初中英语被动语态和定语从句的用法详解
定语从句及被动语态课件
被动语态在各种句型中应用技
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巧讲解
简单句、并列句、复合句中被动语态应用技巧
简单句中的被动语态
在简单句中，被动语态常用于强调受事者或未知施事者的情况，如“The cake was eaten by the dog.”（蛋糕被狗吃了。）。
并列句中的被动语态
在并列句中，被动语态可用于其中一个分句，以突出受事者或与另一分句形成对比，如 “John wrote the book, but it was edited by Mary.”（约翰写了这本书，但它是被玛 丽编辑的。）。
关系代词和关系副词引导方式
关系代 词
包括who, whom, whose, that, which等，用于引导定语从句并代替先行词在 从句中充当主语、宾语等成分。例如：“The man who is speaking on the stage is our president.”（正在台上发言的人是我们的总统。）
当需要使句子表达更客观、中立时，可以使用被动语态，如“It is
believed that the new policy will improve the situation.”（人们相
信新政策会改善局势。）。
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使用被动语态使句子更流畅
当主动语态的施事者在上下文中不重要或已知时，可以使用被动语态使
定语从句及被动语态 课件
• 定语从句基本概念与分类 • 被动语态基本形式与用法 • 定语从句中关系代词选择原则及实例演示 • 被动语态在各种句型中应用技巧讲解 • 定语从句和被动语态结合使用注意事项及实例分析 • 总结回顾与拓展延伸
目录
定语从句基本概念与分类
限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句区分
限定性定语从句
初中中的被动语态用法详解
初中中的被动语态用法详解被动语态是英语中一个常用的语法结构，包含了及物动词的被动形式。
初中阶段，学生们需要逐渐掌握被动语态的用法。
本文将详细介绍初中中的被动语态用法。
一、被动语态的基本构成被动语态的基本构成由be动词的适当形式+过去分词构成。
be动词的形式根据句子的时态和主语的人称而定。
过去分词则根据动词的一般过去时的变化规则。
例如：- The car is repaired.（句子时态：一般现在时）- The car was repaired.（句子时态：一般过去时）- The car will be repaired.（句子时态：一般将来时）二、被动语态的用法1. 没有明确的执行者在被动语态中，我们强调动作的接受者而非执行者。
有时，在句子中并没有明确指出执行动作的人或事物。
例如：- The window was broken.（窗户被打破了。
）- The book will be published next month.（这本书将在下个月出版。
）2. 隐藏执行者在某些情况下，句子中刻意隐藏了动作的执行者。
例如：- The cake was eaten.（蛋糕被吃了。
）3. 顺序执行之动作被动语态常用于描述一系列按照一定顺序执行的动作。
例如：- The eggs are washed, peeled, and then boiled.（鸡蛋洗净、剥皮，然后煮熟。
）4. 惯用表达被动语态在某些固定的表达方式中也得到了广泛使用。
例如：- The decision was made.（决定已经做出。
）- The question was answered.（问题已经回答。
）三、主动语态与被动语态的转换在主动语态与被动语态之间进行转换时，需注意以下几点：1. 意义的改变：动作的焦点转移到了接受者身上，原主语成为了新的宾语；2. 动词形式的变化：be动词的形式和动词的过去分词形式相关；3. 语态的时态保持一致：主动语态的时态与被动语态的时态保持一致。
定语从句、被动语态
专题十八：定语从句一、定语从句：1.定语从句的概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
3.关系词：引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。
如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等。
4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引导的定语从句。
关系词指代在定语从句中的作用that既指人也指物作主语、宾语which指物作主语、宾语who指人作主语whom指人作宾语whose既指人也指物作定语二、定语从句：1.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that，which均可.但下列情况，只用that不用which。
1).当先行词为指物的不定代词，如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时，只能用that。
There is nothing ______ I can do for you .2).先行词被the only, the very, the last, all, no, little等词修饰,只用that。
This is the very book ___ I’m looking for .3).先行词被序数词修饰时，只用that . This is the first nextbook ______ I studied in the middle school .4).先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that。
This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen .=I have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian .5).先行词既有人也有物时，只能that 。
He told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had .2.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况，只能用which不用that。
中考仁爱英语语法复习：被动语态+宾语从句+定语从句+过去进行时+现在完成时
A. will take B. has taken B. is taken D. is taking
2020中考英语语法复习
宾语从句
学习目标
类型
宾语 从句
语序
时态
情境导入
I know. She is a teacher. （合并为一句话） I know that she is a teacher. 跟在动词、介词、形容词后，在句子中起宾语作用的从句
