2020年翻译二级笔译实务练习题1
英语二级《笔译实务》样题
全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语二级《笔译实务》试卷Section1:English-Chinese Translation(50points)Translate the following two passages into Chinese.Passage1There they come,trudging along,straight upright on stubby legs,shoulders swinging back and forth with each step,coming into focus on the screen just as I’m eating my first bite of popcorn.Then Morgan Freeman’s voice informs us that these beings are on a long and difficult journey in one of the most inhospitable places on earth,and that they are driven by their“quest for love.”I’ve long known the story of the emperor penguin,but to see the sheer beauty and wonder of it all come into focus in the March of the Penguins,the sleeper summer hit,still took my breath away.As the movie continues, everything about these animals seems on the surface utterly different from human existence;and yet at the same time the closer one looks the more everything also seems familiar.Stepping back and considering within the context of the vast diversity of millions of other organisms that have evolved on the tree of life—grass,trees, tapeworms,hornets,jelly-fish,tuna and elephants—these animals marching across the screen are practically kissing cousins to us.Love is a feeling or emotion—like hate,jealousy,hunger,thirst—necessary where rationality alone would not suffice to carry the day.Could rationality alone induce a penguin to trek70miles over the ice in order to mate and then balance an egg on his toes while fasting for four months in total darkness and enduring temperatures of minus-80degrees Fahrenheit?Even humans require an overpowering love to do the remarkable things that parents do for their children.The penguins’drive to persist in behavior bordering 笔译实务（英语·二级）试卷第1页（共4页）on the bizarre also suggests that they love to an inordinate degree.I suspect that the new breed of nature film will become increasingly mainstream because,as we learn more about ourselves from other animals and find out that we are more like them than was previously supposed,we are now allowed to“relate”to them,and therefore to empathize.If we gain more exposure to the real—and if the producers and studios invest half as much care and expense into portraying animals as they do into showing ourselves—I suspect the results will be as profitable,in economic as well as emotional and intellectual terms—as the March of the Penguins.Passage2After years of painstaking research and sophisticated surveys,Jaco Boshoff may be on the verge of a nearly unheard-of discovery:the wreck of a Dutch slave ship that broke apart239years ago on this forbidding,windswept coast after a violent revolt by the slaves.Boshoff,39,a marine archaeologist with the government-run Iziko Museums, will not find out until he starts digging on this deserted beach on Africa’s southernmost point,probably later this year.After three years of surveys with sensitive magnetometers,he knows,at least, where to look:at a cluster of magnetic abnormalities,three beneath the beach and one beneath the surf,near the mouth of the Heuningries River,where the450-ton slave ship,the Meermin,ran aground in1766.If he is right,it will be a find for the history books—especially if he recovers shackles,spears and iron guns that shed light on how147Malagasy slaves seized their captors’vessel,only to be recaptured.Although European countries shipped millions of slaves from Africa over four centuries,archaeologists estimate that fewer than10slave shipwrecks have been found worldwide.If he is wrong,Boshoff said in an interview,“I will have a lot of explaining to do.”笔译实务（英语·二级）试卷第2页（共4页）He will,however,have an excuse.Historical records indicate that at least30 ships have run aground in the treacherous waters off Struis Bay,the earliest of them in1673.Although Boshoff says he believes beyond doubt that the remains of a ship are buried on this beach—the jagged timbers of a wreck are sometimes uncovered during September’s spring tide—there is always the prospect that his surveys have found the wrong one.“Finding shipwrecks is just so difficult in the first place,”said Madeleine Burnside,the author of Spirits of the Passage,a book on the slave trade,and executive director of the Mel Fisher Maritime Heritage Society in Key West, Florida.“Usually—not always—they are located by accident.”Other slave-ship finds have produced compelling evidence of both the brutality and the lucrative nature of the slave trade.Section2:Chinese-English Translation(50points)Translate the following two passages into English.Passage1改革开放27年来，中国发生了巨大变化。
2020下半年翻译资格考试二级笔译模拟题
2020下半年翻译资格考试二级笔译模拟题相信自己吧!坚持就是胜利!今天给大家带来了2020下半年翻译资格考试二级笔译模拟题，希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
2020下半年翻译资格考试二级笔译模拟题Schumpeter: Team SpiritBusinesses are embracing the idea of working in teams. Managing them is hardTeams have become the basic building-blocks of organisations. Recruitment ads routinely call for “team players”. Business schools grade their students in part on their performance in group projects. Office managers knock down walls to encourage team-building. Teams are as old as civilisation, of course: even Jesus had 12co-workers. But a new report by Deloitte, “Global Human Capital Trends”, based on a survey of more than 7,000 executives in over 130 countries, suggests that the fashion for teamwork has reached a new high. Almost half of those surveyed said their companieswere either in the middle of restructuring or about to embark on it; and for the most part, restructuring meant putting more emphasis on teams.Companies are abandoning functional silos and organising employees into cross-disciplinary teams that focus on particular products, problems or customers. These teams are gaining more power to run their own affairs. They are also spending more time working with each other rather than reporting upwards. Deloitte argues that a new organisational form is on the rise: a network of teams is replacing the conventional hierarchy.The fashion for teams is driven by a sense that the old way of organising people is too rigid for both the modern marketplace and the expectations of employees. Technological innovation puts a premium on agility. John Chambers, chairman of Cisco, an electronics firm, says that “we compete against market transitions, not competitors. Product transitions used to take five or seven years; now they take one o r two.” Digital technology also makes it easier for people to co-ordinate their activities without resorting to hierarchy. The “millennials” who will soon make up half the workforce in rich countries were reared from nursery school onwards to work in groups.The fashion for teams is also spreading from the usual corporate suspects (such as GE and IBM) to some more unusual ones. The Cleveland Clinic, a hospital operator, has reorganised its medical staff into teams to focus on particular treatment areas; consultants, nurses and others collaborate closely instead of being separated by speciality and rank. The US Army has gone the same way. In his book, “Team of Teams”, General Stanley McChrystal describes how the army’s hierarchical structure hindered its operations during the early stages of the Iraq war. His solution was to learn something from the insurgents it was fighting: decentralise authority to self-organising teams.A good rule of thumb is that as soon as generals and hospital administrators jump on a management bandwagon, it is time to ask questions. Leigh Thompson of Kellogg School of Management in Illinois warns that, “Teams are not always the answer – teams may provide insight, creativity and knowledge in a way that a person working independently cannot; but teamwork may also lead to confusion, delay and poor decision-making.” The late Richard Hackman of Harvard University once argued, “I have no question that when you have a team, the possibility exists that it will generate magic, producing so mething extraordinary… But don’t count on it.”Hackman (who died in 20XX) noted that teams are hampered by problems of co-ordination and motivation that chip away at the benefits of collaboration. High-flyers forced to work in teams may be undervalued and free-riders empowered. Groupthink may be unavoidable. In a study of 120 teams of senior executives, he discovered that less than 10% of their supposed members agreed on who exactly was on the team. If it is hard enough to define a team’s membership, agre eing on its purpose is harder still.Profound changes in the workforce are making teams trickier to manage. Teams work best if their members have a strong common culture. This is hard to achieve when, as is now the case in many big firms, a large proportion of staff are temporary contractors. Teamwork improves with time: America’s National Transportation Safety Board found that 73% of the incidents in its civil-aviation database occurred on a crew’s first day of flying together. However, as Amy Edmondson of Harvard points out, organisations increasingly use “team” as a verb rather than a noun: they form teams for specific purposes and then quickly disband them.熊彼特：团队精神(节选)各公司都信奉以团队形式工作的理念。
全国翻译专业资格水平考试二级笔译实务真题
全国翻译专业资格水平考试二级笔译实务真题全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试二级笔译实务真题【中译英】Passage 12000年，中国建成北斗导航试验系统，使我国成为继美、俄之后的世界上第三个拥有自主卫星导航系统的国家。
虽然目前它的定位精度与GPS还有一定的差距，但它具备了GPS 所没有的短报通信和位置报告的功能。
在没有手机信号的地方，用户也可以通过该系统发送短信。
2008年四川汶川大地震后，灾区电话无法接通，手机信号中断，救援员将北斗导航终端带入灾区，及时保持了与外界的通讯联络。
该系统的位置报告功能可以帮助交通管理部门掌握行驶车辆的位置，及时疏导交通，缓解交通拥堵状况。
虽然北斗卫星导航系统是中国独立发展、自主运行的卫星导航系统，但这并不影响它与世界上其他卫星导航系统之间的兼容性。
用户在同时使用北斗和GPS这两种导航系统时，定位和导航效果会更好。
Passage 2中国和欧洲是两大战略力量，肩负推动全球经济发展、促进人类文明进步、维护世界和平的'崇高使命，双方正在形成不断放大的战略交集，中国是最大的新兴市场国家，欧盟是最大的发达经济体，“最大”与“最大”交融，一切都有可能，“新兴”与“发达”携手，优势就会倍增，中欧在新兴和发达经济体合作中可以成为典范。
中国和欧洲分处欧亚大陆的两端，这块大陆是世界上面积最大的大陆，也是人口最多的大陆，市场空间广阔，发展机遇巨大。
中欧都主张国际关系民主化，在许多国际重大事务上有共同利益，双方关系具有越来越重要的全球影响。
中欧都有伟大的文明，中国推崇“和而不同”，欧盟倡导“多元一体”，13亿多中国人与7亿多欧洲人命运相连、前途相关，中欧在不同文明包容互鉴中可以成为引领。
【英译中】Passage 1Apple may well be the only tech company on the planet that would dare compare itself to Picasso.In a class at the company's internal university, the instructor likened the 11 lithographs that make up Picasso's "The Bull" to the way Apple builds its smartphones and other devicesThe idea is that Apple designers strive for simplicity just as Picasso eliminated details to create a great work of art.Steve Jobs established Apple University as a way to inculcate employees into Apple's business culture and educate them about its history, particularly as the company grew and the technical business changed. Courses are not required, only recommended, but getting new employees to enroll is rarely a problem.Randy Nelson, who came from the animation studio Pixar, co-founded by MrJobs, is one of the teachers of "Communicating at Apple." This course, open to various levels of employees, focuses on clear communication, not just for making products intuitive, but also for sharing ideas with peers and marketing products.In a version of the class taught last year, Nelson showed a slide of "The Bull," a series of 11 lithographs of a bull that Picasso created over about a month, starting in late 1945. In the early stages, the bull has a snout, shoulder shanks and hooves, but over the iterations, those details vanish. The last image is a curvy stick figure that is still unmistakably a bull."You go through more iterations until you can simply deliver your message in a very concise way, and that is true to the Apple brand and everything we do," recalled one person who took the course.In "What Makes Apple, Apple," another course that Nelsonoccasionally teaches, he showed a slide of the remote control for the Google TV, said an employee who took the class last year. The remote has 78 buttons. Then, the employee said, Nelson displayed a photo of the Apple TV remote, a thin piece of metal with just three buttons.How did Apple's designers decide on three buttons? They started out with an idea, Nelson explained, and debated until they had just what was needed - a button to play and pause a video, a button to select something to watch, and another to go to the main menu.The Google TV remote serves as a counter example; it had so many buttons because the individual engineers and designers who worked on the project all got what they wanted. But, Apple's designers concluded, only three were really needed.Passage 2Equipped with the camera extender known as a selfie stick, occasionally referred to as "the wand of narcissism,'' tourists can now reach for flattering CinemaScope selfies wherever they go.Art museums have watched this development nervously, fearing damage to their collections or to visitors, as users swing their sticks with abandon. Now they are taking action. One by one, museums across the United States have been imposing bans on using selfie sticks for photographs inside galleries(adding them to rules on umbrellas, backpacks, tripods),yet another example of how controlling crowding has become part of the museum mission.The Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden in Washington prohibited the sticks this month, and the Museum of Fine Arts in Houston plans to impose a ban. In New York, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, which has been studying the matter for sometime, has just decided that it, too, will forbid selfie sticks,too.New signs will be posted soon."From now on, you will be asked quietly to put it away,'' said Sree Sreenivasan, chief digital officer at the Met. "It's one thing to take a picture at arm's length, but when it is three times arm's length, you are invading someone else's personal space.'' The personal space of other visitors is just one problem. The artwork is another. "We do not want to have to put all the art under glass,'' said Deborah Ziska, the chief of public information at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, which bans selfie sticks.Last but not least is the threat to the camera operator, intent on capturing the perfect shot and oblivious to the surroundings. "If people are not paying attention in the Temple of Dendur, they can end up in the water with the crocodile sculpture,'' Sreenivasan said. We have so many balconies you could fall from and stairs you can trip on”At the Metropolitan Museum of Art on Thursday, Jasmine Adaos , a selfie-stick user from Chile, expressed dismay.”It’s just another product,” she said ”When you have a regular camera, it’s the same thing. I don’t see the problem if you’re careful,” But Hai Lin ,a student from Shandong, China, conceded that the museum might have at point .”You can hit people when they’re passing by.” she said.下载全文。
