国际贸易实务双语教程+重点汇总
国际贸易实务双语教程复习材料
国际贸易实务双语教程复习材料一、判断1. When dealing in international trade (exporting and importing), a businessman has to face a variety of conditions which differ from those to which he has grown accustomed in the domestic trade. ( )2. According to the CISG, once the offerer stipulates the validity on the offer ,the offerer can still cancel the offer . （）3. Offer and acceptance are two indispensable links for reaching an agreement and concluding a contract. ( )4. During the negotiation , the offer is made by seller and acceptance is made by buyer . （）5. Enquiry, offer and acceptance are indispensable part of a negotiation . （）6. If an offer remarks \（）7. An advertisement on paper is aneffective offer . （） 8. Same to the offer, acceptance also can be cancel . （） 9. An offer may not indicate the terms of payment.（）10. The price-list and catalogues sent to some companies are also offers with binding effect.（） 11. Price terms are mainly applied to determining the prices of commodities in international trade. （）12. Warsaw-Oxford Rules clearly explain the thirteen kinds of trade terms incurrent use. ( ) 13. As an exporter, you concluded a deal with an American on basis of EXW; then your transaction risk is reduced the minimum degree . （）14. According to the interpretation of the Revised American Foreign Trade Definition, FAS is suitable for all kinds of transportation. （）15. On CIP terms, the seller must pay the freight rate and insurance premium as well as bear all the risks until the goods have arrived at the destination . （）16. The common feature of an FOB contract and an FAS contract is that the seller must load the goods on a named ship. ( )17. According to Incoterms 2021, FCA is suitable for all kinds of transportation . （）18.在国际贸易中，一项合同的有效成立都必须经过询盘、发盘、还盘、接受和签约五个环节。
国际贸易实务双语教程
国际贸易实务双语教程第一章：国际贸易概述1.1 什么是国际贸易国际贸易是指不同国家和地区之间进行的商品和服务的交流与交易活动。
它是全球经济发展的重要组成部分，促进了各国之间的合作与发展。
1.2 国际贸易的重要性国际贸易为各国提供了更多的选择和机会，促进了资源的合理配置和优化利用。
它可以推动经济增长、创造就业机会，提高人民生活水平，并促进各国之间的和平与稳定。
1.3 国际贸易的主体国际贸易的主体包括国家、企业和个人。
国家通过制定贸易政策和法规来引导和管理国际贸易活动，企业和个人则通过进出口、外贸合作等方式参与国际贸易。
第二章：国际贸易的基本原则2.1 自由贸易原则自由贸易原则是国际贸易的基石，主张各国在贸易活动中自由、平等地开展合作，避免设置不合理的贸易壁垒和限制措施。
2.2 最惠国待遇最惠国待遇是指各国之间在关税和非关税措施方面享受相互对待的待遇。
即一国对某一国家给予的优惠待遇应当同样适用于其他所有成员国。
2.3 国民待遇原则国民待遇原则要求各国对本国产品和外国产品一视同仁，不对外国产品设置额外的贸易壁垒或歧视性规定。
第三章：国际贸易的主要方式3.1 进口和出口贸易进口贸易是指国家从其他国家购买商品和服务，出口贸易是指国家向其他国家销售商品和服务。
进出口贸易是国际贸易的主要方式。
3.2 外商直接投资外商直接投资是指一个国家的企业或个人在其他国家投资并经营企业。
它可以带来资金、技术和管理经验的引进，促进经济发展和产业升级。
3.3 跨国公司合作跨国公司合作是指不同国家的企业通过合资、合作等方式共同开展经营活动。
它可以整合各方资源，提高竞争力，实现共赢发展。
第四章：国际贸易的相关政策和机构4.1 贸易政策贸易政策是国家为了调整和管理国际贸易活动而采取的政策措施。
包括关税政策、非关税壁垒、贸易协定等。
4.2 关贸总协定（GATT）与世界贸易组织（WTO）关贸总协定是国际贸易领域的多边协议，旨在促进贸易自由化和公平竞争。
国际贸易实务双语教程复习材料
一、判断1. When dealing in international trade (exporting and importing), a businessman has to face a variety of conditions which differ from those to which he has grown accustomed in the domestic trade. ( )2. According to the CISG, once the offerer stipulates the validity on the offer ,the offerer can still cancel the offer . （）3. Offer and acceptance are two indispensable links for reaching an agreement and concluding a contract. ( )4. During the negotiation , the offer is made by seller and acceptance is made by buyer . （）5. Enquiry, offer and acceptance are indispensable part of a negotiation . （）6. If an offer remarks "irrevocable",it means the offeror has no right to withdraw the offer. （）7. An advertisement on paper is an effective offer . （）8. Same to the offer, acceptance also can be cancel . （）9. An offer may not indicate the terms of payment.（）10. The price-list and catalogues sent to some companies are also offers with binding effect.（）11. Price terms are mainly applied to determining the prices of commodities in international trade. （）12. Warsaw-Oxford Rules clearly explain the thirteen kinds of trade terms incurrent use. ( )13. As an exporter, you concluded a deal with an American on basis of EXW; then your transaction risk is reduced the minimum degree . （）14. According to the interpretation of the Revised American Foreign Trade Definition, FAS is suitable for all kinds of transportation. （）15. On CIP terms, the seller must pay the freight rate and insurance premium as well as bear all the risks until the goods have arrived at the destination . （）16. The common feature of an FOB contract and an FAS contract is that the seller must load the goods on a named ship. ( )17. According to Incoterms 2010, FCA is suitable for all kinds of transportation . （）18.在国际贸易中，一项合同的有效成立都必须经过询盘、发盘、还盘、接受和签约五个环节。