2. I don’t know ___D__ up so early last Sunday.
A. why did he get C. why does he get
B. why he gets D. why he got
疑问词+主语+谓语
2020中考英语语法复习
定语从句
学习目标
概念
定语 从句
关系 代词
知识应用
1. Who can tell me when _______B_____? 宾语从句用陈述语序
A. the phone is invented B. the phone was invented
C. is the phone invented D. was the phone invented
作原因状语 Is this the reason why you were late?
知识应用
用关系代词who; which; that填空
that 1. Do you know the girl __w__h_o_ likes singing? 作主语
that 2. The building _w__h_ic_h_ I visited will be put down. 作宾语
初中英语被动语态和定语从句的用法详解
初中英语被动语态的用法详解一、被动语态的结构主动语态(The Active V oice表示主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态(The Passive V oice表示主语是动作的承受者。
构成:承受者+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者一般现在时:am/is/are+过去分词.一般过去时:was/were+过去分词一般将来时:shall /will be +过去分词现在完成时:have /has been +过去分词现在进行时:am/is/are+being+过去分词.过去将来时:should /would be +过去分词.含情态动词的被动结构:情态动词+be+过去分词.二、被动语态的用法1当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁,或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时,需用被动语态。
2当我们需要强调动作的承受者时,常用被动语态。
3如果需要说出动作的执行者, 用by引导出动作的执行者。
主动语态变为被动语态时,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
三、主动语态变为被动语态的情况1主语+谓语动词+宾语将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(主动We bought a book yesterday. (被动The book was bought yesterday.2主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语将主动语态中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语。
多数情况下将间接宾语变为主语。
如果直接宾语变为主语时,间接宾语前要加介词to / for。
(主动He showed me a book yesterday. (被动I was showed a book yesterday. (被动The book was showed to me yesterday.3主语+谓语动词+复合宾语含有一个由宾语加宾语补足语构成的复合宾语,变为被动语态时,将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语,宾语补足语保留不变,成为主语补足语。
雅思托福语法之被动语态、定语从句
将主动语态中的主语和宾语颠倒 位置，并将谓语动词变为被动形
式。
02 定语从句
定义与特点
定义
定语从句是一种修饰名词或代词的从 句，用于描述名词或代词的特征或属 性。
特点
定语从句通常紧跟在所修饰的名词或 代词之后，用关系代词（如that、 which、who等）引导，对名词或代 词进行限定或补充说明。
04 练习与巩固
被动语态练习题
总结词
掌握被动语态的基本结构和用法
详细描述
被动语态是英语语法中的重要部分，用于描述动作的接受者而不是执行者。通过 练习题，可以加深对被动语态的理解和运用，包括各种时态和语态的转换，以及 在复杂句型中的应用。
定语从句练习题
总结词
熟悉定语从句的规则和用法
详细描述
定语从句用于修饰名词或代词，对其属性或特征进行描述。通过练习题，可以熟悉定语从句的规则和用法，包括 关系代词的选择、从句的时态和语态等，以及在写作中的应用。
雅思托福写作练习题
总结词
提高雅思托福写作水平
详细描述
雅思托福写作考试要求考生具备良好的语法和表达能力。通过练习雅思托福写作题，可以锻炼考生的 思维逻辑、语言表达和语法运用能力，提高雅思托福写作水平。
THANKS
功能不同
定语从句主要用来修饰名词或代词，限定其范围或补充说明其特征，而同位语 从句则用来补充说明主语的身份、地位等信息。
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雅思托福考试中的被动语态与 定语从句
雅思托福考试中被动语态的考查重点
被动语态的基本形式
雅思托福考试中常考查被动语态的基本形式，如“be+过去分词 ”等。
被动语态的时态变化
考生需要掌握被动语态的各种时态，如一般现在时、一般过去时、 将来时等。
初中英语中的被动语态用法总结
初中英语中的被动语态用法总结被动语态是英语中的一种重要的语法结构，它在初中阶段就开始学习和应用。
被动语态的使用可以使句子更加丰富多样，表达更加准确。
本文将就初中英语中的被动语态用法进行总结。
一、被动语态的构成被动语态的构成是由助动词be的不同形式加上过去分词构成的。
根据不同的时态和人称，be的形式有所不同。
例如，一般现在时的被动语态构成为am/is/are + 过去分词，一般过去时的被动语态构成为was/were + 过去分词，而一般将来时的被动语态构成为will be + 过去分词。
二、被动语态的用法1. 表示动作的承受者未知或不重要被动语态常常用来表达动作的承受者未知或不重要的情况。
例如，"The book was written by an unknown author."（这本书是由一个未知的作者写的。
）在这个句子中，我们并不关心是谁写的这本书，重点是这本书是被写的。
2. 强调动作的承受者被动语态还可以用来强调动作的承受者。
例如，"The cake was eaten by Tom."（这个蛋糕是被汤姆吃的。
）在这个句子中，强调的是汤姆吃了这个蛋糕，而不是其他人。
3. 表示客观事实被动语态还可以用来表示客观事实。
例如，"English is spoken in many countries."（英语在很多国家都被使用。
）这个句子表达的是一个客观事实，不涉及具体的动作承受者。
4. 表示连续性动作被动语态还可以用来表示连续性动作。
例如，"The house is being built."（这个房子正在被建造。
）这个句子表达的是一个正在进行的动作。
5. 表示被动动作的结果被动语态还可以用来表示被动动作的结果。