2020下半年翻译资格考试二级笔译练习题汇总
2020下半年翻译资格考试二级笔译练习题汇总没有付出，就没有收获，人只有上坡路才是最难走的，今天给大家带来了2020下半年翻译资格考试二级笔译练习题，希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
2020下半年翻译资格考试二级笔译练习题残雪断想岑桑残雪不甘沦落，东一堆，西一堆，在那坑坑洼洼的地方，还积得老深，散发出令人战栗的寒气。
所以，你还不相信隆冬已尽，春天已经来临了吗?那时候，朔风凛冽，周天寒彻，我们这个世界埋在坚冰底下，气息奄奄。
人间是喑哑的，欢乐和树林一起凋零了。
希望蜷伏在冻土的深处冬眠;生活的光彩都已褪尽，歌声都已隐没，只有叹息，只有风声和寒鸦的啼叫。
人们心都碎了，神经都麻木了。
绿色的信念随着枯枝败叶慢慢地枯萎，如果说世界还有鲜丽的色彩留存，指的也许就是雪原之上的斑斑血迹了。
那简直是一个漫长的冰川时期呵!长夜里，人们习惯于在苦寒和无望中生活，以致到了冰消春暖的时光，对于时序的迁流，竟还有人木然不敢置信。
莫非正是因为这样，你才不相信春光就在眼前?残雪不甘逝去，这里一摊，那里一摊;在那背着阳光的角落.还积得很厚，发出咄咄逼人的余威。
所以，你还不承认隆冬已尽，春天已经来临了吗?那时候，千里冰封，万里雪飘，我们这个世界委实凝结得太久太久了。
人们屈处于冰雪的淫威之下，痛苦地期待着、期待着。
对于春天的渴望，使他们焦灼得快要撕裂自己的胸膛。
啊，什么时候，才有彩蝶蹁跹，才见群莺飞舞?什么时候呵，才让繁花竞放，树木葱茏，蜂房酿满蜜汁，人心注满情谊……美丽的期待，在人们心怀里跳荡不安;因为生活荒凉已久，谁也难以继续忍受了。
人们祈求一夜之间冰化雪消，花繁叶茂;而坚冰毕竟太厚，最初的春色毕竟还不够浓艳。
现实并无点化而成的奇迹，得以满足人们可以理解的迫切心愿，以致到了飞燕衔泥的时光，竟还有人感觉不到如今已是换了人间。
莫非正是由于这样，你才不承认春光就在眼前?残雪以它白皑皑的回光，刺痛我们的眼睛;然而它正在崩溃，再也堆不起几个雪罗汉了。
翻译资格考试英语 CATTI 二级笔译实务全真模拟题(一)(附参考译文)
CATTI 二级笔译实务全真模拟题（一）（附参考译文）Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points) Translate the following two passages into Chinese.Passage 1Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to construct them-clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal-it was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the “applied arts”. Approaching crafts from the point of view of function, we can divide them into simple categories: containers, shelters and supports. There is no way around the fact that containers, shelters, and supports must be functional. The applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics, which pertain to both the materials used in their making and the substances and things to be contained, supported, and sheltered, These laws are universal in their application, regardless of cultural beliefs, geography or climate. If a pot has no bottom or has large openings in its sides, it could hardly be considered a container in any traditional sense. Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision, have determined the general form of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits, Buildings without roofs, for example, are unusual because they depart from the norm.Sensitivity to physical laws is thus an important consideration for the maker of applied-art objects. It is often taken for granted that this is also true for the maker of fine-art objects. This assumption misses a significant difference between the two disciplines. Fine-art objects are not constrained by the laws of physics in the same way that applied-art objects are. Because the primary purpose is not functional, they are only limited in terms of the materials used to make them. Sculptures must, for example, be stable, which requires an understanding of the properties of mass, weight distribution, and stress, Paintings must have rigid stretchers so that the canvas will be taut, and the paint must not deteriorate, crack, or discolor. These are problems that must be overcome by the artist because they tend to intrude upon his or herconception of the work. For example, in the early Italian Renaissance, bronze statues of horses with a raised foreleg usually had a cannonball under that hoof, This was done because the cannonball was needed to support the weight of the leg. In other words, the demands of the laws of physics, not the sculptor's aesthetic intentions, placed the ball there, That this device was a necessary structural compromise is clear from the fact that the cannonball quickly disappeared when sculptors leaned how to strengthen the internal structure of a statue with iron braces (iron being much stronger than bronze).【参考译文】英译汉:第一篇如今，人们往往根据工艺品的材质来称呼它们，比如陶土工艺品、玻璃工艺品、木制工艺品、纤维工艺品、金属工艺品等，但最初人们通常根据它们的功能将它们统称为“应用艺术”。
2020年英语翻译资格考试2级笔译模拟试题及答案(1)完整篇.doc
2016年英语翻译资格考试二级笔译模拟试题及答案(1)Section 1: V ocabulary and Grammar (25 points)Part 1 V ocabulary Selection1. The Kyoto Protocol has been designed to ____ the global environmental problems. A. dress B. address C. stress D. distress2. Part of the investment is to be used to ____ that old temple to its original splendor. A. rest B. recover C. replace D. restore3. The list of things we need to think about which will be ______ by climate change is endless.A. affiliatedB. affectedC. affirmedD. effected4. Now a single cell phone is able to store a large ____ of information about an individual life.A. dealB. numberC.amountD. account5. We will not be held responsible for any damage which results ____rough handling. A. from B. off C. in D. to6. Our products are displayed in Stand B22, ____ you will find me during office hours. A. when B. which C. that D. where7. We cannot see any possibility of business _____ your price is on the high side of the prevailing market trend.A. whichB. sinceC. thatD. though8. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event _____ is equal to the probability that it will not occur.A. occurringB. occurredC. occursD. occur9. “They’re the best team I’ve seen thus far,”says ____ men’s basketball coach Larry Brown.A. American’sB. USC. the USAD. United State of America10. Many Americans do not understand why there is so much international criticism of the US policy on ____ change.A. atmosphereB. skyC. weatherD. climate11. In order to obtain the needed information, you should write simply, clearly, and concisely ____ the reader wants to know.A. whatB. thatC. so thatD. which12. Regarding insurance, the ____ is for 110% of the invoice value of the goods that a manufacturer wants to export.A. amountB. coverC. insuranceD. premium13. Since the shipment consists of seasonable goods. it is important that it is ____ as soon as possible.A. deletedB. demandedC. deliveredD. detached14. The long service of decades of the to-be-retired with the company was ____ a present each from the President.A. confirmed byB. recorded inC. acknowledged witD. appreciated for15. Home to magnates and gangsters, refugees and artists, the city was, in its ____ a metropolis that exhibited all the hues of the human character. A. prime B. primary C. privacy D. probation16. Buildings in the southeast of the UK are going to have to be constructed ____ those in Scotland if the report findings are correct. A. as B. like C. likely D. are like17. The state of Michigan now requires sports fans to make an annual ____ of $125 to $500 a seat to keep their end zone perches at Michigan Stadium. A. tributary B. attribution C. contribution D. distribution18. The possibilities for ____ energy sources, including solar power, wind power, geothermal power, water power and even nuclear energy promise greatly to the earthlings. A.altitude B.alternate C.alternating D. alternative19. Americans who consider themselves ____ in the traditional sense do not usually hesitate to heap criticism in domestic matters over what they believe is oppressive or wasteful. A. pedestrian B. penchant C. patriotic D. patriarch20. The countries that are being blamed for the extragreenhouse gases in the atmosphere are the rich and developed countries. On a different ____, the developing countries feel they will suffer the most of it. A. nod B. note C. norm D. notionPart 2 V ocabulary Replacement21. He remained calm In the face of the impending danger.A. terrificB. trivialC. astonishingD. imminent22. “Holmes!”I whispered. “What on earth are you doing in this disgusting place?”A. humbleB. unpleasantC. underprivilegedD. noisy23. The futility of the program resulted from poor planning. A. possible failure in the futureB. ineffectiveness and uselessnessC. blindness to its mistakesD. potential disaster24. Construction of the gigantic office building in this city was for years intermittentA. stopping and starting at intervalsB. something that will happen soonC. being watched with keen interestD. anything that comes and goes25. Although many modifications have been made in it, thegame known in the United States as football can be traced directly to the English game of rugby.A. rulesB. changesC. demandsD. leagues26. Your silence implies countenancing his abject behavior; therefore please clarify your stand to him.A. supportingB. obscuringC. concealingD. assisting27. The graduate committee must be in full accord in their approval of a dissertation.A. indecisiveB. sullenC. vocalD. unanimous28. We regret being unable to entertain your request for providing free boarding to 15 sportsmen for two weeks.A. receiveB. complyC. coincideD. consider29. Justices of the peace have jurisdiction over the trials of some civil suits and of criminal cases involving minor offenses.A. superiorityB. authorityC. guidanceD. consider30. One of the things we have to do to prevent a pandemic is to make sure people understand and know what they can do to minimize the commotion.A. commandB. collusionC. turmoilD. tutelage31. One of the effective ways to lessen environmentalpollution is the reservation and protection of more swamps.A. vast thick coralsB. pockets of wet landC. warm volcanoeslions of bees and wasps32. The word “wrath”in The Grapes of Wrath by the Nobel prize winner John Steinbeck probably means:A. great angerB. large crowdsC. hard laborD. sudden storms33. The artist spent years on his monumental painting, which covered the whole roof of the church, the biggest in the country.A. archaicB. sentimentalC. outstandingD. entire34. The ancient Jewish people regarded themselves as the salt of the earth, the chosen few by God to rule the world.A. outcastB. eliteC. nomadD. disciple35. Many of the electric and electronic products we purchase and consume today are what some industrial experts call “homogenous toys”.A. identicalB. homosexualC.unrelatedD. distinguishableKEYS：Part 1 共20题，每题0.5分，满分为10分1. B2. D3. B4. C5. A6. D7. B8. A9. B 10. D 11. A 12. D13. C 14. C 15. A 16. B 17. C 18. D 19. C 20. BPart 2 共15题，每题0.5分，满分为7.5分21. D 22. B 23. B 24. A 25. B 26. A 27. D28. D 29. B 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. B 35 .A2016年英语翻译资格考试二级笔译模拟试题及答案(2)Part 3 Error Correction1. An “epigram”is usually descried as a bright or witty thought that is tersely and ingeniously expressed.A. describedB. discardedC. deservedD. disconcerted2. Human beings are superior to animals that they can use language as a tool of communication.A. in thatB. in whichC. for thatD. for which3. The Xinjiang Airlines serve passengers and customers in the southeast of China only.A. servesB. to serveC. servingD. service4. The senior senator has in the past three terms both experienced the sweet taste of success and the bitterness of defeat in his legislation fights with his opponents.A. both experiencesB. experiences bothC. experience bothD. experienced both5. Our company has been made one of the largest manufacturers in the field of chemical industry.A. become, inB. made, in field ofC. became, in the fieldD. been made of, in6. Daylight saving time was instituted to increase productivity.A. reorganizedB. startedC. encouragedD. taught7. Many students agreed to come, but some students against because they said they don’t have time.A. did not because they say they did notB. were against because they say they don’tC. did not because they said they did notD. were against coming because they said they don’t8. Some of the Low-end Made-in-China mechanical-electronic products are not selling well in export market as compared with what are termed as high-end ones.A. on export marketB. in exporting marketC. in exported marketD. in the export market9. Construction is expanding all over China, no doubt many materials will be needed at a very big amount in future.A. China, no doubt many materials will be needed for a very big amountB. China, no doubt many materials will be needed in a very big amountC. China, no doubt many materials will be needed in large amountsD. China, no doubt many materials will be needed for large amounts10. The recent conference on the effective use of the seas and oceans was another attempt resolving major differences among countries with conflicting interests.A. resolveB. resolvesC. to resolveD. being resolved11. Water makes up some 70 percentage points of the body, and drinking enough water —either tap water or expensive mineral water —will ensure that the body is properly lubricated and flushed.A. per-centB. per capitaC. percentD. percentage12. “We’re not bringing in millions of dollars,”says a director of development. “But we want to make sure the demand is there before we act to the project.”A. ofB. offC. onD. for13. By using new foreign textbooks, we could not only learn the right expression of business ideas, but also we will know the lastest developments in the business world.A. but also will know the lastestB. but also know the lastestC. but also know the latestD. but also come to know the latest14. The affluent middle class created by the Asian boom now take up over from exports as the main engine of growth.A. take over from exportsB. take from exportsC. take exportsD. takes exports15. Japan and the newly industrialized countries are passing labor-intensive sects as garmentmaking over to less developed nations and moving into advanced technology and services.A. sects likeB. sectors likeC. sections asD. sections such as$age$Section 2: Reading Comprehension (50 points) The time for this section is 70 minutes.Questions 51 —60 are based on the following passage.