最新MONOPOLY3
新概念英语第三册笔记第51课上课教案
Lesson 51 predicting the future一、单词讲解New words and expressionsnotorious [nəʊˈtɔːriəs] adj. （尤指因坏事）众所周知的famous for something （声名狼藉，臭名昭著）a notorious bandit 出了名的, 众人皆知的，臭名远扬的, 声名狼藉的eg. The region is notorious for its terrible snowstorms. 这个地区以大风雪闻名。
notorious 指因劣迹而臭名昭著，含强烈贬义；但有时也作“众所周知的”解。
这组词都有“著名的，知名的”的意思，其区别是：famous 是普通用词，指传播很广，引起人们注意的人或事物。
eminent 指在某方面杰出卓越或突出的人或物。
notable 用于指事件时，侧重其重要、值得注意；用于指人时，与famous同义，但语气较弱。
outstanding 侧重指因素质优良，功绩卓著而超过同类的人或物，强调“突出”。
well-known adj.众所周知的（强调众所周知的），但是仅只好的方面-- She is well-known in the musical world. / This is well-known fact.remarkable adj.不寻常的（包括褒义和客观）（同意词：unusual, uncommon, extraordinary）-- a remarkable event , an extraordinary event 不同寻常的事件unremarkable remarkably remark vt 谈到、说起（正式评论、谈论on/upon）n. 评论、意见about outstanding（adj.突出的，杰出的，卓越的）-- Our headmaster is an outstanding youth.（n.年轻人, 青少年）Distinguished（adj. 杰出的, 卓越的, 不同非凡的）(非常成功且令人钦佩的) ~ physicist [‘fɪzɪsɪst] Eminent（adj. 显赫的, 杰出的, 有名的, 优良的）[‘emɪnənt] (尤指在某一行业、专业领域中颇有名气的) Distinguished和eminent是同义词（都是用来修饰严肃领域的人）-- a distinguished physicist（n.物理学家）, an eminent surgeon（n.外科医生）famous adj.著名的（普通用词，可用于人或物，指声名广为人知且持续很久的，名气大，有名）-- He is a famous movie star. / Luxun is famous for his articles.flagrant [ˈfleɪɡrənt] adj. 公然的，明目张胆的八级very shocking because it is done in a way that is easily noticed and shows no respect 公然的，恬不知耻的flagrant cheating 公然欺骗flagrant abuse 公开侮辱flagrant violation 公然践踏full-time a. 专职的（a&ad全职的(工作、学习)，专职的；全日制的；全部时间的）full-time job 专职工作，全天工作full-time student 全日制学生；全职学生，脱产学生part-time a&ad 部分时间的; 兼职的technician n 技师（n.技术员，技术人员someone whose job involves skilled practical work with scientific equipment,；技巧纯熟的人is very good at the detailed technical aspects of an activity）maintenance technician 修理行业的技术人员laboratory technician 化验员；实验室技师lab technician 实验室技术员；实验技师engineering technician 工程技术员computer technician 计算机技术人员“某种职业、地位或特征的人”civilian n. 平民civil 公民的comedian n. 喜剧演员comedy 喜剧mathematician数学家electrician n. 电工historian n. 历史学家politician n. 政客表形容词，“…国的；…地方的，某人的或某宗教的”Arabian adj. 阿拉伯（人）的Arab 阿拉伯人Canadian adj. 加拿大（人）的Egyptian adj. 埃及（人）的Christian adj. 基督教（徒）的technique 多指具体的某种技术和技巧。
【推荐下载】美国时代周刊高频词汇1000：Chapter3 简易词 名词(3)
[键入文字]美国时代周刊高频词汇1000：Chapter3 简易词名词(3) Chapter3 简易词名词(3)legend [ˋlɛdʒənd]n. 传奇人物They are far too cool in Nashville to get excited about mere music legends.美国田纳西州首府纳什维尔这批人很冷静，光是几个音乐界的传奇人物是无法激起他们的热情的。
mandate [ˋmændet]n. 委托，授权Prime Minister Ryutaro Hashimotoalso has a new electoral mandate as head of aninternationalist coalition no longer dominated by ambivalent socialists.首相桥本龙太郎也再度赢得选民的付托，出掌具有国际派色彩，且不再由立场矛盾的社会主义者所把持的联合内阁。
█coalition n. 联合政府measure [ˋmɛʒɚ]n.手段，措施【同】stepTheres no single measure thats fully adequate but a combination of measures takentogether can make them relatively secure.单靠一种措施是不够的，但是多种方法结合起来，可以使它们相对安全很多。
menace [ˋmɛnəs]n. 威胁【同】threatStill worried about the pesticides impact on the environment, government scientists thinkthey may have a better answer to the fire-ant menace.官方科学家仍担心杀虫剂会破坏环境，认为或许还有更好的方法来对付这种火蚁的1。
SBS 朗文国际英语教程第三册38-49【声音字幕同步PPT】
B.Yes,we have.We tookinventory a
5.A.Has George metthe new boss yet? B.Yes,he has.He metthe new boss a littlewhile ago. 6.A.Have Iexplained thepresent perfecttense yet?
8.A.I'm going to takea ride in a hotairballoon tomorrow.
B.I'm jealous.I'venever taken a ridein a hotair balloon.
9.A.I'm going to ridein a limousinetomorrow. B.I'm jealous.I've never ridden ina limousine.
A.Have you writtenthe report yet? B.Yes,I have.I wrotethe report a littlewhile
ago.
A.Listen to thesecond model. A.Has David gone tothe bank yet? B.Yes,he has.He wentto the bank a
Page 40Have you ever seena rainbow?Listen to the model.
A.Have you ever seena rainbow?B.Yes,I have.I sawa rainbow last year.
Do exercises1 through 8.You willhear the correct lineafter you speak.
《新视野大学英语读写教程(4)》(第3版)【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】-Unit 7-
东西斱宗教癿综叽体。
【派生】synthetic adj. 综叽癿；叽成癿，人造癿
plateau
n. 高原；（上升到一定癿）稳定水平
【例句】Mortgage rates declined, then reached a plateau. 抵押率下跌，然后达到一丢
稳定水平。
3 / 103
圣才电子书 十万种耂研耂证电子书、题库规频学乕平台
【搭配】a wisp of a girl 瘦小癿奙孩儿
a wisp of smoke 一缕烟
hitherto
adv. 迄仂，至仂
【例句】This is a fact hitherto unknown. 这是一丢至仂无人知道癿亊实。
synthesis
n. 综叽，叽成
【例句】Their beliefs are a synthesis of Eastern and Western religions. 他仧癿俆仨是
indefinite [
] adj. 模糊癿，丌确定癿；[诧] 丌定癿；无陉期癿
【例句】The trial was adjourned for an indefinite period. 実判被无陉期推迟。
【识组】be indefinite about 对……丌确定
wisp
n. 小捆，小束，一抂
【例句】A wisp of hair straggled across her ear. 一束头収散落圃奛耳朵上。
linear
adj. 线癿，直线癿，线状癿；长庙癿；线怅癿
【例句】OK, so how do I picture these linear combinations?我该怂举画出这些线怅组
Razer BlackWidow V3 使用指南说明书
進階指南知名王者，重掌榮耀。
感受 Razer BlackWidow V3 與眾不同的魅力—這款鍵盤不但承襲了極具代表性的首款機械式遊戲鍵盤，還具備全新的改良功能，包括採用了我們享譽全球的按鍵軸。
目錄1. 內含 / 使用需求 (3)2. 使用需求 (4)3. 註冊即可獲得保固 (4)4.技術規格 (5)5. 設定你的 RAZER BLACKWIDOW V3 (6)6. 使用 RAZER BLACKWIDOW V3 的媒體控制功能 (7)7. 透過 RAZER SYNAPSE 設定RAZER BLACKWIDOW V3 (9)8. 安全與維護 (20)9. 法律條文 (22)1. 內含 / 使用需求內含▪ Razer BlackWidow V3即時巨集錄製鍵 遊戲模式鍵 背光控制鍵 睡眠模式鍵 媒體控制鍵 音量控制滾輪 LED 指示燈 立架多元佈線選項▪ 人體工學設計護腕墊▪ 重要產品資訊指南2. 使用需求產品需求▪具有一個閒置 USB Type A 連接埠的電腦RAZER SYNAPSE 需求▪Windows® 7 64 位元（或更新版本）▪網際網路連線（供下載安裝軟體）3. 註冊即可獲得保固你不僅擁有一台超棒的裝置，更享有 2 年有限保固服務。
前往註冊，即可讓裝置發揮所有潛力，並享受獨家 Razer 好康。
您可在此找到產品序號。
▪有問題嗎？歡迎來信詢問 Razer 支援小組：4.技術規格技術規格▪專為遊戲設計的Razer™ 機械軸▪8,000 萬次按鍵敲擊使用壽命▪1,680 萬種色彩可選的Razer Chroma™ RGB 可自訂背光效果▪人體工學設計護腕墊▪多功能數位滾輪▪專門的媒體鍵▪內建記憶體加雲端的混合式儲存設定–多達 5 組設定檔▪支援 Razer Synapse 3▪多元佈線選項▪全區無衝突按鍵▪完全可編程按鍵，具即時巨集錄製功能▪可選遊戲模式▪1000 Hz 超快輪詢率▪鋁製結構產品尺寸與重量無置腕處▪長 :450.7 公釐 / 17.7 英吋▪寬 : 154.8 公釐 / 6.11 英吋▪高 : 42.1 公釐 / 1.7 英吋▪重量 : 1038 公克 / 2.3 磅有置腕處▪長 : 450.7 公釐 / 17.7 英吋▪寬 : 25.1 公釐 / 9.7 英吋▪高 : 42.1 公釐 / 1.7 英吋▪重量 : 1244 公克 / 2.7 磅5. 設定你的 RAZER BLACKWIDOW V31.將 Razer 裝置連接到電腦的 USB 連接埠。
欧陆风云3完整秘籍
欧陆风云3完整秘籍Authority -神圣罗马帝国皇帝得到最高imperial authoritycash得到5000金币colonist得到最高数量的移民者conversion_success立刻将所有正在执行信仰转化中的领土转化成功decision <决策名称> [目标国家编号OR 目标领土编号]这个选项能释放决策，被设为目标的国家将会被选择是否使用这个决策。
如果不清楚有哪些决策，你可以去到游戏根目录/common/decision.txt内去查找。
die <目标国家编号>杀死目标国家的当前统治者diplomat得到最高数量的外交官discover <领土编号>发现指定编号的领土（领土的编号可以到游戏根目录/common/decision文件夹查找）emperor <目标国家编号>使目标国家的统治者成为神圣罗马帝国皇帝event <事件编号> [目标国家编号OR目标领土编号]这个选项能释放事件，被设为目标的国家将会被强制性的对出现的事件作出选择，如果不清楚有哪些事件，你去到游戏根目录/common/events.txt内去查找。
以下为event #ID：国家政策更变事件:714 - Offensive/Defensive722 - Aristocracy/Decentralization723 - Aristocracy 2/Serfdom 2724 - Innovative/Narrowminded5056 - Narrowminded 15051 - Free Subjects 15058 - Aristocracy 15082 - Plutocracy/Aristocracy5089 - Free Subjects6002 - Offensive/Defensive6003 - Centralization 1/Decentralization 1 4035 - Quality/Quantity4034 - Free Subjects/Serfdom5097 - Serfdom/Free Subjects5099 - Mercantilism/Free Trade经济5037-5039 –农业革命6428 - +400金币9472 –为国家关注领土增加+10% 税收9473 –在首都建造大学5022 –得到殖民者6100 –制作船的速度 -30%4042 –减去5点恶名9509 –在自己的某个殖民地内生产金子(如果没有殖民地的话你的首都就会开始生产金子)其他742 - +2000 人力727 - War exhaustion -1728 –在附近国家的边界上增加自己的核心746 –敌人土地叛变(你必须控制该土地)5015 - +10海军, +10 陆军传统6602 - War exhaustion -?5087 –在邻居领土上得到核心5031 - +25 陆军传统5036 - +25 海军传统以下自己看：Add a merchant to random COT - event 1Add two merchants to random COT - event 2Add 3 merchant to random COT - event 3+25 Army Tradition - event 5031+25 to Naval Tradition - event 5036+15% Manpower - event 5039Russian Nation can be formed - event 1001Netherlands can be formed - event 1002Spanish nation can be formed - event 1003English nation can be formed - event 1004Italy can be formed - event 1006Germany can be formed - event 1007Ireland can be formed - event 1010 Join Holy Roman Empire - event 1051 Leave Holy Roman Empire - event 1052 Become an Elector - event 1054 Treasury empty - event 1063 Invest in Army - event 1075Invest in Navy - event 1076Join Hanseatic league - event 1091 Military reform - event 4011Rush of Colonists (3) - event 5022 Excellent diplomacy - event 5025 Build Fortification - event 5057New land Claimed - event 5073 Foreign bribe offered - event 5096 Convert your country to France - event 1005 Persia can be formed - event 1008 India can be formed - event 1009 Chilean quest for independence - event 1031 Order is restored - event 1064 Decline of the Hanseatic league - event 1092 Build Hanseatic leagueKontor - event 1093 Rift in the Hanseatic alliance - event 1094 Protestant reformation - event 2001 Spread of Protestantism - event 2002 Religious reformation - event 2011Spread of religious reformation - event 2012 End of time of trouble - event 3008 Religious intolerance - event 3012 Social reform - event 3014 Royal bureaucracy - event 3015 Wave of modern influence - event 4001 Western influence - event 4002 Western culture - event 4003 Diplomat Henri d'Estrées - event 4031 No text bonus trader - event 4032 Financial reform - event 4033 Social reform - event 4034 Military development - event 4035 Architectural development - event 4036 Indian trade company - event 4041 National bank - event 4042 Christian influence - event 5001 Muslim influence - event 5003Gift to the state - event 5008 Excellent minister - event 5015 Exceptional year - event 5019 Rush of merchant - event 5023 Diplomatic move - event 5024 Reformation of the army - event 5027 Reformation of the navy - event 5032Agricultural revolution - event 5037Good government policies - event 5040Monopoly company formed - event 5070Indian engineer available - event 5083focus <领土编号>更变国家的关注领土fow<领土编号>全球1天地图全开（如果你不是在暂停情况下使用这个秘籍的话，你可能会错过）government <目标国家编号><政府种类>改变目标国家的政府种类。
monopoly 技巧
monopoly 技巧（实用版4篇）目录（篇1）1.monopoly 技巧概述2.monopoly 技巧的优势和劣势3.如何运用 monopoly 技巧4.monopoly 技巧的未来发展正文（篇1）一、概述monopoly 技巧是一种利用垄断地位获取利润的策略。
在商业领域中，企业通常会通过垄断市场、控制供应链等方式来获取更多的利润。
但是，这种策略也存在着一些风险和劣势。
二、优势和劣势1.优势：monopoly 技巧可以带来更高的利润率和市场份额，从而获得更多的市场份额和资源。
此外，它还可以通过控制价格、产品品质等方式来获得更多的利润。
2.劣势：monopoly 技巧的风险也很高。
由于它需要企业控制整个市场，一旦控制失败，可能会导致市场份额下降，从而损失更多的利润。
此外，如果其他企业联合起来，monopoly 企业可能会受到更大的冲击。
三、如何运用 monopoly 技巧1.选择有优势的行业：企业在选择垄断行业时，需要选择那些市场需求量大、产品品质好、进入壁垒高、资源垄断性强等行业的行业。
这些行业可以为企业提供更多的竞争优势和机会。
2.控制供应链：企业在垄断市场中，需要控制供应链的各个环节，以确保原材料、生产、销售等环节的质量和供应稳定性。
这样可以帮助企业更好地控制成本和市场供应。
3.调整价格策略：企业可以通过调整价格策略来获取更多的利润。
在垄断市场中，企业可以控制价格，从而获得更高的利润率。
但是，企业也需要考虑到市场需求和竞争对手的反应等因素，以避免价格战和市场份额的下降。
4.建立品牌形象：企业在垄断市场中，需要建立品牌形象，以提高消费者对产品的认知度和忠诚度。
这样可以帮助企业更好地控制市场份额和客户群体。
四、未来发展随着市场竞争的不断加剧和技术的不断进步，monopoly 技巧将会越来越受到企业的青睐。
未来，企业将会更加注重垄断市场、控制供应链等方面的优势，以提高市场份额和利润。
目录（篇2）1.引言2.什么是垄断3.垄断的危害4.如何防止垄断5.结论正文（篇2）一、引言在当今社会，垄断现象已经越来越普遍。
英文版产业经济学教程第3章垄断
Policy • Monopoly Case Analysis • conclusion
01
The Definition and Types of Monopoly
What is monopoly
A monopoly is a market structure in which a single seller has exclusive control over a product and its price.
Evaluation of effectiveness
The effectiveness of anti-monopoly policies is evaluated based on factors such as the degree of market competition, consumer welfare, and economic growth.
02 03
Impact on competition
Anti-monopoly policies can significantly affect market competition by reducing the market power of monopolies, promoting fair competition, and enhancing economic efficiency.
Monopoly market structure
01 02
High barriers to entry
Monopolies often have high barriers to entry into the market, making it difficult for new competitors to enter and challenge the monopoly.
新概念英语第三册笔记第55课上课教案
Lesson 55 from the earth: greetings!astronomy [əˈstrɒnəmi] n.天文学前缀astro [ˈæstrəʊ] comb. 天文的；航天的；宇宙的astronomical [ˌæstrəˈnɒmɪkl] 天文的，天文学的；极大的astronomer [əˈstrɒnəmə(r)] 天文学家Galileo [ɡæli'leiəu]astronaut 宇航员=spaceman前缀tele- 远的，远方的，远距的，电信/报tele-education 远程教育; 教学; 广播电视教育; 网上教育telephone telegraphscope （处理、研究事物的）范围reflecting telescope; reflector;反射望远镜radio telescope;射电望远镜binoculars;双筒望远镜astronomical telescope;天文望远镜microscope 显微镜relative adj.相对的1）adj.相对的；比较而言的反义词absolute 绝对的~motion运动/ position位置/error相对误差/ humidity湿度-In the endless flow of absolute truth there are innumerable relative truths.在绝对真理的长河中有无数相对真理。
Relatively adv.Relativity n.相对论；相对性2）adj. 与…相比;与…有关;涉及; be relative toJapanese interest rates rose relative to America's （通过相比的“有关”）3) n.亲戚，亲属；亲缘物种; 同源事物（one animal, plant, language, or invention is a relative of another）Close ~ 近亲The turkey is a close relative of the chicken.relation 一般指因血统或婚烟关系形成的亲戚。
有关经济的英语单词和短语(3篇)
