphletand the book and in the 4 of the periodical.As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became“personal” too, as well as 13 ，with display becoming sharper and storage 14 increasing .Passage13Families have also 13 changes these years．more families consist ofone-parent households or two working parents; 14 ，children are likely to haveless supervision at home 15 was common in the traditional family 16 .13．A. survived B．noticed C．undertaken D．experienced14．A. contrarily B．consequently C．similarly D．simultaneously15．A. than B．that C．which D．as16．A. system B．structure C．concept D．heritage2. I don’t suppose anything happens ___ he doesn’t foresee.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. as3. Such people __ know Tom thought he was a trustworthy man.A. thatB. whichC. asD. what11. The reason__ he died was lack of medical care.A. which B for that C as D why14. We may encounter situations ___ this principle cannot be applied.A. whereB. whichC. whatD. as7、定语从句练习 Unit1（2）10. There can’t be any life on Venus, ___ the temperature is as high as 900F.A whichB when C. where D there25. The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds ___ his argument in favor ofthe new theory.A. which to base onB. on which to baseC. to base on whichD. which to be based on23. They will move into the new house next Friday, ____ it will be completely furnished.A. by the timeB. by which timeC. by that timeD. by this time20. The quality of teaching should be measured by the degree ___ the students’ potentiality is developed.A. of whichB. with whichC. in whichD. to which26. Water enters into a great variety of chemical reactions, ___ have been mentionedin previous pages.A. a few ofB. a few of whichC. a few of thatD. a few of them8、完形填空的出题方向（1）passage 5Are you always sure you know what people mean when they try to describe theirfeelings to you? We use both words and gestures to express our feelings, but theproblem is the these words and gestures can be interpreted in different ways．It is true that a smile means the same things in any language. So 51 laughteror crying. There are also a number of striking similarities in the way differentanimals show the 52 feeling. Does, tigers and humans, for example, often show their teeth when they are angry. This is probably 53 such behavior patterns are inherited rather than 54 .Fear is another emotion that is shown in 55 the same way all over the world. In Chinese and in English fiction, a phrase like he went pale and began to tremble' suggests that the man is 56 very afraid or has just had a very nasty shock. However,' he opened his eyes wide' is used to suggested anger in Chinese 57 in English it conveys surprise. In Chinese surprise can be described in a phrase like' they stretched 58 their tongues'．Sticking out your tongue in 59 is an insulting gesture or expresses disgust．Even in the same 60 , people differ 61 their ability to interpret and express feelings. Experiments in America have shown that women are usually better than men 62 recognizing fear, anger, love and happiness on people's faces. Disgust, contempt and suffering seem to 63 the most difficult emotions for people everywhere either to recognize or to 64 ．Other studies have 65 that older people usually find 66 easier to interpret body language （the way people stand or move etc.）than younger people 67 , and psychologists such as E. G．