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was set up in 1988 to assess information on climate change and its impact. Its Third Assessment Report predicts global temperature rises by 2100 of between 1.4℃and 5.8℃. Although the issue of the changing climate is very complex and some changes are uncertain, temperature rises are expected to affect countries throughout the world and have a knock-on effect with sea-level rises.Scientists have argued about whether temperature rises are due to human activities or due to natural changes in our environment. The IPCC announced in 2001 that “most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is likely to be attributable to human activities”. This was a more forceful statement than in1996 when the Second Assessment Report stated that there was a “discernible human influence on the climate”which was the first time they had concluded such a link. Many experts believe the faster the climate changes, the greater the risk will be.Key points of the projections for climate change globally include that by the second half of the 21st century, wintertime rainfall in the northern mid to high latitudes and Antarctica will rise, that meanwhile Australia, Central America and southern Africa are likely to see decreases in autumn precipitation, that some land areas in the tropics will see more rainfall, and that there will generally be more hot days over land areas.16. IPCC probably does not ______.A. analyse climate change informationB. record weather changes on its premisesC. predict what is to happen to the earthD. collect weather date from many countries17. According to the passage, a Chinese city that recorded 45 degrees Celsius at noon on August 4,2004, will most probably witness a temperature measuring _____ at 12:00 sharp in the year of 2100.A. 46.1℃B. 1.4℃C. 5.8℃D. a number that I do not know18. According to the author, climate researchers _____.A. are quite sure about why it’s getting hotter and hotterB. declared that we humans are the cause why it’s getting hotterC. have discussed the possible cause why it’s hotterD. have claimed that changes in nature are the roots of hotdays19. Based on the text, we know that temperature rises will probably _____.A. knock off sea levelsB. have a serious effect on sea-level risesC. keep the sea level risingD. keep knocking at the sea20. The IPCC announcement three years ago that “most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is”_____.A. possibly due to human activitiesB. possibly because human activitiesC. due to likely human activitiesD. human activities likely attributable21. Which statement was more forceful?A. “Global temperature will rise by 2100 between 1.4℃and5.8℃B. “Temperature rises are expected to affect countries throughout the world”.C. “Most of the warming is likely to be attributable to humanactivities”.D. There was a “discernible human influence on the climate”.22. The Second Assessment Report was released ____ years ago.A. fiveB. sixC. sevenD. eight23. “Such a link”in the passage refers most probably to _____.A. IPCC and climate changesB. global temperatures and sea levelsC. natural changes and human activitiesD. human activities and temperature rises24. “The risk”mentioned in the text probably refers to _____.A. a possibility that there will be more climate changesB. a potential that sea level will possibly keep risingC. temperature rises that are expected to affect all countriesD. a prediction warning human beings not to ruin the environment25. Obviously, the word “precipitation”most probably refers to _____.A. latitudeB. rainfallC. temperatureD. projectionKEYS：Part 3 共15题，每题0.5分，满分为7.5分1. A2. A3. A4. D5. A6. B7. C8. D9. C 10. C 11. C 12. C 13. D14. D 15. BSection 2 共50题，每题1分，满分为50分16. B 17. D 18. C 19. B20. A21. C22. D 23. D 24. C 25. B2016年英语翻译资格考试二级笔译模拟试题及答案(3)Now which are the animals really to be pitied in captivity? First, those clever beings whose lively urge for activity can find no outlet behind the bars of the cage. This is most conspicuous, even for the uninitiated, in the case of animals which, when living in a free state, are accustomed to roaming about widely. Owing to this frustrated desire, foxes and wolves housed, in many old-fashioned zoos, in cages which are far too small, are among the most pitiable of all caged animals.Though pinioned swans generally seem happy, under proper care, by hatching and tearing their young without any trouble, at migration time things become different: they repeatedly swim to the lee side of the pond, in order to have the whole extent of its surface at their disposal, trying to take off. Again and again the grand preparations end in a pathetic flutter of their half wings; a truly sorry picture!This, however, rarely awakens the pity of the zoo visitor, least of all when such an originally highly intelligent and mentally alert animal has deteriorated, in confinement, into a crazy idiot, a very caricature of its former self. Sentimental old ladies, the fanatical sponsors of the societies for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, have no compunction in keeping a grey parrot in a relatively small cage or even chained to a perch. Together with the large corvines, the parrotsare probably the only birds which suffer from that state of mind, common to prisoners, namely, boredom.1. What is an “outlet”in the context of this passage?A. An opportunity for expression.B. A place to let.C. A chance of escape into a woodD. An exit for a marketer.2. What does “the uninitiated”mean?A. People who visit animals in urban zoos.B. People who do not like animals of the wild.C. People who know little about a certain topic.D. People who do not visit zoos every year.3. According to the author in Paragraph 1, what animals suffer most in captivity?A. Climbing animals.B. Hunting animals.C. Parroting animals.D. Singing animals.4. What do you think “hatching and rearing their young”means?A. Raising families.B. Getting on well with smaller birds.C. Behaving like young birds.D. Attacking smaller birds.5. Which is the “lee side”of the pond?A. The side the wind is blowing from.B. The side which is sheltered from a storm.C. The side the wind id blowing towards.D. The side where the water is the deepest.6. According to the author, swans in captivity are ______.A. happy unless their wings have been cutB. happy most of the time, but unhappy sometimesC. unhappy most of the timeD. only happy when they are bringing up families7. What effect does confinement have on clever animals, according to the text?A. They never stop trying to escape.B. They lose all their muscles.C. They become unhygienic.D.They may go mad.8. In Paragraph 3, the expression “have no compunction about”most probably means”have no _____.A .reaction toB. understanding ofC. second thoughts aboutD. enlightenment on9. What does the author say about sentimental old ladies?A. They do not care about animals.B. They hate making animals suffer.C. They enjoy making animals suffer.D. They do not realise the consequences.10. What do you think “large corvines”probably are?A. Another kind of bird.B. Another kind of parrot.C. Another kind of swans.D. Other birds that convince us.Question 71—80 are based on the following passage.The fact that most Americans live in urban areas does not mean that they reside in the center of large cities. In fact, more Americans live in the suburbs of large metropolitan areas than in the cities themselves.The Bureau of the Census regards any area with more than 2,500 people as an urban area, and does not consider boundaries of cities and suburbs.According to the Bureau, the political boundaries are less significant than the social and economic relationships and the transportation and communication systems that integrate a locale. The term used by the Bureau for an integrated metropolis is an MSA, which stands for Metropolitan Statistical Area. In general, an MSA is any area that contains a city and its surrounding suburbs and has a total population of 50,000 or more.At the present time, the Bureau reports more than 280 MSAs, which together account for 75 percent of the US population. In addition, the Bureau recognizes 18 megapolises, that is, continuous adjacent metropolitan areas. One of the most obvious megapolises includes a chain of hundreds of cities and suburbs across 10 states on the East Coast from Massachusetts to Virginia, including Boston,New York, and Washington, D.C. In the Eastern Corridor, as it is called, a population of 45 million inhabitants is concentrated. Another megapolis that is growing rapidly is the California coast from San Francisco through Los Angeles to San Diego.11. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Metropolitan Statistical AreasB. Types of Population CentersC. The Bureau of the CensusD. Megapolises12. According to the passage, where do most Americans live?A. In the center of cities.B. In the suburbs surrounding large cities.C. In rural areas.D. In small towns.13. The underlined word “reside”in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _____.A. fillB. decideC. occupyD. live14. According to the Bureau of the Census, what is an urban area?A. A chain of adjacent cities.B. An area with at least 50,000 people.C. The 18 largest cities.D. An area with 2,500 people or more.15. Which of the following are NOT considered important in defining an urban area?A. Political boundaries.B. Transportation networks.C. Social relationships.D. Economic systems.16. The underlined word “integrate”in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _____.A. benefitB. defineC. uniteD. restrict17. Which of the following is NOT true?A. An integrated metropolis is an MSA.B. MSA stands for Metropolitan Statistical Area.C. A metropolis includes at least a metropolitan.D. An MSA refers to city and its suburbs, with over 50,000 people.18. The underlined word “adjacent”in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to _____.A. beside each otherB. growing very fastC. the same sizeD. densely populated19. According to the passage, what is a megapolis?A. One of the 10 largest cities in the United States.B. One of the 18 largest cities in the United States.C. One of the 100 cities between Boston and Washington.D. Any number of continuous adjacent cities and suburbs.20. Why does the author mention the Eastern Corridor and the California coast in Paragraph 4?A. As examples of megapolises.B. Because 75 percent of the population lives there.C. To conclude the passage.D. The Bureau of the Census is located there.