国际贸易实务复习重点中英文全套
国际贸易实务复习重点中英⽂全套08级国贸资料整理Chapter 1 General introductionLearning objectives:Define international tradeExplain the reasons for international tradeIdentify the benefits of international tradeExplain the major categories of international tradeTell the differences between domestic trade and international tradeDefinition of international tradeInternational trade refers to the exchange of goods and service between nations. Reasons for international trade1) Resource reasons:a. Uneven distribution of natural resources;b. Development of human and technologicalresources2) Economic reasons:i.e. economic benefits3) Other reasons:A. Political objectivesB. Diversification of the productC. Consumers’requirementsBenefits of international tradeEconomic growthCheaper goods or servicesGreater varietyDifferences between international trade and domestic tradeDifferent language and cultureDifferent currencyDifferent legal system and policiesDifferent risk levelsDifferent difficulties and managementClassification of international tradeExport tradeImport tradeTransit tradeDirect tradeIndirect tradeEntrepot tradeVisible tradeInvisible tradeBarter tradeFree-liquidation tradeChapter 2 International Trade TermsThink about it:●按FOB条件达成的合同，凡需租船运输的⼤宗货物，应在合同中具体证明（）A. 装船费⽤由谁负担B. 卸货费⽤由谁负担C. 保险费⽤由谁负担●当我在进⼝合同中使⽤FOBST条件或在出⼝合同中使⽤CIF ex ship’s hold条件时，在使⽤班轮运输船的情况下，我是否有权向对⽅收回装货费或卸货费？为什么？●我某出⼝公司按CIF条件向德国某进⼝商出⼝⼀批草帽，向中国⼈民保险公司投保了⼀切险，并规定⽤信⽤证⽅式⽀付。
国际贸易实务-双语
国际商会International Chamber of Commerce
In 1936
E、F、C、D四组13个贸 易术语
《2000年通则》 四组术语(共13种)
E 组 启运 EXW EX Works 工厂交货 货交承运人 船边交货 适用于各种运输方式， 包括多式联运 同上 适用于海运及内河运输 FCA Free Carrier F 组 主运费 FAS Free Alongside Ship 未付 FOB Free On Board CFR Cost and Freight CIF Cost,Insurance and Freight
ANSWER
Under FOB terms , the risk separation was the rail of the ship , during the shipment of goods, if they didn’t across the ship's rail, and fell to the sea, the seller should bear the risk . When the goods across the ship's rail, fall in the deck, the buyer should bear the corresponding risks. In this case, falling into the cargo deck, the buyer can assume the risk is no doubt.
返回目录
THE SELLER’S RESPONSIBILITIES
1、deliver the goods at the time stipulated in the contract，provides sufficient notice 2、obtains the export licenses and authorizations and carry out all export formalities and procedures 3、assume all risks of loss or damage to the goods until they have passed the ship’s rail 4、provides the buyer with a proof of delivery or a transport document (such as B/L ,inspection documents) The most important is deliver the goods on time and notice to the buyer.
国际贸易实务双语大二第六章知识点
国际贸易实务双语大二第六章知识点摘要：一、前言二、国际贸易实务概述三、国际贸易术语解释通则四、国际贸易合同的签订五、国际贸易支付方式六、国际贸易运输与保险七、国际贸易争议解决八、结论正文：一、前言随着全球化的发展，国际贸易已成为各国之间经济交流的重要方式。
了解国际贸易实务对于从事国际贸易的企业和个人来说至关重要。
本篇文章将为您介绍国际贸易实务的相关知识点。
二、国际贸易实务概述国际贸易实务主要包括国际贸易术语解释通则、国际贸易合同的签订、国际贸易支付方式、国际贸易运输与保险以及国际贸易争议解决等方面。
三、国际贸易术语解释通则国际贸易术语解释通则（Incoterms）是一套规范国际贸易术语的国际惯例，旨在为国际贸易合同的双方提供统一、明确的解释，降低贸易风险。
目前，常用的国际贸易术语有EXW、FOB、CIF、DDP等。
四、国际贸易合同的签订国际贸易合同是国际贸易业务的基础文件，对于保障贸易双方的权益具有重要意义。
合同的签订应遵循平等、自愿、公平、诚信的原则，合同内容应包括商品的名称、数量、质量、价格、交货期、交货地点、运输方式等。
五、国际贸易支付方式国际贸易支付方式主要有电汇、信用证、托收、汇票等。
其中，信用证支付方式因其安全性和独立性而成为国际贸易中最常用的支付方式。
六、国际贸易运输与保险在国际贸易中，运输与保险是关系到商品能否顺利到达买方的重要环节。
运输方式包括海运、陆运、空运等；保险则包括货物运输保险、信用证保险等。
七、国际贸易争议解决在国际贸易中，难免会出现贸易争议。
解决争议的方式主要有协商、调解、仲裁、诉讼等。
其中，仲裁方式因其高效、灵活、专业的特点，成为国际贸易争议解决的主要方式。
八、结论总之，国际贸易实务涉及多个环节，只有全面了解并掌握这些知识点，才能在国际贸易中降低风险、保障权益。
国贸双语教程知识点总结
国贸双语教程知识点总结国贸双语教程（GuoMao Bilingual Tutorial）是一门帮助学习者掌握国际贸易知识和提高英语水平的课程。
本教程包括了从基本的贸易概念到高级的国际商务策略的全面内容，并且提供了大量的双语教学材料，帮助学生更好地理解和掌握所学知识。
教程内容国贸双语教程的内容涵盖了国际贸易的方方面面，包括但不限于贸易原理、国际商务法律、跨境电商、跨文化交流等内容。
教程将英语和中文结合起来，为学习者提供双语学习的机会，使他们不仅能够掌握国际贸易的知识，还能够提高自己的英语水平。
教程重点在国贸双语教程中，我们重点介绍了以下几个方面的内容：1. 贸易原理：教学者将从国际贸易的基本概念开始，介绍贸易的基本原理、运作机制和各种商业术语，使学习者对国际贸易有一个清晰的认识。
2. 国际商务法律：作为国际贸易的重要组成部分，法律知识在实践中起着至关重要的作用。
我们将介绍国际商务法律的基本原则和实际应用技巧，帮助学习者了解国际贸易中的法律风险和规避方法。
3. 跨境电商：随着互联网的普及和全球市场的开放，跨境电商已成为了国际贸易的重要形式之一。
我们将介绍跨境电商的发展趋势、运作模式和营销策略，帮助学习者了解电商领域的最新动态和发展趋势。
4. 跨文化交流：在国际贸易中，跨文化交流能力是非常重要的。
我们将介绍跨文化交流的基本原则和技巧，帮助学习者提高自己的跨文化沟通能力，更好地适应国际商务环境。
教程特色国贸双语教程具有以下几个特色：1. 双语教学：教程使用英语和中文结合的方式进行教学，帮助学习者更好地理解和掌握所学知识。
2. 实操案例：除了理论知识外，教程还包括大量的实操案例，帮助学习者将所学知识应用到实践中，提高他们的实际操作能力。
3. 互动教学：教程采用交互式教学模式，鼓励学习者参与讨论和互动，促进学习者之间的知识交流和思想碰撞。
结语国贸双语教程旨在帮助学习者掌握国际贸易知识和提高英语水平，为他们在国际商务领域取得更大的成功奠定基础。
国际贸易实务双语大二第六章知识点
