rewrite the sentences

For example,
1. Mary returned home. She was very late.
>>Mary returned home very late.
2. He got a job near his home. He was helped by his father in finding the job.
II. Rewrite the sentence.
•Review of types 2 to 7
i.e. [I. Revise the sentence (2)]
•Contraction •Expansion
Possible types of rewriting
• Contraction • Expansion
>>The book, Research Methods, was lying on the floor. (apposition)
11. He was holding a book in his hands, and moving towards us.
>>With a book (held) in his hands, he was moving towards us. (absolute construction)
8. Kate is a girl of ten. She loves music very much. >>Kate, a girl of ten, loves music very much.
9. The cake had been eaten. The boy went into the shop for more. >>(With) The cake (having been) eaten, the boy went into the shop for more.
The complex sentence 复合句:
The sentence with ‘while’, ‘when’, ‘(al)though’, ‘before’, ‘because’, ‘as’, ‘until’, ‘who’, ‘whose’, ‘which’, ‘that’, ‘since’, ‘after’, ‘whereas’, ‘whatever’, ‘as soon as’, etc.
句
The compound sentence 并列句:
The sentence with ‘and’, ‘but’, ‘for’, ‘or’, ‘nor’, ‘so’, ‘yet’.
Examples:
1. The heavy rain started suddenly. We stopped planting our trees.
The heavy rain started suddenly, so we stopped planting our trees.
2. Frank wanted to go swimming. Mary decided to go shopping.
Frank wanted to go swimming, but Mary decided to go shopping.
组/短语中
For example, 1. The thesis which is written by Prof. Zhang
is well-written. >>The thesis by Prof. Zhang is wellwritten. (noun phrase) 2. He is very fond of music. >>He loves music. (verb phrase) 3. Everyone says that he will come. >>He is said to come. (verb phrase)
8. It is admitted that he will come.
>>Admittedly, he will come. (adverbial phrase)
9. He was holding a book in his hands, reading it, and moving towards us.
>>Reading a book in his hands, he was moving towards us. (participial phrase)
10. The book, whose name was Research Methods, was lying on the floor.
>>The book, entitled Research Methods, was lying on the floor. (participial phrase)
>>He got a job near his home with the help of his father.
3. The thesis is well-written. There are some grammatical mistakes.
>>The thesis is well-written except for some grammatical mistakes.
(3) By turning a simple sentence into a complex, compound, or compoundcomplex sentence;
(4) By turning a sentence into two or more sentences, or a paragraph.
6. There is no doubt that he will come. >>Surely, he will come. (adverbial phrase)
7. Product A is more advantageous over Product B.
>> Product A surpasses/outweighs Product B. (verb phrase)
4. All of a sudden, the wenku.baidu.comar bumped into a tree. >>Suddenly, the car bumped into a tree. (adverbial phrase)
5. It is very likely that he will come. >>Very likely he will come. (adverbial phrase)
Contraction
(1) By turning (part of) a sentence into one shorter phrase/group, etc.;
(2) By turning a pair/number of sentences into one (simple) sentence;
❖ Noun phrase名词短语 ❖ Verb phrase动词短语 ❖ Adverbial phrase 副词短语 ❖ Participial phrase 分词短语 ❖ Prepositional phrase 介词短语 ❖ Adjective/adjectival phrase 形容词短语 ❖ Apposition 同位语 ❖ Absolute construction 独立主格结构
context)
Contraction
(1) By turning (part) of a sentence into one shorter phrase/group, etc.:
❖ noun phrase 名词短语 ❖ verb phrase 动词短语 ❖ adverbial phrase 副词短语 ❖ participial phrase 分词短语 ❖ prepositional phrase 介词短语 ❖ adjective/adjectival phrase 形容词短语 ❖ apposition 同位语 ❖ absolute construction 独立主格结构 ❖ mixed part of other phrase/group溶合在其他词
4. Mary had to give up sewing. Her arthritis had become very painful.
Mary had to give up sewing, for her arthritis had become very painful.
For exercises, see another file.
14. It is likely for him to come. >>He is likely to come. (adjective phrase)
Contraction
(2) By turning a pair/number of sentences into one (simple) sentence:
(3) By applying both these skills.
Contraction methods
(1) Semantic re-organization; (2) Structure re-organization; (3) Omission of irrelevant information (in
6. He stood at the door. He waited for her. >>He stood at the door, waiting for her. >>Standing at the door, he waited for her.
7. She was beaten badly. She kept crying. >>Beaten badly, she kept crying.
12. He was angry when he found me standing there. >>He was angry at my standing there. (prepositional phrase)
13. He must be very, very tired. >>He must be exhausted. (adjective phrase)
4. Mary failed in the exam. She was careless.
>>Mary failed in the exam because of her carelessness.
5. John succeeded in the exam. She was careless.
>>John succeeded in the exam in spite of his carelessness.
For exercises, see another file.
Expansion
(1) By turning a noun, verb, or adjective, etc., into a noun, verb, or adjective phrase/group, etc;
(2) By turning a phrase/group into a sentence or sentences;
3. Jane works at the Family Planning Clinic. Her husband Smith does research work for the same unit.
Jane works at the Family Planning Clinic and her husband Smith does research work for the same unit.
Expansion methods
(1) Use of synonymous expressions; (2) Use of additional information (in context)
The 3 concepts
❖ The compound sentence 并列句 ❖ The complex sentence 复合句 ❖ The compound-complex sentence并列-复合