高中：高三英语句子成分和句子结构讲解
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习英语句子就像一座建筑，句子成分是构成这座建筑的各种材料，而句子结构则是建筑的框架。
理解句子成分和结构对于我们正确理解和运用英语至关重要。
接下来，让我们一起深入探讨。
一、英语句子成分1、主语主语是句子所描述的主体，通常是某人、某事或某物。
它是句子的核心，决定了句子要说的是谁或什么。
比如，“The dog is cute” （这只狗很可爱。
）中，“The dog”就是主语。
2、谓语谓语表示主语的动作或状态。
它通常由动词构成。
例如，“She sings beautifully” （她唱歌很好听。
）中的“sings”就是谓语。
3、宾语宾语是动作的对象，通常是接受动作的人或物。
比如，“He bought a book” （他买了一本书。
）中的“a book”就是宾语。
4、表语表语用于说明主语的特征、状态、身份等。
常见的系动词有 be （am/is/are）、seem、look 等，其后的成分就是表语。
例如，“She is happy” （她很开心。
）中的“happy”就是表语。
5、定语定语用来修饰、限定名词或代词。
它可以是形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语等。
例如，“The red car is mine” （那辆红色的车是我的。
）中的“red”就是定语。
6、状语状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示时间、地点、原因、方式、程度等。
比如，“He runs fast” （他跑得很快。
）中的“fast”就是状语。
7、补语补语用于补充说明宾语或主语的情况。
例如，“We made him our monitor” （我们选他当班长。
）中的“our monitor”就是宾语补足语。
二、英语句子结构1、简单句简单句只有一个主谓结构，是最基本的句子类型。
例如，“I love you” （我爱你。
）2、并列句并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句通过并列连词（and, but, or 等）连接而成。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解1. 主语（Subject）：句子中进行动作或者是被动接受动作的人或物。
例句：Tom is reading a book.（主语是Tom）2. 谓语（Predicate）：句子中所陈述的动作或状态。
例句：I am studying English. （谓语是am studying）3. 宾语（Object）：句子中被动作的对象或者是动作的影响者。
例句：She bought a new car.（宾语是a new car）4. 定语（Adjective）：修饰名词或代词的词或词组。
例句：I saw a black cat.（定语是black）5. 状语（Adverb）：修饰动词、形容词、副词，可以表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。
例句：She sings beautifully.（状语是beautifully）例句：I am a student.（补语是a student）英语句子结构可以按照不同的组合方式分类：1. 简单句（Simple Sentence）：包含一个主语和一个谓语。
例句：She sings.（主语+谓语）例句：I like swimming, but he prefers hiking.（独立子句+连接词+独立子句）3. 并列句（Coordinative Sentence）：用连词连接两个或更多的相同层次的分句。
例句：I am tired, so I'm going to bed.（分句+连词+分句）例句：She invited me to a party, which made me happy.（主句+从句）总结起来，英语句子成分和结构的掌握对于理解和构建句子都是非常重要的。
通过对各个成分的认识和使用，可以更准确地表达自己的意思。
而了解不同的句子结构，可以帮助我们构建丰富多样的句子，提高语言表达的能力。
英语句子成分和句子结构分析
英语句子成分和句子结构分析语法讲解1认识语法一、英语语法分为两大部分词法微观遣词；句法宏观造句01词法微观遣词1. 实词：有实际意义的词;名词n.：表事物名称动词vi./vt.：行为,动态;vi.不及物动词,本身可以表达完整意义,后面不需要带宾语vt.及物动词,本身无法表达完整意义,后面必须带宾语形容词adj.：修饰n.副词adv.：修饰v./adj.或者句子中其他adv或者整个句子代词Pron.：代替n.数词num.：表数量基数词,表顺序序数词2. 虚词：没有实际意义的词;介词prep.：说明词与词之间的关系连词conj.：说明句子与句子之间的关系冠词art.：在n.前,限定n.感叹词int.：表达感叹02句法宏观造句1.句子的成分2.句子结构3.句子的变化4.句子的功能5.句子的类型：简单句,并列句,复合句6.复合句：名词性从句,定语从句,状语从句二、语法四大原则1. 词性决定词用2. 同类同用同种类型的词,用法相同,越细分,越一致3. 动词即句魂句子里最重要的是谓语,谓语部分最重要的就是动词4. 举一反三由表及里,发掘句子结构,归属；认识句子本质,由点及面,放大到句群;语法精讲2句子的成分主体：主语,谓语,宾语,表语次体：定语,状语,补语,同位语主语：一个句子的主体,是全句述说的对象;常由名词,代词或相当于名词或代词的词担任,一般放在句首;The sun名词n. rises in the east.W e代词pron. are friendsT wenty years数词num. is a short time in history.S eeing动名词 is believingT o be a teacher不定式is my dreamW hat he needs 句子is a book 主语从句I t 形式主语is time to go home真正的主语形式主语是为保持句子平衡谓语：表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或动词词组担任,放在主语的后面W e study实意动词 EnglishI can情态动词do itI don’t助动词knowH e is系动词asleep.宾语：表示谓语行为的对象,常由名词,代词或相当于名词的词担任,一般放在及物动词或者介词之后;I play with him代词I like china名词H ow many do you need ——we need two数词I enjoy working with you动名词I hope to see you again不定式D id you write down what he said句子U nder the snow介宾短语,there are many rocks.H e gave me间接宾语a book直接宾语 yesterday表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态,一般由名词或者形容词担任;凡是系动词be 动词,感官动词等出现的地方,后面必定带着表语He is a teacher名词Seventy-four you don’t look it代词F ive and five is ten数词H e is asleep形容词T his picture is on the wall介词短语M y watch is missing/lost 形容词化的分词T o wear a flower is to say“ I’m poor ,I can’t buy a ring”不定式T he question is whether they will come句子语法精讲3定语：用来修饰或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或者从句担任,形容词放在名词前面;相当于形容词的短语或者从句放在名词后面;H e is a clever boyT his is an apple treeT here are ten students in our classS he is Tom’s sisterH e bought some sleeping pillsT he girl in red is his sisterW e have a lot of work to doT he girl standing under the tree is his daughterD o you know the man who spoke just now.