国际贸易实务双语大二第六章知识点摘要：1.国际贸易实务简介2.双语大二第六章知识点概述3.第六章重点内容详解4.学习策略与建议正文：【1】国际贸易实务简介国际贸易实务是一门理论与实践相结合的课程，主要涉及国际贸易的基本知识、交易流程、合同条款、支付方式、运输和保险等内容。
通过学习这门课程，学生能够掌握国际贸易的基本操作，提高实际业务能力。
【2】双语大二第六章知识点概述本章主要以双语形式，介绍了国际贸易实务中的关键环节，包括：交易前的准备、交易磋商、签订合同、履行合同等。
通过学习本章，学生应能熟练运用英语进行国际贸易沟通，并掌握国际贸易合同的撰写技巧。
【3】第六章重点内容详解3.1 交易前的准备- 市场调研：了解目标市场的需求、行业状况、竞争对手等。
- 产品定位：根据目标市场特点，确定产品策略、价格策略等。
- 寻找合作伙伴：筛选潜在的合作伙伴，评估其信誉、实力等。
3.2 交易磋商- 书面函电：撰写英文商务信函，表达合作意愿、询问报价等。
- 口头沟通：运用英语进行电话、视频等方式的沟通，洽谈业务。
- 商务谈判：就价格、数量、交货期等达成一致。
3.3 签订合同- 合同格式：遵循国际贸易合同通用格式，包括首部、正文、尾部等。
- 合同内容：详细列出货物名称、规格、数量、价格、支付方式等。
- 法律适用：明确合同适用的法律条款，确保合同合法有效。
3.4 履行合同- 出口手续：办理出口许可证、报关、检验等手续。
- 进口手续：办理进口许可证、报关、验收等手续。
- 货物运输：选择合适的运输方式、安排货物运输。
- 货款结算：按照合同约定，办理货款结算事宜。
【4】学习策略与建议- 扎实英语基础：提高英语听说读写能力，为国际贸易沟通奠定基础。
- 专业知识储备：熟悉国际贸易实务各环节，掌握相关法规和惯例。
- 实践操作：参与国际贸易实际业务，积累经验，提高实战能力。
- 案例分析：学习经典案例，了解国际贸易风险，提高防范意识。
国际贸易实务双语教程第二版习题参考复习资料
Unit 1 A brief introduction to international tradeKeyI. Answer my questions1. International trade is business which involved the crossing of national borders2. Sales expansion, resource acquisition and diversification of sales and supplies.3. To gain profit.4. To seej out foreign markets and procurement.5. There are four major forms which are the following:Merchandise exports and Imports, Service Exports and Imports, Investment and Multinational Enterprise.6. It is the account which is a summary statement of the flow of all international economic and financial transactions between one nation (eg.the United States ) and the rest of the world over some period of time, usually one year.7. Merchandise Exporting and Importing.8. Yes. There are great differences between them.1) direct investment takes place when control follows the investment. It usually means high commitment of capital, personnel, and technology abroad. It aims at gaining of foreign resources and foreign markets. Direct investment may often get higher foreign sales than exporting. And sometimes it involves two or more parties.2) While portfolio investments are not under control. And they are used primarily for financial purposes. Treasures of companies, for example, routinely more funds from one country to another to get a higher yield on short term investments.9. MNE is the abbreviation of the multinational enterprise. Its synonyms are NNC (the multinational corporation) and TNC (transnational corporation).10. Examples are travel, transport, fee, royalties, dividends and interest.11. The choice of forms is influenced by the objective being pursued and the environments in which the company must operate.12. It is limited by the number of people intere sted in a firm’s products and services and by customers’ capacity to make purchase.13. This is because at an early stage of international involvement these operations usually take the least commitment and least risk of a firm’s resources.14. Royalties means the payment for use of assets from abroad, such as for trademarks patens, copyrights, or other expertise under contract known as licencing agreements.Royalties are also paid franchising.15. It is a way of doing business in which one party (the franchiser) the use of a trademark that is an essential asset for the franchisers’ business.II Match each one on the left with its correct meaning on the right1. J2.A3.E4.B5.C6.D7.I8.G9.F 10.HIII Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese1 购买力11经济复苏；恢复2潜在销售量12 经济衰退3加价，涨价13间接投资4国内市场14有形货物5制成品15有形进出口6边际利润16收入及支出；岁入及岁出7市场占有率17超额能力8贸易歧视18贸易中间人（商）；经纪人9时机选择19全部包建的工程承包方式10经销周期20许可证协定IV Case Study1 [Answer]：Batteries called "white elephant" exported from China were very popular in Southeast Asia, because "white elephant" was a lucky thing in Southeast Asia, but no one was interested in it in the market of Europe and the United States. The boss of the company was very strange that the quality of the battery or the price of reasons, so he asked his staff to investigate. Finally he found that is the brand "white elephant" to be blame. The brand's name translated into English was "white elephant" which meant something were no use but cumbersome in Western countries. It was really a bad translation from culture information perspective. The meaning derived from a legend. According to the legend, there was a king who hated a minister, so he gave a white elephant to the minister for punishment. The minister has to take care of the white elephant, he couldn't