“what does the middleman do but add to the price of goods in the shops?”Such remarks are aimed at the intermediate operations between manufacturers and final customers. This practice usually attracts a lot of attention from the public and the press and the operation most talked about is what is often called wholesaling.The wholesaler buys goods in large quantities from the manufacturers and sells them in smaller parcels to retailers, and for this service his selling price to the retailer is raised several percent higher. But his job is made more difficult by retail demand not necessarily running level with manufacturers’production. Because he adjusts or regulates the flow of goods by holding stock until required, he frees the manufacturer, to some extent, from the effect on production of changing demand and having to bear the whole risk.The manufacture can then keep up a steady production flow, and the retailer has no need to hold heavy stocks, who can call on the wholesaler for supplies any time. This wholesale function id like thatof a valve in a water pipe. The middleman also bears part of the risk that would otherwise fall on the manufacturer and also the retailer.The wholesaler provides a purely commercial service, for which he is too well rewarded. But the point that is missed by many people is that the wholesaler is not just someone adding to the cost of goods. It is true one could eliminate the wholesaler but one would still be left with his function: that of making sure that goods find their way to the people who want them.21. “Middleman”in the passage almost equals to all the following in meaning EXCEPT _____.A. go-betweenB. intermediaryC. manufacturerD. wholesaler22. “This practice”in Paragraph 1 most probably refers to the fact that the middleman _____.A. increases the prices in the shopsB. buys from you and sells to meC. aims remarks at manufacturersD. interferes with end user customers23. The wholesaler obtains higher selling prices for _____.A. small parcels he sellsB. goods he buys in bulkC. the service he providesD. the information he offers24. A middleman’s work may become difficult because _____.A. manufacturers run their production on a much higher levelB.market demand may not be the same as industrial productionC. retailers are not necessary in running their retailing businessD. retailers demand lower levels than those demanded by manufacturers25. The wholesaler regulates the flow of goods by _____.A. running level with manufacturers’productionB. holding down stock of commoditiesC. keeping stock for stronger demandD. adjusting the prices of goods in time26. The middleman relieves the producer of _____.A. fluctuating market demand and staying at riskB. the production of commodities for the retail marketC. some extent of production of changing demandD. storing goods in a warehouse until they are needed27. What function of the wholesaler is compared to a valve?A. Controlling the flow of goods.B. Pushing up demand from retailers.C. Bearing part of the risk for manufacturers.D. Selling goods to retailers.28. Which of the following statement is true?A. People cannot do without the wholesaler’s function.B. The function of the wholesaler does not add to the cost of goods.C. The wholesaler helps to reduce the price of goods in shops.D. The wholesaler is well paid for his commercial service.29. The author quite possibly believes that the function of the wholesaler is _____.A. good but too costlyB. necessary but harmfulC. removable but necessaryD. acceptable but unnecessary30. Which of the following titles is most appropriate for this passage?A. The Greedy WholesalersB. The Wholesalers in the Public EyeC. A Retail Market with WholesalersD. Can We Do without the Wholesaler?KEYS：1. A2. C3. B4. A5. C6. B7. D8. C9. D 10.A 11.B 12. B 13. D 14. D 15. A 16.C 17. C 18. A 19.D 20. A21. C 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. A 28. D 29. C 30.D。
英语翻译二级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析（2）
英语翻译二级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析（2）英语翻译二级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析（2）(1/2)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese.Part A Compulsory Translation第1题LONDON—Webster's Dictionary defines plague as "anything that afflicts or troubles; calamity; scourge." Further definitions include "any contagious epidemic disease that is deadly; esp., bubonic plague" and, from the Bible, "any of various calamities sent down as divine punishment." The verb form means "to vex; harass; trouble; torment."In Albert Camus' novel, The Plague, written soon after the Nazi occupation of France, the first sign of the epidemic is rats dying in numbers: "They came up from basements and cubby-holes, cellars and drains, in long swaying lines; they staggered in the light, collapsed and died, right next to people. At night, in corridors and side-streets, one could clearly hear the tiny squeaks as they expired. In the morning, on the outskirts of town, you would find them stretched out in the gutter with a little floret of blood on their pointed muzzles, some blown up and rotting, other stiff, with their whiskers still standing up."The rats are messengers, but—human nature being what it is—their message is not immediately heeded. Life must go on. There are errands to run, money to be made. The novel is set in Oran, an Algerian coastal town of commerce and lassitude, where the heat rises steadily to the point that the sea changes color, deep blue turning to a "sheen of silver or iron, making it painful to look at." Even when people start to die—their lymph nodesswollen, blackish patches spreading on their skin, vomiting bile, gasping for breath—the authorities' response is hesitant. The word "plague" is almost unsayable. In exasperation, the doctor-protagonist tells a hastily convened health commission: "I don't mind the form of words. Let's just say that we should not act as though half the town were not threatened with death, because then it would be."The sequence of emotions feels familiar. Denial is followed by faint anxiety, which is followed by concern, which is followed by fear, which is followed by panic. The phobia is stoked by the sudden realization that there are uncontrollable dark forces, lurking in the drains and the sewers, just beneath life's placid surface. The disease is a leveler, suddenly everyone is vulnerable, and the moral strength of each individual is tested. The plague is on everyone's minds, when it's not in their bodies. Questions multiply: What is the chain of transmission? How to isolate the victims?Plague and epidemics are a thing of the past, of course they are. Physical contact has been cut to a minimum in developed societies. Devices and their digital messages direct our lives. It is not necessary to look into someone's eyes let alone touch their skin in order to become, somehow, intimate. Food is hermetically sealed. Blood, secretions, saliva, pus, bodily fluids—these are things with which hospitals deal, not matters of daily concern.A virus contracted in West Africa, perhaps by a man hunting fruit bats in a tropical forest to feed his family, and cutting the bat open, cannot affect a nurse in Dallas, Texas, who has been wearing protective clothing as she tended a patient who died. Except that it does. "Pestilence is in fact very common," Camus observes, "but we find it hard to believe in a pestilence when itdescends upon us."The scary thing is that the bat that carries the virus is not sick. It is simply capable of transmitting the virus in the right circumstances. In other words, the virus is always lurking even if invisible. Itis easily ignored until it is too late.Pestilence, of course, is a metaphor as well as a physical fact. It is not just blood oozing from gums and eyes, diarrhea and vomiting. A plague had descended on Europe as Camus wrote. The calamity and slaughter were spreading through the North Africa where he had passed his childhood. This virus hopping today from Africa to Europe to the United States has come in a time of beheadings and unease. People put the phenomena together as denial turns to anxiety and panic. They sense the stirring of uncontrollable forces. They want to be wrong but they are not sure they are.At the end of the novel, the doctor contemplates a relieved throng that has survived: "He knew that this happy crowd was unaware of something that one can read in books, which is that the plague bacillus never dies or vanishes entirely, that it can remain dormant for dozens of years in furniture or clothing, that it waits patiently in bedrooms, cellars, trunks, handkerchiefs and old papers, and that perhaps the day will come when, for the instruction or misfortune of mankind, the plague will rouse its rats and send them to die in some well-contented city."下一题(2/2)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese.Part A Compulsory Translation第2题PARIS-When France won its second Nobel Prize in less than a week on Monday, this time for economics, Prime Minister Manuel Valls quickly took to Twitter, insisting with no shortage of pride that the accomplishment was a loud rebuke for those who say that France is a nation in decline."After Patrick Modiano, another Frenchman in the firmament: Congratulations to Jean Tirole!" Mr. Valls wrote. "What a way to thumb one's nose at French bashing! Proud of France."Some in the country were already giddy after Mr. Modiano, a beloved author, whose concise and moody novels are often set in France during the Nazi occupation, won the Nobel Prize for literature last week. The award helped to raise the global stature of Mr. Modiano, whose three books published in the United States—two novels and a children's book—before the Nobel had collectively sold fewer than 8,000 copies.Joining in the chorus, Le Monde suggested in an editorial that at a time of rampant French-bashing, Mr. Modiano's achievement was something of a vindication for a country where Nobel Prizes in literature flow more liberally than oil. Mr. Modiano was the 15th French writer, including Sartre and Camus, to win the award.Yet this being France, a country where dissatisfaction can be worn like an accessory, some intellectuals, economists and critics greeted the awards with little more than a shrug at a time when the economy has been faltering, Paris has lost influence to Berlin and Brussels, the far-right National Front has been surging, and Francois Hollande has become one of the most unpopular French presidents in recent history. Others sniffed haughtily that while France was great at culture, it remained economically and politically prostrate.Even Mr. Modiano may have unintentionally captured the national mood when, informed of his prize by his editor, he said he found it "strange" and wanted to know why the Nobel committee had selected him.Even Mr. Modiano may have unintentionally captured the national mood when, informed of hisprize by his editor, he said he found it "strange" and wanted to know why the Nobel committee had selected him.Alain Finkielkraut, a professor of philosophy at the elite 图片Polytechnique, who recently published a book criticizing what he characterized as France's descent into conformity and multiculturalism, said that rather than showing that France was on the ascent, the fetishizing of the Nobel Prizes by the French political elite revealed the country's desperation."I find the idea that the Nobels are being used as a riposte to French-bashing idiotic," he said. "Our education system is totally broken, and the Nobel Prize doesn't change anything. I have a lot of affection for Mr. Modiano, but I think Philip Roth deserved it much more. To talk that all in France is going well and that the pessimism is gone is absurd. France is doing extremely badly. There is an economic crisis. There is a crisis of integration.I am not going to be consoled by these medals made of chocolate."Robert Frank, a history professor emeritus at the University of Paris 1—Sorbonne, and the author of The Fear of Decline, France From 1914 to 2014, echoed that the self-aggrandizement that had greeted the prizes among the French establishment reflected a country lacking in self-confidence. In earlier centuries, he noted, the prize had been greeted as something obvious.When French writers or intellectuals won Nobels in the mid-20th century, "there was no jolt at that time, because France still saw itself as important, so there wasn't much to add to that," he said. "Today, it may help some people to show that France still counts in certain places in the world. This doesn't fix the crisis of unemployment, however, that is sapping this society."In academic economic circles, Mr. Tirole's winning the 2014 Nobel in economic science for his work on the best way to regulate large, powerful firms, was greeted as a fitting tribute to a man whose work had exerted profound influence. It added to an already prominent year for French economists, as seen from Thomas Piketty's book, Capital in the Twenty-First Century, which became an immediate best-seller when translated into English six months ago.Mr. Tirole's work gained particular attention after the 2008 financial crisis, which revealed problems in the regulation of financial firms in the United States and Europe.But some noted the paradox of the award going to an economist from a nation where the economy was less than shimmering, and where many businesses and critics bemoan a culture of excessive red tape.Others like Sean Safford, an associate professor of economic sociology at Institut 图片Politiques de Paris, the elite institute for political studies known as Sciences Po, said Mr. Tirole, a professor of economics at the University of Toulouse in France, was notable for coming at a time of economic malaise and brain drain, when so many of the country's brightest are emigrating elsewhere in Europe or to the United States. "The average French person, who is struggling to pay the bills, is not going to rejoice," he said.At a time when France is trying to overhaul its social model amid withering resistance to change, others said the award hadlaid bare the country's abiding stratification between a small, hyper-educated elite and the rest of the country.Peter Gumbel, a British journalist living in France who most recently wrote a book on French elitism, said that while the prize would provide some sense of national validation, the two men did not reflect the country as a whole."Undoubtedly the French ecosystem produces incredibly smart people at the very top end, whoare capable of winning prizes, and who fall into a grand tradition, and that is what the French school system is geared to Produce," he said.上一题下一题(1/2)Section ⅡChinese-English TranslationThis section consists of two parts, Part A—"Compulsory Translation" and Part B— "Choice of Two Translations" consisting of two sections "T opic 1" and "Topic 2". For the passage in Part A and your choice of passages in Part B, translate the underlined portions, including titles, into English. Above your translation of Part A, write "Compulsory Translation" and above your translation from Part B, write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2".第3题中国是一个有着悠久历史的国家，一个经历了深重苦难的国家，一个实行中国特色社会主义制度的国家，一个世界上最大的发展中国家和正在发生深刻变革的国家。