Beier have also shown that some people frequently give completely the wrong impression of 68 they feel. For instance, they try to show affection but in fact actually communicate dislike. Or when they want to show interest, they give the impression that they don't care. This can happen even among close friends and members of the same family. In 69 words, what we think we are communicating through language, voice, face and body movements may be the exact 70 of what other people understand．9、定语从句练习 Unit1（3）14. We may encounter situations ___ this principle cannot be applied.A. whereB. whichC. whatD. as10、what从句的特点9. ____ makes it rather disturbing was arbitrary circumstances both of my arrest and my subsequent fate in court.A. ThatB. WhatC. WhichD. Where15. When reports came into London Zoo ___ a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.A. whatB. asC. whichD. that10. ____ , Dr. Smith has long been a severe critic of the government’s economic policies.A. Although not being an economist himselfB. Although not an economist himselfC. Although not having been an economist himselfD. Although being no an economist himself11、than引导定语从句的情况7. A microscope can reveal vastly __ detail than is visible to the naked eye.A. thanB. than moreC. more thanD. more6. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer than___ in the public today.A. existsB. existC. existingD. existed…. children are likely to have less supervision at home 15 was common in the traditional family 16 .15．A. than B．that C．which D．as12、as引导定语从句的情况（1）7. ____, he still retained the use of all his faculties.A. Because he was old and weakB. As he was old and sickC. Unless he was old and sickD. Old and sick as he wasAlthough he is a child, he can work out the problem.As引导倒装时，必须省冠词。
华慧上海交通大学2011年考博英语真题词汇试题及参考答案(三)
上海交通大学2011年考博英语真题词汇试题及参考答案(三)21. During the conference the speaker tried to _____his feelings concerning the urgency of a favorable decision.A. complyB. imposeC. implyD. convey22. The most _____technological success in the twentieth century is probably the computer revolution.A. prominentB. prosperousC. solemnD. prevalent23. While admitting that this forecast was _____uncertain the scientists warned against treating it as a cry wolf.A. anyhowB. somewhereC. somewhatD. anyway24. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, whereas the behavior of an animal depends mainly on ________.A.consciousnessB. impulseC. instinctD. response25. The boy students in this school are nearly ______as the girl students to say they intend to get a college degree in business.A.as likely twiceB. likely as twiceC. as twice likelyD. twice as likely26. With an eighty-hour week and little enjoyment, life must have been very _____for the nineteenth-century factory workers.A.hostileB. anxiousC. tediousD. obscure27. To call the music of another music-culture “primitive” is ____one’s own standards on a group that does not recognize them.A.puttingB. emphasizingC. forcingD. imposing28. The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains so many ____references.A.obscureB. acuteC. notableD. objective29. In general, matters which lie entirely within state border are the _____concern of state governments.A.extinctB. excludingC. excessiveD. exclusive30. One of his eyes was injured in an accident, but after a ______operation, he quickly recovered his sight.A.delicateB. considerateC. preciseD. sensitive参考答案解析21.D【句意】会议中，发言人试图传达他迫切需要得到一个最佳决定的愿望。
2018考博英语词汇语法模拟练习题附答案解析【三篇】
2018考博英语词汇语法模拟练习题附答案解析【三篇】导读：本文2018考博英语词汇语法模拟练习题附答案解析【三篇】，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。