give it to others or kill it because it's the king gave it to him. However, the appetite of the white elephant was so great, and the minister became poorer. So it showed people in western countries would not buy the battery for the consumers have no willing to buy something useless but cumbersome.V. OpenVI.Translate the following into English1. Trade is often the ‘engine’ of growth. However oversimplified this metaphor may be, it does serve to underline the importance of foreign trade in the process of growth. A healthy expansion of exports may not always be sufficient condition for rapid and sustained growth, but a strong positive association between the two is clearly undeniable. Trade expansion contributes to economic growth in many ways. Among them are the benefits of specialization; the favorable effects of international competition on domestic economic efficiency; the increased capacity to pay for the imports required in development and more generally the stimulus to investment.2. International trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for goods and services produced in another country. In addition to visible trade, which involves the import and export of goods and merchandise, there is also invisible trade, which involves the exchange of services between nations. Nations such as Greece and Norway have large maritime fleets and provide transportation service. This is a kind of invisible trade. Invisible trade can be as important to some nations as the export of raw materials or commodities is to others. In both cases, the nations earn the money to buy necessities.3. There exist different ways of conducting international business. Exclusive sale means the seller gives the overseas client the exclusive right of selling a particular product in a designated area within a specified period of time. In this kind of business transaction, the product is bought by the exclusive seller and therefore he should sell the product by himself, assuming sole responsibilities for his profit and loss. Exclusive sale is different from agency where only commission is involved. And difference exists between general contract and exclusive sales because the exclusive seller enjoys exclusive right in a particular area.4. There is no country in the world that can produce all the products it needs. Thus countries joinin international division of labor for effective production and reproduction. Sometimes a country can buy goods and services from abroad on a barter basis. Barter means doing business by exchanging goods of one sort for goods of another sort without using money. Barter trade itself is not enough to meat a cou ntry’s import needs. But as a form of international trade, it is still attractive in developing countries where foreign exchange is in short supply and inflow of foreign funds is far from sufficient to meet their obligations in external trade.Unit 2 General Procedures of Export and Import TransactionI. Answer the following questions(Omited)II. Filling the blanks with the suitable words in the text:1.meeting/satisfying;2.agent, foreign/overseas;mission;4.own;5.setting;6.patent;7.profits;8.outlets; 9.joint, venture; 10.subsidiaryIII. J udge the following statement, mark True (T) or False(F)1F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5.F 6.F 7.T 8.F 9.F 10. TIV. Explain the meaning of the words or phrases below as requested1. Offer: An offer is a proposal made by sellers to buyers in order to enter into the contract.2. Withdrawal: It means an offer by the offerer has been withdrawn before it is reached to the offeree in order to prevent its entry into force.3. Enquiry: An enquiry is a request for business information, such as price lists, catalogue, samples, and details of the goods or trade terms. It can be made either by the importer or the exporter.4. Acceptance: Acceptance is a statement made by other conduct of the offerees indicating unconditional consent to an offer.5. Shipping agent: Shipping agent(船代）is a ship owner's representative whose job is to find the ships to carry.V. Compose a letter of enquiry with the following particulars:KeysMessrs. Arthur Grey & Son,19 Cheapside,London, E.C.2Dear Sirs,We have obtained your name and address from China Council for Promotion of International Trade and learned that you are one of the leading exporters of Ice Box in your district.We are