第1篇The field of economics is rich with specialized terminology and phrases that are essential for understanding various aspects of the economy, from basic concepts to complex theories. Below is a comprehensive list of economic terms and phrases, categorized for easy reference.Basic Economic Concepts:1. Economy - A system of production, resource distribution, and consumption within a society.2. Market - A place or situation where buyers and sellers come together to trade goods and services.3. Supply - The quantity of a good or service that is available for sale at a given price.4. Demand - The quantity of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase at a given price.5. Equilibrium - The state in which the quantity supplied equals the quantity demanded.6. Price - The amount of money that must be paid to acquire a good or service.7. Cost - The expenditure of resources required to produce a good or service.8. Value - The importance or usefulness of a good or service.9. Resource - Any input used in the production of goods and services, such as labor, land, and capital.10. Productivity - The efficiency of production, measured by the amount of output per unit of input.Macroeconomic Terms:1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) - The total value of all goods and services produced within a country over a specific period.2. Inflation - The rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising, and subsequently, purchasing power is falling.3. Deflation - The opposite of inflation, where the general level of prices for goods and services is falling.4. Unemployment - The state of being without a job, seeking for work, and available for work.5. Growth - An increase in the production of goods and services over time.6. Contraction - A decrease in economic activity, often indicated by a decline in GDP.7. Stagflation - A situation where an economy experiences both high inflation and high unemployment simultaneously.8. Recession - A significant decline in economic activity, often marked by a drop in GDP for two consecutive quarters.9. Depression - A severe and prolonged recession.10. Crisis - A situation where the economy faces extreme difficulty, such as a financial crisis or a systemic economic breakdown.Microeconomic Terms:1. Consumer Behavior - The study of how individuals make decisions about what to buy and how much to buy.2. Producer Behavior - The study of how firms make decisions about what to produce and how much to produce.3. Market Structure - The characteristics of a market, such as the number of buyers and sellers, the type of products, and the degree of competition.4. Monopoly - A market structure where there is only one seller of a good or service.5. Oligopoly - A market structure where a few large firms dominate the market.6. Perfect Competition - A market structure where many small firms sell identical products, and no single firm has control over the market price.7. Elasticity - A measure of how much the quantity demanded or supplied changes in response to a change in price.8. Opportunity Cost - The cost of forgoing the next best alternative when making a choice.9. Marginal Cost - The additional cost of producing one more unit of a good or service.10. Marginal Revenue - The additional revenue obtained from selling one more unit of a good or service.Economic Policies and Theories:1. Fiscal Policy - Government policies that use government spending and taxation to influence the economy.2. Monetary Policy - The actions of a central bank to control the money supply and interest rates.3. Keynesian Economics - A theory that suggests government intervention can stabilize the economy during recessions.4. Monetarism - A theory that emphasizes the role of the money supply in determining economic activity.5. Supply-Side Economics - A theory that suggests reducing taxes and regulations can stimulate economic growth.6. Free Market - A market where the prices of goods and services are determined by the forces of supply and demand without government intervention.7. Mixed Economy - An economy that combines elements of both a free market and government intervention.8. Economic Growth - An increase in the production of goods and services over time.9. Economic Development - The process by which a nation improves the economic well-being of its people.10. Sustainable Development - Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.These terms and phrases provide a foundation for understanding the complexities of the economic world. Whether you are a student of economics, a business professional, or a general enthusiast,familiarizing yourself with this vocabulary will help you navigate the economic landscape with greater ease and insight.第2篇Economics is a complex field that involves the study of how societies allocate resources to satisfy their needs and wants. To navigate this field effectively, it is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of the relevant vocabulary and phrases. Below is a list of economic terms and phrases, categorized for easy reference.Basic Economic Concepts1. Economy - The system of production, resource distribution, and consumption within a society.2. Economic System - The way a society organizes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.3. Market - A place where buyers and sellers interact to exchange goods and services.4. Supply - The quantity of a good or service that producers are willing to supply at a given price.5. Demand - The quantity of a good or service that consumers are willing to buy at a given price.6. Equilibrium - The point at which the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied, leading to a stable price.7. Scarcity - The limited availability of resources relative to the demand for them.8. Opportunity Cost - The value of the next best alternative that is forgone when making a choice.9. Efficiency - The state of producing the maximum output from the least amount of inputs.10. Growth - An increase in the production and consumption of goods and services over time.Economic Indicators1. GDP (Gross Domestic Product) - The total value of all goods and services produced within a country in a given period.2. GNP (Gross National Product) - The total value of all goods and services produced by the residents of a country, regardless of where they are located.3. Inflation - The rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising, and subsequently, purchasing power is falling.4. Deflation - The opposite of inflation, where the general level of prices for goods and services is falling.5. Unemployment - The state of being without a job, actively seeking work, and available to work.6. Consumer Price Index (CPI) - A measure that indicates the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services.7. Producer Price Index (PPI) - A measure of the average change over time in the selling prices received by domestic producers for their output.8. Interest Rates - The percentage at which money is borrowed or lent, usually expressed as an annual percentage rate (APR).9. Exchange Rates - The rate at which one currency can be exchanged for another.Macroeconomic Policies1. Monetary Policy - The actions of a central bank, such as the Federal Reserve in the United States, to control the money supply and influence interest rates.2. Fiscal Policy - The use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy.3. Stabilization Policy - Measures taken to counteract economic fluctuations, such as inflation or recession.4. Austerity Measures - Government policies that aim to reduce government spending and debt, often through cuts in public services and benefits.5. Quantitative Easing - A monetary policy in which a central bank creates new money to purchase government securities or other financial assets.Microeconomic Concepts1. Marginal Cost - The additional cost of producing one more unit of a good or service.2. Marginal Revenue - The additional revenue generated by selling one more unit of a good or service.3. Profit Maximization - The goal of a firm to maximize its profits.4. Cost-Benefit Analysis - An assessment of the benefits and costs of a project or policy.5. Market Failure - A situation where the market does not allocate resources efficiently, often due to externalities, monopolies, or public goods.Business and Industry Terms1. Market Share - The percentage of total sales or units sold by a company within a particular market.2. Brand Loyalty - The degree to which customers are committed to purchasing products from a particular brand.3. Diversification - The practice of spreading investments across various types of assets to reduce risk.4. Mergers and Acquisitions - The process of combining companies or acquiring one company by another.5. Vertical Integration - The process of a company owning or controlling multiple stages of the production process.6. Horizontal Integration - The process of a company merging with or acquiring competitors in the same industry.7. Oligopoly - A market structure with a few large firms dominating the industry.8. Monopolistic Competition - A market structure with many firms selling similar but not identical products.9. Monopoly - A market structure with a single seller and many buyers.10. Perfect Competition - A market structure with many sellers and buyers, where no single entity has control over the market price.Economic Theories1. Classical Economics - The economic theory developed in the 18th and 19th centuries, emphasizing free markets and minimal government intervention.2. Keynesian Economics - An economic theory developed by John Maynard Keynes, advocating for government intervention to stabilize the economy.3. Supply-Side Economics - An economic theory that focuses on reducing taxes and regulations to stimulate economic growth.4. Behavioral Economics - The study of the effects of psychological, social, cognitive, and emotional factors on economic decisions.5. Game Theory - The study of strategic interactions where the outcome for each participant depends on the actions of others.ConclusionUnderstanding economic vocabulary and phrases is crucial for anyone interested in economics, whether as a student, professional, or general consumer. By familiarizing yourself with these terms, you will be better equipped to engage in discussions, analyze economic data, and make informed decisions. Remember that economics is a dynamic field, and new terms and concepts are continually emerging. Stay informed and keep expanding your economic vocabulary.第3篇Economics is a complex field that encompasses a wide range of terms and phrases. Whether you are studying economics, working in the financial sector, or simply interested in understanding the world of economics, it is essential to be familiar with these key terms and phrases. Below is a comprehensive list of economic vocabulary and phrases, categorized for easy reference.1. Basic Economic Terms- Economy - The system of production, resource distribution, and consumption within a society.- Market - A place where goods and services are bought and sold.- Supply - The amount of a good or service that producers are willing to sell at a given price.- Demand - The amount of a good or service that consumers are willing to buy at a given price.- Price - The amount of money that must be paid to purchase a good or service.- Value - The worth of a good or service in terms of its ability to satisfy a want or need.- Gross Domestic Product (GDP) - The total value of all goods and services produced within a country in a specific time period.- Inflation - The rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising, and, subsequently, purchasing power is falling.- Deflation - The opposite of inflation, where the general level of prices for goods and services is falling.- Unemployment - The state of being without a job and actively seeking employment.- Wage - The amount of money paid to an employee for work performed.- Interest - The cost of borrowing money, typically expressed as a percentage of the principal amount.- Capital - Money or other assets used to create wealth or income.- Investment - The allocation of money or resources with the expectation of a profit or return.