状语：用来说明动词,形容词,副词或者整个句子的成分;常由副词担任;修饰动词可放动词前,也可放在动词后；修饰形容词或者副词时放在他们前面;动词的八个状态：时间,地点,原因,状态,目的,结果,方式,程度T he students study hardI often write to himH e wrote with a red pencilH e went to see a filmT he students went away laughingI’ll write to you as soon as I get there .补语：表示补充说明,总是跟着宾语跑I found a book lying on the floor.D o you smell something burningS he asked me to go with her.独立成分：同位语,感叹语B ruce,my English teacher,is a cool man That’s great语法精讲4简单句的5种基本结构通过一个爱情故事掌握5种简单句;1, 主语+谓语：She comes.2, 主语+系动词+表语She is lovely.3, 主语+谓语+宾语I love her.4, 主语+谓语+间宾+直宾I gave her a rose.5, 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补I made her happy. 2三大句子结构类型1, 简单句F rank and Eric are good friends.I make and have breakfast.2, 并列句I like English, but I don’t like math.I hate grammar,while he loves it.3, 复合句W hat she does is not good.T he man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle.W hen you finish the work,you may go out to play with Sam.语法精讲5简单句T hat is what I want to tell you. 表语从句I t’s a question how he did it. 同位语从句T he man whom you talk with is my friend. 定语从句I f I am free,I will go shopping . 条件状语从句四种句子类型：01陈述句肯定,否定H e is six years old.S he doesn’t like English.02疑问句一般,特殊,选择,反义D o you like swimming ↑一般疑问句W hat are you doing ↓特殊疑问代词+一般疑问句=特殊疑问句I s this a pen ↑or a pencil ↓选择疑问句S he likes dancing↓,doesn’t she ↑反义疑问句;前肯后否或者前否后肯03祈使句：命令,要求,请求;一般会略去主语,动词开头B e careful , boysD on’t speak in class04感叹句：how/what 开头H ow clever the boy isW hat a nice day it is。
高三英语句子成分和句子结构讲解
高三英语句子成分和句子结构讲解句子成分主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
the sun rises in the east. （名词）he likes dancing.（代词）twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)seeing is believing. （动名词）to see is to believe.（不定式）what he needs is a book. （主语从句）it is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （it形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
we study english. he is asleep.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
he is a teacher. （名词）seventy-four! you don’t look it. （代词）five and five is ten. （数词）he is asleep. （形容词）his father is in. （副词）the picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)my watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）to wear a flower is to say “i’m poor, i can’t buy a ring. （不定式）the question is whether they will come. （表语从句）（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）...it sounds a good idea. the sound sounds strange.her voice sounds sweet. tom looks thin.the food smells delicious. the food tastes good.the door remains open. now i feel tired.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾i like china. （名词）he hates you. （代词）how many do you need? we need two. （数词）we should help the old and the poor. i enjoy working with you. （动名词）共7页，当前第1页1234567i hope to see you again. （不定式）did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾are you afraid of the snake? under the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）he gave me a book yesterday. give the poor man some money.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
高三英语句子成分和句子结构讲解
高三英语句子成分和句子结构讲解句子成分主语:句子说明的人或事物。
Thesunrisesintheeast.Heliesdancing.Tentyyearsisashorttieinhistory.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.hatheneedsisaboo.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllieatree.谓语:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
