法律英语翻译
法律英语翻译
若本协议签署之后,中国国家、省、市或地
方政府通过任何新的法律、法规、法令或条例,修 改或废除任何法律、法规、法令或条例的任何条款, 或对任何法律、法规、法令或条例给予不同的解释 或采取不同的实施方法,导致与本协议相冲突,或 对一方在本协议项下的经济利益造成实质性的不利 影响,受到影响的一方经书面通知另一方后,对方 应立即协商并决定是否
as per the relevant provisions of the Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China;
or (ii) to effectuate necessary adjustments in order to preserve each Party’s economic benefit under this Agreement on a basis no less favorable than the economic benefit it would have received if such law, regulation, decree or rule had not been adopted, amended, repealed or so interpreted or implemented.
立法文件(legislative documentation);
司法文件(judicial documentation);
律师文书(documents prepared by lawyers);
法律、法规、条例、规章; 判决、裁定;
合同、协议、律师意见、案例等 等。
“庄重的” (solemn); “刻板的” (rigid);
1.结构复杂的长句
If, after the signing of this Agreement, the Chinese government either at the State, provincial, municipal or local level adopts any new law, regulation, decree or rule, amends or repeals any provision of any law, regulation, decree or rule, or adopts any different interpretation or method or implementation of any law, regulation, decree or rule,
法律英语翻译
Legal English (revised version for the students)Ch.1 The Main Features of Legal English一、法律英语的英译:David Mellinkoff(加州大学洛杉矶分校法学院教授):《The Language of the Law》19631.legal English---Lawful EnglishLegal parlance(说法、用语)/legal lingo(行话、隐语)/legal jargon(行话、黑话)/legalese( 法律八股文)/language of jurisprudence(法理语言)2. the English Language of the Law or shortened as “the language of the law”3. 法律英语与法学英语二、法律英语的范围:是否凡是涉及法律的英语(词汇、表达方法、句子结构……)都是法律英语?英美法学界所公认的法律英语主要是指普通法国家(common-law countries)的法律人所用的习惯语言(customary language),包括某些词汇、短语,或具有特色的一些表达方法(mode of expressions)。
三、法律英语的主要特点:I. precise or exact (准确)正常情况下,起草法律文件时,用词造句务必十分精准(with great exactness),因为一旦笔者的思想、观点、企图落实成文字,即成为法庭判断是非的重要依据,因为按严格解释原则(principle of strict construction)或唯名论原则(principle of nominalism),尽管实践中还存在推测意图原则(principle of presumed intent),但其不占主导地位,书面文字仍然是法官解释法律文件的唯一依据。
法律英语用词:ADJOURNMENT
法律英语用词:ADJOURNMENT英汉-汉英词典是做翻译或传译的必备工作伴侣。
不过,在传译的过程中,会偶尔遇到一些单词在翻译上是不可参照英汉词典的。
其中一个例子就是Adjournment。
在许多法律英汉/汉英词典都把adjournment翻译作“休庭”。
其实,也许有些律师会把“休庭”理解为“押后”或“延期”。
事实上,休庭不是一个太恰当的翻译。
思其义,“休庭”就是“法庭休息”,不审理案子的意思。
但是,adjournment是一种postponement。
换言之,该词表达的是某种事情的延后或者押后。
在法院里所用的adjournment, 是指案件押后或者延期再审理(或聆询),比如“The court will adjourn this case to next Tuesday.”或“Case adjourned to Tuesday”。
如果把 adjournment 翻译为“休庭”,那是误导的。
因为在法院里,如果提到adjournment,所指的是案子的延期、押后,择日继续审理或议论。
例如,在初审法院里,法官准许adjournment后,各方开始退下;接下来,法官并不是退庭休息,而是继续审理其他的案件。
“休庭”,应该是court in recess或者俗话中的“The court(courtroom) is down.”。
曾经有位法院传译员与我分享她的亲身经历。
当法官说“Adjourned”的时候,该传译员想起她看到的词典译意,于是告诉她身旁的华人被告说“休庭”。
当时身旁的被告很紧张,愣着问:“我的案件就到此为止了?法官不审了?”结果,该传译员连忙改口说:“法官说的是案件押后再审” 。
听到这话,被告方才松了口气,连忙说“谢谢”。
因此,adjournment这个单词应该翻译为“押后”或者“延后”,甚或“(案件)押后”,而不该翻译为“休庭”。
法律英语翻译-4
•There are two fundamental aspects of the U.S.criminal justice system: the presumption that the defendant is innocent and theburden on the prosecution to prove guilt beyond a reasonabledoubt.•But criminal defendants have other rights:the defendant's right to remain silent, to confront witnesses, to a jury trial, to berepresented by an attorney, to adequate representation, to a speedy trial, not to be placed in double jeopardy.•Give the corresponding translation of each of the following terms:•Guilty verdict•刑事诉讼程序•Double jeopardy•排除合理怀疑•Arraignment•沉默权•V oir dire•快速审判权•Death sentence with a reprieve/ death sentence with a say of execution•诉讼终结•Hearing•无罪推定•Guilty plea•反诉•inquisitorial/accusatorial system •上诉人•bill of prosecution•逮捕令•adversary system•预(初)审•information•证据开示•Put the following terms into Chinese •dismissing an appeal•appeal against conviction•effect of appeal•principal action/ action in chief •private prosecution/oneself action •counter-charge/protest •protestant•complaint/ caption•custody/ detention•defendant•plaintiff•appeal for mercy •instituting prosecution •brief•major case •pending case •defeat suit•hot criminal •evidentiary presumption •release on bail•first appearance •formal charges•pre-sentencing report•Translate the following sentences into Chinese• 1.The prosecution at trial has the duty to prove each and every element of the offense against the defendant beyond a reasonable doubt and that burden may not be shifted to the defendant.• 2. Although the defendant can obtain discovery of any exculpatory evidence, there is generally no right to discover the prosecution's evidence against the defendant. Because of the defendant'sconstitutional right against self-incrimination, the prosecutor has only limited rights of discovery from the defendant.• 3. In United States criminal law, probable cause is the standard by which a police officer has the authority to make an arrest, conducta personal or property search, or to obtain a warrent for arrest. It isalso used to refer to the standard to which a grand jury believes that a crime has been committed.• 4. The person making the statement is swearing that its contents are truthful. It may be in an oral or a written form. This type of statement may be used in various kinds of legal proceedings. The persons making the statement understand that they are doing so under penalty of perjury.•Translate the following articles• 1. 中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法的任务,是保证准确、及时地查明犯罪事实,正确应用法律,惩罚犯罪分子,保障无罪的人不受刑事追究,教育公民自觉遵守法律,积极同犯罪行为作斗争,以维护社会主义法制,保护公民的人身权利、财产权利、民主权利和其他权利,保障社会主义建设事业的顺利进行。
法律英语翻译-3
Criminal LawCriminal Law, branch of law that defines crimes, establishes punishments, and regulates the investigation and prosecution of people accused of committing crimes. Criminal Law includes both substantive law, and criminal procedure, which regulates the implementation and enforcement of substantive criminal law.Give the corresponding translation of each of the following terms.•司法权•writ of certiorari•开庭•Circuit court•求偿法院•petition•仲裁者•felony•上诉法院•conviction•轻罪•legal consequence •严格责任•mistake of fact •未成年人•crime of negligence •民事损害赔偿•material matter •动机•specific intent •犯意•Put the following terms into Chinese:•grading systems•first degree murder•retributive sentence•aggravated assault•peremptory challenges•presumption of innocence•case at bar•case of first impression•verdict of acquittal•verdict of guilty•Translate the following sentences into Chinese• 1. Under Model Penal Code, intent has the meaning as follows: a person acts with intent with respect to a material element when (1)if the element involves the nature of his conduc or a result thereof, it is his conscious object to engage in conduct of that nature or to cause such a result; and (2) if the element involves the attendant circumstances, he is aware of the existence of such circumstances or he believes or hopes that they exist.•根据《标准刑法典》的规定,故意的意思是:当(1)若一个要件含有行为人行为的性质或结果,他的主观目的则是从事该性质的行为或造成该结果;以及(2)若一个要件含有若干伴随情形,他则意识到该等情形的存在并且相信或希望该等情形存在时,一个人的行为构成针对一重要要件的行为意图。
常用法律英语词汇翻译大全:民事法律.doc
常用法律英语词汇翻译大全:民事法律法律渊源source of law 制定法statute 判例法case law; precedent 普通法common law 特别法special law 固有法native law; indigenous law 继受法adopted law 实体法substantial law 程序法procedural law 原则法fundamental law 例外法exception law 司法解释judicial interpretation 习公序良俗public order and moral 自然法natural law 罗马法Roman Law 私法private law 公法public law 民法法系civil law system 英美法系system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系civil law system 普通法common law 大陆法continental law 罗马法系Roman law system 英吉利法English law 衡平法equity; law of equity 教会法ecclesiastical law 寺院法canon law 伊斯兰法Islamic law 民法法律规范norm of civil law 授权规范authorization norm 禁止规范forbidding norm 义务性规范obligatory norm 命令性规范commanding norm 民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则principle of equality 自愿原则principle of free will 公平原则principle of justice 等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange 诚实信用原则principle of good faith 行为act 作为act 不作为omission 合法行为lawful act 违法行为unlawful act 民事权利权利能力civil right 绝对权absolute right 相对权relative right 优先权right of priority 先买权preemption 原权antecedent right 救济权right of relief 支配权right of dominion 请求权right of claim 物上请求权right of claim for real thing 形成权right of formation 撤销权right of claiming cancellation 否认权right of claimingcancellation 解除权right of renouncement 代位权subrogated right 选择权right of choice 承认权right of admission 终止权right of termination 抗辩权right of defense 一时性抗辩权momentary right of defense 永久性抗辩权permanent counter-argument right 不安抗辩权unstable counter-argument right 同时履行抗辩权defense right of simultaneous performance 既得权tested right 期待权expectant right 专属权exclusive right 非专属权non-exclusive right 人身权利personal right 人权human right 人格权right of personality 生命健康权right of life and health 姓名权right of name 名称权right of name 肖像权right of portraiture 自由权right of freedom 名誉权right reputation 隐私权right of privacy 私生活秘密权right of privacy 贞操权virginity right 身份权right of status 亲权parental power; pa。
法律英语的翻译
2. 法律英语典型句型的翻译 2.1 otherwise
1.