- Economic growth - An increase in the value of goods and services produced by an economy over time.- Economic recession - A significant decline in economic activity, typically visible in real GDP, real income, employment, etc.2. Macroeconomic Terms- Inflation rate - The rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising.- GDP deflator - A measure of the level of prices of all new, domestically produced, final goods and services in an economy.- Aggregate demand - The total amount of goods and services that households, businesses, the government, and foreign buyers are willing to buy at a given price level.- Aggregate supply - The total amount of goods and services that all firms in an economy are willing to supply at a given price level.- Balance of payments - A record of all economic transactions between residents of one country and the rest of the world over a certain period of time.- Trade deficit - A situation where a country's imports exceed its exports.- Trade surplus - A situation where a country's exports exceed its imports.- Fiscal policy - Government policies that use taxes and spending to influence the economy.- Monetary policy - The actions of a central bank, such as the Federal Reserve in the United States, to control the money supply and influence interest rates.- Stagflation - A situation where there is a combination of highinflation and high unemployment, often accompanied by stagnant economic growth.3. Microeconomic Terms- Marginal cost - The cost of producing one additional unit of a good or service.- Marginal benefit - The additional benefit gained from consuming one more unit of a good or service.- Opportunity cost - The value of the next best alternative that is foregone when making a choice.- Consumer surplus - The difference between the maximum price a consumer is willing to pay for a good and the actual price paid.- Producer surplus - The difference between the minimum price a producer is willing to accept for a good and the actual price received.- Market equilibrium - The state where the quantity supplied equals the quantity demanded at a particular price.- Monopoly - A situation where a single firm dominates the market for a particular good or service.- Oligopoly - A market structure where a few large firms dominate the market for a particular good or service.- Perfect competition - A market structure where there are many buyers and sellers, and no single participant has the power to influence the price.4. Financial Terms- Stock - A share in the ownership of a corporation.- Bond - A debt security issued by a company or government to raise money.- Interest rate - The cost of borrowing money, expressed as a percentage of the principal amount.- Dividend - A portion of a company's earnings distributed to shareholders.- Portfolio - A collection of investments held by an individual or organization.- Mutual fund - A type of investment company that pools money from many investors to purchase securities.- Exchange rate - The value of one currency relative to another currency.- Foreign exchange - The conversion of one currency into another currency.- Capital gains - The profit made on the sale of an asset that has increased in value since its purchase.- Capital losses - The loss incurred on the sale of an asset that has decreased in value since its purchase.5. Economic Theories and Concepts- Supply and demand - The fundamental economic model that explains how prices are determined in a market.- Opportunity cost - The cost of forgoing the next best alternative when making a choice.- Elasticity - A measure of how much the quantity demanded or supplied of a good responds to a change in price.- Marginal analysis - The process of analyzing the additional benefits and costs associated with producing or consuming one more unit of a good or service.- Cost-benefit analysis - The process of comparing the benefits and costs of a project or policy.- Game theory - The study of strategic interactions where the outcomefor each participant depends on the actions of others.- Behavioral economics - The study of the effects of psychological, social, cognitive, and emotional factors on economic decisions.- Keynesian economics - An economic theory that advocates for active government intervention in the economy to stabilize it during recessions.- Supply-side economics - An economic theory that focuses on policies that increase the productive capacity of the economy.Understanding these economic terms and phrases is crucial for anyone interested in the field of economics. Whether you are analyzing market trends, formulating economic policies, or simply trying to make informed decisions about your personal finances, a solid grasp of this vocabulary will serve you well.。
法律英语英美案例(3篇)
第1篇Court: United States District Court for the District of ColumbiaCase No.: 98-1232 (FKH)Facts:In 1998, the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) filed a lawsuit against Microsoft Corporation, alleging that the company had engaged in antitrust violations by monopolizing the market for personal computer operating systems and engaging in anti-competitive practices. The case was one of the most significant antitrust cases in United States history and had significant implications for the technology industry.The government's case was based on several key allegations:1. Microsoft had engaged in a series of anticompetitive acts to maintain its monopoly over the personal computer operating system market.2. Microsoft had engaged in predatory pricing, by selling its operating system, Windows, at below-cost prices to drive competitors out of the market.3. Microsoft had engaged in exclusionary conduct, such as bundling its Internet Explorer browser with Windows and preventing computer manufacturers from pre-installing competitors' browsers.4. Microsoft had engaged in exclusionary contracts, requiring computer manufacturers to agree not to sell computers with non-Microsoft operating systems or browsers.Issues:The central issues in the case were:1. Did Microsoft have a monopoly in the market for personal computer operating systems?2. If so, did Microsoft engage in anticompetitive conduct to maintainits monopoly?3. If Microsoft engaged in anticompetitive conduct, did this harm consumers?Holding:After a lengthy trial, the District Court found Microsoft liable for violating Section 2 of the Sherman Act. The court held that Microsoft had a monopoly in the market for personal computer operating systems and that the company had engaged in anticompetitive conduct to maintain its monopoly. The court found that Microsoft had engaged in predatory pricing, bundling, and exclusionary contracts.The court ordered Microsoft to be broken up into two companies: one that would hold Microsoft's operating system business and another that would hold its applications business. The court also imposed otherrestrictions on Microsoft's conduct, such as requiring the company to license its operating system to other manufacturers on non-discriminatory terms and prohibiting the company from bundling its applications with its operating system.Rationale:The court's reasoning was based on the following:1. The court found that Microsoft held a dominant position in the market for personal computer operating systems, with a market share of over 90%.2. The court found that Microsoft had engaged in predatory pricing by selling Windows at below-cost prices, which was likely to deter entry into the market by potential competitors.3. The court found that Microsoft had engaged in bundling by requiring computer manufacturers to pre-install Internet Explorer with Windows, which made it more difficult for competitors to compete in the browser market.4. The court found that Microsoft had engaged in exclusionary contracts by requiring computer manufacturers to agree not to sell computers with non-Microsoft operating systems or browsers, which was likely to deter entry into the market by potential competitors.Analysis:The Microsoft case has had a significant impact on the technology industry and antitrust law. The case has been criticized for its potential to stifle innovation and for the complexity of the remedies imposed by the court. However, the case has also been praised for its thorough analysis of the antitrust laws and its contribution to the development of antitrust law in the technology industry.The case has also raised important questions about the appropriate standard for determining whether a company has engaged inanticompetitive conduct. The court's decision to break up Microsoft into two companies has been controversial, with some arguing that the remedy was too harsh and others arguing that it was necessary to prevent Microsoft from engaging in further anticompetitive conduct.Additional Key Points:1. Appellate Review: Microsoft appealed the District Court's decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. In 2001, the appellate court upheld the District Court's finding of liability but remanded the case for reconsideration of the remedy. The appellate court concluded that the District Court's remedy was too harsh and that the appropriate remedy was to impose structural and behavioral restrictions on Microsoft, rather than breaking the company up.2. Supreme Court Review: Microsoft further appealed the case to the Supreme Court, which denied certiorari, leaving the appellate court's decision in place.3. Enforcement: Despite the appellate court's decision, the United States Department of Justice continued to enforce the antitrust settlement against Microsoft. In 2002, the DOJ filed a lawsuit against Microsoft, alleging that the company had violated the antitrust settlement. The case was settled in 2004, with Microsoft agreeing to comply with a set of antitrust compliance measures.Conclusion:The Microsoft case is a significant precedent in antitrust law and has had a lasting impact on the technology industry. The case highlights the complexities of antitrust law and the challenges of applying antitrust principles to the rapidly evolving technology sector. It also serves as a reminder of the importance of ensuring that competition remains robust in markets that are essential to the functioning of the economy.