2014考研英语阅读专项冲刺练习及答案(七)
2014英语考研真题答案

2014英语考研真题答案2014年英语考研真题是许多考生备考时重要的参考资料之一。
以下是对2014年英语考研真题的答案解析。
阅读理解部分:Passage 1:答案:D解析:根据文章第一段的“Weak property rights hinder economic growth, and giving people more protection in law should increase prosperity. But how can countries improve their legal institutions, particularly in places with deeply entrenched corruption or politics that “make no sense”? This paper suggests a new way: by ‘judicial empowerment'.”可以得出答案为D。
Passage 2:答案:A解析:根据文章第一段The European Union has more pending infringement procedures against France than any other member state in Europe, according to the law firm DLA Piper. Between 2009 and 2013, France was found guilty of flouting European law 63 times.可以得出答案为A。
Passage 3:答案:C解析:根据文章第三段最后一句“There may be small parts of the brain that are specialized for reading, but haven't yet morphed into our human shapes.”可得出答案为C。
2014考研英语阅读理解专项模拟押题及答案解析(一)

2014考研英语阅读理解专项模拟押题及答案解析(一)以下《2014考研英语阅读理解专项模拟押题及答案解析(一)》由考研英语模拟题为您独家提供,欢迎大家参考。
A history of longand effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, itmay become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowingperiod after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight timeslarger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies ofscale. Its scientists were the world's best, its workers the most skilled.America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans andAsians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as othercountries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance provedpainful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over theirfading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such asconsumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreigncompetition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith.(Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July。
2014考研英语真题及答案解析(详细)

2014考研真题及答案解析Section I Use of LanguageDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(S) for each numbered blank and mark A, B ,C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 Points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance's name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(an) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 .Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 .The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing--much like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1.[A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2.[A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses3.[A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4.[A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure5.[A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook6.[A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7.[A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations8.[A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion9.[A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10.[A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11.[A]Therefore [B]Moreover [C]Otherwise [D]However12.[A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of13.[A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14.[A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility15.[A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16.[A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17.[A] to [B]with [C]for [D]on18.[A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually19.[A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20.[A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiar答案:1-5 ABDCA6-10 ACBDC11-15 DABAD16-20 BDCCB1. [标准答案] [A][考点分析] 上下文语义和连词辨析[选项分析] 本题考查连词。
2014考研英语阅读专项冲刺练习及答案(四)

2014考研英语阅读专项冲刺练习及答案(四)Archaeology as a profession faces two major problems. First, it is the poorest of the poor. Only paltry sums are available for excavating and even less is available for publishing the results and preserving the sites once excavated. Yet archaeologists deal with priceless objects every day. Second, there is the problem of illegal excavation, resulting in museum-quality pieces being sold to the highest bidder.I would like to make an outrageous suggestion that would at one stroke provide funds for archaeology and reduce the amount of illegal digging. I would propose that scientific archeological expeditions and governmental authorities sell excavated artifacts on the open market. Such sales would provide substantial funds for the excavation and preservation of archaeological sites and the publication of results. At the same time, they would break the illegal excavator’s grip on the market, thereby decreasing the inducement to engage in illegal activities.You might object that professionals excavate to acquire knowledge, not money. Moreover, ancient artifacts are part of our global cultural heritage, which should be available for all to appreciate, not sold to the highest bidder. I agree. Sell nothing that has unique artistic merit or scientific value. But, you might reply, everything that comes out of the ground has scientific