2. 3.
Otherwise 在法律英语中的用法: 跟unless引导的句子(让步状语从句)连 用; 置放在连词or之后使用; 与than一起,通常用来否定句子的主语。
例1 In this Ordinance, unless the context otherwise requires, "state" means a territory or group of territories having its own law of nationality. (Laws of Hong Kong, Cap.30, Wills Ordinance, Art. 2) 在本条例中﹐除文意另有所指外, “国家” 指拥有本身国籍法的领域或一组领域。
这些词用来确指法律文本中的某一方或合同双方,使行文准确,从而 提高法律文书的正式性。
法律英语典型句型的翻译
1. 引言
改革开放以后,尤其是中国加入世贸组织 后,法律翻译成为热点。 一方面是为了让世界了解中国的法律制度 和具体法律法规,需要将大量的中国的法 律文本译成外文。 另一方面,为了学习借鉴国外的先进法制 建设成果,需要将大量的国外的法律法规 法学著作等译成外文。
例 10 Where a defendant is fined and the same is not forthwith paid, the magistrate may order the defendant to be searched.
凡被告人被判处罚款﹐但没有随即缴付 罚款﹐裁判官可命令搜查被告人。
法律英语翻译
法律英语翻译-法律英语特点法律英语(Legal English)措辞严谨,句式冗长,结构复杂,甚至一句话能长达一篇文章。
在做好法律英语(Legal English)翻译(translation)之前,清楚认识法律英语(Legal English)的特点(characteristics)至关重要。
同样汉语中的法律用语也同样严谨,结构复杂,清楚的掌握两种语言的法律用语特点(characteristics)在翻译(translation)中会更加有章可循。
法律英语(Legal English)是以英语共同语为基础,在立法和司法等活动中形成和使用的具有法律专业特点(characteristics)的语言。
因此,在法律英语(Legal English)中不仅有众多的具有法律专门意义的特殊词汇(words),而且由于规定人们权利和义务的法律、法令或契约等法律文书所表述的内容必须准确、严密、客观和规范,不容许丝毫的引伸、推理或抒发和表达感情,因而在法律英语(Legal English)中又形成了许多其特有的句法特点(characteristics),这些词法和句法特点(characteristics)在翻译(translation)过程中必须受到充分重视。
下面我们从词汇(words)、词类使用和句型结构三方面来考察法律英语(Legal English)的文体(style)特点(characteristics):一、法律英语(Legal English)的文体(style)特点(characteristics)之一:法律英语(Legal English)词汇(words)1.1法律英语(Legal English)用词特点(characteristics):庄重、规范、书面语较多法律是掌握国家政权的阶级、集团的意志体现,它有鲜明的政策性,权威性。
为了维护法律的严肃性,法律、法规遣词造句力求准确,用词正式,语意严谨。
法律英语 词汇翻译
法律英语词汇翻译案件受理费court acceptance fee案情重大、复杂important and complicated case案由cause of action案子case包揽诉讼monopolize lawsuits被告defendant(用于民事、行政案件); the accused (用于刑事案件)被上诉人appellee被诉人respondent; defendant本案律师councel pro hac vice本地律师local counsel毕业证diploma; graduation certificate辩护词defense; pleadings辩护律师defense lawyer辩护要点point of defense辩护意见submission财产租赁property tenancy裁定书order; ruling; determination(指终审裁定)裁决书award(用于仲裁)裁决书verdict(用于陪审团)采信的证据admitted evidence; established evidence草拟股权转让协议drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests查阅法条source legal provisions产权转让conveyancing出差go on errand; go on a business trip出国深造further study abroad出具律师意见书providing legal opinion出示的证据exhibit出庭appear in court传票summons; subpoena答辩状answer; reply代理词representation代理房地产买卖与转让agency for sale and transfer of real estate代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记agency for notarization, trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate and incorporations代理仲裁agency for arbitration代写文书drafting of legal instruments待决案件pending case当事人陈述statement of the parties第三人third party吊销执业证revocation of lawyer license调查笔录investigative record调查取证investigation and gathering for evidence调解mediation调解书mediation二审案件case of trial of second instance 发送电子邮件send e-mail法律顾问legal consultants法律意见书legal opinions法律援助legal aid法律咨询legal counseling法庭division; tribunal法学博士学位LL.D (Doctor of Laws)法学会law society法学课程legal courses法学硕士学位LL.M (Master of Laws)法学系faculty of law; department of law 法学学士学位LL.B (Bachelor of Laws) J.D ( juris doctor缩写,美国法学学士)法学院law school法院公告court announcement反诉状counterclaim二审案件case of trial of second instance 发送电子邮件send e-mail法律顾问legal consultants法律意见书legal opinions法律援助legal aid法律咨询legal counseling法庭division; tribunal法学博士学位LL.D (Doctor of Laws)法学会law society法学课程legal courses法学硕士学位LL.M (Master of Laws)法学系faculty of law; department of law法学学士学位LL.B (Bachelor of Laws)J.D ( juris doctor缩写,美国法学学士)法学院law school法院公告court announcement反诉状counterclaim合同审查、草拟、修改contract review, drafting and revision 会见当事人interview a client会见犯罪嫌疑人interview a criminal suspect兼职律师part-time lawyer监狱prison; jail鉴定结论expert conclusion缴纳会费membership dues举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi决定书decision勘验笔录record of request看守所detention house抗诉书protest控告人accuser; complainant跨国诉讼transnational litigation劳动争议labor disputes劳动争议仲裁委员会arbitration committee for labor disputes 劳改场reform-through-labor farm; prison farm利害关系人interested party; party in interest律管处处长director of lawyer control department律师lawyer attorney; attorney at law律师惩戒lawyer discipline律师法Lawyer Law律师费lawyer fee律师函lawyer’s letter律师见证lawyer attestation/authentication律师见证书lawyer certification/authentication/witness律师卷宗lawyer’s docile; file律师刊物lawyer’s journal律师联系电话contact phone number of a lawyer律师事务所law office; law firm律师收费billing by lawyer律师网站lawyer website律师协会National Bar (Lawyer) Association律师协会会员member of Lawyer Association律师协会秘书长secretary general of Bar (Lawyer) Association 律师协会章程Articles of Lawyer Assocition律师业务室lawyer’s office律师执业证lawyer license律师助理assistant lawyer律师资格考试bar exam; lawyer qualification exam律师资格证lawyer qualification certificate民事案件civil case民事调解civil mediation民事诉讼civil litigation派出所local police station; police substation判决judgement(用于民事、行政案件);determination(用于终审);sentence(用于刑事案);verdict(由陪审团作出)旁证circumstantial evidence企业章程articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw 企业重组corporate restructure起诉状information; indictment取消律师资格disbar全国律师代表大会National Lawyer Congress缺席宣判pronounce judgement or determination by default人民法院People’s Court人民检察院People’s Procuratorate认定事实determine facts上诉案件case of trial of second instance; appellate case上诉人appellant上诉状petition for appeal涉外律师lawyers specially handling foreign-related matters申请复议administrative reconsideration petition申请加入律师协会application for admission to Law Association 申请人petitioner; claimant申诉案件appeal case申诉人(仲裁)claimant; plaintiff申诉书appeal for revision, petition for revision实习律师apprentice lawyer; lawyer in probation period实习律师证certificate of apprentice lawyer视听证据audio-visual reference material适用法律apply law to facts受害人victim书证documentary evidence司法部Ministry of Justice司法建议书judicial advise司法局Judicial Bureau司法局副局长deputy director of Judicial Bureau司法局局长director of Judicial Bureau司法统一考试uniform judicial exam送达service of process诉讼litigation; action; lawsuit诉讼当事人litigation party; litigious party诉讼业务litigation practice诉状complaint; bill of complaint; statement of claim 推销法律服务promote/market legal service外国律师事务所foreign law office委托代理合同authorized representation contract委托代理人agent ad litem; entrusted agent委托授权书power of attorney物证material evidence嫌疑人criminal suspect项目融资project financing项目谈判project negotiating刑事案件criminal case刑事诉讼criminal litigation行政诉讼administrative litigation休庭adjourn the court; recess宣判pronounce judgement; determination宣誓书affidavit业务进修attendance in advanced studies一审案件case of trial of first instance与国外律师事务所交流communicate with foreign law firms 原告plaintiff证券律师securities lawyer证人证言testimony of witness; affidavit执行笔录execution record执业登记registration for practice执业范围scope of practice; sphere of practice; practice area 执业申请practice application执业证年检annual inspection of lawyer license仲裁arbitration仲裁案件arbitration case仲裁机构arbitration agency专门律师specialized lawyer专职律师professional lawyer; full-time lawyer撰写法律文章write legal thesis资信调查credit standing investigation 自诉案件private prosecuting case。