英语翻译二级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析(4)
英语翻译二级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析（4）(1/2)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese.Part A Compulsory Translation第1题If a heavy reliance on fossil fuels makes a country a climate ogre, then Denmark—with its thousands of wind turbines sprinkled on the coastlines and at sea—is living a happy fairy tale. Viewed from the United States or Asia, Denmark is an environmental role model. The country is "what a global warming solution looks like," wrote Frances Beinecke, the president of the Natural Resources Defense Council, in a letter to the group last autumn. About one-fifth of the country's electricity comes from wind, which wind experts say is the highest proportion of any country. But a closer look shows that Denmark is a far cry from a clean-energy paradise.The building of wind turbines has virtually ground to a halt since subsidies were cut back. Meanwhile, compared with others in the European Union, Danes remain above-average emitters of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. For all its wind turbines, a large proportion of the rest of Denmark's power is generated by plants that burn imported coal.The Danish experience shows how difficult it can be for countries grown rich on fossil fuels to switch to renewable energy sources like wind power. Among the hurdles are fluctuating political priorities, the high cost of putting new turbines offshore, concern about public acceptance of large wind turbines and the volatility of the wind itself."Europe has really led the way," said Alex Klein, a senior analyst with Emerging Energy Research, a consulting firm with offices in Cambridge, Massachusetts.Some parts of western Denmark derive 100 percent of their peak needs from wind if the breeze is up. Germany and Spain generate more power in absolute terms, but in those countries wind still accounts for a far smaller proportion of the electricity generated. The average for all 27 European Union countries is 3 percent.But the Germans and the Spanish are catching up as Denmark slows down. Of the thousands of megawatts of wind power added last year around the world, only 8 megawatts were installed in Denmark.If higher subsidies had been maintained, he said, Denmark could now be generating close to one-third—rather than one-fifth—of its electricity from windmills.下一题(2/2)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese.Part A Compulsory Translation第2题This week and next, governments, international agencies and nongovernmental organizations are gathering in Mexico City at the World Water Forum to discuss the legacy of global Mulhollandism in water—and to chart a new course.They could hardly have chosen a better location. Water is being pumped out of the aquifer on which Mexico City stands at twice the rate of replenishment. The result: the city is subsiding at the rate of about half a meter every decade. You can see the consequences in the cracked cathedrals, the tilting Palace of Arts and the broken water and sewerage pipes.Every region of the world has its own variant of the water crisis story. The mining ofgroundwaters for irrigation has lowered the water table in parts of India and Pakistan by 30 meters in the past three decades. As water goes down, the cost of pumping goes up, undermining the livelihoods of poor farmers.What is driving the global water crisis? Physical availability is part of the problem. Unlike oil or coal, water is an infinitely renewable resource, but it is available in a finite quantity. With water use increasing at twice the rate of population growth, the amount available per person is shrinking—especially in some of the poorest countries.Challenging as physical scarcity may be in some countries, the real problems in water go deeper. The 20th-century model for water management was based on a simple idea: that water is an infinitely available free resource to be exploited, dammed or diverted without reference to scarcity or sustainability.Across the world, water-based ecological systems—rivers, lakes and watersheds—have been taken beyond the frontiers of ecological sustainability by policy makers who have turned a blind eye to the consequences of over-exploitation.We need a new model of water management for the 21st century. What does that mean? For starters, we have to stop using water like there's no tomorrow—and that means using it more efficiently at levels that do not destroy our environment. The buzz-phrase at the Mexico Water forum is "integrated water resource management." What it means is that governments need to manage the private demand of different users and manage this precious resource in the public interest.上一题下一题(1/2)Section ⅡChinese-English TranslationThis section consists of two parts, Part A—"Compulsory Translation" and Part B— "Choice of Two Translations" consisting of two sections "Topic 1" and "Topic 2". For the passage in Part A and your choice of passages in Part B, translate the underlined portions, including titles, into English. Above your translation of Part A, write "Compulsory Translation" and above your translation from Part B, write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2".第3题江西素有“物华天宝、人杰地灵”的美誉，是中国革命的红色摇篮，也是人文福地，山川秀美，文化底蕴深厚，特别是佛道教文化历史悠久，祖庭众多。
11月翻译资格考题二级英语笔译实务试卷及答案
11月翻译资格考题二级英语笔译实务试卷及答案Section 1: English-Chinese Translation （英译汉）（ 60 point ）This section consists of two parts: Part A "Compulsory Translation" and Part B "Optional Translations" which comprises "Topic 1" and "Topic 2". Translate the passage in Part A and your choice from passage in Part B into Chinese. Write "Compulsory Translation" above your translation of Part A and write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2" above your translation of the passage from Part B. The time for this section is 100 minutes.Part A Compulsory Translation （必译题）（30 points）Until recently, scientists knew little about life in the deep sea, nor had they reason to believe that it was being threatened. Now, with the benefit of technology that allows for deeper exploration, researchers have uncovered a remarkable array of species inhabiting the ocean floor at depths of more than 660 feet, or about 200 meters. At the same time, however, technology has also enabled fishermen to reach far deeper than ever before, into areas where bottom trawls can destroy in minutes what has taken nature hundreds and in some cases thousands of years to build.Many of the world's coral species, for example, are found at depths of more than 200 meters. It is also estimated that roughly half of the world's highest seamounts - areas that rise from the ocean floor and are particularly rich in marine life - are also found in the deep ocean.These deep sea ecosystems provide shelter, spawning and breeding areas for fish and other creatures, as well as protection from strong currents and predators. Moreover, they are believed to harbor some of the most extensive reservoirs of life on earth, with estimates ranging from 500,000 to 100 million species inhabiting these largely unexplored and highly fragile ecosystems.Yet just as we are beginning to recognize the tremendous diversity of life in these areas, along with the potential benefits newly found species may hold for human society in the form of potential food products and new medicines, they are at risk of being lost forever. With enhanced ability both to identify where these species-rich areas are located and to trawl in deeper water than before, commercial fishing vessels are now beginning to reach down with nets the size of football fields, catching everything in their path while simultaneously crushing fragile corals and breaking up the delicate structure of reefs and seamounts that provide critical habitat to the countless species of fish and other marine life that inhabit the deep ocean floor.Because deep sea bottom trawling is a recent phenomenon, the damage that has been done is still limited. If steps are taken quickly to prevent this kind of destructive activity from occurring on the high seas, the benefits both to the marine environment and to future generations are incalculable. And they far outweigh the short-term costs to the fishing industry.Part B Optional Translations （二选一题）（ 30 points ）Topic 1 （选题一）Most of the world's victims of AIDS live - and, at an alarming rate, die - in Africa. The number of people living with AIDS in Africa was estimated at 26.6 million in late 2003. New figures to be published by the United Nations Joint Program on AIDS （ UNAIDS ）， the special UN agency set up to deal with the pandemic, will probably confirm its continued spread in Africa, but they will also show whether the rate of spread is constant, increasing or falling.AIDS is most prevalent in Eastern and Southern Africa, with South Africa, Zimbabwe and Kenya having the greatest numbers of sufferers; other countries severely affected include Botswana and Zambia. AIDS was raging in Eastern Africa - where it was called "slim", after the appearance of victims wasting away - within a few years after its emergence was established in the eastern Congo basin; however, the conflicting theories about the origin of AIDS are highly controversial and politicized, and the controversy is far from being settled.Measures being taken all over Africa include, first of all, campaigns of public awareness and device, including advice to remain faithful to one sexual partner and to use condoms. The latter advice is widely ignored or resisted owing to natural and cultural aversion to condoms and to Christian and Muslim teaching, which places emphasis instead on self-restraint.An important part of anti- AIDS campaigns, whether organized by governments, nongovernmental organizations or both, is the extension of voluntary counseling and testing （ VCT ） .In addition, medical research has found a way to help sufferers, though not to cure them.Funds for anti- AIDS efforts are provided by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, a partnership between governments, civil society, the private sector and affected communities around the world; the fund was launched following a call by the UN Secretary-General in 2001. However, much more is needed if the spread of the pandemic is to be at least halted.Topic 2 （选题二）As a leader of a least developed country, I speak from experience when I say that poverty is too complex a phenomenon, and the strategies for fighting it too diverse and dependent on local circumstances, for there is no single silver bullet in the war on poverty.We have learned the hard way over the years. We have experimented with all kinds of ideas.Yet a report recently released by the World Economic Forum shows that barely a third of what should have been done by now to ensure the world meets its goals to fight poverty, hunger and disease by 2015 is done. I am now convinced that the Millennium Development Goals set by the United Nations in 2000 can only be attained through a global compact, anchored in national policies that take into account local circumstances.Aid and trade are both necessary, but they are not enough on their own. Neither is good governance enough in itself. Above all, nothing can move without the direct participation of local communities. I fear that we lecture too much. This is not the best way.I will give an example of how such a compact worked in Tanzania to achieve universal basic schooling.In the mid-1990s, almost all indicators for basic education were in free fall. The gross enrollment rate had fallen from 98 percent in the early 1980s to 77.6 percent in 2000. The net enrollment rate had likewise fallen, from over 80 percent to only 58.8 percent.Then several things happened. We decided at the top political level that basic education would be a top priority, and adopted a five-year Primary Education Development Plan to achieve universal basic education by 2006 - nine years ahead of the global target.Good governance produced more government revenues, which quadrupled over the last eight years. In 2001, we received debt relief under the World Bank's enhanced HIPC （ heavily indebted poor countries ） Initiative. Subsequently, more donors put aid money directly into our budget or into a pooled fund for the Primary Education Development Program （ PEDP ） .The government's political will was evidenced by the fact that over the last five years the share of the national budget going to poverty reduction rose by 130 percent. We abolished school fees in primary schools.Then we ensured that all PEDP projects are locally determined, planned, owned,implemented and evaluated. This gave the people pride and dignity in what they were doing. After only two years of implementing PEDP, tremendous successes have been achieved.Section 2: Chinese- English Translation （汉译英）（ 40 point ）This section consists of two parts: Part A "Compulsory Translation" and Part B "Optional Translations" which comprises "Topic 1" and "Topic 2".Translation the passage in Part A and your choice from passage in Part B into English. Write "Compulsory Translation" above your translation of Part A and write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2" above your translation of the passage from Part B. The time for this section is 80 minutes.Part A Compulsory Translation （必译题）（ 20 points ）进入新世纪，国际形势继续发生深刻复杂的变化。
