高中英语倒装句知识点讲义

倒装

英语的正常语序是“主语 + 谓语”,即主语在前,谓语在后。有时为了强调句子结构的需要,把谓语的一部分或全部放在主语之前,主语和谓语出现倒置形式。

倒装又可分为完全倒装和部分倒装。将谓语动词完全移到主语之前的称为完全倒装,也叫全部倒装; 只将助动词、be动词或情态动词放到主语之前的称为部分倒装。

一、完全倒装

1. 完全倒装是将谓语全部放在主语之前,此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。

*Up went the rocket into the air.

嗖地火箭就飞上天了。

*Inside the classroom are the students and the teacher.

老师和学生在教室里。

等简短副词或above, away, in, out 等方位副词于句首,谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等动词。

*Then came another question. 接着又一个问题提出来了。

*Look, here comes the taxi. 瞧,出租车过来了。

表示地点的介词短语(如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room 等)放在句首时。

*Under a big tree sat a little boy. 一个小男孩坐在树下。

South of the lake lies a big supermarket. 湖的南边是一个大超市。

【注意】这种倒装中,主语必须是名词,主语是人称代词时,主语和谓语语序不变。

*In he came and the lesson began.

他走进来开始上课。

铃一响，学生就冲出去了。

Hearing the bell ring, out rushed the students .

Hearing the bell ring, out they rushed.

(2)表语置于句首时,倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。

*Present at the meeting was Mr Green, a headmaster with his friends.

校长格林先生和他的朋友们出席了会议。

Seated on the ground are a group of young people.

坐在地上的是一群年轻

(1) In front of the house stopped a police car.

房子的前面停着一辆警车。

(2) Here is the letter you have been looking forward to.

你盼望已久的信在这儿。

(3) Gone are the days when women were looked down upon.

妇女受歧视的日子一去不复返了。

二、部分倒装

1. 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分,如助动词或情态动词,移至主语之前。

*Little did he know who the woman was.

他不太知道那个女的是谁。

*Only in this way can you master English.

只有这样你才能掌握英语。

2. 常见的部分倒装的结构。

(1)含有否定意义的否定词或半否定词包括短语(如never, neither, nor, little, seldom, rarely, hardly, scarcely, few, not, no, by no means, in no way, at no time等)放在句首时。

*Little did I dream of seeing such wonderful scenery.

我做梦也没想到会看到这样美妙的景色。

*Never shall I do this silly thing again.

我再不会做这种傻事了。

【注意】

● 1.“Not only+分句,but also+分句”句型中的前一分句要部分倒装。

*Not only can he speak English, but he can also speak Japanese fluently.

他不但会讲英语,而且还能流利地讲日语。

● 2. 表示“刚/一……就……”的倒装句型。

*Hardly had the game begun when it started raining.

比赛刚刚开始就下起了雨来。

*No sooner had he arrived in Rome than he was kidnapped.

他刚到罗马就遭到了绑架。

*Scarcely had I come in when the phone rang.

我刚刚一进去,电话就响了。

● 3. Not until 句型

直到我妈回来我才有手机上传作业。

I didn’t get the mobile phone to upload the assignment until my mother came back.

It was not until my mother came back that I got the mobile phone to upload the assignment.

Not until my mother came back did I get the mobile phone to upload the assignment.

直到新冠消除我们才会上学。

Not until the coronavirus is wiped out will we go back to school.

● 4. in no time 放在句首要倒装吗？

(2)副词 only修饰状语置于句首时。

*Only then did he realize the importance of his family.

只有在那时他才意识到家人的重要性。

*Only in this way can you solve this problem.

只有用这种方法, 你才可以解决这个问题。

*Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get back to work. 直到1918年战争结束,他才能回去工作。

只有他能回答这个问题。

*Only he can answer the question.

(3) as引导的让步状语从句(as可以换成though)。

a. 表语(形容词/名词)+ as+ 主语+ 系动词

*Famous as he is, he is easygoing.

尽管他很有名气,但他很平易近人。

*Child as/though he is, he knows a lot.

尽管他是个孩子,但他懂得很多。

b. 副词+ as+主语+谓语动词

*Hard as he tried, he couldn’t pass the exam.

尽管他努力了,他还是没有通过考试。

c. 动词原形+as+ 主语+ might/may