法律英语第一课翻译。
法律英语第一课翻译引言法律英语是指在法律领域使用的英语专业术语和表达方式。
随着全球化的推进,法律界对于英语专业人士的需求逐渐增加。
本文将介绍法律英语的基本概念和常用词汇,帮助读者理解和翻译法律文件。
法律英语的基本概念法律英语是法律体系中的一项重要内容,包括法律文件的起草、翻译和解释等。
在法律英语中,准确性和专业性是非常重要的原则。
法律文件的翻译需要注意保持原文意思的准确性,并确保译文符合法律的规定。
常见法律英语词汇下面列举了一些常见的法律英语词汇及其翻译:w - 法律2.Legal - 法律的3.Contract - 合同4.Agreement - 协议5.Plaintiff - 原告6.Defendant - 被告7.Judgment - 判决8.Court - 法院9.Evidence - 证据10.Witness - 证人这些词汇是法律文件中经常出现的,熟悉这些词汇对于正确理解和翻译法律文件至关重要。
法律英语的翻译技巧在翻译法律文件时,以下几点技巧可以帮助提高翻译质量:1.精确无误的翻译法律文件非常重要。
一些术语的错误翻译可能导致法律文件的失效,因此需要对法律术语进行深入理解并保持准确性。
2.翻译法律文件时要注重上下文的理解。
有时直译法律术语可能不合适,需要根据文件的整体内容进行适当的调整和解释。
3.参考专业的法律词典和资料是翻译法律文件的重要工具。
法律词典能够提供准确的翻译和解释,确保翻译的准确性。
4.在翻译过程中,要注意语言的简明扼要。
法律文件通常需要清晰、简洁的表达,避免使用过于复杂或晦涩的词汇。
结论法律英语作为一门专业领域,对于法律文件的翻译具有重要意义。
准确、专业的翻译能够保证法律文件的有效性,并为法律实践提供帮助。
本文介绍了法律英语的基本概念、常见词汇和翻译技巧,希望对读者理解和翻译法律文件有所帮助。
参考文献 - Smith, J. (2010). Legal English: How to Understand and Master the Language of Law. Routledge.。
法律英语翻译的常用术语
监狱 prison检察官 procurator检察权 prosecutorial power检察委员会 procuratorial/prosecutorial committee 检察院 procuratorate法警 bailiff; court police法律文书 legal instruments/papers法律援助 legal aid法律咨询 legal consulting法庭辩论 court debate法庭调查 court investigation法定证据制度 system of legal evidence法官 judges法庭审理笔录 court record法庭审理方式 mode of court trial法庭庭长 chief judge of a tribunal法院 court法院公告 court announcement反诉 counterclaim反诉答辩状 answer with counterclaim反诉状 counterclaim犯罪嫌疑人 criminal suspect附带民事诉讼案件 a collateral civil action附带民事诉讼被告 defendant of collateral civil action复查 reexamination; recheck复验 reinspect高级法官 senior judge高级检察官 senior procurator高级人民法院 Higher People's Court告诉案件 case of complaint告诉才处理的案件 case accepted at complaint告诉申诉庭 complaint and petition division工读学校 work-study school for delinquent children公安部 Ministry of Public Security公安分局 public security sub-bureau公安厅 public security bureau at the levels of provinces,autonomous regions and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government公开审理 trial in public公开审判制度 open trial system公示催告程序 procedure of public summons for exhortation公诉案件 public-prosecuting case公诉词 statement of public prosecution公证机关 public notary office共同管辖 concurrent jurisdiction管辖 jurisdiction国际司法协助 international judicial assistance海事法院 maritime court合议庭 collegial panel合议庭评议笔录 record of deliberating by the collegiate bench和解 composition; compromise核对诉讼当事人身份 check identity of litigious parties恢复执行 resumption of execution回避 withdrawal混合式诉讼 mixed action基层人民法院 basic People's Court羁押期限 term in custody级别管辖 subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels 监视居住 living at home under surveillance监狱 prison检察官 procurator检察权 prosecutorial power检察委员会 procuratorial/prosecutorial committee检察院 procuratorate检察院派出机构 outpost tribunal of procuratorate简易程序 summary procedure鉴定结论 expert conclusion经济审判庭 economic tribunal径行判决 direct adjudication without sessions; judgement without notice纠问式诉讼 inquisitional proceedings拘传 summon by force; summon by warrant拘留所 detention house举报 information/report of an offence举证责任 burden of proof; onus probandi决定书 decision军事法院 military procuratorate开庭审理 open a court session开庭通知 notice of court session勘验笔录 record of inquest看守所 detention house可执行财产 executable property控告式诉讼 accusatory proceedings控诉证据 incriminating evidence控诉职能 accusation function扣押 distrain on; attachment扣押物 distress/distraint宽限期 period of grace劳动争议仲裁申请书 petition for labor dispute arbitration劳改场 reform-through-labor farm劳教所 reeducation-through-labor office类推判决的核准程序 procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence累积证据 cumulative evidence立案报告 place a case on file立案管辖 functional jurisdiction立案决定书 written decision of case-filing立案侦查 report of placing a case on file利害关系人 interested party临时裁决书 interim award律师见证书 lawyer's written attestation; lawyer's written authentication律师事务所 law office; law firm律师提前介入 prior intervention by lawyer免于刑事处分 exemption from criminal penalty民事案件 civil case民事审判庭 civil tribunal民事诉讼 civil action民事诉讼法 Civil Procedural Law扭送 seize and deliver a suspect to the police派出法庭 detached tribunal派出所 police station判决 judgement; determination判决书 judgement; determination; verdict (指陪审团作出的)旁证 circumstantial evidence陪审员 juror批准逮捕 approval of arrest破案 clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case破产 bankruptcy; insolvency普通程序 general/ordinary procedure普通管辖 general jurisdiction企业法人破产还债程序 procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation起诉 filing of a lawsuit起诉 sue; litigate; prosecute; institution of proceedings上诉 appeal上诉人 appellant起诉状 indictment; information区县检察院 grassroots People's Procuratorate取保候审 the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving 缺席判决 default judgement人民调解委员会 People's Mediation Committee认定财产无主案件 cases concerning determination of property as qwnerless认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity。
法律英语-common law
法律英语-common law提到"English law"我们就会条件反射,联想到"common law"这个概念,甚至把两者误解为同一概念。
其实,"English law"是"English law ","common law"是"common law","English common law"又是"English common law"。
汉语中,人们往往把"common law"说成是"普通法"、"习惯法"、"不成文法"、"判例法",甚至有时在一定上下文中被当作了"事实上"的代名词--如:"common law marriage"就被说成是"事实婚姻":"common law wife"便被说成是"事实上的妻子"。
严格说,上述种种说法大多是人们对"common law"的--种诠释("interpretation"),而不是什么翻译("translation")其中可算作翻译的,唯"普通法"而已。
"common law"之译为"普通法",似已"约定俗成"了,但是是否确切呢?在其尚未在广大读者间"约定俗成"前,尚不无商讨之实际意义。
形容词"common"具有:"共同的"、"普通的"、"粗俗的"、"低劣的"、"(数)共通的"、"(语)通(性)的"与"通(俗)的"等七类释义。
按此,则"common law"之译作"普通法",是于词典有据的了。
但是,词典上不是有七类释义吗?此处译作"普通法",采用的显然是第二类释义。
然则,这样取义对不对呢?能不能另取他义,比如说取第一类释义而译作"共同法"呢?为什么"Common Market"译作"共同市场",而不译作"普通市场"呢?这就牵扯到一个翻译上"具体词义具体确定--具体词语具体翻译"的原则了。
说得更明确一些:"common"一词在"common law"这一合成词中的具体涵义是什么?是"普通"还是"共同"?请看下列引文便知分晓:1.……the common law has in itself a number of historical sources which were,prior to Conquest,embodied in local custom. The unique contribution of the Norman Conquest, was to unify these local customs into one system of law common to all men, for this reason termed the "common law"。
法律英语翻译常用专业词汇
法律英语翻译常用专业词汇引言随着全球化的加速发展,法律翻译成为越来越重要的领域,特别是涉及跨国交易和法律纠纷解决。
在进行法律翻译时,熟悉和正确使用常用的法律英语专业词汇是非常重要的。
本文将介绍一些常见的法律英语翻译词汇,以帮助读者在法律翻译工作中胜任。