estudyEnglish.Heisasleep.表语:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
Heisateacher.Seventy-four!youdon’tlooit.Fiveandfiveisten.Heisasleep.Hisfatherisin.Thepictureisontheall.yatchisgone/issing/lost.Toearafloeristosay“I’poor,Ican’tbuyaring.Thequestionishethertheyille.,loo,feelPleaseaeyourselfathoe.介词短语）Don’tlethidothat.Hisfatheradvisedhitoteachthelazyboyalesson.Don’teepthelightsburning.I’llhaveybierepaired.主补：对主语的补充。
Heaselectedonitor.Sheasfoundsinginginthenextroo.Heasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Aiyanlingisacheistryteacher.Heisourfriend.ebelongtothethirdorld.Heasadvisedtoteachthelazyboya lesson.Theanoverthereisyoldfriend.Theoanithababyinherarsis ysister.Theboysplayingfootballareinclass2.Thetreesplantedlastyeararegroingellno.Ihaveanideatodoitell.youshoulddoeverythingthatIdo.状语：用来修饰v.,ad,adv.,or句子。
高中英语句子成分及结构分析
高中英语句子结构分析英语的九大词类名词，代词，动词，形容词，副词，数词，连词，介词，冠词。
一、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
物体名--desk,cup,chair.人名--Mike,Li Ming;地名—America ,China 动物名--pig,dog;植物名--tree,wheat.抽象的事物的名称:idea(主意),victory(胜利),knowledge(知识).二、代词（pron.）：主要用来代替名词，所以说名词和代词关系是很近的。
代替人的代词有：I,you,he,she,it,they这里要注意，代词的作宾语的形式me,him,her,them....，代替物的代词有:it,that,this,those,these三、动词(v.)："动"就是动作--可以指具体的动作:walk(走),jump(跳),swim(游泳);人的大脑动作(心理活动):think(想),imagine(想象).四、形容词(adj.)：用来表示名词的性质或特征。
我们在谈论人或物时，常用上：tall（高的），short矮的），black（黑的），white（白的）这些词往往是修饰名词。
五、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，说明动作发生的时间、地点、程度等。
副词很多是从形容词加ly构成的，所以看单词词尾是否有ly是判断是否是副词的一种方法，但是词尾是ly的也不一定都是副词，可能是形容词（likely—有可能的lovely—可爱的friendly—友好的lonely—孤独的weekly—每周一次的monthly—每月一次的yearly—每年一次的）六、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。
at, by, to,in,for,of, on,from,with介词在英语中最常用于介宾结构——介词+名词/代词，起修饰作用.比如：in winter,from America,behind the door等等。
高中句子成分详细讲解及基本句型结构
英语句子成分详解一、英语句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫作句子的成分。
句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。
1)主语subject主语是一个句子的主体,是全句叙述的对象,是句子要说明的人或事物,即表示句子所说的“是什么”或“是谁”,常由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等担任,一般位于句首。
The girl can sing many English songs.We are students. / This is my pen. Y ours is on the desk.The blind need more help.To speak loudly in public is not polite.Smoking is bad for your health.2)谓语predicate谓语是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的动作或状态,常由动词担任,一般位于主语之后。
谓语有时态和语态的变化,且要和主语在人称和数上保持一致。
I love you. Y ou hate me. Y ou hurt my heart.I have an English-Chinese dictionary. He has one too.We can play the piano.She is talking with her sister. / I have seen this man before.3)宾语object宾语是谓语动词所涉及的对象,是谓语动词所表示动作的对象或承受者。
常由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等担任,一般位于谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。
He is doing his homework. / I saw a plane in the sky just now.They did nothing this morning. / I met him on my way home.She wants to go home.We enjoy playing football.【注意】:某些及物动词之后要求有双宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语,直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人。
高三英语句子结构讲解(彻底搞清句子结构)
高三英语句子结构讲解（彻底搞清句子结构）句子结构1.英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
2.英语五种基本句型结构如下：ＳＶ（主＋谓）ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）主语（subject）谓语（predicate）宾语（object）定语（attribute）表语（predicative）1). 基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，都不带宾语，但可以带状语。
2). 基本句型二：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）此结构是由“主语及物动词（词组）宾语”构成。
3). 基本句型三：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give“给”，pass“递”，bring“带”，show“显示”。