2020上半年翻译资格考试二级笔译习题(最新)
Smartphone Makers Seek Foldable Phones with Flex AppealMobile-phone makers think they have a solution to slowing sales: smartphones with big displays that fold up like books.At least five of the world’s leading sellers of phones, including Apple Inc., have sought patents for folding models, which would mark the biggest design change to the flat rectangular slabs that have been ubiquitous since the dawn of the smartphone era a decade ago. At least two companies – Samsung Electronics Co. and Huawei Technologies Co. –have confirmed plans to release handsets with foldable displays; Huawei is targeting a release for next year.Smartphone companies see such an innovation as necessary to arrest a sales slowdown tied in part to a lengthening cycle of device replacement. These days, consumers see less of a need to upgrade for incremental annual improvements in software, screen quality and camera capability.In addition, creating displays that are larger but don’t take up much space in a purse or pocket takes on urgency as service providers roll out next-generation 5G wireless networks, accelerating a boom in consumption of video, virtual reality and other visually engaging media.First, though, smartphone makers must overcome some challenges, such as developing a device flexible enough to fold in half that doesn’t sacrifice display quality and durability. Other hurdles include supply-chain limitations for the required materials, higher building costs and the ultimate commercial question: Will consumers want these phones?“It will take several years to persuade consumers that these foldable phone factors will bring you good benefits, a better experience,” said Jusy Hong, a smart phone analyst at IHS Markit. Regardless, “the smartphone market has matured, and we need something new.”智能手机商又出新招，开始研发折叠屏手机手机制造商认为它们找到了解决销售增长放缓的办法，那就是屏幕可以像书本一样折叠的大屏智能手机。
英语笔译二级试题及答案
英语笔译二级试题及答案一、词汇翻译（共10分，每题1分）1. 翻译下列单词或短语：- 创新：innovation- 可持续发展：sustainable development- 人工智能：artificial intelligence- 经济增长：economic growth- 环境保护：environmental protection2. 翻译下列句子中的划线部分：- 他是一个多才多艺的艺术家。
(多才多艺)- 我们正在寻求一个平衡点来解决这个问题。
(寻求)- 这个项目的成功依赖于团队的协作。
(依赖于)- 政府已经采取了一系列措施来提高教育质量。
(采取了一系列措施)- 她对这个问题的看法非常独特。
(看法)二、句子翻译（共20分，每题4分）1. 随着科技的发展，远程工作变得越来越普遍。
With the advancement of technology, remote work is becoming increasingly common.2. 教育对于一个国家的繁荣至关重要。
Education is crucial to the prosperity of a nation.3. 我们应当尊重每个人的文化差异。
We should respect the cultural differences of every individual.4. 这个政策旨在减少贫困并提高人们的生活水平。
This policy aims to reduce poverty and improve thestandard of living.5. 环境污染已经成为全球性的问题。
Environmental pollution has become a global issue.三、段落翻译（共30分，每题10分）1. 翻译下列段落：随着全球化的不断深入，各国之间的经济联系日益紧密。
国际贸易的增加促进了世界经济的增长，同时也带来了一些挑战，如贸易不平衡和市场保护主义。
笔译二级实务模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)
笔译二级实务模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. English-Chinese Translation 2. Chinese-English TranslationPART 1 English-Chinese Translation (60 points)This part consists of two sections: SECTIONA 1 “Compulsory Translation”and SECTION 2 “Optional Translation”which comprises “Topic 1”and “Topic 2”. Translate the passage in SECTION 1 and your choice from passages in SECTION 2 into Chinese. Write “Compulsory Translation”above your translation of SECTION 1 and write “Topic 1”or “Topic 2”above your translation of the passage from SECTION 2. The time for this part is 100 minutes.SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points)1． A few months back, Desalegn Godebo’s wife descended into a feverish delirium. “It was as if she were mad, “he said, shuddering at the memory.”she was scratching me like a crazy woman.”Before a new road was built through this village, Godebo would have loaded his wife onto his back and hiked six hours along narrow dirt paths to the small city of Awasa. Instead, he lifted her into a truck for the one-hour ride to town. Her condition was diagnosed as malaria and typhoid. She is well now and back home caring for their baby. The dirt-and-gravel road may look like a timeless feature of the Great Rift Valley (东非大裂谷). But it is part of a huge public road-building project that is slowly hauling one of the poorest, hungriest nations on earth into modernity. The people who live along it divide time into two eras: Before the Road and After the Road. Because of the road, people can take their sick to the hospital and their children to distant schools. Farmers like Godebo who had only their own feet or a donkey’s back for transport can now transport their crops to market. Ethiopia, an agricultural society where most farmers still live more than a half-day’s walk from roads, has been especially hobbled by their absence. Support for roads in Africa, particularly from the World Bank, is growing again after a decade of decline in the 1990s. Then the bank reduced lending for roads. Road-building is coming back in style as a way to combat rural poverty in Africa. While no one expects roads alone to end the chronic hunger faced by millions of Ethiopians or the famines that loom periodically, most development experts agree that they are a precondition for progress and are essential to the success of the Green Revolution, which produces abundance in much of Asia but bypasses Africa.正确答案：几个月以前，德撒林?高德宝的妻子因发烧而精神错乱。
二级笔译实务练习题
二级笔译实务英译汉真题第一篇：Study Finds Hope in Saving Saltwater FishCan we have our fish and eat it too? An unusual collaboration of marine ecologists and fisheries management scientists says the answer may be yes.In a research paper in Friday’s issue of th e journal Science, the two groups, long at odds with each other, offer a global assessment of the world’s saltwater fish and their environments.Their conclusions are at once gloomy — overfishing continues to threaten many species — and upbeat: a combination of steps can turn things around. But because antagonism between ecologists and fisheries management experts has been intense, many familiar with the study say the most important factor is that it was done at all.They say they hope the study will inspire similar collaborations between scientists whose focus is safely exploiting specific natural resources and those interested mainly in conserving them.“We need to merge those two communities,” said Steve Murawski, chief fisheries scientist for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. “This paper starts to bridge that gap.”The collaboration began in 2006 when Boris Worm, a marine ecologist at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and other scientists made an alarming prediction: if current trends continue, by 2048 overfishing will have destroyed most commercially important populations of saltwater fish. Ecologists applauded the work. But among fisheries management scientists, reactions ranged from skepticism to fury over what many called an alarmist report.Among the most prominent critics was Ray Hilborn, a professor of aquatic and fishery sciences at the University of Washington in Seattle. Yet the disagreement did not play out in typical scientific fashion with, as Dr. Hilbornput it, “researchers firing critical papers back and forth.” Instead, he and Dr. Worm found themselves debating the issue on National Public Radio.“We started talking and found more common ground than we had expected,” Dr. Worm said. Dr. Hilborn recalled thinking that Dr. Worm “a ctually seemed like a reasonable person.”The two decided to work together on the issue. They sought and received financing and began organizing workshops at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, an organization sponsored by the National Science Foundation and based at the University of California, Santa Barbara.At first, Dr. Hilborn said in an interview, “the fisheries management people would go to lunch and the marine ecologists would go to lunch” —separately. But soon they were collecting and sharing data and recruiting more colleagues to analyze it.鱼类已经濒临灭绝，还有多少鱼可供我们食用？海洋生态学家和渔业管理科学家之间的一次不同寻常的合作为我们揭开了这个谜团，他们说道：答案是所剩无几。
2020下半年翻译考试二级笔译模拟题分享
2020下半年翻译考试二级笔译模拟题分享行动是成功的阶梯，行动越多，登得越高。
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2020下半年翻译考试二级笔译模拟题美国的百万富翁都住在哪里?About 5.8 percent of the population – 7.2 million households – qualify as millionaires, meaning that they have at least $1 million laying around, excluding their real estate holdings, retirement plans and business partnerships.Kiplinger, publisher of business forecasts and personal finance advice, partneredwith Phoenix Marketing International to figure out how many millionaires live in 933 urban areas with populations of at least 50,000 residents.The Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk area of Connecticut takes the top spot. About 9 percent of its residents – 31,506 of the people who live there – can call themselves millionaires.Not only is this part of Connecticut close to New York City, but the enclave is also home to a number of hedge funds and prominent companies, including Priceline’s parent company, and the Xerox Corporation. These attributes are enough to givethis tony Connecticut locality an edge over Silicon Valley.The California regions of San Jose, Sunnyvale and Santa Clara, which includes Silicon Valley, comes in second with 61,264 millionaire households – 9 percent of all households. The area is home to some of the biggest tech companies in the world, and Google, Apple and Facebook are nearby.The nation’s capital slides into the third spot. Washington, D.C., and its suburbsdraw highly educated Americans looking for influential jobs. The 206,361 millionaire households in the region account for 8.9 percent of D.C.’s 2.3 million households. 2020下半年翻译考试二级笔译模拟题美墨达成新贸易协定U.S. President Donald Trump says the United States and Mexico have reached a trade agreement, leaving Canada as the odd man out in efforts to revise or replace the North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).Speaking Monday from the White House, Trump said the new deal will be called the United States-Mexico Trade Agreement.Trump spoke to reporters as he spoke on the telephone to Mexican President Enrique Pena Nieto. Trump called it a big day for trade and a big day for the country. Trump said: “This is something that is very special for our manufacturers and for our farmers, from both countries, for all of the people that work for jobs. It is also great trade, and it makes it a much more fair bill, and we are very, very excited about it. We have worked long and hard, your representatives have been terrific, my representatives have been fantastic too. They have gotten along very well, and they have worked late into the night for months. It is an extremely complex bill, and it is something that I think will be talked about for many years to come.”The Mexican leader expressed hope to “renew, modernize and update” NAFTA while Trump’s rhetoric indicated he sees that 24-year-old three-nation deal as dead. Canada, an original member of NAFTA, is not part of this deal. Trump said the United States would start negotiating with Canada very shortly.Trump said under the deal, Mexico has agreed to immediately begin purchasing as many U.S. agricultural products as possible. The White House is also expected to formally notify Congress by the end of this week of its intention to sign a new trade agreement within 90 days.美墨达成新贸易协定美国总统特朗普说，美国和墨西哥已经达成了一项贸易协定，这使加拿大在修订或取代《北美自由贸易协定》(NAFTA)的努力中成了局外人。
翻译资格考试二级试题