first performance for the amateur3. By the middle of the 21st century, the vast majority ofA. than t5. No one would have time to read or listen to an account6. There is a real possibility that these animals could be7. Bit by bit , a child makes the necessary changes to makeA. as other peopleB.8. Clothing made of plastic fibers has certain advantages9. The treasury issupurchased from the government had to be paid for in gold11. It was during summer breaks that we first taste the12. In some cases, your instructor may tell you the topicsA. in advanceB. ahead ofC. above allD. right awayon the gas instead of the brake after his car went over themachine: “I must see you. Meet me at twelve o’clock.” D15. We looked for a table to sit down, but they were all16. She will have to find somewhere else to work, for sheA. come up withB. c18. The truck driver was fined for exceeding the speedA. rangeB. limitC. ruleD. regula21. Th e message is clear: Just as tea and banana can’t o24. Every year, one student in our high school wins a试题答案与解析1. C) 【句意】据当地报纸报道，那家银行昨天在光天化日下遭到抢劫。
考博英语单词是基础语法是保障-育明考博
中国考博辅导首选学校考博英语单词是基础语法是保障语法和词汇是英语中最为基础也是最为核心的部分，其在考博英语考试中的重要性不言而喻。
如何复习语法对于广大2015年的考生，特别是一些基础薄弱的考生是个十分头疼的问题。
广大考生在考博英语语法的复习上一定要给予足够的重视。
一、 选定一本质量尚好的考博英语语法书对于一些基础比较弱的考生而言，他们的情况是对语法一知半解或者完全处于懵懂的状态。
鉴于此，他们完全有必要选择一本基础的语法，从头开始比价系统地认真复习一遍。
在系统复习完了基础语法好，建议此类考生买一本与考博相关的语法书仔细研读。
英语基础好的考生也不要小觑考博语法，毕竟每个考试的系统或者特点是不同的，所以也应该好好复习考博英语语法，一遍能够更加熟练地运用。
（育明考博辅导课程咨询方式TEL:四零零 六六八 六九七八;扣扣：五四七零六三八六二）二、 语法复习和题目练习相互结合如果单纯地为了语法而学习语法，势必是枯燥乏味的，学习效果也不会很好。
此时考生可以结合题型的练习来提高语法运用的熟练度。
还有一个原因是现在的考博英语考试没有考语法的专项题型，而是将它糅合进英语知识运用、阅读理解、翻译等题型中进行考察。
考生应该在做题的过程中，对语法现象进行总结，形成一个自己对之理解的体系。
三、 对症下药，击破不会的语法知识复习语法的最终目的就是为了读懂文章，获取理想的分数，广大考生一定要刻苦复习，对于自己不懂的语法现象一定要仔细钻研，直至攻克为止。
在考博英语中，对于语法的掌握有一个衡量标准，即如果在阅读中面对一个长难句，你能快速准确地理解这个句子的成分以及各个成分之间的关系，涉及到什么样的语法知识，并能正确翻译，那就说明你对这部分的语法知识掌握的不错，如果达不到这个要求，就说明掌握的还不好，还需要强化复习。
总之，对于广大考生而言，一定要娴熟地掌握考博英语所规定的语法知识点，各个击破。
本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
医学考博英语阅读技巧
医学考博英语阅读技巧一：做到选项无生词。
大家在做医学考博英语真题时，务必将每一篇阅读理解的题目、选项以及文中对应句的生词全部扫清。
词汇是所有英语考试的基础，没有词汇量，分数没有保障。
二：熟练掌握四大语法。
即定语从句、非谓语动词、虚拟语态和强调句。
医学考博英语考试的阅读理解中，也考过省略if 的虚拟语态结构。
可见，读懂长难句，语法是关键。
真题不会重复，语法万变不离其宗。
(顺便提一下，完形填空是医学考博英语考试中对语法考察最多的题型，语法不好，这一块基本上无法在规定时间内完成。
) 三：了解做题思路，掌握一些基本的解题技巧。
比如信息比对法、段落逻辑分析法、矛盾排除法等等。
灵活运用这些解题技巧能帮助我们在考场上大大节省时间，提高效率，选对答案快准狠。
四：规定时间，阶段突破。
复习备考的时候就要严格控制做题时间，强迫自己在规定时间内完成，不得超时。
在11月30日前，年前真题至少做完两遍，每做一遍都要分析错误原因，突破弱项。
搞清楚自己到底是方法不对，还是基础不行。
五：全文精读，翻译解析。
如果你英语基础不错，目标是拿，那么更要做这个工作，那就是全文翻译阅读理解。
口头翻译就可以了。
翻译阅读理解真题不但可以提高我们的词汇、语法，还能让我们把握文章结构和行文逻辑，在破解出题方法上大有帮助。
这个方法虽然耗费时间，但坚持练习，提高是非常明显的。
六：适当拔高，挑战自我。
把医学考博英语考试的历年真题全部做透之后，可适当选择更高级别的阅读材料进行练习，比如读一些经济学人的医学主题的文章。
七：冲刺模拟，必不可少。
临考前一个月，必须给自己安排三次模拟考试，以便了解考试流程，估算自己的做题时间，模拟考场心态，找到自己的考试节奏。
八：整理错题，切忌覆辙重蹈。
每道错题，用红笔标识，复习时重点关注，明确错误原因，避免再次犯同样的错误。
中财考博辅导班：中央财经大学考博英语经验分享
中财考博辅导班：中央财经大学考博英语经验分享对于中财考博生来说，总会想要了解更多的考博英语备考经验，对此，启道中财考博辅导班总结相关考博英语经验如下，作为分享。
俗话说，考博要翻身，英语定乾坤。
英语的重要性不言而喻。
考博英语的复习是一个从基础不断提升的长期的过程，因此，启道仲裁考博辅导班老师兼职考博英语的复习要有针对性，要制定一个详细有效的复习计划，并计划执行，这样才能在有限的时间内有效的提高复习效果，到达复习的目的。
那么英语全年的复习该如何安排呢?对此，中财考博辅导班老师详细来讲述。
第一、词汇的考察。
考博属于选拔性考试，是从广大的毕业生中选拨出特别优秀的，继续深造。
换句话说，它的目的是为了让更多的考生不过。
因此考博考的更多的是词汇的深度，即你对一个单词掌握到了什么程度。
词汇的深度的考察包括两个方面，一考察熟词僻义，一是考察构词法，即通过词根词缀扩展单词。
因此，中财考博辅导班老师建议：词汇的复习要有针对性，把考博规定10000个单词划分出个三六九等来，区别对待。
对于你认为熟悉的初高中词汇，要重点记忆它的第二个，第三个，甚至第四个你不熟悉的意思，这些是考博中障碍最大的“熟悉的陌生人”。
第二语法的考察。
因为考博不单独纯粹考语法，像高中的选择题一样。
考博语法的学习目的是为了能够理解句子，识别句子结构。
所以考博语法说白了就是理解句子，理解句子结构。
句子分为简单句和非简单句。
简单句主要考察五大基本句型和四大成分。
五大基本句型即主谓，主谓宾，主谓宾宾，主谓宾补和主系表。
四大成分也就是定语，状语，同位语和插入语。
非简单句分为并列句和复合句。
并列句又分为句中并列和句间并列。
复合句包括三大从句和一些特殊结构。
三大从句分别是名词性从句，形容词性从句和副词性从句。
名词性从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句，。
形容词性从句也就是常说的定语。