例如，"The window was broken."（窗户被打破了。
）这个句子表达的是窗户已经被打破的结果。
被动语态和定语从句
中考英语主动语态变被动语态被动语态由“助动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词be的变化上，同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。
在将主动语态变为被动语态时，可按以下三个步骤：a.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
b.把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) ，并根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。
c.把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。
在无须说明动作的执行者或只强调动作的承受者时，by短语可以省略。
例如：All the people laughed at him. →He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory. →The bikes are made by them in the factory.含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时，应将其中一个宾语改为被动结构的主语，另一个宾语仍保留在原处。
一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语，直接宾语(指物)不变；另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语，间接宾语(指人)不变，这时,间接宾语前通常加介词to，有时加for。
例如：My father gave me a new book on my birthday.→I was given a new book (by my father) on my birthday. (间接宾语作了主语)→A new book was given to me (by my father) on my birthday. (直接宾语作了主语)含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后，to仍要保留。
例如：We can repair this watch in two days.→This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once.→It should be done at once.练习将下列句子变为被动语态：1. We often sing this song._______________________________2. He broke his leg in the match._______________________________3. She will sell her house soon._______________________________4. He is repairing the machine._______________________________5. He has finished his work._______________________________6. We call him Lao Wang._______________________________7. We must do something to help her._______________________________8. What did you say at the meeting?_______________________________9. He gave me some old magazines._______________________________10. He told me to wait at the gate._______________________________【参考答案】1. This song is often sung.2. His leg was broken in the match.3. Her house will be sold soon.4. The machine is being repaired.5. His work has been finished.6. He is called Lao Wang.7. Something must be done to help her.8. What was said at the meeting?9. I was given some old magazines.10. I was told to wait at the gate。
中考仁爱英语语法复习：被动语态+宾语从句+定语从句+过去进行时+现在完成时
知识应用
用关系代词who; which; that填空
that 1. Do you know the girl __w__h_o_ likes singing? 作主语
that 2. The building _w__h_ic_h_ I visited will be put down. 作宾语
Do you know the girl whose name is Lily? 作定语
知识讲解
when where why 表表 表 时地 原 间点 因
作状语
作时间状语 Do you remember the date when Lily was born?
作地点状语 There is a school where I studied six years ago.
知识讲解
1. 含有双宾语
直宾 Jim passed me a book just now.
间宾 I was passed a book by Jim just now.
含有双宾语的句子，通常把间接宾语变为主语。
知识讲解
2. 含有感官动词
We heard a girl play the piano in the room. A girl was heard to play the piano by us in the room.
知识讲解
1. 概念: 表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内正进行的动作。 2. 构成: was/were + 动词现在分词 We were not sleeping at home. Was he feeling well? 3. 用法: a: 表示某一时刻正进行的行为, 与特定的过去时间状语连用,常见的时间有: at 8 last night, at this time at that time, at that moment 等。 What were you doing at 10 yesterday morning? I was writing a letter to my father at that moment.