常见法律英语词汇1. 法律文件名称•Complnt(诉状)•Writ(文书)•Summons(传票)•Affidavit(宣誓书)•Indictment(起诉书)•Subpoena(传唤令)•Pleading(辩词)•Judgment(判决书)•Decree(裁定书)2. 法律程序•Trial(审判)•Hearing(听证会)•Arrgnment(提讯)•Bl(保释)•Plea(答辩)•Evidence(证据)•Witnesses(证人)•Cross-examination(盘问)•Verdict(裁决)3.法律机构名称•Court(法庭)•Judge(法官)•Attorney(律师)•Prosecutor(检察官)•Plntiff(原告)•Defendant(被告)•Jury(陪审团)•Bliff(法警)4. 合同和协议•Contract(合同)•Agreement(协议)•Terms and Conditions(条款和条件)•Breach(违约)•Consideration(对价)•Indemnification(赔偿)•Confidentiality(保密)•Force Majeure(不可抗力)5. 知识产权•Intellectual Property(知识产权)•Patent(专利)•Trademark(商标)•Copyright(版权)•Infringement(侵权)•Royalty(版税)6. 公司法•Corporation(公司)•Shareholder(股东)•Board of Directors(董事会)•Articles of Incorporation(公司章程)•Shareholder Meeting(股东会议)•Merger(合并)7. 证明和认证•Notarization(公证)•Certification(认证)•Authentication(认证)8. 跨国交易•International Trade(国际贸易)•Import(进口)•Export(出口)•Customs(海关)•Tariff(关税)•Free Trade Agreement(自由贸易协定)9. 诉讼程序•Statute of Limitations(诉讼时效)•Discovery(证据交换)•Motion(动议)•Appeal(上诉)•Pretrial Conference(庭前会议)•Statutory Law(法令)•Case Law(判例法)10. 人权•Human Rights(人权)•Civil Liberties(公民权利)•Freedom of Speech(言论自由)•Right to Privacy(隐私权)•Due Process(正当程序)•Equality(平等)结论在法律翻译中,准确理解和恰当使用常见的法律英语专业词汇是至关重要的。
法律英语课文翻译
法律英语课⽂翻译P21第⼀段的“procedure”:this is a proceeding upon writ of a death benefit award by the Industrial Accident Commission in favor of the widow and three minor children of Karl Lund, deceased. petitioner State Employees' Retirement System seeks an annulment of the award, on the grounds that respondent Commission had acted without and in excess of its power and that the evidence was insufficient to justify the fingdings of fact.这是⼀个死亡令状效益赔偿,有关⼯业事故委员会赞同对寡妇和已故的卡尔隆德的三个未成年的孩⼦进⾏赔偿。
申请⼈,国家雇员退休系统,旨在废除该赔偿为由,答辩委员会擅⾃⾏动,且超过其权⼒⾏使权⼒,其证明的事实证据不⾜。
P22 倒数第⼀段:on the contrary, we are required to indulge all reasonable inferences which may be drawn legitimately from the facts in order to support the findings of the Commission ,and in doing so all that is required is reasonable probability; not absolute certainty.反之,我们需要放纵所有合理的推断,可能是合法的事实来⽀持委员会的调查结果,如此⼀来,这样做所需的⼀切就是合理的可能性,⽽⾮绝对的确定性。
法律英语翻译(1)
法律英语翻译(1)
法律英语句子的特点
shall not constitute a waiver; shall not be deemed a consent; including but not limited to… nothing contained herein shall…
法律英语翻译(1)
法律英语词汇的特点
8. 大量使用累赘词以表达单一的 法律概念
法律英语翻译(1)
法律英语词汇的特点
解释:
Ex 1. He was awarded (判给)$500 damages(损 害赔偿)for the injury he suffered in the accident.
法律英语翻译(1)
法律英语词汇的特点
Ex. 2. 1) The testator died without issue(子女). 2) Parties must wait for process(传票)to
provisions of the Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China;
法律英语翻译(1)
法律英语句子的特点
or (ii) to effectuate necessary adjustments in order to preserve each Party’s economic benefit under this Agreement on a basis no less favorable than the economic benefit it would have received if such law, regulation, decree or rule had not been adopted, amended, repealed or so interpreted or implemented.
法律英语的特点及翻译
法律英语的特点及翻译发布时间:2006-12-27 02:07 浏览次数:2326樊爱茹(包钢(集团) 公司办公厅,内蒙古包头014010)摘要:文章概括介绍了法律英语的主要特点,探讨了如何正确理解和翻译法律英语的方法。
关键词:法律英语;特点;翻译Characteristics and translation of legal EnglishFAN Ai - ru( General Office of Baotou Steel ( Group) Corporation, Baotou 014010, China)Abstract: The characteristics of legal English are briefly introduced and the methods of how to understand and translate it are discussed.Key words: legal English; characteristics; translation法律英语(Legal English) ,在英语国家中被称为Legal Language 或Language of the Law ,即法律语言,指表述法律科学概念及诉讼或非诉讼法律事务时所用的语种或某一语种的部分用语,它是以英语共同语为基础,在立法和司法等活动中形成和使用的具有法律专业特点的语言。
因此,在法律英语中不仅有众多具有法律专门意义的特殊词汇,而且由于规定人们权利和义务的法律、法令或契约等法律文书所表述的内容必须准确、严密、客观和规范,不容许丝毫的引伸、推理或抒发和表达感情,因而法律英语有其特有的风格,在翻译上也有其特有的方法和要求。
1、法律英语的特点法律英语作为一种具有规约性的语言的分支,有其独特的语言风格特点,包括:用词准确、句子结构复杂、具有特别的格式等,而其中最重要、最本质的特点就是用词准确。
法律英语重点专业词汇表
法律英语重点专业词汇表以下是一份法律英语中的重点专业词汇表,供参考使用:- 案件(case)- 起诉(file a lawsuit)- 被告(defendant)- 原告(plaintiff)- 辩护(defense)- 公诉人(prosecutor)- 辩护律师(defense lawyer)- 证人(witness)- 法官(judge)- 律师(lawyer)- 合同(contract)- 法律文件(legal document)- 法律条文(legal provision)- 法规(regulation)- 立法(legislation)- 法庭(court)- 诉讼(litigation)- 裁决(judgment)- 判决(verdict)- 上诉(appeal)- 不当行为(misconduct)- 违法行为(illegal act)- 犯罪行为(criminal act)- 合法(legal)- 非法(illegal)- 违反(violate)- 证据(evidence)- 调查(investigation)- 宪法(constitution)- 法治(rule of law)- 监管(regulation)- 法律系统(legal system)- 民事法(civil law)- 刑法(criminal law)- 劳动法(labor law)- 知识产权(intellectual property)- 合同法(contract law)- 诉讼程序(litigation process)这些词汇是法律英语学习中的重点,希望对您有所帮助。
请注意,在具体使用时,务必考虑上下文和专业背景,避免使用不正确或不当的法律术语。
法律英语词汇大全(完美打印版)
法律渊源source of law令狐采学制定法 statute判例法case law; precedent普通法common law特别法 special law 固有法native law; indigenous law继受法 adopted law 实体法substantial law 程序法procedurallaw原则法 fundamentallaw例外法exceptionlaw司法解释judicialinterpretation习惯法customarylaw公序良俗publicorder and moral自然法 natural law罗马法 Roman Law私法 private law公法 public law市民法 jus civile万民法 jus gentium民法法系civil lawsystem英美法系 system ofAngloAmerican law大陆法系civil lawsystem普通法commonlaw大陆法continentallaw罗马法系Romanlaw system衡平法equity; law of equity日尔曼法Germantic law教会法 ecclesiastical law寺院法 canon law 伊斯兰法Islamic law民法法律规范norm of civil law授权规范authorization norm 禁止规范forbidding norm 义务性规范obligatory norm命令性规范commanding norm民法基本原则fundamentalprinciples of civillaw平等原则principleof equality自愿原则principleof free will公平原则principleof justice等价有偿原则principle of equalvalue exchange诚实信用原则principle of goodfaith行为 act作为 ac不作为 omission合法行为 lawful act违法行为unlawfulact民事权利权利能力civil right绝对权absoluteright相对权 relative right 优先权right of priority先买权 preemption 原权antecedent right救济权right of relief支配权right of dominion请求权right of claim物上请求权right of claim for real thing 形成权right offormation撤销权right ofclaiming cancellation否认权right ofclaiming cancellation解除权right ofrenouncement代位权subrogatedright选择权right ofchoice承认权right ofadmission终止权right oftermination抗辩权right ofdefense一时性抗辩权momentary right ofdefense永久性抗辩权permanentcounterargumentright不安抗辩权unstablecounterargumentright同时履行抗辩权defense right of simultaneous performance既得权 tested right 期待权expectant right专属权exclusive right非专属权nonexclusive right 人身权利personal right人权 human right人格权right of personality 生命健康权rightof life and health姓名权right ofname名称权right ofname肖像权right ofportraiture自由权right offreedom名誉权rightreputation隐私权right ofprivacy私生活秘密权 rightof privacy贞操权virginityright身份权right ofstatus亲权 parental power;parental right亲属权right ofrelative探视权visitationright配偶权right ofspouse荣誉权right ofhonor权利的保护protection of right 公力救济public protection私力救济selfprotection权利本位standard of right社会本位standard of society无责任行为irresponsible right正当防卫justifiable right; ligitimate defence 防卫行为act ofdefence自为行为selfconducting act紧急避险act ofrescue; necessity自助行为act ofselfhelp不可抗力forcemajeure意外事件 