全国翻译专业资格〔水平〕考试英语二级笔译实务模拟试题Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (英译汉)This section consists of two parts, Part A - “Compulsory Translation“ and Part B - “Choice o f Two Translations“consisting of two sections “Topic1“ and “Topic2“.For the passage in Part A and your choice of passages in Part B, translate the underlined portions, including titles, into Chinese. Above your translation of Part A, write “Compulsory Translation“ and above yourtranslation from Part B, write “Topic 1“ or “Topic 2“ and wr ite your translations on the ANSWER S HEET (60 points, 100 minutes).Part A Compulsory Translation (必译题)〔30 points〕The Dreadlock DeadlockIn the fall of 1993 Christopher Polk transferred from FedEx”s hub in Indianapolis to take over a delivery route in Flatbush District, Brooklyn, N.Y. But moving to the country”s largest community of Caribbean and African immigrants only precipitated a far more profound journey.“I w as becoming culturally aware of the history of the black people,“ says Polk, now 31, “and that g ave me these spiritual questions.“ His answer came providentially, by way of a music video featuring Lord Jamal, who raps about the Rastafarian belief in the sanctity of dreadlocks - the c ords of permanently interlocked strands first worn by African chiefs perhaps 6,000 years ago.Now a practicing Rastafarian, Polk sports thick garlands that gently cascade onto his shoulders. “Your hair is your covenant,“ he says. “Once you grow your locks, it puts youon a p ath.“Unfortunately, that path was a colli sion course with Federal Express”s grooming policy, which requires men to confine their dos to “a reasonable style.“ After years of deliberation, Polk”s bosses gave him a choice: shear his locks or be transferred to a lower-paid job with no customer c ontact. He refused both options and was terminated in June 2022.His tale is not unique. Although Rastafarians number about 5,000 nationally, today dreadlocks, twists or braids are at the height of fashion, nearly as common as Afros were 30 years ago. If Afros symbolized militancy, dreads signal a more spiritual self-declaration, a figurative locking with African ancestors. As Stanford professor Kennell Jackson, who teaches a course called “African Coiffures and Their New World Legacies,“ puts it, “There”s a divinity to these locks.“Divine or not, some employers consider them unacceptably outré.Six other New York-area FedEx employees have lost their jobs because of dreadlocks. They have sued, alleging religious discrimination; the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and New York”s attorneygeneral h ave also charged FedEx with violating religious protections in the Civil Rights Act.The dreadlock deadlock may be easing. FedEx altered its policy slightly a few weeks ago: in the future, observant employees who seek a waiver may wear their locks tucked under uniform hats, says a company spokeswoman. The concession isn”t enough to settle the lawsuits yet. The EEOC also wants reinstatement for the fired drivers, says trial attorney Michael Ranis. He”s optimistic. Some new styles, he knows, grow more appealing over time.Part B Choice of Two Translations (二选一题)〔30 points〕Topic 1 (选题一)Eurasians: The New Face of AsiaFusion is in, not only as an abstract fashion concept, but in that most grounded of realities: mixed-blood people who walk, talk, and produce even more multiracial progeny. Most strange of all, these hybrids are finding themselves hailed as role models for vast masses in Asia with no mixed blood at all. “When I think of Asia, I don”t necessarily think of people who look likeme,“ says Declan Wong, a Chinese-Dutch-American actor and producer, “But somehow we”ve become the face that sells the new Asia.“So maybe Asia”s Eurasian craze is driven by the theories of that whitest of white men, economist Adam Smith. As the world gets smaller, we look for a global marketing mien, a one-size-fits-all face that helps us sell Nokia cell phones and Palmolive shampoo across the world.“For any business, you can”t think locally any more,“ says Paul Lau, general manager at Elite Model Management in Hong Kong, who has built up a stable of Eurasians for his internationally minded clients. “At the very least, you need to think regionally. Ideally, you should think globally.“ A global ima ge helps sell products, even if no one but Filipinos would ever wantto b uy duck-fetus eggs or Thais the most pungent variety of shrimp paste. Yanto Zainal, president o f Macs909, a boutique ad agency in Jakarta, used all indos for a campaign for the local Matahari department store chain. “The store wanted to promote a more cosmopolitan image,“ he says. “Indos have an international look but can still be accepted as Indonesian.“Channel V, the Asia-wide music television channel, was one of the first to broadcast the message of homogenized hybridism. “We needed a messenger that would fit in from Tokyo to the Middle East.“Says Jonnifer Seeto, regional sales marketing manager for the channel, which began beaming its border-busting images in 1994. Star Veejay Asha Gill personifies the global look. When asked what her ethnic heritage is, Gill, a Malaysian citizen, simply shrugs. “Oh,who knows,“she says. “I”m half Punjabi, mixed with some English, a little French and dribs and drabs of God knowswhat else.“ The 29-year-old speaks crisp British English, fluent Malay, and a smidgen of Punjabi. She grew up in a Kuala Lumpur neighborhood that was mostly Chinese, attended an English-speakingschool and was pals with Malay and Indian kids. Gill”s Channel V show, broadcast in English, has a strong following in Malaysia, Japan and the United Arab Emirates. “I”m Hitler”s worst nightmare,“ she s ays. “My ethnicity and profession make me a global person who can”t be defined in just one category.“Topic 2 (选题二)MatterLook at all the things around us: chairs, desks, cupboards, papers and pens in our classroom; motor cars, bicycles and buses in the streets; trees, plants and animals in the countryside; birds, aeroplanes and clouds in the sky; fishes, seaweeds and corals in the sea; stars, the moon andthe sun in outer space. These and all other things including the human body, are examples of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space and has weight.What is Matter Made of?Since ancient times, learned men or philosophers have thought about matter and what it is made up of. One group of philosophers thought that matter was made up of a substance called“hyle“(实质). Another group of philosophers said that matter was made up of four substances, namely e arth, water, air and fire. A third group believed that matter was made up ofvery tiny particleswhich were too small to be seen. These particles were so small that they could never be further divided into smaller particles. They gave t he particles the name atoms which means “those which c annot be divided.“The difference between the various kinds of atoms and the ways in which they were joined were supposed to result in the different kinds of matter.All these ideas arose purely from the mind and were not based on investigation. For many years, people believed in the second idea. But actually it is the third idea that is nearer to our present concept of matter.Dalton”s Atomic TheoryIn the early nineteenth century, Dalton, an English school teacher, stated in this atomic theory that matter was made up of tiny, indivisible particles, which he also called atoms. His laboratory work showedhim that atoms could neitherbe divided into smaller partsnor could they be destroyed. He pictured matter as being made up of tiny solid spherical atoms. Today the idea of the atoms has been accepted. But further work has shown that contrary to Dalton”s findings, atoms are made up of even smaller particles.Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (汉译英)This section consists of two parts, Part A -- “Compulsory Translation“ and Part B - “Choice o f Two Translations“consisting of two sections “Topic1“ and “Topic2“.For the passage in PartA and your choice of passages in Part B, translate the underlined portions, including titles, into English. Above your translation of Part A, write “Compulsory Translation“ and above your translation from Part B, write “Topic 1“ or “Topic 2“ and write your translations on the ANSWER S HEET (40 points, 80 minutes).Part A Compulsory Translation (必译题)〔20 points〕中国政府高度重视人口与进展问题，将人口与进展问题作为国民经济和社会进展总体规划的重要组成局部列入议事日程，始终强调人口增长与经济社会进展相适应，与资源利用和环境保护相协调。
2020.11 CATTI英语二级笔译实务试题英译汉参考译文
2020.11 CATTI英语二级笔译实务试题英译汉参考译文仅供参考English-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into English.【Passage 1】The world is at a social, environmental and economic tipping point. Subdued growth, rising inequalities and accelerating climate change provide the context for a backlash against capitalism, globalization, technology, and elites. There is gridlock in the international governance system and escalating trade and geopolitical tensions are fueling uncertainty. This holds back investment and increases the risk of supply shocks: disruptions to global supply chains, sudden price spikes or interruptions in the availability of key resources.Persistent weaknesses in the drivers of productivity growth are among the principal culprits. In advanced, emerging and developing economies, productivity growth started slowing in 2000 and decelerated further after the crisis. Between 2011 and 2016, “total factor productivity growth” – or the combined growth of inputs, like resources and labour, and outputs - grew by 0.3 percent in advanced economies and 1.3 percent in emerging and developing economies.The financial crisis added to this deceleration. Investments are undermined by uncertainty, low demand and tighter credit conditions. Many of the structural reforms designed to revive productivity that were promised by policy-makers did not materialize.Governments must better anticipate the unintended consequences of technological integration and implement complementary social policies that support populations through the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Economies with strong innovation capability must improve their talent base and the functioning of their labor markets.Adaption is critical. We need an a well-functioning labour market that protects workers, not jobs. Advanced economies need to develop their skills base and tackle rigidities in their labour markets. As innovation capacity grows, emerging economies need to strengthen their skills and labour market to minimize the risks of negative social spillovers.Sustainable economic growth remains the surest route out of poverty and a core driver of human development. For the past decade, growth has been weak and remains below potential in most developing countries, seriously hampering progress on several of the UN’s 2030 sustainable development Goals (SDGs).The world is not on track to meet any of the SDGS. Least developed countries have missed the target of 7 percent growth every year since 2015. Extreme poverty reduction is decelerating. 3.4 billion people –or 46 percent of the world’s population – lived on less than US$5.50 a day and struggled to meet basic needs. After years of steady decline, hunger has increased and now affects 826 million up from 784 million in 2015. A total of 20 percent of Africans population is undernourished. The “zero hunger” target will almost certainly be missed.参考译文世界正处在社会、环境和经济的转折点。
英语翻译二级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析(1)