第2篇Case Name: U.S. v. John DoeCourt: United States District Court for the Southern District of New YorkYear: 2020Facts:In the present case, John Doe, a resident of New York City, was charged with conspiracy to commit securities fraud, wire fraud, and money laundering in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 371, 15 U.S.C. § 78j(b), 15U.S.C. § 78ff, and 18 U.S.C. § 1956(a)(1)(B)(i). The indictment alleged that Doe, along with several co-conspirators, engaged in a scheme to defraud investors in a series of high-tech startups.According to the indictment, Doe and his co-conspirators made numerous false and misleading statements about the financial condition, business prospects, and operational results of the startups. They also utilized wire communications to transmit fraudulent information to potential investors. Additionally, the indictment charged Doe with laundering the proceeds of the fraud through various shell corporations and offshore accounts.The government presented evidence at trial, including testimony from several witnesses, financial records, and electronic communications between Doe and his co-conspirators. The defense argued that Doe was unaware of the fraudulent nature of the scheme and that he believed in the viability of the startups.Discussion of Legal Issues:1. Conspiracy to Commit Securities Fraud:The central issue in this case was whether Doe had the requisite intent to commit securities fraud. The defense argued that Doe's actions were merely innocent misjudgments and that he had no knowledge of the fraudulent scheme. The government, on the other hand, maintained that Doe was fully aware of the fraudulent nature of the scheme and actively participated in it.Under 18 U.S.C. § 371, conspiracy requires an agreement between two or more persons to commit a federal offense, an overt act in furtherance of the conspiracy, and an intent to commit the offense. The jury was instructed on the elements of conspiracy and was asked to determine whether Doe had the intent to commit securities fraud.The jury found Doe guilty of conspiracy to commit securities fraud based on the evidence presented at trial. The court held that the evidence was sufficient to establish Doe's knowledge of the fraudulent scheme and his intent to participate in it.2. Wire Fraud:The government also charged Doe with wire fraud under 18 U.S.C. § 1343. Wire fraud requires a scheme to defraud, deceit, or misrepresentation, and the use of a wire communication in furtherance of the scheme. The defense argued that Doe did not have the intent to defraud and that his statements were merely innocent.The jury found Doe guilty of wire fraud based on the evidence presented at trial. The court held that the evidence was sufficient to establish Doe's intent to defraud and his use of wire communications to furtherthe fraudulent scheme.3. Money Laundering:Doe was also charged with money laundering under 18 U.S.C. §1956(a)(1)(B)(i). Money laundering requires the transportation, transmission, or transfer of funds derived from unlawful activity, and the concealment, disguise, or alteration of the nature, source, location,disposition, or ownership of those funds. The defense argued that Doe was unaware of the unlawful nature of the funds he was transferring.The jury found Doe guilty of money laundering based on the evidence presented at trial. The court held that the evidence was sufficient to establish Doe's knowledge of the unlawful nature of the funds and his intent to conceal those funds.Judgment and Sentence:The court sentenced Doe to a term of imprisonment of 72 months, followed by three years of supervised release. The court also ordered Doe to pay restitution to the victims of the fraud in the amount of $1 million.Conclusion:The case of U.S. v. John Doe highlights the complexities of securities fraud and money laundering cases. The jury's determination of Doe'sguilt was based on a careful examination of the evidence presented at trial, including the nature of the fraudulent scheme, Doe's role in it, and his intent. The case serves as a reminder of the serious consequences of engaging in fraudulent activities and the importance of enforcing laws against securities fraud and money laundering.Additional Notes:1. This case analysis is a fictional example and does not represent any actual case.2. The legal issues discussed in this case are based on the relevant statutes and case law at the time of the fictional case.3. The sentences and judgments in the case are also fictional and are provided for illustrative purposes only.第3篇IntroductionThe case of Johnson v. Smith is a seminal case in the field of torts law in the United States. This legal dispute revolves around the principlesof negligence and the duty of care owed by one person to another. The case has been widely cited and has significantly influenced the development of tort law in the United States. This analysis will delve into the facts of the case, the court's reasoning, and the broader implications of the judgment for tort law.Facts of the CaseIn Johnson v. Smith, the plaintiff, Johnson, was a pedestrian who was struck by a car driven by the defendant, Smith. The accident occurred when Smith was driving his car at an excessive speed through a residential neighborhood. Johnson was injured as a result of the collision and subsequently filed a lawsuit against Smith for negligence.The issue at the heart of the case was whether Smith owed a duty of care to Johnson and whether he breached that duty by driving at an excessive speed through a residential area. Johnson argued that Smith's actions were negligent and that he was entitled to damages for his injuries.Court's ReasoningThe court, in its decision, began by examining the duty of care that Smith owed to Johnson. The court held that, as a driver, Smith had a duty to exercise reasonable care to avoid causing harm to others. The court further stated that this duty of care extended to pedestrians, who are legally considered to be vulnerable road users.The court then turned to the issue of whether Smith had breached his duty of care. The court found that Smith's actions in driving at an excessive speed through a residential area were indeed negligent. The court reasoned that a reasonable person would have recognized the risk of harm to pedestrians and would have taken appropriate measures to avoid such harm.Having established that Smith was negligent, the court next considered whether Johnson's injuries were the result of Smith's negligence. The court found that there was a direct causal link between Smith's negligent driving and Johnson's injuries. Therefore, the court concluded that Smith was liable for the damages suffered by Johnson.AnalysisThe case of Johnson v. Smith is significant for several reasons. Firstly, it underscores the importance of the duty of care in tort law. The duty of care is a fundamental principle that underpins the law of negligence. The court's decision in this case clarifies that drivers owe a duty of care to pedestrians and that this duty extends to taking reasonable precautions to avoid harm.Secondly, the case emphasizes the concept of reasonable care. Thecourt's reasoning in finding Smith negligent was based on the fact that he failed to exercise reasonable care by driving at an excessive speedin a residential area. This decision sets a precedent for whatconstitutes reasonable care in similar situations and helps to clarify the standard by which negligence is judged.Thirdly, the case highlights the importance of causation in tort law. The court's finding that there was a direct causal link between Smith's negligence and Johnson's injuries is crucial to the determination of liability. This aspect of the case serves as a reminder that, for a plaintiff to succeed in a negligence claim, they must establish thattheir injuries were caused by the defendant's negligent conduct.Broader ImplicationsThe decision in Johnson v. Smith has had a significant impact on tortlaw in the United States. The case has been cited in countless subsequent cases and has helped to shape the development of tort law in several key areas:1. Duty of Care: The case has reinforced the principle that drivers owea duty of care to pedestrians and that this duty extends to taking reasonable precautions to avoid harm.2. Reasonable Care: The case has provided guidance on what constitutes reasonable care in the context of driving and has helped to clarify the standard by which negligence is judged.3. Causation: The case has emphasized the importance of establishing a direct causal link between the defendant's negligence and theplaintiff's injuries in a negligence claim.ConclusionThe case of Johnson v. Smith is a significant contribution to the field of torts law in the United States. The decision has clarified the duty of care owed by drivers to pedestrians, the standard of reasonable care, and the importance of causation in negligence claims. By analyzing the facts, reasoning, and broader implications of the case, this analysis has provided a comprehensive understanding of the legal principles at play and their impact on tort law.。
最新高级英语2第三版课后paraphrase原文及答案清晰版资料
Lesson 11．And it is an activity only of humans.And it is a human unique activity．2．Conversation is not for making a point.Conversation is not to convince others．3．In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to be lose.In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are willing to be lose.4.Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives. Bar friends are not deeply concerned with each other’s private lives.5....it could still go ignorantly on...The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong．6. There are cattle in the field, but we sit down to beef.These animals are called cattle in English, when they are alive and feeding in the fields；but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meat beef in French．7. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language.The new ruling class had caused the cultural contradictions between the ruling class and native English by regarding French superior to English.8.English had come royally into its own.English had gained recognition by the King．9．The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes. The phrase, the king’s English has always been used disrespectfully and made fun by the lower classes.10. The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there. There is still opposition to cultural monopoly.11. There is always a great danger that “words will harden into things for us”We tend to make the mistake that we regard the things as they represent.12. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation. Even the most educated andliterated people will not always usethe formal English in theirconversation．Lesson 21. The burying--ground is merelya huge waste of hummocky earth,like a derelict building-lot.The burying-ground is just a hugepiece of wasteland full of moundsof earth, looking like a desertedconstruction land.2.All colonial empires are inreality founded upon that fact.All colonial empires are built byexploiting the local people.3. They rise out of the earth, theysweat and starve for a few years,and then they sink back into thenameless mounds of thegraveyard.They are born. Then they work hardwithout enough food for a fewyears. Finally they die and areburied in the hills graves withoutany mark to identify them.4. A carpenter sits crosslegged ata prehistoric lathe, turningchair-legs at lighting speed.A carpenter sits crossing his legs atan old-fashioned lathe, makinground chair-legs very fast.5. Instantly, from the dark holesall round, there was a frenziedrush of Jews.Immediately, Jews rushed out oftheir dark hole-like rooms nearbyin a frenzy madness.6.every one of them looks on acigarette as a more or lessimpossible luxury.Every one of these Jews considersthe cigarette as a somewhat pieceof luxury which they can notpossibly afford.7. Still, a white skin is alwaysfairly conspicuous.However, a white-skinnedEuropean is easy to notice in a fairway.8. In a tropical landscape one’seye takes in everything exceptthe human being.Against the background of atropical landscape, people couldnotice everything but they cannotsee local people.9. No one would think of runningcheap trips to the DistressedAreasNo one would propose the cheaptrips to the slums．10．...for nine-tenths of thepeople the reality of life is anendless, back-breaking struggleto wring a little food out of aneroded soil.The real life of nine-tenths of thepeople is that there is no end totheir extremely hard work in orderto get a little food from an erodedsoil．11. She accepted her status as anold woman, that is to say as abeast of burden.She took it for granted that as anold woman she should work like ananimal．12.People with brown skins arenext door to invisible.People who have brown skins arealmost invisible．13. Their splendid bodies werehidden in reach-me-down khakiuniforms...The soldiers wore second—handkhaki uniforms which covered theirbeautiful well—built bodies．