accident行为能力capacityfor act意思能力capacityof will民事行为 civil act意思表示declaration ofintention意思表示一致meeting of minds;consensus完全行为能力perfect capacity foract限制行为能力restrictive capacityfor act准禁治产人quasiinterdictedperson保佐 protection自治产人minor who is capable of administering his own capacity无行为能力incapacity for act禁治产人interdicted person自然人natural person公民 citizen住所 domicile居所 residence 经常居住地frequently dwellingplace户籍 census register监护 guardianship个体工商户individual business农村承包经营户leaseholding ruralhousehold合伙 partnership合伙人 partner合伙协议partnershipagreement合伙财产propertyof partnership合伙债务debt ofpartnership入伙joinpartnership退伙withdrawalfrom partnership合伙企业partnership businessestablishment个人合伙partnership法人合伙partnership of legalperson特别合伙special partnership普通合伙general partnership有限合伙limited partnership民事合伙civil partnership隐名合伙sleeping partnership; dormant partnership 私营企业private enterprise; proprietorship 法人 legal person企业法人legalbody of enterprise企业集团group ofenterprise关联企业affiliateenterprise个人独资企业individual businessestablishment国有独资企业solely stateownedenterprise中外合资企业Sinoforeign jointventure enterprise中外合作企业Sinoforeigncontractualenterprise社团法人legalbody of massorganization财团法人legalbody of financialgroup联营 joint venture法人型联营association of legalpersons合伙型联营coordinated management in partnership协作型联营cooperationtype coordinated management合作社 cooperative 民事法律行为civil legal act单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act双方民事法律行为bilateral civil legalact多方民事法律行为joint act civil legalact有偿民事法律行为civil legal act withconsideration无偿民事法律行为civil legal actwithoutconsideration; civillegal act withoutaward实践性民事法律行为practical civillegal act法律翻译公司诺成性民事法律行为consental civillegal act要式民事法律行为formal civil legal act不要式民事法律行为informal civillegal act要因民事法律行为causative civil legalact不要因民事法律行为 noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行为principal civil legal act从民事法律行为accessory civil legal act附条件民事法律行为conditional civil legal act附期限民事法律行为 civil legal act with term生前民事法律行为civil legal act beforedeath死后民事法律行为civil legal act afterdeath准民事法律行为quasicivil legal act无效行为ineffective act可撤销民事行为revocable civil act违法行为 illegal act;unlawful act侵权行为 tort欺诈 fraud胁迫 duress乘人之危takingadvantage ofothers’ precariousposition以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal formconcealing illegalintention恶意串通maliciouscollaboration重大误解grossmisunderstanding显失公平obviousunjust误传misrepresentation代理 agency本人 principal被代理人 principal 受托人 trustee代理人 agent本代理人original agent法定代理人statutory agent; legal agent委托代理人agent by mandate指定代理人designated agent复代理人 subagent再代理人 subagent转代理人 subagent代理权right ofagency授权行为act ofauthorization授权委托书powerof attorney代理行为act ofagency委托代理 agency bymandate本代理originalagency复代理 subagency次代理 subagency有权代理authorized agency表见代理 agency byestoppel; apparentagency律师代理 agency bylawyer普通代理generalagency全权代理generalagency全权代理委托书general power of attorney共同代理joint agency独家代理sole agency居间 brokerage居间人 broker行纪commission; broker house信托 trust时效time limit; prescription; limitation时效中止suspension ofprescription/limitation时效中断interruption oflimitation/prescription时效延长extensionof limitation取得时效acquisitiveprescription时效终止lapse oftime; termination ofprescription期日 date期间 term涉外民事关系civilrelations withforeign elements冲突规范rule ofconflict准据法applicablelaw; governing law反致renvoi;remission转致 transmission识别 identification公共秩序保留reserve of publicorder法律规避evasion of law国籍 nationality国有化nationalization法律责任legal liability民事责任civil liability/responsibilit y行政责任administrative liability/responsibilit y 刑事责任criminalliability/responsibility违约责任 liability ofbreach of contract;responsibility ofdefault有限责任limitedliability无限责任unlimitedliability按份责任shared/severalliability连带责任joint andseveral liability过失责任liabilityfor negligence;negligent liability过错责任faultliability; liability forfault单独过错 sole fault共同过错 joint fault混合过错mixedfault被害人过错victim’s fault第三人过错thirdparty’s fault推定过错presumptive fault恶意bad faith; malice故意deliberate intention; intention; willfulness过失 negligence重大过失gross negligence疏忽大意的过失careless and inadvertent negligence过于自信的过失negligence withundue assumption损害事实facts ofdamage有形损失tangibledamage/loss无形损失 intangibledamage/loss财产损失propertydamage/loss人身损失personaldamage/loss精神损失spiritualdamage/loss民事责任承担方式methods of bearingcivil liability停止侵害cease theinfringing act排除妨碍exclusionof hindrance;removal of obstacle消除危险elimination ofdanger返还财产restitution ofproperty恢复原状restitution;restitution of original state赔偿损失compensate for a loss; indemnify for a loss支付违约金payment of liquidated damage消除影响eliminate ill effects恢复名誉rehabilitate one’s reputation赔礼道歉extend a formal apology物权jus ad rem;right in rem; realright物权制度real rightsystem; right in remsystem一物一权原则theprincipal of Onething, One Right物权法定主义principal of legalityof right in rem物权公示原则principal of publicsummons of right inrem物权法 jus rerem物 property生产资料rawmaterial forproduction生活资料means oflivelihood; means ofsubsistence流通物res incommercium; athing in commerce限制流通物limitedmerchantable thing禁止流通物res extra commercium;a thing out of commerce资产 asset固定资产fixed asset流动资产current asset; floating asset 动产movables; chattel不动产immovable; real estate特定物 res certae; a certain thing 种类物genus;indefinite thing可分物resdivisibiles; divisiblethings不可分物resindivisibiles;indivisible things主物res capitalis; aprincipal thing从物res accessoria;an accessory thing原物 original thing孳息 fruits天然孳息naturalfruits法定孳息legalfruits无主物 bona vacatia;vacant goods;ownerless goods遗失物lostproperty漂流物driftingobject埋藏物fortuna;hidden property货币 currency证券 securities债券 bond物权分类classification of right in rem/real right自物权jus in re propria; right of full ownership所有权dominium; ownership; title所有权凭证document of title; title of ownership占有权dominium utile; equitable ownership使用权 right of use; right to use of收益权right toearnings; right toyields处分权right ofdisposing; jusdispodendi善意占有possession in goodfaith恶意占有maliciouspossession按份共有severalpossession共同共有jointpossession他物权jus in realiena用益物权real rightfor usufruct使用权 right to use;right of use土地使用权 right tothe use of land林权forestownership采矿权miningownership经营权managerialauthority; power ofmanagement承包经营权 right to contracted management相邻权neighboring right; relatedright地上权 superficies 永佃权jus emphyteuticum; right to landed estate granted in perpetuity through a contract 地役权servitude; easement人役权servitus personarum;personal servitude担保物权real rightfor security物的担保securityfor thing物的瑕疵担保warranty againstdefect of a thing抵押权hypotheca;hypothecation; rightto mortgage抵押权的设定creation of right tomortgage抵押人 mortgagor抵押权人mortgagee抵押标的物collateral; estateunder