now interested in 100 sets of the said article and should be pleased if you would let us know whether you can supply us with the quantity and quality we desire. Please quote us your best price on CIF Guangzhou basis. When offering, please state clearly terms of payment, time of delivery, packing conditions together with illustrated catalogue for our consideration.We are looking forward to your early reply.Yours faithfully,VI. Please make your offer according to the following particulars:KeyDear Sirs,Thank you for your letter of 5th May. We are glad to learn of the inquiries you have had from your customers for our raincoats. Our "D.D." range is particularly suitable for warm climates, and during the past years we have supplied this range to dealers in several tropical countries, from many of whom we have already had repeated orders. This range is popular not only because it is light in weight, but also because the material used has been specially treated to prevent excessive condensation on the inside surface.For the quantities you mention we are pleased to quote as follows:"D.D." Raincoats100 men's medium @ US$14.50 US$ 1,450100 men's small 14.0 1,400100 women's medium 13.2 1,320100 women's small 12.7 1,270US$ 5,440Payment: by irrevocable L/C at sightShipment: Shipment will be effected within three or four weeks after receiving the L/C.This offer is subject to our final confirmation. We feel you may be interested in our other products and enclose some pamphlets for your reference.We are awaiting your early orders.Yours sincerely, VII. Write a counter-offer according to the following particulars:Keys:Dear Sirs,We thank you for your quotation May 10 for 1,000 sets of Hair IceBox. We find your price as well as delivery date satisfactory, however, we would give our suggestions of an alternation of your payment terms.Our past purchase of other household electrical appliances from you has been paid as a rule by confirmed, irrevocable letter of credit at sight. On the basis, it has indeed cost us a great deal. From the moment to open credit till the time our buyers pay us, the tie-up of our funds lasts about four months. Under the present circumstances, this question is particular taxing owing to the tight money condition and unprecedentedly high bank interests.In view of our long business relations and our amicable cooperation prospects, we suggest that you accept either “cash against documents on arrival of goods” or “drawing on us at 60 day’s sight”.Your first priority to the consideration of the above request and an early favorable reply will be highly appreciated.Yours sincerely,VIII. Translate the followings into English1). Economic activity began with the cavemen, who was economically self-sufficient. He did his own hunting, found his own shelter, and provided for his own needs. As primitive populations grewand developed, the principle of division of labor evolved. One person was more able to perform some activity than another, and therefore each person concentrated on what he did best. While one hunted, another fished. The hunter then traded his surplus to the fisherman, and each benefited from the variety of diet.In today’s complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient nations are self-sufficient. Nations have utilized different economic resources; people have developed different skills. This is the foundation of international trade and economic activities.Foreign trade, the exchange of goods between nations, takes place for many reasons. The first, as mentioned above, is that no nation has all of the commodities than it needs. Raw materials are scattered around the world. Large deposits of copper are mined in Peru and Zaire, diamonds are mined in South Africa, and petroleum is recovered in Middle East. Countries that do not have these resources within their own boundaries must buy from countries that export them.Foreign trade also occurs because a country often does not have enough of a particular item to meet its needs. Although the United States is a major producer of sugar, it consumes more than it can produce internally and thus must import sugar.Third, one nation can sell some items at a lower cost than other countries. Japan has been able to export large quantities of radios and television sets because it can produce them more efficiently than other countries. It is cheaper for