这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。
间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。
一般的顺序为：动词间接宾语直接宾语。
例如：He gave me a cup of tea. (ＳＶｏＯ)强调间接宾语顺序为：动词直接宾语介词（to\for）间接宾语。
例如：Show this house to Mr. Smith.若直接宾语为人称代词时，只能用：动词代词直接宾语介词间接宾语。
例如：Bring it to me, please. (不能说 Bring me it, please.)常跟双宾语的及物动词有：（需借助to的）allow, bring, deny, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write等。
（需借助for的） buy, choose, fetch, get, make, order, paint, play(演奏), save, sing, spare等。
高中英语句子成分及结构
英语句子成分及句子结构英语句子基本构成成分：主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如I ,we, he, she, they ），数词、动词不定式，动名词等。
最常用的便是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式。
主语一般在句首。
(1)名词作主语English is very important. 英语是很重要的。
The students all love their English teacher. ‘这些学生都爱他们的英语老师。
(2)代词作主语They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学。
(3)动名词作主语Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。
It’s no use regretting it. 后悔是无用的。
(4)动词不定式(短语)作主语To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
It is necessary to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语是很必要的谓语：谓语由动词构成，谓语时态、语态的变化都体现在动词的变化上，一般在主语之后。
（1）及物动词作谓语We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。
All of the students like the novel. 所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。
（2）不及物动词作谓语You’re driving too fast. 你开车开得太快了。
The teacher came in, book in hand. 老师走进教室，手里拿着书。
（3）连系动词作谓语He looks worried.他看起来很担心。
The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。
(4) 复合谓语：①由情态动词加动词原形构成。
如：You may keep the book for two weeks.②由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。
高中英语语法-句子成分和基本句子结构
句子成分和基本句子结构英语句子的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。
英语句一个完整的子，至少由两局部组成（祁使句除外）——主语和谓语。
除了主语和谓语，句子有时还需要其他的成分，如用在系动词后说明主语性质，特征，状态或身份的表语，用在及物动后，表示行为对象或结果的宾语，修饰或限定名词或代词的定语，修饰动词形容词副词介词短语或全句的状语以及对一个名词或代词作进一步解释的同位语等。
英语五种基本句型列式如下：四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）主语：能够作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），数词，名词化的形容词，动词不定式，动名词或从句。
主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。
不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come.此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，不能再接对象（即宾语），这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面能够跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等作状语。
Ｓ│Ｖ（不及物动词）1. The moon │rose.2. The universe │remains.3. We all │breathe, eat, and drink.4. Who │cares?5. What he said │does not matter.6. They │talked for half an hour.7. The pen │writes smoothly基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个说明主语性质，特征，状态或身份的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。
2020年-2021年高中英语 高考 高中学业水平考试 句子成分和句子结构
第1讲句子成分英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。
但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。
同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。
考点1.主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。
可以作主语的词性或语法结构：1.名词2.代词3.数词4.名词化的形容词（如the rich）5.不定式6.动名词7.主语从句等表示。
练习1.在下面句子的主语下面划横线，并说出由什么充当1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.2.We often speak English in class.3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health.6.The rich should help the poor.7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.9.That he isn’t at home is not true考点2.谓语谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如：He practices running every morning.He reads newspapers every day.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。
高考英语句子成分及句子基本结构(共32张PPT)(2024版)
go swimming, how about you?