mortgage抵押权的效力deffect of right tomortgage抵押权的次序sequence of right tomortgage抵押权的抛弃abandonment ofright to mortgage抵押权的让与alienation of right to mortgage抵押权的实现materialization of right to mortgage抵押权的消灭extinction of right to mortgageregistration of estate under mortgage抵押物登记registration of estate under mortgage抵押优先权 priority of mortgage留置权 lien一般留置权 generallien特别留置权speciallien质权hypotheque;pledge; right ofpledge佃权 tenant right债权jus inpersonam; right togive or procure;claim; creditor’sright债权人 creditor债务人 debtor相对人counterpart;offeree给付 give; pay债务debt; liability;obligation债务的偿还payment of debt债务的偿清discharge of debt债务的担保guarantee of debt债务的合并consolidation ofdebt债务的给付日期debt maturity债务的免除exemption of debt 债的分类obligatio; obligation法定之债legal obligation任意之债voluntary obligation简单之债simple obligation选择之债alternative obligation 主债prime/principalobligation从债accessoryobligation单一之债singleobligation按份之债severalobligation连带之债jointobligation特定之债certainobligation种类之债indefiniteobligation合同之债contractualobligation侵权行为之债tortobligation损害赔偿之债obligation ofcompensation forinjury; obligation ofdamages人身损害damageto person精神损害moral/mental/spiritual damage医药费hospital treatment expense 医疗费medical charge抚恤金 pension慰问金consolation money产品瑕疵defect of product不当得利unjust enrichment无因管理voluntary service债的担保guarantee of obligation 财产担保propertyguarantee信用担保creditguarantee让与担保alienationguarantee保证 guaranty明示保证expressguaranty默示保证impliedguaranty保证人 guarantor保证合同contractofguaranty/suretyship保证金guarantybond; securitydeposit押金deposit;foregift预付款advancedpayment定金 earnest money;deposit违约金liquidateddamages法定违约金liquidated damagesby law约定违约金liquidated damages by agreement债的履行performance of obligation实际履行原则doctrine of specific performance情事变更原则doctrine of change of circumstances不当履行misfeasance清偿discharge; satisfaction 提存debtor’ssubmission of thesubject matter ofobligation tocompetent authority抵销 setoff知识产权intellectual property知识产权国际保护internationalprotection ofintellectual property国民待遇原则doctrine of nationaltreatment优先权原则a rightof priority doctrine自动保护原则doctrine ofautomatic protection特许权使用费royalties智力成果intellectual property著作权 copyright版权 copyright著作权人copyrightowner创作 creation作品opus; product;work著作人格权right of personality of copyright发表权right of publication署名权right of authorship; right of paternity修改权right of modification; right of revision完整性保持权 right to maintain integrity 不可侵犯权inviolability收回权right ofrecall; right ofretrieval自费出版publish abook at theauthor’s ownexpense著作财产权property right inwork使用收益分享权right to shareusufruct利用权right tomake use of获得报酬权 right toget payment重播权right ofrebroadcasting录制权right offixation机械复制权rightof mechanograph;right of mechanicalreproduction著作邻接权neighboring right ofcopyright剽窃plagiary;plagiarism盗版 pirate盗版VCD pirated VCD伪造 forge工业产权industrial property专利权 patent right 优先权日priority date申请在先原则prior application rule使用在先priority of use 新颖性 novelty创造性 creativity实用性practicability发明创造inventionand creation实用新型utilitymodel外观设计design;industrial design发明权right ofinvention发现权right ofdiscovery专利申请patentapplication专利异议objectionto a patent专利公告patentgazette专利续展费renewal fee ofpatent专利许可协议patent licensingagreement技术诀窍 knowhow专有技术 knowhow专利证书 certificateof patent专利事务所patent office专利代理patent agency中华人民共和国专利局Patent Office of the People’s Republic of China 商标权trademark right商标国际注册international registration of trademark商品商标commoditytrademark服务商标servicetrademark驰名商标reputedtrademark广告商标advertisementtrademark近似商标similartrademark商标评审委员会trade review andappraisal board商标审查trademarkexamination商标侵权trademarkinfringement商标注册registeredtrademark商标公告trademark gazette注册商标使用许可licensing ofregistered trademark注册商标转让assignment ofregistered trademark商标使用许可协议trademark licensing agreement商标事务所trademark office商标代理trademark agency婚姻、家庭、继承、收养marriage, family, inheritance, adoption婚姻法marital law; marriage law包办婚姻arranged marriage 财产分割partition;dismemberment ofproperty重婚 bigamy独生子女 only child法律婚legalmarriage非婚生子女illegitimate child夫妻共同财产community property夫妻关系conjugalrelationship夫妻分居divorce amensa et thoro;divorce from bedand board复婚resumption ofmarriage感情破裂incompatibility婚后财产公证notarization ofpostnuptialproperties婚姻登记marriageregistration婚生子女ligitimatechild计划生育birthcontrol结婚 marry离婚 divorce买卖婚姻mercenary marriage 拟制血亲blood relations in fiction of law旁系血亲collateral relation blood relation涉外婚姻marriage with foreign elements配偶 spouse 事实婚de factomarriage诉讼离婚divorceby litigation探视权visitationright同居 cohabitation晚婚 late marriage无效婚姻voidmarriage协议离婚divorceby agreement一夫一妻制monogamy早婚 early marriage直系血亲linealdescent自然血亲naturalblood relation收养法adoptionlaw收养协议adoptionagreement收养人adoptiveparent送养人person orinstitution placingout a child foradoption涉外收养adoptionwith foreign elements继承法inheritance law; law of succession法定继承legal seccession遗嘱继承intestate succession遗赠继承succession by devise 自然继承natural succession代位继承representation; succession bysubrogation世袭继承 hereditarysuccession间接继承indirectsuccession转继承subsuccession共同继承jointsuccession单独继承singlesuccession继承人heir;successor第二顺序继承人successor second inorder第一顺序继承人successor first inorder继承参与人successionparticipant遗产inheritance;heritage遗产继承人heir toproperty; inheritor遗言last will andtestament遗书 last words遗赠 bequest; legacy; devise遗赠抚养协议legacysupport agreement会计法accounting law税法tax law; taxation law反不正当竞争法antiunfair competition law消费者权益保护法consumer’s interest protection law产品责任法production liabilitylaw消费者权益法consumer rights andinterests law公司法companylaw; corporate law公司company;corporation有限责任公司limited liabilitycompany股份有限公司company limited byshares无限公司unlimitedcompany股份两合公司 jointstock limited liabilitypartnership两合公司jointliability company控股公司holdingcompany集团公司groupcompany合资公司jointventure company联营公司associated company; affiliated company 国营公司stateown company国有公司stateowned company民营公司civilianrun company 本国公司national/domestic company外国公司foreign company 上市公司listedcompany母公司parentcompany子公司 subsidiary皮包公司briefcasecompany; fundlesscompany募集设立incorporation bystock floatation发起人floater;initiator公司名称name ofcompany公司住址domicileof company出资contribution;capital subscription现金出资investment in cash实物出资investment in kind工业产权出资investment inindustrial propertyright非专有技术出资investment innonpatenttechnology劳务出资investment in labor 高新技术成果出资investment in hitech achievements注册资本registered capital实缴资本paidin capital验资报告capital verification report会计师事务所certified public accountants 注册会计师certified publicaccountant资本三原则threedoctrine of capital资本确定原则doctrine of capitaldetermination资本维持原则doctrine of capitalmaintenance资本不变原则doctrine ofunchanging capital最低资本额制度minimum