初中英语被动语态的用法归纳
初中英语被动语态的用法归纳被动语态是英语中的一种重要语法结构，用于强调动作的承受者或者对动作的强调不明确的情况。
下面是初中英语被动语态的用法归纳：一、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be”和动词的过去分词构成，其中“助动词be”的形式将根据主语的人称和时态进行变化。
以下是主要的助动词be的形式变化：1.一般现在时：is / am / are + 过去分词2.一般过去时：was / were + 过去分词3.一般将来时：will be + 过去分词4.现在进行时：is / am / are being + 过去分词5.过去进行时：was / were being + 过去分词6.现在完成时：has / have been + 过去分词7.过去完成时：had been + 过去分词二、被动语态的用法1.表示动作的发出者不明确或不重要的情况：The book is written in English.（这本书是用英语写的。
）2.当我们不知道主语是谁时：The letter was found on the desk.（这封信是在桌子上找到的。
）3.当主语是人时，通常不使用被动语态：She is preparing for the test.（她正在为考试做准备。
）4. 当动作的承受者是很明显的时候，可以用by短语表示：The cake was made by my mother.（这个蛋糕是我妈妈做的。
）三、被动语态的使用技巧1.如果主动语态中的宾语是不定式，将不定式变为过去分词后构成被动语态：I want to buy a new car.（我想买一辆新车。
）A new car is wanted to be bought by me.（一辆新车是我想买的。
）2. 如果主动语态中的宾语是that从句，则不定式变为不定式的被动式：They believe that he will finish the work in a week.（他们相信他会在一个星期内完成这项工作。
被动语态专讲、定语从句专讲
被动语态专讲一、引言汉语中对于被动语态的使用简直是小菜一碟，想必大家初次接触到“把”字句、“被”字句时大都不屑一顾。
很少有人主动把中文主被动的转换当作大碍。
但英文中因为动词时态的复杂，在转换成被动语态时自然容易搅得人头昏脑胀。
事实上我们经常用到的一些口语句型就是被动结构，如“Well done”、“The plane’s been delayed 10 minutes”等等。
如何对付被动语态，本文正是对症下药的良方一剂。
二、语态概述语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语的关系。
英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，即是主语在做这个动作；而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者，即动作的对象，此时，主语是动作的逻辑宾语。
例如：My uncle repaired the TV set yesterday. 昨天我叔叔修理了那台电视机。
The TV set was repaired (by my uncle) yesterday. 那台电视机昨天被(我叔叔)修理了。
三、被动语态的构成被动语态是由“be动词+(及物动词)过去分词”构成。
若要特别强调动作或行为的执行者时，句子后边需接by…，译为“被(由)……”。
不同时态的被动语态主要体现在助动词be的变化上，同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。
现已及物动词do为例，其各种时态四、被动语态的用法五、两种语态互变☆主动语态变被动语态1.2. 把谓语变成被动结构(be +过去分词)，时态要跟原主动语态一致；3. 主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，若为代词，要将主格改为宾格。
如果不强调动作的执行者，by短语可省略。
例如：主动句：People play football all over the world.被动句：Football ____________ (by people) all over the world.☆被动语态变主动语态被动句：This song was ________ (写) by Andy Lau.主动句：Andy Lau ________ (写) this song.六、特殊结构的被动语态1. 双宾结构的被动语态主动结构中如果有两个宾语，变成被动结构时，只将其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个宾语保留不变(即：变一留一)。
被动语态定语从句
被动语态一、被动语态概述：语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。
如：He opened the door. 他打开了这扇门。
（主动语态）The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。
（被动语态）二、被动语态的用法：1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。
The bridge was builtlast year.这座桥是去年建造的。
He was electe d chairm an.他被选为主席。
2、当更加强调动作的承受者时。
此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。
The room hasn't been cleane d yet.房间还没有打扫。
The tigerwas killed by him.老虎被他杀死了。
3、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。
如：The window was blownby wind.窗户被风吹开了。
The wholevillag e has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。
4、表示客观的说明常用"It is + 过去分词."句型。
It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.据说露茜已经出国了。
It is believ ed that he is a spy. (=He is believ ed to be a spy.)大家相信他是个间谍。
专题一二定语从句及被动语态详解
专题—定语从句（一）定义及相关术语1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。
（二）关系代词引导的定语从句1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。
Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。
2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。
Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。
定语从句和被动语态
定语从句一. 定语从句的三个概念1. 定语从句: 修饰一个名词或代词的句子/ 用来做定语的句子叫定语从句2. 关系词: 引出定语从句的词叫关系词3. 先行词: 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
二. 关系词在从句中代替先行词1. 关系词本身没有词义, 代替先行词的词义2. 必须充当定语从句中的一个成分3. 根据它在定语从句中所充当的成分将引导定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词三. 关系词的选择引导定语从句的关系代词有: who, whom, whose, that, which, as等，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分1. 先行词是人时的三种情况:(1) 先行词是人, 从句中缺少主语时, 用who或that作从句的主语e.g. I have a friend who/ that likes listening to classic music.注意：1) 当先行词是one, ones, anybody, anyone, all, none, those, people 等指人时, 一般用who, 不用thate.g. Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.2) 在以疑问词who开头的句子中, 或关系代词在从句中作表语时, 用that, 不用whoe.g. Who is the man that is shouting there?She is not the girl that she used to be.3) 在there be 句型中, 先行词是人, 只能用whoe.g. There are many people who are singing.