（四）表语
• 表语说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份， 与连系动词一起构成复合谓语。
• We are Chinese. （名词） • I’m not quite myself today. （代词） • Who was the first? （数词） • The war was over. （副词） • He is out of condition. （介词短词） • They seem to know the truth. （动词不定式） • His hobby is playing computer games.（动名词短语） • That is what he told me yesterday. （从词）
• ② There is an old man coming here.
（名词）
• ③To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
（不定式）
㈡谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征
• 谓语由简单谓语和复合谓语组成。 • ①简单谓语 • The sun rises in the east. • He looked after two orphans. • ②复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; • He can speak English very well. • The work must be done before three o’clock.
• Do you know the man who spoke just now?
高三英语句子成分和句子结构讲解.doc
高三英语句子成分和句子结构讲解句子成分主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
the sun rises in theeast. （名词） he likes dancing. （代词）twentyyears is a short time in history. (数词) seeing is believing.（动名词） to see is to believe. （不定式） whathe needs is a book. （主语从句）it is very clear that the elephantis round and tall like a tree. （it形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
we study english. he is asleep. 表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
he is a teacher. （名词）seventy-four! you don’t look it. （代词）five and five is ten. （数词） he is asleep. （形容词） his father is in. （副词） the picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)mywatch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）to wear a flower is to say “i’m poor, i can’t buy a ring.（不定式）the question is whether they will come. （表语从句）（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）,feel（感觉） ... it sounds a good idea. the soundsounds strange.her voice sounds sweet. tom looksthin.the food smells delicious. the food tastes good.thedoor remains open. now i feel tired.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾i like china. （名词） he hates you. （代词）howmany do you need? we need two. （数词）we should help the old andthe poor. i enjoy working with you. （动名词）345672019-04-16句子成分主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
高中英语句子成分划分详解(全)
Grammar of Unit 1Different parts of a sentence概念句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。
组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。
句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英语中，一般句子必须有主语和谓语），表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。
其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。
▲句子成分分类1．主语主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。
大多数主语都在句首。
如：讲述“谁” We work in a big factory.讲述“什么” The classroom is very big.数词作主语 Three are enough. 三个人就够了不定式作主语 To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job.从句作主语 What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物.▲在“There be …”句型中，主语的位置在中间。
如：There are some bottles of milk in the box.▲在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。
如：It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”.It took two workers about three months to build the house.2．谓语谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语必须是动词，谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。
如：He is very generous. She looks very smart and coolWe have finished the job. He can speak German.3．表语表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当，它的位置在系动词后面。
高中英语语法—句法结构及句子成分知识点讲解
高中英语语法—句法结构及句子成分知识点讲解十大词类与八大句子成分的关系（1）十大词类：据英语单词所表达的含义以及在句子中的作用，把英语单词分为10个类别，就是10大词类：名词、代词、数词、动词、副词、形容词、冠词、介词、连词、感叹词。
根据部分词类具有的共同特征，又将十大词类分为两大部分：实词：名词、代词、数词、动词、副词、形容词。
特征：具有完整的词义；能够在句子中独立充当句子成分。
虚词：冠词、介词、连词、感叹词。
特征：没有完整的意思；不能够在句子中独立充当句子成分，必须和实词搭配，才能充当句子成分。
十大词类和八大句子成分（2）八大句子成分：句子成分：组成英语句子的各个部分，叫做句子成分。
英语的句子最多由八个句子成分组成，即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语以及同位语。
★主语：概念：句子的主体，发出动作的人或物，表示所说的是谁或是什么。
位置：主语一般在句首，特殊句型中在句末（如用it充当形式宾语，把真正的主语放在后面）。
构成：由名词（短语）、代词、动名词、动词不定式或从句充当。
例：Henry is a good boy.亨利是个好孩子。
He ran away.他跑掉了。
To learn a foreign language is not easy.学习一门外语不容易。
Driving to Beijing is not difficult.开车去北京不难。
What has happened proves that our policy is right. 发生的一切证明我们的政策是对的。