the United States to buy these from Japan than to produce them domestically.Finally, foreign trade takes place because of innovation or style. Even though the United States produces more automobiles than any other country, it still imports large quantities of autos from Germany, Japan and Sweden, primarily because there is a market for them in the United States.2). The different kinds of trade nations engaged in are varied and complex, a mixture of visible and invisible trade. Most nations are more dependent on exports than on any other activity. The earnings from exports pay for the imports that they need and want. A nation’s balance of payment is a record of these complex transactions. By reflecting all of these transactions in monetary terms , a nation is able to combine the income it receives, for example, from exports, tourists expenditures, and immigrant remittances. This combined incomes is then spent on such items as manufactured goods from other countries, travel for its citizens to other countries, and the hiring of construction engineers.IX. Case Study[Answer]:A 公司与B公司的第一封信函可视为发盘，在该发盘中A公司对包装做出了要求。
（完整版）国际贸易实务英文版第三版知识点及模拟题
（完整版）国际贸易实务英⽂版第三版知识点及模拟题国际贸易实务(下划线为重点记忆和理解，⽆的为⼀般记忆和了解)Chapter one1.国际贸易概念：International trad e is also known as worl d trad e, foreign trad e,overseas trad e. It refers to the process of fair and d eliberate exchange of goods or services between two or more countries, involving the use of two or more currencies. Besid es, international trad e concerns trad e operations of both import and export and includ es the purchase and sale of both visibl e and invisibl e goods.2.（了解）1)Resource reasons (natural resource, human resource and technology)2)Economic reasons (economic benefits, comparative advantage andeconomies of scal e)3)Other reasons (political reasons, differences in tastes, preferences andconsumption patterns)3.国际贸易与国内贸易的不同：In particular, international trad e is more subject to:Language habits and cultural differences2)Foreign laws, customs and regulations or international rul es3)Exchange rate fluctuations and interest rate4)Higher l evel of political, financial and transportation risks5)More compl ex business procedures therefore managers need a broad errange of management skills4.1)从货物流向（direction of cargo fl ow）分: export trad e, import trad e and transit trad e(过境贸易)2)从参与的贸易⽅（the number of participants ）分：direct trad e, indirect trad e and entrepot trad e(转⼝贸易)转⼝贸易：entrepot trade refers to the transaction which involves importing goods for further processing or assembling and the re-exporting the goods abroad. 转⼝贸易⼜称中转贸易或再输出贸易，是指国际贸易中进出⼝货物的买卖，不是在⽣产国和消费国之间直接进⾏，⽽是通过第三国转⼿进⾏的贸易。
国贸双语知识点总结
国贸双语知识点总结在国贸领域，有很多重要的知识点需要我们了解和掌握。
下面将对国贸的一些重要知识点进行总结和介绍。
一、国际贸易的基本概念国际贸易是指不同国家之间的商品和服务的交换活动。
它是现代国际经济活动中最基本的环节，有着极其重要的地位。
国际贸易通过商品和服务的进出口，可以使不同国家充分利用各自的资源和优势，实现互利共赢，推动各国经济发展。
国际贸易有利于促进资源的配置，优化生产方式，提高全球生产效率和经济效益。
国际贸易的基本特点包括：1.国际性：国际贸易是指不同国家之间的贸易活动，它涉及到不同国家的企业和消费者，是全球化经济的重要组成部分。
2.跨国性：国际贸易的主体跨越国界，产品和服务跨越国境，这就意味着需要遵守不同国家的法律和规定。
3.多元化：国际贸易涉及到多种货品和服务的交换，包括原材料、加工品、成品、技术和服务等。
4.贸易壁垒：各国之间存在着不同形式的贸易壁垒，如关税、非关税壁垒等。
二、国际贸易的影响因素1. 价格因素国际贸易的发生和发展，一定程度上源自于不同国家或地区资源禀赋和生产成本的不同。
资源禀赋差异促使不同国家或地区的生产成本存在差异，使得商品在全球的价格水平也存在差异，这为国际贸易提供了基础。
2. 贸易壁垒成本不同国家或地区具有不同的贸易壁垒成本，包括关税和非关税壁垒成本。
这些成本的存在导致国际贸易的不均衡和不充分，增加了国际贸易的成本。
3. 经济体规模国际贸易的经济体规模也是影响国际贸易的重要因素。
相对较小的经济体往往有较高的外贸比重，而相对较大的经济体则相对更能实现自给自足。
4. 交通和通讯成本交通和通讯的发展是国际贸易发展的重要因素。
低成本、高效率的交通和通讯网络能够降低国际贸易的交易成本，推动国际贸易的发展，扩大交易范围。
5. 政治和法律环境不同国家或地区的政治和法律环境对国际贸易产生着直接的影响。
对国际贸易的政策、法律的调整和变更，有时会成为推动国际贸易发展的关键。
6. 金融和货币政策金融和货币政策也是影响国际贸易的重要因素。
国际贸易实务_双语教案_附术语中英文对译
国际贸易实务教案Chapter 1 Brief Introduction to International Trade国际贸易简介1.1 Reasons for international trade1.1.1Resources Reasons(1) Natural resources.(2) Favorable climate conditions and terrain.(3) Skilled workers and capital resources.(4) Favorable geographic location and transportation costs.1.1.2Economic Reasons(1) Comparative advantage(2) Strong domestic demand(3) Innovation or style1.1.3Political Reasons1.2 Problems Concerning International Trade1.2.1Cultural Problems(1) Language.(2) Customs and manners.1.2.2Monetary Conversions1.2.3Trade BarriersIndividual countries put controls on trade for the following three reasons:(1) To correct a balance-of-payments deficit.(2) For reasons of national security.