(2) 先行词是人, 从句中缺动词宾语或介词宾语时, 用whom或that (介词后不用that)e.g. The teacher wants to return the book to the girl from whom he borrowed it.The teacher wants to return the book to the girl (whom/ that) he borrowed it from.(3) 先行词是人, 从句中缺少定语时, 用whosee.g. Do you know the boy whose parents are on holiday?2. 先行词是物时的三种情况:(1) 先行词是物, 从句中缺少主语时, 用that, which e.g. You’d better not drink water which /that has not been boiled.(2) 先行词是物, 从句中缺少动词宾语或介词宾语时, 用which或that, 注意介词后不用thate.g. This is the house in which once Lu Xun lived .This is the house (which/ that) once Lu Xun lived in.(3) 先行词是物, 且从句中缺少定语时, 用whose或the+名词+of which的结构e.g. We study in the classroom whose door / the door of which faces south.3.下列情况下, 只用that, 不用which引导定语从句(1) 先行词是不定代词, 如all, none, little, few, much, one, some, anything, nothingeverything, something等e.g. Is there anything that you want?(2) 先行词被all, no, every, some, little, few, much, one of , the only, the very, the right, the same等所修饰时e.g. The only thing that he remembered was her name.(3) 先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时e.g. This is the first film that I’ve seen since I came here.She is the most beautiful girl that I had known.(4) 先行词中既有人又有物时e.g. They talked about the teachers and the things (that) they remembered in the school.(5) 以which开头的疑问句中, 多用that引导从句e.g. Which is your book that you always read.引导定语从句的关系副词有: when, where, why , 在定语从句中充当状语的成分, 即在从句中起副词和介词短语的作用1. Wheree.g. This is the house.I was born in the house.=This is the house where I was born. (where代替先行词house)=This is the house which / that / 不填I was born in.=This is the house in which I was born.2. whene.g. We’ll never forget the day.We joined the party on the day.= We’ll never forget the day when we joined the party.= We’ll never forget the day which / that/ 不填we joined the party on.= We’ll never forget the day on which we joined the party.3. whye.g. The reason why I am calling you is to invite you to a party.The reason is that I want to invite you to a party. (表语从句)= The reason why I am calling you is that I want to invite you to a party.(既有定语从句又有表语从句)连接词在句子中的不同作用:e.g. Hangzhou is the place that is very famous. (主语)Hangzhou is the place which I will never forget. (宾语)Hangzhou is the place to which I went last summer. (介词宾语)Hangzhou is the place whose scenery is beautiful. (定语)Hangzhou is the place where I went last summer. (状语)由as 引导的定语从句1. as 引导限定性定语从句时, 先行词常用such和same修饰, as在从句中不省略e.g. We do the same work as they do.2. as 引导的非限定性定语从句，as代表整个主句的意义e.g. We jumped for joy at the news, as was natural.Taiwan, as is known to everyone, is a part of ChinaAs was usual with him, he went out for a walk after dinner.四. 定语从句与其他从句的区分：1. 定语从句与强调句的区分：（去掉it is/was和that 的部分, 若句子成立则为强调句）e.g. It was on that day that he left school. (强调句)2. 定语从句与结果状语从句的区分：（看连接词是不是在句中担当成分, 若担当则为定语从句）e.g. He is such a kind person as everybody likes. (定语从句)He is such a kind person that everybody likes him. (结果状语从句)3. 定语从句与同位语从句的区分：（看连接词是不是在句中担当成分, 若不担当而只表示前面名词的具体内容则为同位语从句）e.g. The news that he had passed the exam surprised us. (同位语从句)The news that we heard surprised us. (定语从句)五. 介词+关系代词引导定语从句时介词或关系代词的选择：1. 介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配e.g. The farm on which I once worked is very beautiful.2. 介词与从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配：e.g. Who is the man with whom our teacher is talking?3. 介词与从句中的形容词是一种习惯性搭配e.g. Ours is a great country, of which we are proud.4. 表示“所有格”或“整体与部分关系”时, 用介词ofe.g. I was given three books on cooking, the first of which I really enjoyed.There are over 100 teachers, sixth percent of whom are women.定语从句考点分析1. The best work ______ Lu Xun wrote and ______ I have read has been made into a film.A. which; thatB. that; ×C. ×; thatD. ×; ×析：如果两个定语从句并列，关系代词作宾语时前一句的可以省略，但后一句的不可省略，故应选C。
中考仁爱英语语法复习：被动语态+宾语从句+定语从句+过去进行时+现在完成时
知识应用
1. —May I use your bike? —Sorry, it___B___ by my brother yesterday.
was/were + done
A. is broken B. was broken C. broke D. will break 2. Don’t worry. Your son _____B___ good care of here. be + done