value. Here we part company. Theoretically, you may be correct in claiming that every artifact has potential scientific value. Practically, you are wrong.I refer to the thousands of pottery vessels and ancient lamps that are essentially duplicates of one another. In one small excavation in Cyprus, archaeologists recently uncovered 2,000 virtually indistinguishable small jugs in a single courtyard. Even precious royal seal impressions known as melekh handles have been found in abundance — more than 4,000 examples so far.The basements of museums are simply not large enough to store the artifacts that are likely to be discovered in the future. There is not enough money even to catalogue the finds; as a result, they cannot be found again and become as inaccessible as if they had never been discovered. Indeed, with the help of a computer, sold artifacts could be more accessible than are the pieces stored in bulging museum basements. Prior to sale, each could be photographed and the list of the purchasers could be maintained on the computer. A purchaser could even be required to agree to return the piece if it should become needed for scientific purposes.It would be unrealistic to suggest that illegal digging would stop if artifacts were sold on the open market. But the demand for the clandestine product would be substantially reduced. Who would want an unmarked pot when another was available whose provenance was known, and that was dated stratigraphically by the professionalarchaeologist who excavated it?1. The primary purpose of the text is to propose[A] an alternative to museum display of artifacts.[B] a way to curb illegal digging while benefiting the archaeological profession.[C] a way to distinguish artifacts with scientific value from those that have no such value.[D] the governmental regulation of archaeological sites.2. Which of the following is mentioned in the text as a disadvantage of storing artifacts in museum basements?[A] Museum officials rarely allow scholars access to such artifacts.[B] Space that could be better used for display is taken up for storage.[C] Artifacts discovered in one excavation often become separated from each other.[D] Such artifacts’ often remain uncatalogued and thus cannot be located once they are put in storage.3. The author mentions the excavation in Cyprus (line 2, paragraph 4) to emphasize which of the following points?[A] Ancient lamps and pottery vessels are less valuable, although more rare, than royal seal impressions.[B] Artifacts that are very similar to each other present cataloguing difficulties to archaeologists.[C] Artifacts that are not uniquely valuable, and therefore could be sold, are available in large quantities.[D] Cyprus is the most important location for unearthing large quantities of salable artifacts.4. The author’s argument concerning the effect of the official sale of duplicate artifacts on illegal excavation is based on which of the following assumptions?[A] Prospective purchasers would prefer to buy authenticated artifacts.[B] The price of illegally excavated artifacts would rise.[C] Computers could be used to trace sold artifacts.[D] Illegal excavators would be forced to sell only duplicate artifacts.5. The author anticipates which of the following initial denials of his proposal?[A] Museum officials will become unwilling to store artifacts.[B] An oversupply of salable artifacts will result and the demand for them will fall.[C] Artifacts that would have been displayed in public places will be sold to private collectors.[D] Illegal excavators will have an even larger supply of artifacts for resale.[答案与考点解析]1. 【答案】B【考点解析】这是一道中心主旨题。
2014考研英语真题阅读解析

2014考研英语真题阅读解析以下《2014考研英语真题阅读解析》由考研频道为您精心提供,希望对大家有所帮助。
Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, D. Mark your choice on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency,” George Orbome, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit-and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for th e jobseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed. “We’re doing these things because we know they help people say off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsides laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”-protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to thejobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency —permanent dependency if you can get it —supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase “jobseeker’s allowance” —invented in 1996 —is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker” who had no mandatory right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions.Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,” conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at £71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.真题解析:文章概括:政府大臣Grorge Osbome提出了一个项目帮助失业的人找工作。
2014考研英语阅读冲刺练习 模拟测试及答案(3)