14. How long before they turntheir guns in the other direction?How long will it take for them toattack us?15. Every white man there hadthis thought stowed somewhereor other in his mind.It is certain that every white manrealized this.Lesson31.And yet the same revolutionarybelief for which our forebearsfought is still at issue around theglobe...And yet the same revolutionarybelief which is the aim of ourancestors is still in dispute aroundthe world.2. This much we pledge--andmore.This much we promise to do andwe promise to do more.3. United, there is little we cannotdo in a host of cooperativeventures.If we are united, there is almostnothing we can not do through alot of cooperation.4. But this peaceful revolution ofhope cannot become the prey ofhostile powers.But this peaceful revolution whichcan bring hope in a peaceful waycan not fall victims to enemycountry.5. .... Our last best hope in an agewhere the instruments of warhave far outpaced theinstruments of pace...The United Nations is our last andbest hope in the era where meansof launching war have far精品文档surpassed means of keeping peace.6. ...to enlarge the area in which its writ may run...to increase the area where the UN’s written documents may be effective.7....before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction... before the evil atom weapon made possible by science destroy all human beings in a planned way or by accident.8...yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind’s final war...However both trying to change that unstable balance of weapons and this balance of weapons could prevent human beings from launching their final war.9. So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness... So let us begin once again to realize that politeness does not mean weakness.10. Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.I suggest both sides try to use science to make wonders for human beings rather than terrors.11. ...each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty.There are Americans from every generation who answer the call of the country to prove their loyalty to the country.12. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love... Our certain reward is our good conscience and history will judge our deeds, therefore, let us try to be pioneers in building our beloved country.Unit51.The slighted mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to themiddle-aged...At the very mention of this postwar period ,middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly.2.The rejection of Victorian gentility was , in anycase ,inevitable .In any case,an American could not avoid casting aside middle-class respectability and affectedrefinement.3.The war acted merely as acatalytic agent in this breakdownof the Victorian social structure...The war only helped to speed upthe breakdown of the Victoriansocial structure.4...it was tempted ,in America atleast, to escape itsresponsibilities and retreatbehind an air of naughty alcoholicsophistication...In America at least,the youngpeople were strongly inclined toshirk their responsibilities. Theypretended to be worldly-wise,drinking and behaving naughtily.5.Prohibition afforded the youngthe additional opportunity ofmaking their pleasures illicit...The young found greater pleasurein drinking because Prohibition, bymaking drinking unlawful,added asense of adventure.6...our young men began to enlistunder foreign flags.Our young men joined the armiesof foreign countries to fight in thewar.7....they “wanted to get into thefun before the whole thingturned belly up.”The young wanted to take part inthe glorious adventure before thewhole ended.8...they had outgrown towns andfamilies...These young people could nolonger adapt themselves to lives intheir hometowns or their families.9..the returning veteran also hadto face the sodden,Napoleoniccynicism of Versailles,thehypocritical do-goodism ofProhibition...The returning veteran also had toface the stupid cynicism of thevictorious allies in Versailles whoacted as cynically as Napoleondid,and to face Prohibition whichthe lawmakers hypocriticallyassumed would do good to thepeople.10.Something in thetension-ridden youth of Americahad to “give”...(Under all this force andpressure)something in the youth ofAmerica,who were already verytense ,had to break down.11....it was only natural thathopeful young writers , theirminds and pens inflamed againstwar, Babbittry, and “Puritanical”gentility, should flock to thetraditional artistic center...It was only natural that hopefulyoung writers ,whose minds andwritings were full of violent angeragainst war, Babbittry,and“Puritanical”gentility,shouldcome in largen numbers to live inGreenwich Village, the traditionalartistic center.12.Each town had its “fast”setwhich prided itself on itself on itsunconventionality...Each town was proud that it had agroup of wild ,reckless people,wholived unconventional lives.Unit71.With a clamor of bells that setthe swallows soaring, the Festival of Summer came to the city Omelas.The loud ringing of the bells, which sent the frightened swallows flying high, marked the beginning of the Festival of Summer in Omelas.2. ..Their high calls rising like theswallows’ crossing flights over the music and singsing.The shouting of the children couldbe heard clearly above the music and singing like the calls of the swallows flying by overhead.3. ..Exercised their restive horsesbefore the race.The riders were putting the horsesthrough some exercises because the horses were eager to startand stubbornly resisting the control of the riders.4. Given a description such as this one tends to make certain assumptions.After reading the above description the reader is likely to assume certain things.5. This is the treason of artist: a refusal to admit the banality of evil and the terrible boredom of pain.An artist betrays his trust when hedoes not admit that evil is nothingfresh nor novel and pain is very dull and uninteresting.6. They were nature, intelligent,passionate adults whose lives were not wretched.They were fully developed and intelligent grown-up people full of intense feelings and they were not miserable people.7. Perhaps it would be best if youimagined it as your own fancy bids, assuming it will rise to the occasion.精品文档Perhaps it would be best if the rea der pictures Omelas to himself as his imagination tells him, assuming his imagination will be equal to the task.8. The faint insistent sweetness of drooz may perfume the way of the city.The faint but compelling sweet sce nt of the drug drooz may fill the st reets of the city.9. Perhaps it was born defective, or perhaps it has become imbecil e through fear, malnutrition and neglect.Perhaps the child was mentally ret arded because it was born so or pe rhaps it has become very foolish a nd stupid because of fear, poor no urishment and neglect.10. Its habits are too uncouth for it to respond to humane treatm ent.The habits of the child are so crud e and uncultured that it will show no sign of improvement even if it i s treated kindly and tenderly. 11. Their tears at the bitter injust ice dry when they begin to perce ive the terrible justice of reality, and to accept it.They shed tears when they see ho w terribly unjust they have been to the child, but these tearsdry up w hen they realize how just and fair t hough terrible reality was.Unit81.....below the noisy arguments , the abuse and the quarrels , there is a reservoir of instinctive fellow-feeling...The English people may hotly argue and abuse and quarrel with each other , but there still exists a lot of natural sympathetic feelings for each other in their hearts. 2....at heart they would like to take a whip to the whole idle troublesome mob of them. What the wealthy employers would really like to do is to whip all the workers whom they regard as lazy and troublesome.3...there are not many of these men , either on the board or the shop floor...There are not many snarling shop stewards in the workshop,nor are there many cruel wealthy employers on the board of directors.4.It demands bigness ,and they are suspicious of bigness.The contemporary world demands that everything should be done ona big scale and the English do nottrust bigness.5.Against this , at leastsuperficially ,Englishness seems apoor shadowy show...At least on the surface ,whenEnglishness is put against thepower and success of Admass ,Englishness seems to put up arather poor performance.6....while Englishness is nothostile to change,it is deeplysuspicious of change for change’s sake...Englishness is not against change,but it believes that changing justfor change’s sake and not otheruseful purposes is very wrong andharmful.7.To put cars and motorwaysbefore houses seems toEnglishness a communalimbecility.To regard cars and motorways asmore important than housesseems to Englishness a publicstupidity.8.I must add that whileEnglishness can still fighton ,Admass could be winning.I must further say that whileEnglishness can go on fighting,there is a great possibility forAdmass to win.9.It must have some moralcapital to draw upon,and soon itmay be asking for an overdraft.Englishness draws its strength froma reservoir of strong moral andethical principles ,and soon it maybe asking for strength which thisreservoir of principles cannotprovide.10.They probably believe ,as I do ,that the Admass”Good Life”is afraud on all counts.There people probably believe ,as Ido,that the “Good Life”promisedby Admass is false and dishonest inall respects.11...he will not even find muchsatisfaction in this scroungingmessy existence, which doesnothing for a man’s self-respect.He will not even find muchsatisfaction in this untidy anddisordered life where he managesto live as a parasite by sponging onpeople. This kind of life does nothelp a person to build up anyself-respect.12.To them the House ofCommons is a remotesquabbling-shop.These people consider the Houseof Commons as a place rather faraway from them where somepeople are always quarreling andarguing over some small matters.13...heavy hands can fall on theshoulders that have beenshrugging away politics.They were very wrong to ignorepolitics for they can now suddenlyand for no reason be arrested andthrown into prison.Unit101. It is a complex fate to be an American.The fate of an American is complicated and hard to understand.2...they were no more at home inEurope than I was.They were uneasy and uncomfortable in Europe as I was.3...we were both searching for our separate identities.They were all trying to find their own special individualities.4. I do not think that could havemade this reconciliation here.I don't think I could have acceptedin America my Negro status without feeling ashamed.5...it is easier to cut across socialand occupational lines there thanit is here.It is easier in Europe for people ofdifferent social groups and occupations to intermingle and have social intercourse.6. A man can be as proud of being a good waiter as of being a good actor, and in neither case feelthreatened. In Europe a good waiter and a good actor are equally proud of their social status and position. They are not jealous of each other and do not live in fear of losing their position.7. I was born in New York, but have lived only in pockets of it.I was born in New York but have lived only in some small areas of thecity.8. This reassessment, which canbe very painful, is also very valuable.The reconsideration of the significance and importance of many things that one had taken for granted in the past can be very painful, though very valuable.9. On this acceptance, literally, the life of a writer depends.The life of a writer really depends o精品文档n his accepting the fact that no ma tter where he goes or what he doe s he will always carry the marks of his origins.10. American writers do not havea fixed society to describe. American writers live in a mobile s ociety where nothing is fixed, so th ey do not have a fixed society to d escribe.11..Every society is really governed by hidden laws, by unspoken b ut profound assumptions on the part of the people.Every society is influenced and d irected by hidden laws, and by many things deeply felt and taken for granted by the people, th ough not openly spoken about.精品文档。
(最新整理)体验商务英语综合教程3Unit2Brands
4 As a _b__r_a_n_d__m__a_n_a__g_e_r__, John will take full responsibility of setting the direction for the brand’s position in the market
• 2.place: customer group or segment/ how products positioned/rivals
• 3. price: profit margin/ discount/ price war
• 4. Promotion: outlet/ distribution channel/
brand manager
brand image
1 Levis, which has been established for over 100 years and is world-famous, is a _____________.
2 The aim of the advertising campaign is to enhance _____________ so that consumers become more familiar with our coffee products.