Whether we’ll go depends on the weather. 我们是否去要看天气。
★谓语：概念：说明主语的动作、特征、状态等的句子成分，叫做谓语。
位置：谓语动词通常位于主语之后，特殊句型（倒装句）位于主语之前。
构成：由动词或动词短语充当。
动词分为：实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。
高考英语句子成分与句子结构专项讲解
高考英语句子成分与句子结构专项讲解一、考点分析（考查形式：语法填空，句子翻译，及阅读中对句子的理解）二、专题详解Sentence Structure 句子成分练习①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.②There is an old man coming here.③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.(一) ①teacher ②man ③dictionary ④To do①I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall②The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. getB. longerC. daysD. summer③Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC. goD. bus④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. DidB. twinsC. haveD. breakfast⑥Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. TomB. didn'tC. doD. his homework⑦What I want to tell you is this.A. wantB. to tellC. youD. is⑧We had better send for a doctor.A. WeB. hadC. sendD. doctor⑨He is interested in music.A. isB. interestedC. inD. music⑩Whom did you give my book to?A. giveB. didC. whomD. book(二) ①B ②A ③C ④A ⑤C ⑥C ⑦D ⑧C ⑨A ⑩A①The old man was feeling very tired.②Why is he worried about Jim?③The leaves have turned yellow.④Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤She was the first to learn about it.①tired②worried ③yellow④interested ⑤the first①They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.②What is your given name?③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.⑥I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!①with the family name②given ③third④afraid ⑤downstairs ⑥of theother shoe①My brother hasn't done his homework.②People all over the world speak English.③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④How many new words did you learn last class?⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.⑦They made him monitor of the class.⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.⑨You will find it useful after you leave school.⑩They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.⑾She always thinks of how she can improve her spoken English.⑿Alisa is sorry for what she said.①his homework②English③good attention, your pronunciation④new words ⑤to go ⑥he wasill⑦him ⑧the bridge; the museum ⑨it⑩who "Father Christmas" really is.⑾how she can improve her spoken English ⑿what she said①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.②He asked her to take the boy out of school.③She found it difficult to do the work.④They call me Lily sometimes.⑤I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?①to read②to take ③difficult④Lily ⑤get on ⑥playing①There was a big smile on her face.②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.③He began to learn English when he was eleven.④The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.⑥She loves the library because she loves books.⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.①On her face②every night ③when he was eleven④too fast⑤With the medicine boxunder her arm⑥because she loves books⑦if you've lost it,⑧to see the other machine①Please tell us a story.②My father bought a new bike for me last week.③Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.④Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.⑤Did he leave any message for me?⑥He told us once again that the situation was serious.(八) ①us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语②me, 间接宾语a new bike, 直接宾语③us, 间接宾语history, 直接宾语④Tom, 间接宾语it, 直接宾语⑤me, 间接宾语message, 直接宾语⑥us间接宾语；that the situation was serious 直接宾语1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting togetherearly in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palacesin Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managedto finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. I have no idea when he was born.14. I don’t know the time when he was born.1、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语，状语；4、定语；5、状语，状语；6、定语，表语；7、宾语，状语；8、谓语；9、谓语；10、主语，表语；11、谓语，宾语；12、状语；13 同位语14 定语句子，按结构，分为三类:简单句、并列句和复合句。
高中英语高考复习句子成分详解(共五种)
高考英语句子成分英语的基本成分有八种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 、补语（complement）和同位插入。