2014考研英语阅读冲刺练习模拟测试及答案(3)PassageThose who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and comfortable means of passing. They actually saw it as afactor in world peace. They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies. None of them foresaw that the more weare together-the more chances there are of war. Any boy or girl who is one of a large family knows that.Whenever any new invention is put forward, those for it and those against it can always find medical men to approve or condemn. The anti-railway group produced doctors who said that tunnels would be most dangerous to public health: they would produce colds, catarrhs (粘膜炎) and consumptions. The deafening noise and the glare of the engine fire, would have a bad effect on the nerves. Further, being moved through the air at a high speed would do grave injury to delicate lungs. In those with high blood-pressure, the movement of the train might produce apoplexy (中风). The sudden plunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel, and the equally sudden rush into full daylight, would cause great damage to eyesight. But the pro-railway group was of course able to produce equally famous medical men to say just the opposite. They said that the speed and swing of the train would equalize the circulation, promote digestion, tranquilize the nerves, and ensure good sleep.The actual rolling-stock was anything but comfortable. If it was a test of endurance to sit for four hours outside a coach in rain, or inside in dirty air, the railway offered little more in the way of comfort. Certainly the first-class carriages had cushioned seats; but the second-class had only narrow bare boards, while the third-class had nothing at all; no seats and no roof; they were just open trucks. So that third-class passengers gained nothing from the few mode except speed. In the matter of comfort, indeed they lost; they did, on the coaches, have a seat, but now they had to stand all the way, which gave opportunities to the comic (滑稽的) press. This kind of thing: A man was seen yesterday buying a third-class ticket for the new London and Birmingham Railway. The state of his mind is being enquired into.A writer in the early days of railways wrote feelingly of both second-and third-class carriages. He made the suggestion that the directors of the railways must have sent all over the world to find the hardest possible wood. Of the open third-class trucks he said that they had the peculiar property of meeting the rain from whatever quarter it came. He described them as horizontal shower-baths, from whose searching power there was no escape.1. All boys and girls in large families know that .A) a boy and a girl usually fight when they are togetherB) people tend to be together more than they used to beC) a lot of people being together makes fights likelyD) Railway leads the world to peace2. According to those who welcomed the railway, the railway itself should include all the following except .A) the railway enables people travel fastB) the railway brings comfort to peopleC) the railway makes the world peacefulD) the railway leads the world to war as well.3. According to the anti-railway group, all the followings are truebut .A) tunnels are dangerous to public healthB) the noise and the glare of the engine fire may affect people's nervesC) the rapid speed through the air does damage to people's lungsD) to those with high blood-pressure, the rapid speed of the train causes them to die4. We may safely conclude that .A) the author belongs to the anti-railway groupB) the author belongs to the for-railway groupC) the author speaks highly of the railwayD) the author may never take train because of its potential dangers5. What is the tone of this passage?A)PracticalB)SatiricalC)HumorousD)ExaggeratedAnswer1.C2.D3.D4.A5.C小提示:目前本科生就业市场竞争激烈,就业主体是研究生,在如今考研竞争日渐激烈的情况下,我们想要不在考研大军中变成分母,我们需要:早开始+好计划+正确的复习思路+好的辅导班(如果经济条件允许的情况下)。
2014考研英语答案

2014考研英语答案第一部分:阅读理解Passage 11. C2. D3. B4. A5. CPassage 26. A7. B8. D9. CPassage 310. A11. D12. BPassage 413. C14. B15. D16. A第二部分:完形填空17. B18. D19. A20. C21. B22. D23. A24. C25. B26. D27. A28. C29. B30. D第三部分:概括大意与完成句子31. A32. C33. B34. D35. D36. A37. C38. B39. D40. B第四部分:阅读填空41. D42. C43. A44. B45. B46. D47. A48. C49. B50. A第五部分:补全短文51. E52.G53. F54. C55. B第六部分:翻译56.Mobile payment has been gaining popularity in recent years, with more and more people using their smartphones to make payments instead of traditional cash or credit cards. It provides a convenient and efficient way for consumers to make purchases, while also reducing the need for physical currency.57.However, there are concerns about the security of mobile paymentsystems. Hackers and cybercriminals are constantly finding new ways toexploit vulnerabilities in these systems, which could lead to unauthorizedaccess to personal and financial information. Therefore, it is crucial forcompanies to implement robust security measures to protect users’ data.58.Additionally, the widespread adoption of mobile payment could haveimplications for traditional banking systems. As more people choose to usemobile payment services, the demand for physical bank branches and services may decrease. This could result in job losses and a shift in the way bankingservices are provided.59.Despite these challenges, the future of mobile payment lookspromising. With advancements in technology and increasing consumeracceptance, mobile payment is likely to become more secure and widelyadopted. It has the potential to revolutionize the way we make financialtransactions, making them faster, more convenient, and accessible to a larger population.60.In conclusion, mobile payment is a growing trend that offersnumerous benefits to consumers. However, it also poses security risks andpotential implications for traditional banking systems. It is important for both individuals and companies to stay informed about the latest developments in mobile payment and take necessary precautions to protect personal andfinancial data.总结本文对2014年考研英语答案进行了总结和整理。