从句，分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。
副词性从句也就是状语从句，包括九大类：时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、方式、让步、条件和比较。
上海交通大学考博英语一本通--语法分析与技巧
语法上海交大考博英语语法概述及考情分析上海交大考博英语的语法不作为专门的题型出现，在词汇题中出现的也较少，主要体现在英语写作中。
所以对语法知识还是需要掌握和复习，并达到熟练应用的程度。
考生应该首先掌握基本的语法知识，为系统地掌握考博英语的考查要素打下扎实的基础。
考生具体需要掌握的内容如下：（1）名词、代词的数和格的构成形式及用法（2）动词的基本时态、语态的构成形式及其用法（3）形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成形式及其用法（4）常用连接词、冠词的词义及其用法（5）非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）的构成形式及其用法（6）虚拟语气的构成及其用法（7）各类从句的构成及其用法（8）强调句型的结构及其用法（9）常用倒装句的结构第一节语法概述1、语法在测试中的地位语法是语言的组织形式（1）语法在词汇测试中的辅助作用（2）语法是篇章逻辑关系的纽带（3）语法在Cloze中的地位（4）语法是翻译的基础（5）语法在写作中与思想内容与词汇三分天下语法是语言的组织形式（1）语法在词汇测试中的辅助作用On the bitterly cold winter night, few peple walked along the ____ narrow street.A.loneB. aloneC. lonelyD. loneliness答案：C（2）语法是篇章逻辑关系的纽带So what has happened in the year that followed the disaster on the Gulf Coast In New Orleans, the Army Corps of Engineers has worked day and night to rebuild the flood walls.They have got the walls to where they were before Katrina, more or less. That’s not enough, we can now say with confidence. But it may be all that can be expected from one year of hustle.What can we learn from the passage about the author’s attitude towards the work in New OrleansA.contentedB.dissatisfiedC.optimisticD.appreciated答案：B（3）语法在Cloze中的地位So what has happened in the year that followed the disaster on the Gulf Coast In New Orleans, the Army Corps of Engineers has worked day and night to rebuild the flood walls. They have got the walls to where they were before Katrina, more or less. That’s not enough, we can now say with confidence. But it may be all ___ can be expected from one year of hustle.A.butB.asC.thatD.those答案：C（4）语法是翻译的基础In the reform of investment and fund-raising, we introduced a system where a legal person is leld responsible for projects, a capital system and public bidding system.在投资和融资领域的改革中，我们采用了这样的制度：法人负责制、资本金制度和公开投标制度。
英语重点语法后置定语
考博英语重点语法：后置定语一.介词短语作后置定语，如the bird in the tree(树上的小鸟)，the standard of living(生活水平)，the way to the hotel(去旅馆的路)，the life in the future(未来的生活)。
二.不定式短语作后置定语，用来修饰限定其前的名词或名词性短语。
分为以下三类：1. 在某些名词结构中可用动词不定式作后置定语。
I have a lot of homework to do.He is the first to finish the task.There are a lot of things to do.2. 在某些抽象名词后可用动词不定式作后置定语，具体说明抽象名词的内容。
常见名词有ability, anxiety, attempt, decision, chance, courage, right, determination, promise, ambition, effort, drive, eagerness, failure, inclination, intention, movement, need, opportunity, plan, reason, struggle, time, way, wish等。
例句：He has the ability to do the work.I don’t have the courage to tell you the secret.3. 动词不定式有时可替代一个定语从句，与其前修饰的名词是主动关系，在时态上含有将来的含义。
例如：Perhaps in the years to come(=that will come),we will meet again.In the lectures to follow(=that will follow), she talked about her trip to China.三、分词短语作后置定语。
考博英语怎么准备
考博英语怎么准备
考博英语是博士研究生入学考试中的一部分，对于考生
来说，准备考博英语要注意以下几个方面。
首先，词汇是考博英语的基础。
考生应该背诵并掌握常
见的词汇，包括基础词汇和学术词汇。
可以通过背单词书、阅读英文原版书籍和文章、参加词汇培训班等方式来提高词汇量。
其次，阅读理解是考博英语中最重要的部分。
考生应该
多读英文原版书籍和文章，培养对英文语法的理解和阅读能力。
可以选择与自己专业相关的书籍和期刊进行阅读，以提高对学术类文章的理解能力。
第三，写作能力也是考博英语的重要考点。
考生应该多
练习写作，包括写作文段、议论文和小论文等。
可以通过模仿范文、写作训练班等方式来提高写作能力。
第四，听力和口语也是考博英语中需要重点准备的部分。
考生可以通过听TED演讲、参加英语角、跟外教练习口语等方式来提高听力和口语能力。
最后，备考期间需要做好时间规划和复习安排。
可以制
定每天的学习计划，并进行有针对性的复习。
可以使用备考资料、参加培训班等方式来提高备考效果。
除了上述准备方面，考生还应该保持良好的学习习惯和
积极的心态。
每天保持固定的学习时间，合理安排休息和娱乐时间，保持乐观向上的心态，相信自己的努力能够取得好成绩。
总之，考博英语的准备需要在词汇、阅读理解、写作、
听力和口语等方面进行全面的提高和复习。
通过合理的复习安
排和积极的备考心态，相信考生可以顺利通过考博英语，实现博士研究生的梦想。
