形容词副词同型

副词和形容词同形（Adverbs and Adjectives Identical in Form）

有的形容词同副词在词形上完全一样，但形容词起的是定语作用，而副词起的却是状语作用。如：

An early riser gets up early.

A fast train travels fast.

Daily newspapers are published daily.

This is hard work . We have to work hard.

区别副词和形容词常常依靠该词句法功能。如：go straight, tell someone straight中为副词。在短语set someone/something straight, put someone/something straight, drink whisky straight, keep one’s face straight 中的straight看作形容词，因straight在些起宾语补足语的作用。

英语中常有成对的副词：一个不带－ly,另一个由形容词加后缀－ly构成。这种有－ly的副词有时可同无－ly 的副词互换，有时两者的用法和意义不一。但一般来说没有后缀－LY的副词表示动作所造成的结果、状态或给人的感觉，而,带有后缀－LY的副词则表示的动作方式。如：

bright, brightly

cheap,cheaply

She sells her goods cheap.(cheap可用cheaply替换。在较为随便的谈话中，当动词是buy, sell时，常用cheap.

clean, cleanly

This knife cuts cleanly.

The bullet went clean through the wall.

Clean through = right through.作副词的clean含义为completely, right.在非正式语体里，它常跟动词forget,介词over,through,副词away, out连用。如：

Sorry I didn’t turn up --- I CLEAN FORGOT.

The ball sailed clean over the roof.

The prisoner got clean away.

I’m afraid I’m clean out of (= have no more) food.

clear, clearly

Stand clear of the doors of the train.

副词clear 跟of一起时，意为away from, not touching.

He threw her clear across the room.

Clear across = right across

“I said it very loud and clear(clear = clearly); I went and shouted in his ear.”

He spoke so clearly that I could hear every word.

c lose, closely

Come close; I want to tell you something.(作副词时，“接近地，”“紧密地”，表具体近的程度)

The boy followed close behind his father.

The fellow stood close against the wall.

副词close是near之意，过去分词前常用closely.如：

The teacher was closely followed by his pupils.

Closely表示一种抽象的概念，“紧密地”“密切地”“严密地”。

We should closely be united around Chairman Jiang.

She closely resembles her mother.

Watch him closely.(= carefully, with attention)

dead, deadly

The road is very dangerous. Go dead slow. (=exactly, completely, slow,可用slowly替换)

还有dead drunk, dead tired, dead right, dead sure, dead certain等与dead slow同.

Don’t touch that. It’s deadly.(=adj.; fatal, causing death)

It’s deadly poisonous.(=very)

I can’t read this. It’s deadly dull.(=very)

Deep, deeply

Deep作副词时，常用来表示具体的深度，“深地”，修饰静止的状态和具体的动作。而deeply用来修饰情感的动词、形容词和过去分词，表示抽象的概念。

Our teachers often work deep into the night.

He had to dig deep to find water.

We were deeply moved by what he had done.

I’m deeply grateful for the help you gave me.

direct, directly

These new laws concern us all directly. (=in a direct way“直接地”)

Let’s meet directly（＝immediately）after lunch; then I ‘ll take you direct to your room. (=without deviation,主要用于说及旅行和时间表,指空间、距离，如行程中的不停顿、不绕道，”直接地““不绕（圈）地”)

He flew direct to New York .

He came and reported it direct to me.