capitalsystem公司章程 articles ofassociation; articlesof incorporation;bylaw公司登记incorporation;corporateregistration公司存续existenceof company公司合并分立merger and split ofcompany公司并购corporate merger and acquisition公司管理corporate governance; company management公司法律顾问corporate counsel公司整顿company rectification公司歇业 closure of business公司和解company composition 公司解散companydissolution公司清算companyliquidation公司清理companywindingup竞业禁止noncommpete;competitionprohibition招股章程prospectus股本 stock capital股东 shareholder股东大会shareholders’meeting股东大会决议resolution ofshareholders’meeting股东大会议事规则rule of procedure ofshareholders’meeting表决权 voting right;right to vote董事 director董事长president/chairmanof the board首席执行官chief executiveofficer(CEO)首席运营官chief operationofficer(COO)执行董事executive director常务董事managing director董事会board of directors董事会领导下的经理负责制responsibility systemof the chiefexecutive officerunder the leadershipof the board ofdirectors经理独立负责制managerindependentresponsibility system监事 supervisor监事会board ofsupervisors股 share; stock普通股commonstock特别股 special stock资格股 qualificationstock优先股preferredstock劣后股inferiorstock表决权股stockwith voting power溢价股premiumstock折价股convertingstock国家股stateownedshare集体股collective share法人股corporate share企业股enterprise share个人股individual share股息 dividend红股bonus stock; dividend stock法定公积金legal accumulation fund 资本公积金capital accumulation fund 盈余公积金 surplusaccumulation fund任意公积金optionalaccumulation fund公司犯罪corporatecrime证券法securitieslaw证券发行issuanceof securities证券上市listsecurities; float anissue证券交易所stockexchange证券商securitiesdealer证券公司securitiescompany证券承销商consortium ofunderwriters证券承销合同underwritingcontract证券经纪人securities broker披露制度 disclosingsystem交割日 closing date 风险投资基金venture capital fund 上海证券交易所Shanghai Stock Exchange深圳证券交易所Shenzhen Stock Exchange证券监督委员会securities supervision committee票据法law of negotiable instrument票据notes; bills;commercialinstruments商业票据bill;commercialinstrument远期票据time bill;;longdated bill到期票据maturedbill即期票据 sight bill记名票据billpayable to order;note to order不记名票据bearerinstrument本票promissorynote支票 cheque汇票bill ofexchange发票日 ticket day出票日date ofdraft/issue发票地place ofdraft/issue票据到期日bill tomature票据金额sum ofbill票面价额 face value 票据出票人 drawer 票据持票人bill holder票据承兑人bill acceptor票据行为act on commercial paper承兑票据honor a bill票据议付negotiation拒付票据protest a bill 票据付款人 drawee票据支付人payeron commercialinstrument票据收款人billcollector票据背书人endorser/indorserof a bill被背书人 endorsee票据保证人billguarantor票据被保证人billpledgee/warrantee再追索人renewedrecourser前手 remote holder后手subsequentendorser票据权利right ofbill票据期限term ofbill; tenor票据债务人debtorof commercialinstrument追索权right ofrecourse票据抗辩 exceptionto bill票据丧失loss of bill票据时效prescription of exchanges票据贴现discount of bill再贴现rediscount of bill恩惠期间term of benevolence票据代理agency fornotes/bills/commer cial instruments 海商法maritimelaw船舶国籍证书certificate of registry;certificate of ship’snationality船棋国 flag country船舶所有权证书certificate of shipownership船舶检验registerof ship船舶保险insuranceon hull船舶保险单hullinsurance policy船舶登记证书certificate of registry船舶丈量tonnagemeasurement ofships船舶进港费groundage船舶抵押shipmortgage船舶租赁shipchartering船舶转租shipsubchartering船舶所有人责任限制limitation of liabilities of ship owners船舶碰撞ship collision船舶遇难maritime distress海上灾难perils of the sea海上拖航marine towage船舶扣押detention of ship船舶债权ship’s credit 船级社classification society船级证书 certificateof class海上留置权maritime lien船舶留置权maritime lien船舶抵押权maritime mortgage海上优先请求权priority claim toseagoing ships救助优先权 priorityclaim to salvage共同海损优先权priority claim togeneral average服务优先权 priorityclaim to service货物损害优先权priority claim tocargo damage传播抵押借款和货物抵押借款优先权priority claim to shipcredit and goodscredit海运合同shippingcontract提单bill of lading(B/L)空舱费 dead freight 租船费 charterage 租船合同charterparty contract of affreightment期租船合同time charterparty; time CP航次租船合同voyage charterparty 定期租船合同time charterparty光船租船合同bareboatcharterparty;bareboat CP包租运输合同shippingcharterparty海上旅客运输合同contract for carriageof passengers by sea远洋拖带合同contract of oceantowage港内拖带合同contract of porttowage海难救助合同salvage contract海事报告master’s protest;;sea protest海事声明书seaprotest海事争议maritimedispute海事法院maritimecourt;; admiraltycourt海事诉讼程序maritimeproceedings船舶碰撞案件的民事管辖权civil jurisdiction of sea collision船舶碰撞案件的刑事管辖权criminal jurisdiction of sea collision海事争议的审理hearing/trial of maritime disputes海事诉讼保全措施measures for maritime attachment 海事优先请求权preferential right topmaritime claim海事请求保全申请书application/petitionfor maritimeattachment海事诉讼法律文书送达 service of legalinstruments inmaritimeaction/proceedings涉外海事诉讼管辖权jurisdiction ofmaritime actioninvolving forelements强制变卖被扣押船舶compulsoryrealization of thedistrained ship海事仲裁程序规则rules of maritimearbitrationprocedure保险法insurancelaw自愿保险voluntaryinsurance强制保险compulsory insurance商业保险commercial insurance财产保险property insurance人身保险personal insurance人寿保险life insurance健康保险health insurance意外保险accident insurance 社会保险socialinsurance养老保险endowmentinsurance医疗保险medicalinsurance失业保险unemploymentinsurance信用保险creditinsurance保证保险guarantyinsurance保险合同insurancecontract保险人insurer;underwriter被保险人theinsured受益人 benificiary投保人applicantfor insurance;; policyholder保险单insurancepolicy保险标的insuranceobject保险费 premium保险期限 time limit令狐采学创作令狐采学创作 of insurance保险利益 insurable interest保险金额 insurance; insurancecompensation保险事故 insurance accident保险赔偿 insurance indemnity保险代理人 insurance agent保险经纪人 insurance broker 索赔 claim 代位索赔 claim by subrogation 理赔 settlement of claim 代位求偿权 right of subrogation 委付 abandonment 退保 cancellation/dischar ging of insurance。
法律英语翻译常用词汇注释
AAb initioAb initio是拉丁⽂,其意思是“⾃开始之时”或“从头开始”,可以直接翻译为“⾃始”。
在法律英语中,ab initio的使⽤频率较⾼,⽐较常见。
如:ab initio mundi(有史以来),void ad initio(⾃始⽆效)等。
Accordaccord在普通英语中的含义是符合,⼀致,在法律英语中则表⽰和解或和解协议,指指债务⼈和⼀个债权⼈达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。
如reach an accord达成和解协议,accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。
Accused被告 Accused通常指刑事案件的被告,民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant;⽽申索案件中的被索偿的⼀⽅称为Respondent(答辩⼈)。
Acquireacquire在普通英语中的含义是获得,获取,⽽且通常指通过后天的努⼒获得。
在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买,收购,我们通常所说的M&A,即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。
如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者⼀年内并购中国境内关联⾏业的企业超过10个。
Acquittal罪名不成⽴。
刑事案件经审讯后,被告罪名不成⽴被释放,称为“The accused is acquitted”。
Acquittal是名词。
详见民法中和刑法中表达不同意思的“acquit”⼀⽂。
Actact在普通英语中的含义是⾏动,⾏为,在法律英语中通常理解为作为,与不作为forbear相对应。
如:Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear from。
《法律英语翻译》课件
Detailed description
Example
Summary: The translation of commonly used vocabulary in legal English requires attention to the accuracy of context and semantics.