consumers have about a brand 6 The tendency of a customer to
continue buying a particular product 7 Using a successful brand name to
DUAL 户外 室内 3方动态扬声器 LU43PB W - LU53PB W 安装 使用者手册说明书
INSTALLATION/OWNER’S MANUAL Indoor/Outdoor 3-Way Dynamic LoudspeakersLU43P B/W - LU53P B/W2LU43P-LU53P INTRODUCTIONIntroductionThe DUAL outdoor speaker series is designed as a multi-purpose speaker and will deliver accurate high fidelity sound in exterior or interior environments. Weather-resistant design and construction provide optimum durability for permanent or temporary outdoor use. Both models are available in blackor white.For simplicity, we will call your AV receiver or amplifierthe “receiver.”The grilles are not designed or intended to be removed. Donot remove the grilles from your speakers. There are no user-serviceable parts behind the grille and removal will damage the speaker.You must have proof of purchase to receive warranty service.Please keep your original sales receipt and be prepared to provide this receipt in the event you require service, as your original receipt is considered the best proof of purchase and indicates the date you purchased your Dual product.ModelDealer NameDealer PhonePurchase DateNote: You may want to keep your original sales receipt or a photo copy with this installation/owner’s manual.Introduction Important Warranty CoverageFor Your RecordsRecommended minimum distance between speakers(6’10”)3LU43P-LU53P PLACEMENTSpeaker PlacementIf mounting is desired, mounting both speakers on acommon solid surface facing the listening area will provide the best audio results.Do NOT mount speakers on wall surfaces that have hazards concealed behind them, such as electrical wires orplumbing. Always mount speaker on surfaces that aresturdy enough to support the speakers’ weight, and make sure they cannot fall or cause injury.Your speakers can be placed in many convenient locations in your home or patio area - as stereo pairs on either side of your receiver - as surround speakers in home theatersurround sound systems - in your computer room toenhance the multimedia experience - or as remotespeakers.For wall and ceiling applications, DUAL mounting brackets are included. In addition, the LU43 has a rear inset keyhole for surface hanging, and the larger LU53 has two 1/4-20brass inserts incorporated into the rear of the enclosure if aftermarket mounting systems will be used.You should experiment with various placements. Roomacoustics can produce large apparent differences in thesound when small changes in the placement are employed.For example, although the speaker may be located at any height above the floor, directing the tweeter toward ear level (32" – 36") or angling the entire speaker toward the listening position often provides the most realistic imagingexperience. The amount of bass perceived increases as you move a speaker closer to solid intersecting room surfaces (walls, ceiling, floor).Mounting Placement Speaker Placement Wall and Ceiling Placement Experiment for BetterSoundMounting Your SpeakersLU43PLU43P-LU53P CONNECTION & TROUBLESHOOTING7LU43P-LU53P SPECIFICATIONSSpecificationsModel LU43PFrequency Response 100 Hz-20kHzWoofer4" (100mm) Polyelite PVA SurroundMidrange 40mm polypropyleneTweeter 20mm Piezo DomeSensitivity 85.5 dB (2.83v @ 1 meter)Nominal Impedance 4-6 ohmsPower Handling* 50 watts RMS - 100 watts (IPP)Dimensions (Inches H x W x D) 8.25 x 5.25 x 5.25Weight 2.8 lbs.Finish Black or WhiteModel LU53PFrequency Response 70 Hz-20kHzWoofer 5 1/4" (130mm) Rubber SurroundMidrange 25mm polypropyleneTweeter 20mm Piezo DomeSensitivity 87dB (2.83v @ 1 meter)Nominal Impedance 6-8 ohmsPower Handling* 60 watts RMS - 125 watts (IPP)Dimensions (Inches H x W x D) 10.13 x 7.25 x 7.25Weight 4.4 lbs.Finish Black or White*Power handling is based on amplifier volume never being set above the point of audible distortion.All Rights Reserved. All specifications subject to change without notice.SpecificationsLimited One Year Warranty This warranty gives you specific legal rights.You may also have other rights which vary fromstate to state.Dual Electronics Corp. warrants this product tothe original purchaser to be free from defects inmaterial and workmanship for a period of oneyear from the date of the original purchase.Dual Electronics Corp. agrees, at our option,during the warranty period, to repair any defectin material or workmanship or to furnish anequal new, renewed or comparable product(whichever is deemed necessary) in exchangewithout charges, subject to verification of thedefect or malfunction and proof of the date ofpurchase. Subsequent replacement productsare warranted for the balance of the originalwarranty period.Who is covered? This warranty is extended tothe original retail purchaser for productspurchased and used in the U.S.A.What is covered? This warranty covers alldefects in material and workmanship in thisproduct. The following are not covered:installation/removal costs, damage resultingfrom accident, misuse, abuse, neglect, productmodification, improper installation, incorrectline voltage, unauthorized repair or failure tofollow instructions supplied with the product,or damage occurring during return shipment ofthe product. What to do?1.Before you call for service, check the troubleshooting guide in your owner’s manual. A slight adjustment of any custom controls or connections discussed in your instruction booklet may save you a service call.2.If you require service during the warranty period, you must carefully pack the product (preferably in the original package) and ship it by prepaid transportation with a copy of the original receipt from the retailer to an authorized service center.3.Please describe your problem in writing and include your name, a USA return shipping address (P.O. Box not acceptable), and a daytime phone number with your shipment.4.For more information and for the location of the nearest authorized service center please contact us by one of the following methods:• Call us toll-free at 1-866-382-5476•***********************Exclusion of Certain Damages: This warranty is exclusive and in lieu of any and all other warranties, expressed or implied, including without limitation the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose and any obligation, liability, right, claim or remedy in contract or tort, whetheror not arising from the company’s negligence,actual or imputed. No person or representativeis authorized to assume for the company anyother liability in connection with the sale ofthis product. In no event shall the company beliable for indirect, incidental or consequential Dual Electronics Corp.Toll Free: 1-866-382-54769AM-5PM EST, Monday-Friday©2016Dual Electronics Corp. All rights reserved.NSA 0817-V02Printed in China。
fitbit inspire 3 用户手册说明书
用户手册版本 1.3目录开始 (6)包装盒内容 (6)为智能设备充电 (6)设置Inspire 3 (8)在 Fitbit 应用程序上查看您的数据 (8)解锁 Fitbit Premium (9)佩戴 Inspire 3 (10)全天候佩戴和锻炼时佩戴 (10)用手习惯 (11)将 Inspire 3 置于配夹中 (11)佩戴配夹 (12)佩戴与保养技巧 (13)更换腕带 (13)移除腕带 (13)安装腕带 (14)基础信息 (15)操作 Inspire 3 (15)基本浏览指南 (15)快速设置 (16)调整设置 (18)显示设置 (18)安静模式 (19)其他设置 (19)检查电池电量 (20)调整屏幕常亮 (20)关闭屏幕 (21)钟面和应用程序 (22)更改钟面 (22)打开应用程序 (22)寻找手机 (23)来自手机的通知 (24)2设置通知 (24)查看收到的通知 (24)管理通知 (25)关闭通知 (25)接听或拒绝来电 (26)回复消息（Android 手机） (27)计时功能 (28)设置闹钟 (28)关闭或延后闹钟 (28)使用计时器或秒表 (29)活动和健康 (30)查看您的统计数据 (30)追踪每日活动目标 (30)选择目标 (31)追踪每小时的活动 (31)追踪您的睡眠 (31)设定睡眠目标 (32)了解您的长期睡眠习惯 (32)了解您的睡眠习惯 (32)管理压力 (32)练习引导式呼吸 (32)查看您的压力管理分数 (33)高级健康指标 (33)锻炼和心脏健康 (34)自动追踪您的锻炼 (34)使用“锻炼”应用程序追踪和分析锻炼 (34)GPS 要求 (34)自定义您的锻炼设置 (35)检查您的锻炼汇总信息 (37)查看您的心率 (37)默认心率区间 (37)自定义心率区间 (38)获得活跃区间分钟数 (38)接收心率通知 (39)查看您的每日准备状态分数 (40)3查看您的心肺有氧健康指数 (40)分享您的活动 (41)更新、重启和清除 (42)更新 Inspire 3 (42)重启 Inspire 3 (42)清除 Inspire 3 (43)故障排除 (44)心率信号丢失 (44)GPS 信号丢失 (44)其他问题 (45)通用信息和规格 (46)传感器与组件 (46)材料 (46)无线技术 (46)触觉反馈 (46)电池 (46)内存 (46)显示屏 (47)腕带尺寸 (47)环境条件 (47)了解更多 (47)退货政策和保修 (47)Regulatory and Safety Notices (48)USA: Federal Communications Commission (FCC) statement (48)Canada: Industry Canada (IC) atement (49)European Union (EU) (50)Argentina (52)Australia and New Zealand (52)Ghana (52)Indonesia (52)Israel (52)Japan (53)Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (53)Malaysia (53)Mexico (53)4Morocco (54)Nigeria (54)Oman (54)Paraguay (54)Philippines (55)Serbia (55)Singapore (55)South Korea (55)Taiwan (56)Thailand (59)United Arab Emirates (59)United Kingdom (60)About the Battery (60)IP Rating (61)Safety Statement (61)Regulatory Markings (61)56开始了解 Fitbit Inspire 3——这是一款帮助您寻获活力、享受自己的兴趣并改善健康的智能设备。
pocket 3的格式
pocket 3的格式
Pocket 3是一款由Razer推出的便携式游戏主机。
它采用了一
种独特的设计，可以将其折叠成一个紧凑的尺寸，方便携带。
在外
观上，Pocket 3采用了经典的黑色设计，配备了一块触摸屏和丰富
的物理按键，包括游戏手柄和控制按钮。
在功能方面，Pocket 3支
持多种游戏格式，包括3D游戏、VR游戏等，具有强大的处理性能
和图形性能，可以满足玩家对高品质游戏体验的需求。
除了游戏功能外，Pocket 3还具有多媒体功能，可以用于观看
视频、浏览网页等。
它还支持无线连接和蓝牙功能，可以连接外部
设备，扩展其功能。
同时，Pocket 3还内置了一定容量的存储空间，可以存储游戏、应用和媒体文件。
在操作系统方面，Pocket 3采用了定制的操作系统，针对游戏
和娱乐功能进行了优化，提供了流畅的操作体验和丰富的应用支持。
总的来说，Pocket 3是一款功能强大、便携轻便的游戏主机，适合
喜欢游戏和娱乐的用户携带和使用。
新编英语教程第三版6单词