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考博辅导：考博英语语法重点总结（3）过去分词与形容词的语义差：1.Destructive:causing damage to people or thingsthe destructive power of modern weaponsDamaged: being in a bad stateemotionally damaged children2.Respected:admired by many because of achievementsHe’s one of the most respected managers in the game.Respectful: feeling or showing respectThey listened in respectful silence.3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides.Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby.Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment.4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights.Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative.5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother.Lovable: a sweet lovable childLovely: We had a lovely holiday.6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone.Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea windsTolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford.虚拟语气非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。
为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。
(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。
(具体)(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。
(经验)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。
(经验)（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别(1)不定式作表语1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architectu re was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant．(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。
动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected．(3)分词作表语分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。
一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。
所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。
换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有：interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求：(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语attempt企图enable能够neglect忽视afford负担得起demand要求long渴望arrange安排destine注定mean意欲，打算begin开始expect期望omit忽略，漏appear似乎，显得determine决定manage设法cease停止hate憎恨，厌恶pretend假装ask问dread害怕need需要agree同意desire愿望love爱swear宣誓volunteer志愿wish希望bear承受endeavor努力offer提供beg请求fail不能plan计划bother扰乱；烦恼forget忘记prefer喜欢，宁愿care关心，喜欢happen碰巧prepare准备decide决定learn学习regret抱歉，遗憾choose选择hesitate犹豫profess表明claim要求hope希望promise承诺，允许start开始undertake承接want想要consent同意，赞同intend想要refuse拒绝decide决定learn学习vow起contrive设法，图谋incline有…倾向propose提议seek找，寻觅try试图2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式ask要求，邀请get请，得到prompt促使allow允许forbid禁止prefer喜欢，宁愿announce宣布force强迫press迫使bride 收买inspire鼓舞request请求assist协助hate憎恶pronounce断定，表示advise劝告exhort告诫，勉励pray请求authorize授权，委托help帮助recommend劝告，推荐bear容忍implore恳求remind提醒beg请求induce引诱report报告compel强迫invite吸引，邀请，summon传唤command命令intend想要，企图show显示drive驱赶mean意欲，打算train训练cause引起instruct指示require要求deserve应受leave使，让tell告诉direct指导like喜欢tempt劝诱entitle有资格order命令warn告诫enable使能够need需要urge激励，力说encourage鼓励oblige不得不want想要condemn指责，谴责lead引起，使得teach教entreat恳求permit允许wish希望(2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语acknowledge承认，自认cease 停止mention说到，讲到admit 承认tolerate忍受dislike不喜欢，讨厌advocate：提倡，主张complete完成dread可怕appreciate 感激，欣赏confess坦白endure忍受avoid避免contemplate细想enjoy享有，喜爱bear忍受defer拖延envy嫉妒can’t help不禁delay延迟escape逃跑，逃避can’t stand受不了deny否认excuse借口consider 考虑detest嫌恶fancy幻想，爱好favor 造成，偏爱mind 介意repent悔悟figure描绘，计算miss错过resent怨恨finish完成，结束不得pardon原谅，饶恕resist抵抗，阻止forgive原谅permit 允许resume恢复imagine设想postpone延迟，延期risk冒险involve卷入，包含practise 实行，实践suggest建议hate讨厌prevent阻止save营救，储蓄keep保持quit放弃停止stand坚持，忍受loathe非常讨厌，厌恶recall回想例如：I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。