(3) To protect their own industries against the competition of foreign goods.Although tariffs have been lowered substantially by international agreements, countries continue to use other devices to limit imports or to increase exports. Some of these are:(1) requiring import licenses that permit only specific volumes or values imports;(2) setting quotas that limit the total value or volume of a product to be imported;(3) limiting government purchases to firms within the country;(4) applying standards for safety, consumer protection, or other reasons, which foreign products may not be able to meet;(5) making special payments called export subsidies to encourage local exporters to increase foreign sales;(6) targeting——a new term meaning the imposition of a package of measures to give certain local industries a competitive advantage in export markets. It might include export subsidies, technical assistance, subsidies for research and development, and financial assistance;(7) requiring licenses to obtain foreign currencies by those who want to buy goods from abroad——thus limiting the quantity of imports they can buy;(8) reducing the value of a nation’s currency in relation to that of the rest of the world so that its exported goods cost less in other countries and its imports cost more;(9) imposing conditions on foreign products such as requiring that their goods contain a certain amount of locally produced products;(10) restricting trade in banking, insurance, and other service professions.练习一：导论思考题：1国际贸易实务课程的主要任务和研究对象是什么？本课程包括哪些主要内容？2与国内贸易相比进出口贸易有何特点？3国际贸易中影响较大的惯例、条约有哪些？其主要内容是什么？有何特点？4根据我国合同法规定，合同应包括哪些主要内容？5进出口贸易一般要经过哪几个步骤？在进出口业务中，出口商/进口商的主要工作是什么？Chapter 5. Trade Terms and Export PricingPart I. Outline本章要点5.1 Trade Terms and International Trade Practices贸易术语与国际贸易惯例5.2 13 Trade Terms in INCOTERMS 2000《2000通则》中的13中贸易术语5.3 Selection of Trade Terms贸易术语的选用5.4 Export Pricing出口定价5.1Trade Terms and International Trade Practices贸易术语与国际贸易惯例5.1.1 国际货物买卖适用的法律与惯例1、交易双方当事人所在国的国内法2、国家对外缔结或参加的有关国际贸易、国际运输、商标、专利、仲裁等方面的条约和协定。
国际贸易实务双语教程第四版 傅龙海
国际贸易实务双语教程第四版傅龙海1.国际贸易是各国开展经济合作的重要方式。
International trade is an important way for countries to engage in economic cooperation.2.通过国际贸易，各国可以互通有无，实现互利共赢。
Through international trade, countries can exchange resources and achieve mutual benefits.3.国际贸易有助于促进世界经济的繁荣发展。
International trade helps promote the prosperity and development of the world economy.4.了解国际贸易的基本知识对于经济学习者来说非常重要。
Understanding the basics of international trade is crucial for students of economics.5.国际贸易实务涉及到很多复杂的问题和程序。
International trade practice involves many complex issues and procedures.6.进出口业务需要遵守国际贸易法规和惯例。
Import and export business require compliance with international trade regulations and practices.7.知识产权在国际贸易中具有重要的保护作用。
Intellectual property rights play an important protective role in international trade.8.贸易摩擦可能影响国际贸易的正常进行。
Trade frictions may affect the normal conduct of international trade.9.国际贸易需要通过谈判和协商来解决分歧。
国际贸易实务双语教程+重点汇总
国际贸易实务双语教程+重点汇总第四章Trade Terms1.贸易术语的作用;2.FCA/FOB/CFR/CIF/CPT/CIP买卖双方的责任义务(保险、租船订舱及支付运费、适合的运输方式、所加地点、进出口清关);3.EXW和DDP买卖双方责任义务比较;4.FCA术语装货的问题;5.CIF买卖双方的责任划分界限及关于索赔的相关规定;装船通知的规定6.CIF\CIP投保险种规定和投保加成率第五章Quality1.对等样品(counter sample)的定义:To avoid future disputes over the quality of the goods, the seller usually first duplicates the samples and then sends the duplicate to the buyer for confirmation.2.凭样成交、凭等级买卖、凭FAQ、凭GMQ、凭产地、凭品牌、凭说明书买卖的适用产品范围:3.质量有问题的处理Buyer has the right to ask for reducing the price difference, or will refuse to take the goods, even to cancel the contact and declare for compensation.4.凭样品卖方的种类(1) Sale by the seller’s sample (2) Sale by the buyer’s sample (3)Sale by the counter sample5.质量机动幅度的内容和类型:1. Specification of range2. Specification of limitation3. Specification of more or less (1) Quality Latitude/QualityFlexible Allowance (2) Quality Tolerance第六章Quantity1.数量单位的表示方法2.运费按W/ M 或W 或M计算的适用产品范围3.公量、毛重、净重、皮重的定义4.公量、理论重量适用的产品5.数量机动幅度的具体规定、溢短装条款及处理6.数量违约的界定和处理办法第七章Packing1.按货物如何包装,产品的分类2.指示性标志、警告性标志的辨别3.销售包装和运输包装的含义4.中性包装及定牌中性的定义5.整箱装、拼箱装、内外包装的作用6.运输包装(唛头)的制作第八章Price1.佣金(Commission)的定义。
国际贸易实务双语Chapter 10
国际贸易实务双语Chapter 10国际贸易实务双语Chapter 10第一节：背景介绍本章将介绍国际贸易实务中与国际金融相关的内容。
国际金融是指跨境支付、汇率风险管理、海外投资等在国际贸易中涉及的金融活动。
在国际贸易中，有效的国际金融策略和工具的运用对企业的贸易成功至关重要。
本节将介绍跨境支付的相关流程和常用工具，然后讨论汇率风险管理的方法和工具，介绍海外投资和融资的注意事项。
通过学习本节内容，学员将掌握国际金融的基本知识，为实际贸易操作提供指导。
第二节：跨境支付跨境支付是指在国际贸易中进行货款结算的过程。
由于国际贸易涉及不同国家之间的交易，货款结算涉及到跨境资金流动和外汇交易。
在跨境支付中，常用的工具包括电汇、信用证、托收和国际支票等。
1. 电汇电汇是指通过银行进行的跨境货款结算方式。
在电汇中，购买方通过银行委托向卖方的银行发出支付指令，卖方的银行收到指令后将货款划入卖方的账户。