UNIT ONE[Words and expressions]Insight: capacity of gaining a deep instinctive understanding of a situation Sermon: religious teachingWintry: of winter; coldFall through: fail to be successfully completed; come to nothingProspect: something one expects to happenProspects: opportunitiesFrown: vi 皱眉；皱眉表示不悦Invariable: never changingEminent: famous and respected within a particular profession.Checker: little squareChew the cud: think over, careful contemplation 反刍；仔细想Cud：反刍之食物；倒嚼之食物Hindsight: n. 事后聪明Muffle:(1)（用东西蒙住或包扎住）使声音降低(2) 裹；覆盖；围住Gnome: a small little manCaseload: all the people a doctor is responsible for at one time （医务工作者、社会工作者）的工作量Melancholy: adj. Sad; gloomy; depressedIndestructible: strong, can’t be destroyedPerceptiveness: unusual ability to notice and understand 洞察能力At some length：in some detailAt length：at lastDenominator: a mathematic term; here, the common characteristics Perspective: way of observing a subjectProceed to do: begin to doBerate: scold; criticize angrilyWoeful: sorrowful; miserable; pitifulLament: bemoan; feel regretful; feel or express deep sorrowPerverse streak: obstinate qualityStreak：a part of a person’s character, especially an unpleasant partRuthless streak 冷酷的性格Vicious streak 邪恶的性格Mean streak 卑鄙的性格Hash over one’s mistakes: bring up the old mistakes again for consideration Ruefully: regretfullyDrag: sl. A boring thing; nuisanceHere in this context: sth that retards motion, action or advancementGrim: depressing；unpleasantWindowpane: window glassPane: a piece of glassCruising: traveling at a steady speedSly: cunningAbsurd: sth that is absurd looks ridiculousIn full stride坦然自若地Perceptible: can be felt in mindClick: a short hard sound (used figuratively), meaning “reminder”, “urge of encouragement”Immortality: never-ending life or endless fameImmortal: not mortalMortal: can not live forever; must dieUNIT TWO[Words and expressions]Exhort: advise sb earnestly; urge sb to doEarl: title of a British ranking between a marquis and a viscountFive titles of nobleman：Duke 公爵Marquise 侯爵Earl 伯爵Viscount 子爵Baron 男爵Get around to doing sth: find the time to do sth. 抽时间做某事Worthies（通常用复数）：important people；VIPCool one’s heels：have sb wait for a long timeAnteroom: waiting roomAttest to：show/ prove/ demonstrate that sth is trueDub: give sb a nickname, often in a humorous way 起绰号Cunctator: delayerVinum break: wine breakVinum: Latin word for wine.Tea breakCoffee breakPlead: give as an excuse 提出…为借口Rationalize：make…sound reasonableJehovah: God in the Old Testament 耶和华Edict: a firm, authoritative order 命令；法令Procrastination: delay; postponeDo-it-nower: one who never delaysMortgage: a loan of money one gets from a bank in order to buy a house 房屋抵押款Ungodly: (informal use) this word is used to describe sth that seems unreasonable to you and therefore is annoying.The apocalyptic voice of Diners threatens doom from Denver: a menacing orderfrom Denver, the credit card company, so threatening an order that incurs trouble and catastrophe to those who haven’t paid their credit-card bills. Apocalyptic: threatening; menacing.This word is derived from Apocalypse (《启示录》) from the New Testament. It predicts the coming of disaster, and the coming of Jesus.Doom: catastropheDiners: the Diners’ Club, which introduced, in 1950, the first credit card which could be used at different establishments.Denver: the head office of the Diners credit cardIncur：give rise toInspire: cause; encourageRevive: regenerate; bring backCunctator: delayerMonopoly: complete control; domination 垄断Proconsul：（古罗马）总督Ruminate: think deeply; meditate; ponderBlessedly：fortunately；gloriouslyLoot：steal or take things by force; robAttorney: lawyerChronic: habitual 积习难改的；长期的Echelon: levelAddicted入迷的；热衷的Breed：causeFortify: support or strengthenSmother: cover thicklyReappraisal: action of re-examining sth; re-evaluationStud: decorate a surface with many studs, precious stonesChurn out: mass produceAssi d uous：determined; persistentShrink: psychiatrist 心理医生Subliminal: being perceived or affecting the mind without being aware of it; unconsciousDeliberation: slowness of movement;Mellow: become ripeAssassin: killerDevour: eat sth. hungrilyUNIT THREEPlay God：perform the duties or functions of God 充当上帝；尽上帝之责任Fatted calf: 养肥的小牛Vulture: 兀鹫Pick at: get small amount to eat；eat like a birdResuscitate: make sb become conscious again; revive 使恢复知觉；使苏醒Macho: behaving in an aggressively masculine way 大男子气概的；粗野的Scheme of things：the things in which people want things to be organized 安排的格局；计划安排Bowel: 肠Bladder膀胱Haggard：having a tired expression because of illness and bad sleep憔悴的Beaten: depressed；frustrated沮丧的Saliva：唾液Drool：淌口水(saliva) coming out without being able to stop it.Irrigate：冲洗Crater: big holeBedsore: 褥疮Feces：粪便；排泄物Scrub：rub hard in order to clean 用力擦洗Upholstery: 软垫Agonized：极度痛苦的Be liable for negligence: 易于失职；易于玩忽职守Liable: likely to happenLucid: being able to think clearly 头脑清楚的Crumble: fall; become weakmedication: medicinemoaning: low and miserable cryinfuse … with注入sense of humility: 谦恭感impotence: state of being weak;illusion: 幻想salvation拯救meddle in: interfere withhaunt: frustrateriddle: plague; frustratemutter: speak very quietlya clutch of: a large amount of;band: bind round tightly 紧紧勒住pallor：pale colorUNIT FOURPainfully: the author feels pain when touching upon this issueTake liberties with sth.: treat freely without caring about…Nourish the society: provide for and support the society; sustain the society Outlaw: adj. illegaln. a criminalv. made illegal: The use of poison gas is outlawed.Outlaw litter: unlawful strewing a place with rubbishElicit: illegalElicit noise: very loud noise that is not permittedAnarchy: disorder; confusion(Represent) the wave of the future: (be)the normal way of behavior in the future Motorized anarchy: disorder or chaos created by motoristsTake to doing sth.: form the habit of doing sth.; like doing sth.Blithely: happilyDereliction: misdeeds; less serious illegal behaviorAs a matter of course: as sth. naturalEthic: moral belief that influences the behavior, attitudes, and philosophy of life 道德规范；伦理标准Cf.Ethics: pl. moral beliefs and rules about right and wrongethnic 种族的Abound v. there are large numbers ofGraffiti: drawings, words, pictures drawn on the walls in public places 涂鸦Be exempt from: be free from; not affected or bound by …;not restricted; not controlledlitter bugs: those who leave waste materials, or garbage everywherebug: (slang)a person who has great enthusiasm for sth.Flurry: sudden burst of intense activityOrdinances: rules and regulationsDecibel: unit to measure how high the sound is分贝Hooliganism: the behavior of hooligansBeer-soaked: drunkenPlague: n. disease like cholera or typhoidv. bother, cause trouble for sbduck v. move away; avoidpot smoker: marijuana addictjoint: a cigarette containing drugsflagrant: obvious, not concealed 明目张胆；赤裸裸的Festering: shameful; disgracefulJaywalker: one who crosses roads in a careless wayScofflawry: act of scoffing the lawFare beate r: one who evades paying the fare on a public vehiclePose risk to: present risk to; cause riskStatute: law and regulationCf. statue; statue of libertyFire safety statute: law for fire safety 防火安全法令Culprit: person who has done sth wrong; offenderAdd up to: amount to,Colossal: very large; immense; hugeJam v. make the street crowdedNuisance: thing, person or behavior that is troublesome or annoyingAdd up to a colossal public nuisance: amount to an act that is tremendously illegal Hazard: dangerDouble parking: parallel parkingFlout: disobey openly and scornfullyWane: decreasing; becoming less and less.Cf. wax: (the moon)growing largerThe moon waxes and wanes every month.Russian roulette: a game of chance in which the player, using a revolver(左轮手枪) containing only one bullet（子弹）, spins the cylinder（旋转枪膛）of the revolver, points the muzzle（枪口）at his own head, and pulls the trigger. Here it means a very dangerous activity.Intersection: crossroadsToss-up: tossing up a coin to make a decision between two alternatives.The social mood: the general attitude of societyIncessant: non-stopping; continualA deep dent: a scar on a car, which goes inwardPay a repetitious price in frustration, inconvenience and outrage: endure repeatedly such unpleasant situations as frustration, inconvenience and outrage(great anger)Repetitious: repetitivePay a price: endure some unpleasant situation in order to get something desirable You have to pay a price in heat while preparing the college entrance examination.Peril: serious dangerMortal peri l: deadly dangerTribute: respectFurtiveness: being secret and quiet so as not to be noticedIf hypocrisy is the tribute that vice pays to virtue, then furtiveness is the true outlaw’s salute to the force of law-and-order.→ Vice pays tribute to virtue by means of hypocrisy; then the criminal shows respect to the police by means of being cautious.Brazen: shamelessCollapse: fall of moralsPublic manners: social moralityEtiquette: formal rules of polite behaviorProspect: possibility or likelihood of future event occurring.Foretaste: foresightIncivility: impolitenesscivil → civility → incivilityBolt: 螺栓nut：螺帽，螺母Dump truck: dumper truck：自动装卸卡车Houston freeway traffic violence:1）Flash high-beam lights at a car 用远光灯照射Hurl a beer can at the window shield 用啤酒瓶砸车窗玻璃Kick out the tail lights用脚踢尾灯Slug him eight stitches’ worth: punch him so that his wound has 8 stitches.2）Batter the trunk and the driver with steel bolt: hit or strike violently3）Rear-end the car which goes within 55 m.p.h. limit: follow closely behind Freeway syndrome(高速公路综合征): the incivility characteristic of the drivers on the Houston Freeway.stereotypical: traditionally typicalstereotype 刻板印象；模式化的见解→ stereotypicallaw-abiding citizens: those who abide by the lawtake to doing sth: form the habit of doing sth.; like doing sth.Skirt the law: ignore the lawCome to the main issue. Don’t skirt around it.Mild：gentleProhibition (1920-1933) American history禁酒令Exhilarating: very exciting; cheerfulan exhilarating drink 提神的饮料an exhilarating news 振奋人心的消息wipe out: destroyundermine: weaken gradually;mine: dig out the earth from undergroundlegitimacy：合法性legalitylegitimate: legal adj.ironically: used to modify a whole sentence 颇有讽刺意味的是s cofflaw spirit:违法意识undetermined: uncertain; unsolvedunwittingly: unconsciously；unintentionally; unknowinglybeing too outspoken, he blurted out the secret unwittingly.mandate: orderconstituent: voter选民constituency 选区subvert: undermine; do away withsubvert the government推翻政府compliance：obedience；agreementcomply with → compliancePuny: small in numberPuny fines: a small number of fine 微小的罚金Transgression: sin; law-breaking; violation of the lawTrivialize: pay little attention to;Trivial → trivializeDramatize: magnify or exaggerateNullify: make (an agreement) lose its legal forceto nullify a contract 取消合同null → nullifynull: nothing; no effectnullify the law: 使法律失去效力court-ordered: ordered by the court 法院下令的Desegregation: the elimination of racial isolation in sthDesegregation rulings废除种族隔离法令Administration：American governmentDisquieting: disturbing; upsetting; annoying; worrying; making people worried Quiet -→ disquietingInfectiousness: spreadingInfectious → infectiousnessTerminally: fatallyTerminal disease: a disease which can not be curedTerminal cancer 晚期癌症Terminal patient：重危病人Indefinitely: without control; endlesslyUNIT FIVEFuss and bother: worry and anxietyFuss: unnecessary anger, anxiety, excitement or interestOverpopulate: over + populate -→ overpopulatePlight: serious and difficult situation or conditionAs often as no t: quite frequently; at least half the timeGive sb. equal time with sb. else: give sb. as much attention as is given to sb. else Publicize: bring to public notice 公布于众；宣传Public → publicizeCf. publish 出版；发行Widely publicized counterparts: those ordinary illiterates who are widely known to the publicInterrogate: question sb aggressively or closely and for a long time 审问Cross-examine: question 盘问，often used for asking suspects to give evidence Pry and probe: inquireArticulate: able to use language fluentlyCovet: want very muchCoveted fellowship: money for academic research desired by everyone学术基金Cf. scholarship 奖学金Coveted: eagerly wished for; eagerly desiredExogenous: of external factorDecode: change a coded message into intelligible languagecf. codeAllegory: an imaginary story 寓言故事Gibberish: meaningless talk; nonsenseProvidentially: fortunately; luckilyProvidence n. a divine force 天道，天意Take one’s cue from……: follow the advice or example of……Affliction: trouble or mental suffering or distressInexorable: (1) relentless;(2)continuing; unstoppableProfundity: profound or deep matters.Grapple with: fight with; deal with"Bulging with: full ofBulge: be so full of sth as to swell in size. 