A. will take B. has taken B. is taken D. is taking
2020中考英语语法复习
宾语从句
学习目标
类型
宾语 从句
语序
时态
情境导入
I know. She is a teacher. （合并为一句话） I know that she is a teacher. 跟在动词、介词、形容词后，在句子中起宾语作用的从句
知识讲解
不能使用被动 语态的情况
The flower smells sweet. Your bedroom needs cleaning right now. The story happened on a cold morning.
1. 连系动词以主动形式表被动含义。 2. 有些词组的主动形式表被动含义。 3. 表示“发生”的happen或take place无被动语态。
感官动词变被动语态时，需要把不定式符号to还原。
知识讲解
3. 含有使役动词
The teacher makes the students do homework. The students are made to do homework by the teacher.
被动语态定语从句
被动语态一、被动语态概述：语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。
如：He opened the door. 他打开了这扇门。
（主动语态）The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。
（被动语态）二、被动语态的用法：1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。
The bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建造的。
He was elected chairman.他被选为主席。
2、当更加强调动作的承受者时。
此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。
The room hasn't been cleaned yet.房间还没有打扫。
The tiger was killed by him.老虎被他杀死了。
3、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。
如：The window was blown by wind.窗户被风吹开了。
The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。
4、表示客观的说明常用"It is + 过去分词."句型。
It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.据说露茜已经出国了。
It is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a spy.)大家相信他是个间谍。
5、其它常见的"It is + 过去分词+ that"句型还有:It is reported that…据报道It is said that…据说It is believed that…大家相信It is suggested that…有人建议三、主动语态变为被动语态1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：（1）将主动句的宾语变为主语：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。
被动语态 定语从句总结
英语被动语态用法归纳总结一、被动语态定义和用法当我们要突出某个行为的执行者时，应使用主动语态来表达，而要强调动作的承受者时，就要使用被动语态来表达。
主语为动作的执行者时，表示主动语态。
e.g. He told the story. (主动语态）他讲了这个故事。
主语为动作的承受者时，表示被动语态。
e.g.The story was told by him. (被动语态）这个故事被他讲了。
二、一般现在时被动语态的各类句式总结如下：1. 肯定句：主语+am / is / are+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)2. 否定句：主语+ am / is / are not+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)3. 一般疑问句：Am / Is / Are +主语+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ am / is / are + 主语+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)e.g. This song is still loved by many young people today.这首歌现在仍然受到许多年轻人的喜爱。
(肯定句)This camera is not made in Japan.这部相机不是日本制造的。
(否定句)—Is the film called Snow White?这部电影是叫《白雪公主》吗？(一般疑问句)—Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t. 是的。
/不是。
—How many people were mentioned in the conversation?(特殊疑问句) 对话中提到了几个人？—Two. 两个。
三、一般过去时的被动语态被动语态的动词形式为：be+动词的过去分词，其中be为助动词，根据不同的人称和时态有形式的变化。
因此，一般过去时的被动语态为：1. 肯定句：主语+was/were+动词过去分词（+ by+动作执行者）e.g. The letter was written by Jim.2. 否定句：主语+was/were not+动词过去分词（+ by+动作执行者）e.g. The letter wasn’t written by Jim.3.一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+动词过去分词+（by+动作执行者）e.g. Was the letter written by Jim?4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+动词的过去分词+（by+动作执行者）e.g. When was the letter written by Jim?当动词不定式作宾语补足语时，要把主动语态中表人的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语的位置不变。
定语从句.被动语态
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。
（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
（which / that在句中作宾语）The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。
初中英语被动语态用法小结
初中英语被动语态用法小结第一篇：初中英语被动语态用法小结初中英语被动语态用法小结一、语态概述英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
例如：Many people speak Chinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。
例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.英语English是动词speak的承受者。
二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时：am／is/are＋spoken一般过去时：was／were＋spoken一般将来时：will／shall be＋spoken现在进行时：am／is／are being＋spoken过去进行时：was/were being＋spoken现在完成时：have／has been＋spoken过去完成时：had been + spoken三、被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。
（不知道电脑是谁偷的）This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。
（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。
This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。
Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