2014考研英语阅读专项冲刺练习及答案(十七)

2014考研英语阅读专项冲刺练习及答案(十七)The intensive work of materials scientists and solid-state physicists has given rise to a class of solids known as amorphous metallic alloys or glassy metals. There is a growing interest among theoretical and applied researchers alike in the structural properties of these materials.When a molten metal or metallic alloy is cooled to a solid, a crystalline structure is formed that depends on the particular alloy composition. In contrast, molten nonmetallic glass-forming materials when cooled do not assume a crystalline structure, but instead retain a structure somewhat like that of the liquid — an amorphous structure. At room temperature the natural long-term tendency for both types of materials is to assume the crystalline structure. The difference between the two is in the kinetics or rate of formation of the crystalline structure which is controlled by factors such as the nature of the chemical bonding and the ease with which atoms move relative to each other. Thus, in metals, the kinetics favors rapid formation of a crystallines structure whereas in nonmetallic glasses the rate of formation is so slow that almost any cooling rate is sufficient to result in an amorphous structure. For glassy metals to be formed, the molten metal must be cooled extremely rapidly so that crystallization is suppressed.The structure of glassy metals is thought to be similar to that of liquid metals. One of the first attempts to model the structure of a liquid was that by the late J. D. Bernal of the University of London, who packed hard spheres into a rubber vessel in such a way as to obtain the maximum possible density. The resulting dense, random-packed structure was the basis for many attempts to model the structure of glassy metals.Calculations of the density of alloys based on Bernal-type models of the alloys metal component agree fairly well with the experimentally determined values from measurements on alloys consisting of a noble metal together with a metalloid such as alloys of palladium and silicon or alloys consisting of iron phosphors, and carbon, although small discrepancies remained. One difference between real alloys and the hard spheres area in Bernal models is that the components of an alloy have different size, so that models based on two sizes of spheres are more appropriate for a binary alloy for example. The smaller metalloid atoms of the alloys might fit into holes in the dense random-packed structure of the larger metal atoms.One of the most promising properties of glassy metals is their high strength combined with high malleability. In usual materials, one finds an inverse relation between the two properties, whereas for many practical applications simultaneous presence of both properties is desirable. One residual obstacle to practical applications that is likely to be overcome is the fact that glassy metals will crystallize at relatively low temperatures when heated slightly.1. The author is primarily concerned with discussing[A] crystalline solids and their behavior at different temperatures.[B] molten materials and the kinetics of the formation of their crystalline structure.[C] glassy metals and their structural characteristics.[D] metallic alloys and problems in determining their density.2. The author’s attitude toward the prospects for the economic utilization of glassy metals is one of[A] disinterest.[B] impatience.[C] optimism.[D] apprehension.3. According to the text, which of the following determines the crystalline structure of a metallic alloy?[A] At what rate the molten alloy is cooled.[B] How rapid the rate of formation of the crystalline phase is.[C] How the different-sized atoms fit into a dense random-packed structure.[D] What the alloy consists of and in what ratios.4. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the structure of liquid metals and the structure of glassy metals, as it is presented in the text?[A] The latter is an illustrative example of the former.[B] The latter is a large-scale version of the former.[C] The former is a structural elaboration of the latter.[D] The former is a fair approximation of the latter.5. It can be inferred from the text that, theoretically, molten nonmetallic glasses assume a crystalline structure rather than an amorphous structure only if they are cooled[A] very evenly, regardless of the rate.[B] rapidly, followed by gentle heating.[C] very slowly.[D] to room temperature.[答案与考点解析]1. 【答案】C【考点解析】本题是一道中心主旨题。