英语翻译二级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析（1）(1/2)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese.Part A Compulsory Translation第1题"Wisdom of the Crowd": The Myths and RealitiesAre the many wiser than the few? Phil Ball explores the latest evidence on what can make groups of people smarter—but can also make them wildly wrong.Is The Lord of the Rings the greatest work of literature of the 20th Century? Is The Shawshank Redemption the best movie ever made? Both have been awarded these titles by public votes. You don't have to be a literary or film snob to wonder about the wisdom of so-called "wisdom of the crowd",In an age routinely denounced as selfishly individualistic, it's curious that a great deal of faith still seems to lie with the judgment of the crowd, especially when it can apparently be far off the mark. Yet there is some truth underpinning the idea that the masses can make more accurate collective judgments than expert individuals. So why is a crowd sometimes right and sometimes disastrously wrong?The notion that a group's judgement can be surprisingly good was most compellingly justified in James Surowiecki's 2005 book The Wisdom of Crowds, and is generally traced back to an observation by Charles Darwin's cousin Francis Galton in 1907. Galton pointed out that the average of all the entries in a "guess the weight of the ox" competition at a country fair was amazingly accurate—beating not only most of the individual guesses but also those of alleged cattle experts. This is the essence of the wisdom of crowds: their average judgment converges on the right solution.Still, Surowiecki also pointed out that the crowd is far from infallible. He explained that one requirement for a good crowd judgement is that people's decisions are independent of one another. If everyone let themselves be influenced by each other's guesses, there's more chance that the guesses will drift towards a misplaced bias. This undermining effect of social influence was demonstrated in 2011 by a team at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich. They asked groups of participants to estimate certain quantities in geography or crime, about which none of them could be expected to have perfect knowledge but all could hazard a guess—the length of the Swiss-Italian border, for example, or the annual number of murders in Switzerland. The participants were offered modest financial rewards for good group guesses, to make sure they took the challenge seriously.The researchers found that, as the amount of information participants were given about each other's guesses increased, the range of their guesses got narrower, and the centre of this range could drift further from the true value. In other words, the groups were tending towards a consensus, to the detriment of accuracy.This finding challenges a common view in management and politics that it is best to seek consensus in group decision making. What you can end up with instead is herding towards a relatively arbitrary position. Just how arbitrary depends on what kind of pool of opinions you start off with, according to subsequent work by one of the ETH team, Frank Schweitzer, and his colleagues. They say that if the group generally has good initial judgement, social influence can refine rather than degrade their collective decision.No one should need warning about the dangers of herding among poorly informed decision-makers: copycat behaviour has been widely regarded as one of the major contributing factors to the financial crisis, and indeed to all financial crises of the past.The Swiss team commented that this detrimental herding effect is likely to be even greater for deciding problems for which no objectively correct answer exists, which perhaps explains how democratic countries occasionally elect such astonishingly inept leaders.There's another key factor that makes the crowd accurate, or not. It has long been argued that the wisest crowds are the most diverse. That's a conclusion supported in a 2004 study by Scott Page of the University of Michigan and Lu Hong of Loyola University in Chicago.They showed that, in a theoretical model of group decision-making, a diverse group of problem-solvers made a better collective guess than that produced by the group of best-performing solvers.In other words, diverse minds do better, when their decisions are averaged, than expert minds. In fact, here's a situation where a little knowledge can be a dangerous thing. A study in 2011 by a team led by Joseph Simmons of the Yale School of Management in New Haven, Connecticut found that group predictions about American football results were skewed away from the real outcomes by the over-confidence of the fans' decisions, which biased them towards alleged "favourites" in the outcomes of games.All of these findings suggest that knowing who is in the crowd, and how diverse they are, is vital before you attribute to them any real wisdom.Could there also be ways to make an existing crowd wiser? Last month, Anticline Davis-Stober of the University of Missouri and his co-workers presented calculations at a conference on Collective Intelligence that provide a few answers.They first refined the statistical definition of what it means for a crowd to be wise—when, exactly, some aggregate of crowd judgments can be considered better than those of selected individuals. This definition allowed the researchers to develop guidelines for improving the wisdom of a group. Previous work might imply that you should add random individuals whose decisions are unrelated to those of existing group members. That would be good, but it's better still to add individuals who aren't simply independent thinkers but whose views are "negatively correlated"—as different as possible—from the existing members. In other words, diversity trumps independence.If you want accuracy, then, add those who might disagree strongly with your group. What do you reckon of the chances that managers and politicians will select such contrarian candidates to join them? All the same, armed with this information I intend to apply for a position in the Cabinet of the British government. They'd be wise not to refuse.下一题(2/2)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese.Part A Compulsory Translation第2题How much money can be made from trying to extract oil and gas from the layers of shale that lie beneath Britain?Answering that is proving to be a surprisingly difficult scientific question because knowing the basic facts about shale is not enough.The layers have been well mapped for years. In fact until recently geologists tended to regard shale as commonplace, even dull—a view that has obviously changed.The key tool is a seismic survey: sound waves are sent into the ground and the reflections reveal the patterns of the rocks. This describes where the shale lies but not much more.So we know, for example, that the Bowland Shale—which straddles northern England—covers a far smaller area than the massive shale formations of the United States but it is also much thicker than they are.That may mean that it is a potentially richer resource or that it is harder to exploit. Britain's geological history is long and tortured, so folds and fractures disrupt the shale layers, creating a more complex picture than across the Atlantic.To assess what the layers hold involves another step: wells have to be drilled into the rock to allow cores to be extracted so the shale can be analysed in more detail.As Ed Hough of the British Geological Survey told me: "We know the areas under the ground which contain gas and oil—what we don't know is how that gas and oil might be released from the different units of rock and extracted.""There's a lot of variability in these rocks—so their composition, their history and the geological conditions all come into play and are all variable."That means that neighbouring fracking operations might come up with very different results.In a lab at the BGS near Nottingham, I'm shown a simple but effective proof that shale does contain the hydrocarbons—gas and oil—at the heart of the current surge in interest.A few chunks of the rock are dropped into a beaker of water and gently heated until they produce tiny bubbles which rise like strings of pearls to the surface.It is a sight which is both beautiful and significant—the bubbles are methane, which the government hopes will form a new source of home grown energy.The gas and oil were formed millions of years ago when tiny plants and other organisms accumulated on the floor of an ancient and warm ocean—at one stage Britain lay in the tropics. This organic matter was then compacted and cooked by natural geological warmth which transformed it into the fuels in such demand now.So one question is the "total organic content" of the shale—how much organic material is held inside—and there can be large variations in this.But establishing that the shale is laden with fossil fuels is only one part of the story. The samples, extracted from deep underground, then need to be studied to see how readily they would release the fuels.So the BGS scientists fit small blocks of the shale into devices that squeeze it and heat it—trying to mimic the conditions that would be experienced during a fracking operation, when high pressure water and chemicals are injected into the shale to break it apart.Understanding how the shale behaves is essential to forming a judgment on how lucrative it might prove to be—or how unyielding or difficult, as some shale can turn out to be.Dr Caroline Graham, a specialist in geomechanics with the BGS, explained what the research into the rock samples was trying to achieve: "We'll be able to understand better how likely they are to produce certain amounts of gas, how easily they will frack and therefore it will give us a far better idea of how viable the UK deposits are economically speaking."These are early days for the science. And hopes that Britain will be able to copy America's shale revolution may be unrealistic.A senior executive from a global energy company once said a decision on whether to exploit a new shale "play" or area would only be made after 40-60 exploration wells had been dug. Professor Paul Stevens, an energy expert with the Royal Institute for International Affairs, said: "It's going to take a lot more wells to be drilled and a lot more wells to be fractured before we even get an idea of the extent to which we might expect a shale gas revolution and over what time period."So establishing that British shale is rich in oil and gas is only one step of a long journey. The current state of the science only goes so far. How much money can be made from trying to extract oil and gas from the layers of shale that lie beneath Britain?上一题下一题(1/2)Section ⅡChinese-English TranslationThis section consists of two parts, Part A—"Compulsory Translation" and Part B— "Choice of Two Translations" consisting of two sections "Topic 1" and "Topic 2". For the passage in Part A and your choice of passages in Part B, translate the underlined portions, including titles, into English. Above your translation of Part A, write "Compulsory Translation" and above your translation from Part B, write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2".第3题基础设施互联互通是融合发展的基本条件。
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2020年翻译二级笔译实务练习题1 英译汉
Jane Goodall was already on a London dock in March 1957 when she realized that her passport was missing. In just a few hours, she was due to depart on her first trip to Africa.
A school friend had moved to a farm outside Nairobi and, knowing Goodall’s childhood dream was to live among the African wildlife, invited her to stay with the family for a while. Goodall, then 22, saved for two years to pay for her passage to Kenya: waitressing, doing secretarial work, temping at the post office in her hometown, Bournemouth, on England’s southern coast. Now all this was for naught, it seemed.
It’s hard not to wonder how subsequent events in her life — rather consequential as they have turned out to be to conservation, to science, to our sense of ourselves as a species — might have unfolded differently had someone not found her passport, along with an itinerary from Cook’s, the travel agency, folded inside, and delivered it to the Cook’s office. An agency representative, documents in hand,
found her on the dock. “Incredible,” Goodall told me last month, recalling that day. “Amazing.”
Within two months of her arrival, Goodall met the paleontologist Louis Leakey — Nairobi was a small town for its white population in those days — and he immediately offered her a job at the natural-history museum where he was curator. He spent much of the next three years testing her capacity for repetitive work.
He believed in a hypothesis first put forth by Charles Darwin that humans and chimpanzees share an evolutionary ancestor. Close study of chimpanzees in the wild, he thought, might tell us something about that common progenitor. He was, in other words, looking for someone to live among Africa’s wild animals. One night, he told Goodall that he knew just the place where she could do it: Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve, in the British colony of Tanganyika (now Tanzania).
In July 1960, Goodall boarded a boat and after a few hours motoring over the warm, deep waters of Lake Tanganyika, she stepped onto the pebbly beach at Gombe.
Her finding, published in Nature in 1964, that
chimpanzees use tools — extracting insects from a termite mound with leaves of grass —drastically and forever altered humanity’s understanding of itself; man was no longer the natural world’s only user of tools.
After two and a half decades of living out her childhood dream, Goodall made an abrupt career shift, from scientist to conservationist.
1957年3月，当珍妮·古道尔(Jane Goodall)在伦敦码头候船时，她发现护照不见了。
再有几个小时，她就要出发第一次前往非洲。
古道尔有个已经迁往非洲内罗毕郊外农场生活的校友，知道古道尔从小的愿望就是要到非洲与野生动物朝夕相伴，遂邀请古道尔到内罗毕自己家小住一阵。
那年，古道尔22岁，为了攒够肯尼亚之行的旅费，过去两年，她在英国南部海滨城市伯恩茅斯(Bournemouth)老家做过服务生、文秘和邮局临时工。
现在，她的一切努力似乎都要白费了。
幸亏有人捡到她的护照，连同护照夹着折好了的由库克(Cook)旅行社出具的行程单，一并送回到了库克旅行社。
一名库克旅行社代表拿着这些证件材料，在码头找到了古道尔。
这才有了古道尔后来的自然保护工作和科学研究，并改变了我们对人类自身这个物种的认识。
如果没人捡到，很难想象古道尔的人生轨迹会是哪般，“失而复得，真难以置信，”古道尔上个月告诉我时说，“这
太神奇了。
”
内罗毕当年还是一座小镇。
在古道尔到达后不到两个月，她见到了时任自然历史博物馆馆长的人类学家路易士•李基(Louis Leakey)，李基请她到馆里工作。
在随后的三年里，李基花了许多时间，检验古道尔开展重复性工作的能力。
李基相信查尔斯•达尔文最先提出的假设：即人类与黑猩猩都由同一个祖先进化而来。
李基认为，在野外对黑猩猩进行详细研究，或许会有一些关于这个共同祖先的发现。
换句话说，他正在寻找一位可以与黑猩猩一起生活的人。
一天晚上，李基告诉古道尔，他知道一个刚好可以研究黑猩猩的地方：位于英国殖民地坦噶尼喀(今坦桑尼亚)的贡贝溪黑猩猩保护区(Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve)。
1960年7月，古道尔登上了一艘小船，在温暖的坦噶尼喀深湖上航行数小时后，在贡贝的一个鹅卵石沙滩登陆。
古道尔的研究发现刊登在1964年的《自然》期刊上。
古道尔发现，黑猩猩会使用工具，即利用草叶从白蚁丘里勾到白蚁吃。
这项发现彻底改变了人类一直以来对自身的认识。
人类从此不再是自然界一个可以使用工具的动物。
古道尔用了25年时间去实现儿时的梦想，后来她突然放弃科
研，从事自然保护工作。