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初中英语被动语态的用法详解一、被动语态的结构主动语态(The Active V oice)表示主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态(The Passive V oice)表示主语是动作的承受者。
构成：承受者+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词.一般过去时：was/were+过去分词一般将来时：shall /will be +过去分词现在完成时：have /has been +过去分词现在进行时：am/is/are+being+过去分词.过去将来时：should /would be +过去分词.含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词+be+过去分词.二、被动语态的用法1)当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁，或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时，需用被动语态。
2)当我们需要强调动作的承受者时,常用被动语态。
3)如果需要说出动作的执行者, 用by引导出动作的执行者。
主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
三、主动语态变为被动语态的情况1)主语+谓语动词+宾语将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(主动)We bought a book yesterday. (被动)The book was bought yesterday.2)主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语将主动语态中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语。
多数情况下将间接宾语变为主语。
如果直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前要加介词to / for。
(主动)He showed me a book yesterday. (被动)I was showed a book yesterday. (被动)The book was showed to me yesterday.3)主语+谓语动词+复合宾语含有一个由宾语加宾语补足语构成的复合宾语，变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语保留不变，成为主语补足语。
(主动)I found him a good pupil. (宾语补足语) (被动)He was found a good pupil. (主语补足语)4)短语动词变为被动语态有些短语动词相当于一个及物动词，其后可以接宾语，因此它们也有被动语态，但短语动词是不可分割的整体，变为被动语态时不可去掉其后面的介词或副词。
(主动)We should look after the patients very well.(被动)The patients should be looked after very well by us.5)宾语从句变为被动语态若主动语态中是宾语从句，变为被动语态时常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在后面。
It’s said that he passed the exam.6)被动语态应注意的几个特殊问题：(1)不及物动词带介词和介词宾语，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带上介词。
(主动)The students in class listen to the teacher carefully. (被动)The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class.(2)当动词带有复合宾语时，并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上“to”。
使役动词make have let，感官动词see watch notice hear feel等。
(主动)They make do all the work. (被动)We were made to do all the work.(主动)We often hear her sing English songs. (被动)She is often heard to sing English songs.(主动)I see him walk to school. (被动)He is seen to walk to school.初中英语定语从句的用法详解一、定语从句的概念在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包where, when, why等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。
在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
(that作主语)The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。
(that作宾语)2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如: The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。
(作主语)The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。
(作宾语)3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。
在口语中,有时可用who代替whom, 也可省略。
例如:The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。
(作主语)Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that, which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。
例如:This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。
例如: This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。
(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。
例如: The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。
(4)关系词只能用that的情况:a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如: He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如: Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如: This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如: I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如: Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如: There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如:What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如: This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如:Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
五、关系副词的用法(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。
例如: This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。
例如: This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
(3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。
例如: Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。