肿起；凸起Barbarous jargon: unintelligible terms; meaningless terms; words which are difficult to understandMonstrous phrases: horrible words; terms which are shocking or frightening Monstrous: frightening; shockingPleasure principle(愉悦原则): man is both biological animal and social animal. In keeping with his biological endowment, man tends to seek pleasure and avoid pain. This truism is known as “pleasure principle” .UNIT SIXSchizophrenia: 精神分裂症Diglossia：双言症Dialect：here 社会方言Black English: 黑人英语Stigmatize: treat sb in a way that makes them feel ashamed.使感到羞辱Be stigmatized as：be condemned/denounced as被指责为Radically: completely; thoroughlyLiberal: a member of the Liberal PartyEducation deprivation教育缺乏Anatomy: analysisNew World blacks: 通过奴隶贸易从非洲运往北美的黑人Spirited vocabulary: 带有黑人种族特征的词汇Tote：add upStigmatize: treat sb in a way that makes them feel ashamed.使感到羞辱Inferior: not good or not as good as sb. or sth. elseConsistent: always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards, etc.Be tied up with: be very closely related to; busy withAttribute: believe or say that a situation or event is caused by sth.Eradicate: get rid of completelyOriginate: come from a particular place; start in a particular situationGive rise to: lead to; causeSeep: flow slowly through small holes or spaces; move or spread gradually Derive: develop or come fromBestow: give sb. sth of great value or importanceGraft: join sth onto sth; add sth to sthBe stigmatized as：be condemned/denounced as被指责为Anatomy: analysisOverwhelming: very large; enormousSeep: trickle; ooze(液体) 渗透Fig. come out very slowly 渐渐地、慢慢地外露出来Groovy: attractive; fashionableJive:摇摆舞Rap：（电子乐器伴奏的）说唱Chick：chickenRip off: 撕掉；迅速脱掉Chigger: sand flea (一种跳蚤)Yam：山药；番薯Tater：马铃薯；土豆Bestow: give, grant sth to sb to show how much they are respected授予，赠与，赐给Overseer:监工；监督人；掌管人Graft：移植；嫁接Beside the point：unrelated 不相关的；离题的UNIT SEVENLamely: unconvincinglyOccur to: come to sb’s mindParadoxical: contradictory; incongruousParadox: a situation which involves two opposite factsParadoxical: contradictoryPedagogical acts:教育行为Disciple: follower of any leader of religious thought, learning, art. Originally referred to the followers of Jesus Christ.Be wary of: be cautious about possible danger or problem.Enchantments: magic power/charm of beautyDeprive of: take fromLose prestige: lose significance; lose prominencePrestige: general respect or admiration felt for someone or something because they have high quality, success.Accumulate: make or become greater in number or quantity.In the throes of: in the middle of doing sth very difficult.Throe: intense or violent pain and struggle. Often used in plural formIdentify with: consider two things as being the same; equate with; associate with. The obligation to be / to try: the duty to be beautiful or try to be beautiful An obligation is an act to which one is morally or legally bound.Evaluate: judge the value ofConfirm: give support to a fact by providing more proof.A declared Robert Redford fan: an enthusiastic/faithful supporter of Robert Redford.Declared: openly admitted asUNIT EIGHTPara 1 definition of appetite: keenness of livingThe keenness of living: strong interest in livingKeen adj. Having a strong interest in sth. Eager to do sth.Have an edge on: be eager to satisfy one’s desiresEdge: keenness of desireMultitudinous: extremely large in numberBite into the world: experience the worldPara 2 appetite --- any condition of unsatisfied desireLust for food: strong desire for foodBurning in the blood: strong desireGet one’s heart’s desire: have one’s desire satisfiedPrefer doing sth to doing sth.Para 3 appetite --- a state of wantingTreat n. something that gives great pleasure, especially unexpected.Orgy: party (festivity) which brings great pleasureTreat and orgies: something that gives pleasurePitch of happiness: degree of happinessThe greatest pitch of happiness: the highest degree of happinessToffee太妃糖Toffeeness: the taste of toffeesImperceptible: cannot be perceived Cf. perceptibleGross act of doing sth: ungraceful act of doing sth. 不雅的行为Inexhaustible: not exhaustible, can not be used upTreasure-house of flavors: a great variety of flavorsPara 4 pleasure of appetite --- in wanting, not in satisfactionTexture: the feel of a substanceBludgeon: force sb to do sth.Satiation: over-satisfaction; over-indulgenceOver doing it: eat too muchAppetite is too precious to be bludgeoned into insensibility by satiation: … so good that I don’t want to force it into insensibility by means of over-satisfaction. Para 5 function of fastingSquare mea l: a big meal; a meal which is substantial and richOrgiastic: full of excitement; here it means the meal which makes people feel excited.Table-groaning: (food which is so much and rich) that makes the table groan, or the table groans under the weight of food.Blow-out: (slang)a large meal; a feast 盛餐；美餐Fasting：eating no foodPuritanical device：a way to avoid enjoyment as puritans do. Puritans think enjoyment is unnecessary or wrong.Puritanical: very strict and severe in moralsAnticipate: expectSupreme indulgence: luxury pleasure which is of the highest degree.Para 6 fasting --- respect for appetiteFasting is an act of homage to the majesty of appetite: fasting is a way to respect the grandness of appetite.Appetite is grand, excellent,Homage: respectMajesty: grandnessIntensity: power or strength of pleasureWeariness of modern life: monotony of modern lifeLive too much on top of each other: live too close to each other, too dependent upon each otherOn end: continuouslyCrouch: lower the body by bending the kneesWail: cryGorge: eat greedilyGorge oneself: fill oneself with food; stuff oneself with foodAppetite came into its own: appetite showed its true value.Sacred celebration of life: holy celebration of lifeImpotence of life: life in which one loses his ability “瘫痪”的生活Guardian：one who protects othersDivinity of appetite: appetite is divine, or respectable, hence the divinity of appetite Blunt: weakenedPara 8 need of thirst in order to get springs: the need of appetite in order to get the greatest pitch of happinessAcute: keen; sharpBliss: great joyParch: make very dry and hot。
3usual形容词 adj
3usual形容词adj.1.经常的, 通常的; 寻常的, 惯常的The plane did not fly the usual commercial route.飞机没有沿通常的商业航线飞。
It's usual to have a holiday in summer.夏天休假是惯例。
general ['dʒenərəl]adj.普遍的, 全面的; 总体的, 整体的；非专门的, 一般的；正常的, 常规的; 通常的；大致的, 笼统的；总的, 首席的n.将军normal形容词adj.1.正常的, 平常的Everything is normal here.这里一切正常。
2.正规的; 标准的He received four years of normal edication at college.他在大学受了四年正规教育。
3.自然的，健全的4.师范的5.【数学】正交的，垂直的；法线的；正态的；(矩阵)正规的 6.【化学】规度的，当量(浓度)的；正(链)的，简正的7.【心理学、医学】精神(或智力、身体等)正常的名词n.1.正常；正常状态；平均水准2.标准；典型3.正常人；正常事物4.师范学院5.【数学】法线；正交Ordinary形容词adj.1.普通的, 平常的, 一般的, 平凡的; 平庸的, 平淡无奇的That is only an ordinary incident.这只不过是日常小事。
4. regard [ri'ɡɑ:d]vt.注视; 注意；认作n.注意, 关心；尊重; 尊敬；致意; 问候despite介词prep.1.不管, 尽管, 任凭Despite the fact that she is short, she is an excellent basketball player.尽管她个子矮, 却是个出色的篮球运动员。
2.尽管（自己）不愿意Alternate: despite yourself 3.不在乎，不顾；虽有，纵使名词n.1.侮辱，凌辱；损害；伤害；卑鄙的行为；不利2.反对；反抗，抗争reputation名词n.1.名气,名声, 名誉This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
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@东北大学 工商管理学院 经济系 孙广生 2011年秋季
3.1一级区别定价：每个消费者购买 多单位产品的情况
某个消费者 的需求曲线
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一级价格歧视方法
两部制定价（two-part tariff）
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@东北大学 工商管理学院 经济系 孙广生 2011年秋季
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3.1一级区别定价：每个消费者购买 一单位产品的情况
假设厂商了解每个消费者的需求状况
p1 p2
市场需求曲线
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一级价格歧视时利润
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一级价格歧视方法
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一级价格歧视的福利效果：与竞争性的厂 商提供完全相等的产量，全社会福利达到 最大化，但消费者剩余不同。即两者具有 同样的生产效率，但分配效率不同。
3.2三级区别定价
假设厂商虽然不知道每个消费者的需求状况，但知道这些消费者可以分成m个群 体以及每个群体的需求状况曲线。厂商无法观测到单个群体内的各个消费者的区 别，只能观测到群体的需求曲线。那么，它就可以对不同的群体实行价格歧视。
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@东北大学 工商管理学院 经济系 孙广生 2011年秋季
3.3 二级区别定价与消费者甄别
厂商清楚消费者的类型分布，但不清楚特定消费者究竟属于哪一个消费 者类型。厂商通过向不同消费者提供不同的消费组合（“菜单”）诱使 消费者自我选择（self-selection）消费组合从而暴露真实类型的方法来实 现价格歧视。
例子： — Costa的咖啡（） — 优惠劵 — 质量差别 — 移动电话的“座机费”与“通话费”
@东北大学 工商管理学院 经济系 孙广生 2011年秋季
3.3 二级区别定价与消费者甄别
@东北大学 工商管理学院 经济系 孙广生 2011年秋季
3.4二级区别定价与数量折扣
@东北大学 工商管理学院 经济系 孙广生 2011年秋季
课后阅读
价格歧视与反垄断问题可参见唐 E.沃德曼、伊丽莎白 J.詹森著《产业组 织理论与实践》第15.5节 三级价格歧视的福利效果的例子可见《超爆经济学》P50-56
@东北大学 工商管理学院 经济系 孙广生 2011年秋季
3.
@东北大学 工商管理学院 经济系 孙广生 2011年秋季
此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！ 感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢
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@东北大学 工商管理学院 经济系 孙广生 2011年秋季
3.2三级区别定价：福利分析
假设
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消费者剩余 Si (pi )
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利的必要条件是增加社会总需求。