电汇相对快速和安全，是国际贸易中常用的支付方式。
2. 信用证信用证是一种由银行开立的保证付款的文件。
在信用证中，购买方的银行承诺在卖方向其发出的货款要求信用证中所要求的条件得到满足时支付货款。
信用证可以提高卖方的支付保障，降低购买方的未履约风险。
3. 托收托收是指将交易凭证委托给银行，由银行向买方收款的过程。
托收相对于信用证来说操作流程较为简单，但支付保障程度较低。
4. 国际支票国际支票是指在国际贸易中使用的支票。
买方向卖方出具支票，卖方可以通过托收或银行本票等方式兑现支票。
国际支票的使用需要注意相关的国际清算规则和付款条件。
第三节：汇率风险管理在国际贸易中，由于涉及不同国家的货币，汇率波动可能会对交易的盈利和成本产生影响。
，管理汇率风险是国际贸易中的重要任务。
1. 前期汇率锁定前期汇率锁定是指在交易之前就确定交易的汇率，以规避汇率波动风险。
常用的前期汇率锁定方法包括远期合约和货币期权。
2. 经营性汇率风险管理经营性汇率风险管理是指在交易中灵活应对汇率波动，以降低风险。
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第四章Trade Terms1.贸易术语的作用;2.FCA/FOB/CFR/CIF/CPT/CIP买卖双方的责任义务(保险、租船订舱及支付运费、适合的运输方式、所加地点、进出口清关);3.EXW和DDP买卖双方责任义务比较;4.FCA术语装货的问题;5.CIF买卖双方的责任划分界限及关于索赔的相关规定;装船通知的规定6.CIF\CIP投保险种规定和投保加成率第五章Quality1.对等样品(counter sample)的定义:To avoid future disputes over the quality of the goods, the seller usually first duplicates the samples and then sends the duplicate to the buyer for confirmation.2.凭样成交、凭等级买卖、凭FAQ、凭GMQ、凭产地、凭品牌、凭说明书买卖的适用产品范围:3.质量有问题的处理Buyer has the right to ask for reducing the price difference, or will refuse to take the goods, even to cancel the contact and declare for compensation.4.凭样品卖方的种类(1) Sale by the seller’s sample (2) Sale by the buyer’ssample (3) Sale by the counter sample5.质量机动幅度的内容和类型:1. Specification of range2. Specification of limitation3. Specification of more or less (1) Quality Latitude/Quality Flexible Allowance (2) Quality Tolerance 第六章Quantity1.数量单位的表示方法2.运费按W/ M 或W 或M计算的适用产品范围3.公量、毛重、净重、皮重的定义4.公量、理论重量适用的产品5.数量机动幅度的具体规定、溢短装条款及处理6.数量违约的界定和处理办法第七章Packing1.按货物如何包装,产品的分类2.指示性标志、警告性标志的辨别3.销售包装和运输包装的含义4.中性包装及定牌中性的定义5.整箱装、拼箱装、内外包装的作用6.运输包装(唛头)的制作第八章Price1.佣金(Commission)的定义2.单价的组成要素3.CIF、CFR、FOB之间的换算公式及计算第九章Shipment1.海运的优缺点;2.租船运输的种类3.提单的定义、种类、分类依据;提单的背书原则;清洁提单的作用特点;倒签、过期提单的区分4.定期租船的定义和关于装卸货费、滞期费、速遣费的规定;光船租船的特点;5.班轮的计算公式6.分批装运和转运的定义及原因7.合同中装运条款的主要内容第十章Insurance1.保险当事人名称及定义2. Insurance Value、Premium、保险责任起止时间和地点;3.FPA、WPA 、A.R.的承保范围;4.风险、损失、费用的辨识;5.单独海损、共同海损的定义及赔付规定6.保险单和保险凭证的效力7.I.C.C(A)\ I.C.C(B)\ I.C.C(C)的保险范围;第十一章Payment1.提交单据的日期、信用证支付的性质(信用特点)(348页红色星星处,346页红色星星处)2.即期汇票、远期汇票的定义和承兑317页,319页红色星星处3.本票和汇票的当事人区别和辨别321页红色星星、汇票的行为318页划线,星星处;银行本票的特点321页波浪线处4.电汇、(323页2红色星星处)即期付款交单325,326红色星星、远期付款交单的定义与风险、当事人;支付流程图327页星星5.信用证关于交单议付的相关规定、信用证种类343-346页红色星星、信用证议付流程340,341红色星星处第十二章Claim and settlement1.索赔争议的定义和鉴别2.不可抗力的相关规定英译中的术语复习范围1.Trade Terms 贸易术语2.Incoterms 通则3.Import License 进口许可证4.Customs Formalities 海关手续5.Hard Currency 硬币mission 佣金7. Sale by Description 凭文字说明买卖8. Specification 规格9. F.A.Q. 大陆货(良好平均品质010. G.M.Q 上好可销售品质11. Sale by Brand Name 凭牌号买卖12. Name of Origin 产地名13. Counter Sample 对等样品14. Sealed Sample 封样15. Quantity 数量16. Net Weight 净重17. Gross Weight 毛重18. Tare Weight 皮重19. Conditioned Weight 工量20. Theoretical Weight 理论重量21. Gross for Net 以毛作净22.More or Less Clause 溢短装条款23. Nude Cargo 裸装货24. Bulk Cargo 散装货25. Packed Cargo 包装货26. Transport Packing 运输包装Outer Packing27. Single Piece Packing单件运输包装28. Container 集装箱29. Pallet 托盘30. Neutral Packing 中性包装31. Brand Designated Neutral Packing 定牌32. Shipping Marks 运输标志33. Indicative Marks 指示性标志34. Warning Marks 警告性标志35. Perishable Goods 易腐物品36. Fragile 易碎物品37. Handle With Care 小心轻放38. Chartering 租船39.Voyage Charter 定程租船40.Time Charter 定期租船41.Bare boat Charter 光船租船42.Dispatch Money 滞期费43.Demurrage 速遣费44.Shipping by Liner 班轮运输45.FCL 整箱货46. LCL 拼箱货47.Time of Delivery 装运时间48.Port of Shipment 装运港49.Port of Destination 目的港50.Partial Shipments 分批装运51.Transshipment 转船装运52.Shipped on Board B/L, 已装船提单53.Received for Shipment B/L 备运提单54.Clean B/L 清洁提单55. Unclean B/L 不清洁提单56.Straight B/L 记名提单57. Order B/L 指示提单58.Blank B/L 不记名提单59.Anted dated B/L 倒签提单60.Stale B/L 过期提单61.W/W Clause 仓至仓条款62.Perils of the Sea 海险63.Natural Calamity 自然灾害64.Fortuitous Accident 意外事故65.Extraneous Risks 外来风险66.Actual Total Loss 实际全损67.Constructive Total Loss 推定全损68.General Average 共同海损69.Particular Average 单独海损70.Insurance Premium 保险费71.The Insured 被保险人72.The Insurer 承保人73.Basic Coverage 基本险74.F.P.A 平安险75.W.P.A 水渍险76.A.R 一切险77. Insurance Policy 保险单78.Open Policy 预约保险单79.Bill of Exchange/ Draft/Draft 汇票80.Parties: Drawer, Drawee, Payer, Payee 出票人,受票人,付款人,收款人81.Promissory Note 本票82.Sight Draft=Demand Draft 即期汇票83.Time Draft=Usance Draft 远期汇票mercial Draft 商业汇票85.Banker’s Draft 银行汇票86.To Draw 出票87.Presentation 提示88.Endorsement 背书89.Acceptance 承兑90.Dishonor 拒付91.Recourse追索92.D/P at sight 即期付款交单93.D/P after sight 运期付款交单94.D/A 承兑交单95.L/C 信用证96.Non-tariff barriers非关税壁垒97.C.Y. 货柜场98.C.F.S. 散货仓库。