语法复习――非谓语动词(一)动词-ing的用法a

语法复习——非谓语动词(一动词 -ing 的用法

非谓语动词主要包括动词 -ing 形式、过去分词和不定式。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义, 我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中所作的成分以及一些特殊句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。本讲主要阐述动词 -ing 形式的用法。

动词 -ing 形式起到名词、形容词和副词的作用,在句中可作主语、宾语和表语、状语和宾语补足语,但不能单独构成谓语。

“动词原形+ing ”构成动词 -ing 形式可分为动名词和现在分词。

一、动名词

动名词是 v. – ing 形式的一种,它具有名词特征,可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语。

1.动名词作主语的几种句型

动名词直接置于句首作主语,动名词作主语可以是主动形式,也可以是被动形式。例如: Swimming in winter is healthy.

冬泳是有益健康的运动。

Picking apples is much better than having classes.

摘苹果比上课好多了。

Being elected chairman is a great honor to him.

被选为主席对他是一个很大的荣誉。

有时主语太长,可用 it 作形式主语,将真正主语即动名词放在后面。

不是所有的动名词作主语都可用 it 作形式主语,常见的有:

It is +no use+动名词做……没有用处

It is +no good +动名词做……没有好处

It is +nice +动名词做……很好 /很不错

It is +useless +动名词做……没有用

It is +interesting +动名词做……很有趣

It is+dangerous +动名词做……很危险

It is+a waste of+动名词做……是浪费……

例如:

It is no use waiting here. Let’s walk home.

在这儿等着没有用,我们走回家吧。

It’s interesting watching the children play.

看着这些孩子们玩耍很有趣。

It’s a waste of money buying such books.

买这一类的书是浪费金钱。

除了用于上述用 it 作形式主语的句型外,还可用于there be no…结构中。例如: There is no saying when it will stop raining.

无法预言雨什么时候停。

There is no joking about such matters.

这种事开不得玩笑。

There is no getting along with him.

他这人很难相处。

2.动名词作宾语

(1只接动名词,不接不定式作宾语的动词有:suggest, finish, admit, avoid, delay, imagine, mind, enjoy, practise, advise, consider, deny, mention, prevent, risk, appreciate, escape, resist, excuse, miss, stand, forbid, pardon, report, postpone, explain, keep, include, resist, allow, permit, fancy 等。例如:

Did he admit breaking the window?

他承认打破玻璃了吗?

He appreciated being advised.

他很重视别人的劝告。

They reported seeing a star in the east.

他们报告说东方出现了一颗星星。

Do you mind my closing the window?

你介意我关上窗户吗?

My daughter enjoys playing the piano.

我女儿喜欢弹钢琴。

The thief escaped being caught again.

这小偷又一次逃脱了抓捕。

(2介词后要用名词作宾语,尤其注意下列短语动词后要接动词作宾语:put off(推迟 , set about (着手 , give up(放弃 , keep on (继续 , look upon (看待 , succeed in (在……成功 , insist on (坚持 , feel like (想要 , stay up (停止 , aim at (目的是 , dream of (梦想 , can ’ t stand/bear 不能忍受

The doctor advised him to give up smoking.

医生劝他戒烟。

I don’t feel like going to the movies.

我不想去看电影。

My father has given up smoking.

我爸爸已经戒烟了。

I don’t stand working with him.

我不能忍受与他在一起工作。

(3 下列短语中的 to 是介词, 只能接名词或动名词, 不接不定式:be (get used to (习惯于 , look forward to (盼望 , pay attention to (注意 , stick to (坚持, devote … to (致力于 , object to (反对 , come near to (险些 , in addition to (除……之外 ; lead to (导致 , get down to (静下心去做, on one’ s way to (去通往……路上

例如:

They looked forward very much to meeting him again.

他们很希望再次见到他。

He came near (close to falling into the pit.

他差点儿摔倒在坑里了。