Accuracy
The translated text must accurately reflect the original legal concepts and provisions, without any deviation or loss
Neutrality
The translator should remain neutral and not introduce personal opinions or biases into the translation
Preservation of formality and precision
legal English senses must maintain a high degree of formality and precision, avoiding the use of colloquial language or vague expressions
Literal translation: for legal English sentences that are structurally simple and lake cultural context, literal translation can be used to retain the original meaning and legal concepts
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法律英语翻译可没你想的那么简单,有GOOGLE就够了吗?法律翻译,顾名思义是翻译法律方面的内容。
翻译从形式上可划分为口译和笔译,鉴于口译通常按传输方式划分,即同传、交传、陪同口译等,以口头表述为媒介,专业领域的界限就相对模糊。
即便律师和客户的沟通,商事谈判中法律事项等会涉及口译,也通常不会过于专业。
口译始终以交流通畅、简单明了为主,最重要是保证沟通的及时性。
而笔译多是横向划分,按领域对号入座,科技翻译、文学翻译、医学翻译、商务翻译,不一而足。
而法律翻译和前述的众多队友一样,只是笔译中的一个分支,翻译任何以书面形式出现的法律内容,这就是法律翻译的全部任务。
但这一句话内涵却可以无限延伸,毕竟法律文书的种类多得列举不完,单单就契约而言,就有无数“衍生品”,contract, deed, instrument, agreement, arrangment, memo... ... 好像都是一种玩意儿,可细看又不是。
再给前面加个定语,采购、股转、信托、租赁... ... 感觉心好累,已经举不了了。
法律英语为什么这么难?>>>>1.综合性法律英语的难点之一,在于其具有“世界性词汇”的特点,这主要表现在它所使用的语言不仅是英语本身,还包括其它语种,如法语、拉丁语等。
尤其是拉丁语,在法律英语中处于权威性的地位。
在西方法律文明中,法律格言往往是用拉丁语来表述的。
这不仅是因为罗马法对整个世界法学的繁荣兴旺功不可没,而古罗马法学家尤其强调用简洁、精准的语言来陈述法律规则,更因为拉丁文在西方历史上长期被视为“有教养者的语言”,曾经是欧洲人表述法律规则和法律命题的“通用语言”。
随便举两个例子:>>>>2.严谨性暂不论英文,即便是中文的合同文书,我们都讲究定义的周延性、逻辑的严密性。
随着我国涉外法律服务业的拓展,涉外律师的水平如果只限于“会用英文写作”,“能让人大致看懂”已经无法满足业务要求,而是要在法律英文写作质量上精益求精。
毕竟律师写出来的英文合同,是否表意清楚、考虑周到、逻辑严密、切实可行,直接关系到数以亿万计的投资成败和风险分配,不得不慎重对待。
>>>>3.法学院教育与实践的脱节性在很多法学院,法律英语课程并不那么受重视,只是作为“大学英语”的一个补充存在,学生只要能够大致理解课文的主要内容,把课后的专有名词词汇表背熟,就足以应付课程要求。
但一旦开始实习,就会发现“书到用时方恨少”,涉外文书不会写、英文协议不会改、电话会议特别慌……再扎实的专业能力,都因为语言关束缚手脚。
我们可以通过一个简单例子来看看,法律翻译到底难在哪:中伦笔试试题监管人依甲方和乙方共同发出的指示函行事。
监管人在收到该指示函原件后,即有权从监管款项中扣除所约定的监管费用,并在5个工作日内指示银行,由银行根据商业惯例将监管款项一次性划至指定账户。
翻译:The custodian shall act in accordance with the instructions issued jointly by Party A and Party B. After receipt of the original of the instructions, the custodian is entitled to deduct the agreed custody fee from the fund and ins truct the bank within 5 business days that the full amount of the fund shall be transferred by the bank to the designated account according to commercial practices.这个案例中,“最佳答案”用的都是简单、常用的法律词汇,对于一个有基础的法学生,写出这样的句子并不难。
但是为什么你写不出来呢???那么我们就要谈到法律英语的特点了!法律英语是指法律界通用的书面英语(包括法律、法规、条例、规章、协定、判决、裁定等),尤其是指律师起草法律文件(合同、章程、协议、契约等)惯常使用的语言。
法律英语有其自身的特点,词语、词义、专业用语和表达方式有别于普通英语,形成了一种特殊的文体。
语言学界把这种文体归为“庄重的”(solemn)、“刻板的”(rigid)文体,是因为法律英语语句正规,有一定的程式,专用于严肃客观地表述所涉事项。
也有人认为这种文体是“神秘的”(mystical),甚至是“矫揉造作的”(assiduously stilted),理由是法律英语文词艰涩难懂,语句冗长复杂。
但不管怎样,法律文件必须用词准确,结构严谨,并采用业内普遍接受的格式,以充分体现法律的严肃性和严密性。
从事法律翻译,首先应当了解法律英语的特点。
法律文件的词汇法律文件往往使用正式的(formal)词语、被赋予专门意义并已进入法律英语范畴的普通词语、英语古词语料来词语(主要来自拉丁语)、法律术语和行话、套话。
1)使用正式的词语体现法律英语文体特点的,首先是法律文件偏爱“正式的”词语——与普通语言不一样的词语。
正式词语在各类法律文件中随处可见。
例如,在合同中,不用before而用prior,不用after而用subsequent,不用but而用providedthat,在这几个例子中,常用词都被正式的词取代。
其他的正式用语还有:construe,deem,operate,same,object to, whereas, without,prejudice等等。
宣誓书(affividat )的正式用语有being first duly sworn,depose and says; before me, a notary public。
而判决书则用Nowtherefore, It is ordered,adjudged, and decreed 做出判决。
2)使用具有不同意义的常用词英语不少普通词用在法律文件里,失去了一般人所理解的通常意义,而具有属于法律范畴的、与其原义大相径庭的意思。
下面所列的一些(仅仅是一部分)常用词,用在法律文件中所表示的意义,往往只有律师才清楚:action (诉讼)、alienation (转让)、avoid (取消)、consideration (对价)、counterpart (有同等效力的副本)、execute (签署)、hand (签名)、instrument (法律文件)、negligence (过失)、party (一方)、prejudice (损害)、presents (本法律文件)。
said(上述,该)、save (除了)、serve (送达)。
3)使用古英语和中古英语中常用担当代很少使用的词古英语(Old English)是公元约1100年以前的英语,中古英语(Middle English)则是公元约1100年至1500年间的英语。
虽说古英语和中古英语都早已过时,但今天的法律英语中还保留着许多那个时期常用的词以及其词义,其中最主要是以here,there和where与介词合成的词:-hereafter,herein,hereof,hereto, heretofore, hereunder,herewith;-thereafter, thereat,thereby, therefore, therefrom,therein, thereof,thereon,thereto, theretofore, thereunder, therewith; -whereas,whereby,wherein,whereof此外还有aforesaid,forthwith及作形容词用的said和such。
4)使用外来词语传统上,英美两国法律专业的学生都要学习拉丁文。
在现代标准法律词典里,仍然收录了直接来自拉丁文的词语。
其中有些拉丁词已被吸收成为英语词,如:affidavit (宣誓书)、alias (化名;别名)、alibi (不在犯罪现场)、quorum (法定人数)等。
虽然大部分拉丁词语如今不再使用,但还有不少词语常常出现在法律文件中,成为法律英语的一个印记,如:ad hoc (专门的;专门地)、bona fide (真诚的,真诚地)、de facto (事实上的)、in re (关于)、inter alia (除了别的因素以外)、mutatismutandis (在细节上作适当修正后)、part passu (按相同比例)、per se (自身)、pro bono (为了公益)、pro rata (按比例)等。
5)使用法律术语和行话、套话各行各业都有专门术语和行话,律师行业亦不例外。
法律术语和行话对不熟悉法律业务的外行人来说,是难以理解的,但对于律师开展业务和起草文件却是不可或缺的。
律师使用的术语和行话不胜枚举,这里仅收录最为常见的一些用语:alibi (不在犯罪现场)、appeal (上诉)、bail (保释)、burden of proof (举证责任)、cause of action (案由)、contributorynegligence (与有过失)、damages (损失赔偿金)、defendant (被告)、due diligence (审慎调查)、felony (重罪)、lessee (承租人)、lessor (出租人)、letters Patent (专利证书)、negotiableinstrument (流通票据)、novation (更替)、plaintiff (原告)、prejudice (损害)、reasonable doubt (合理的怀疑)、remedy (救济)、secondment (临时调任)、tort (侵权行为)。
为了使要表达的意思更为精确,或界定适用范围,律师在起草合同文件时每每使用现成的套话,如:and for no other purposes,shall notoperate as a waiver, shall not be deemed a consent, including but not limitedto,or other similar or dissimilar causes, without prejudiceto,nothing contained herein shall 等。
此外,由于英语的名词和代词有单数和复数形式,又有性别之分,为了防止所涉及的条款出现片面性解释,在合同的“定义和解释”部分,通常都有这样“以一概全”的固定句子:Words in the singular Include the plural and vice versa;words used in the masculine gender include every gender.这种法律文件特有的套话在普通英语里是找不到的,因而也更能反映法律英语的文体特色。