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2014考研英语阅读专项冲刺练习及答案(七)“I want to criticize the social system, and to show it at work, at its most intense.”Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics, since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the “poetic”novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness. But Virginia Woolf was a realistic as well as a poetic novelist, a satirist and social critic as well as a visionary: literary critics’ cavalier dismissal of Woolf’s social vision will not withstand scrutiny.In her novels, Woolf is deeply engaged by the questions of how individuals are shaped (or deformed) by their social environments, how historical forces impinge on people’s lives, how class, wealth, and gender help to determine people’s fates. Most of her novels are rooted in a realistically rendered social setting and in a precise historical time.Woolf’s focus on society has not been generally recognized because of her intense antipathy to propaganda in art. The pictures of reformers in her novels are usually satiric or sharply critical. Even when Woolf is fundamentally sympathetic to their causes, she portrays people anxious to reform their society and possessed of a message or program as arrogant or dishonest, unaware of how their political ideas serve their own psychological needs. (Her Writer’s Diary notes: “the only honest people are the artists,” whereas “these social reformers and philanthropists…harbor… discreditable desires under the disguise of loving their kind…”) Woolf detested what she called “preaching” in fiction, too, and criticized novelist D.H. Lawrence (among others) for working by this method.Woolf’s own social criticism is expressed in the language of observation rather than in direct commentary, since for her, fiction is a contemplative, not an active art. She describes phenomena and provides materials for a judgment about society and social issues; it is the reader’s work to put the observations together and understand the coherent point of view behind them. As a moralist, Woolf works by indirection, subtly undermining officially accepted mores, mocking, suggesting, calling into question, rather than asserting, advocating, bearing witness: hers is the satirist’s art.Woolf’s literary models were acute social observers like Chekhov and Chaucer. As she put it in The Common Reader, “It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote; and yet, as we read him, we are absorbing morality at every pore.” Like Chaucer, Woolf chose to understand as well as to judge, to know her society root and branch— a decision crucial in order to produce art rather than polemic.1. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] Poetry and Satire as Influences on the Novels of Virginia Woolf.[B] Virginia Woolf: Critic and Commentator on the Twentieth-Century Novel.[C] Trends in Contemporary Reform Movements as a Key to Understanding Virginia Woolf’s Novels.[D] Virginia Woolf’s Novels: Critical Reflections on the Individual and on Society.2. In the first paragraph of the text, the author’s attitude toward the literary critics mentioned can best be described as[A] disparaging.[B] ironic.[C] facetious.[D] skeptical but resigned.3. It can be inferred from the text that Woolf chose Chaucer as a literary example because she believed that[A] Chaucer was the first English author to focus on society as a whole as well as on individual characters.[B] Chaucer was an honest and forthright author, whereas novelists like D. H. Lawrence did not sincerely wish to change society.[C] Chaucer was more concerned with understanding his society than with calling its accepted mores into question.[D] Chaucer’s writing was greatly, if subtly, effective in influencing the moral attitudes of his readers.4. It can be inferred from the text that the most probable reason Woolf realistically described the social setting in the majority of her novels was that she[A] was aware that contemporary literary critics considered the novel to be the most realistic of literary genres.[B] was interested in the effect of a person’s social milieu on his or her character and actions.[C] needed to be as attentive to detail as possible in her novels in order to support the arguments she advanced in them.[D] wanted to show that a painstaking fidelity in the representation of reality did not in any way hamper the artist.5. Which of the following phrases best expresses the sense of the word “contemplative” as it is used in line 2, paragraph 4 of the text?[A] Gradually elucidating the rational structures underlying accepted mores.[B] Reflecting on issues in society without prejudice or emotional commitment.[C] Avoiding the aggressive assertion of the author’s perspective to the exclusion of the reader’s judgment.[D] Conveying a broad view of society as a whole rather than focusing on anisolated individual consciousness.[答案与考点解析]1. 【答案】D【考点解析】这是一道中心主旨题。