常用的英语句子除了基本句型的成分不变外,通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语(modifier)而加以扩大｡这些修饰语可以是单词(主要是形容词.副词和数词),也可以是各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语.不定式短语和分词短语)｡我们称之为:定语.状语一、定语定语是对名词或代词起修饰.限定作用的词.短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示｡定语通常位于被修饰的成分前｡若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something.nothing);或不定式.分词短语作定语.从句作定语时,则定语通常置后｡副词用作定语时须放在名词之后｡1.形容词作定语The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy;blue修饰名词pen.)小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔｡Tom is a handsome boy.Tom是个英俊的男孩｡There is a good boy.有个乖男孩｡数词作定语相当于形容词:Two boys need two pens.两个男孩需要两支钢笔｡The two boys are students.这两个男孩是学生｡There are two boys in the room.房间里有两个男孩｡代词或名词所有格作定语:His boy needs Tom\'s pen.他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔｡His name is Tom.他的名字是汤姆｡There are two boys of Toms there.那儿有Tom家的两个男孩｡介词短语作定语:The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔｡The boy in blue is Tom.穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆｡There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩｡名词作定语:The boy needs a ball pen.男孩需要一支圆珠笔｡It is a ball pen.这是一支圆珠笔｡There is only one ball pen in the pencil box.这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔｡2.副词作定语The boy there needs a pen.那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔｡The best boy here is Tom.这里最棒的男孩是Tom｡3.不定式作定语The boy to write this letter needs a pen.写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔｡The boy to write this letter is Tom.将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆｡There is nothing to do today.今天无事要做｡4.分词(短语)作定语The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔｡The pen bought by her is made in China.她买的笔是中国产的｡There are five boys left.有五个留下的男孩｡5.定语从句The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔｡The boy you will know is Tom.你将认识的男孩叫汤姆｡There are five boys who will play the game.参加游戏的男孩有五个｡二、状语状语修饰动词.形容词.副词或全句,说明方式.因果.条件.时间.地点.让步.方向.程度.目的等｡状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间.地点.目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词.助动词.情态动词之后,动词之前｡有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义,应注意,如:The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘(此时in the classroom为girl的定语),也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’(此时in the classroom为地点状语),最好写作‘In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.'1.副词(短语)作状语The boy needs a pen very much.男孩非常需要一支钢笔｡(程度状语)The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔｡(宾语较长则状语前置)The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔｡(程度状语)The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔｡(时间状语)2.介词短语作状语In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.在教室里,男孩需要一支钢笔｡(地点状语)Before his mother,Tom is always a boy.在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语) On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)3.分词(短语)作状语He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔｡(表示伴随状态)Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen./因为不得不完成作业,男孩需要一支笔｡(原因状语)Frightened,he sits there soundlessly.(因为)受了惊吓,他无声地坐在那儿｡(原因状语)4.不定式作状语The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业｡(目的状语)To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣｡5.名词作状语Come this way!走这条路!(方向状语)状语从句:时间状语从句.地点状语从句.原因状语从句.结果状语从句.目的状语从句.比较状语从句.让步状语从句.条件状语从句三、同位语同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语｡如: We students should study hard./ (students是we的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’)We all are students./ (all是we的同位语,都指同样的‘我们’)四、独立成分有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,称为句子独立成分(注意:区别于分词独立结构)｡感叹词:oh,hello,aha,ah,等｡肯定词:yes否定词:no称呼语:称呼人的用语｡插入语:一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等｡如:The story,I think,has never come to the end.我相信,这个故事还远没结束情态词:表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语)perhaps也许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然,等｡五、分词独立结构分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词独立结构。
高三英语句子结构讲解
高三英语句子结构讲解句子是由一个或多个词按照一定的语法规则组成的完整表达意义的单位。
英语句子的主要结构包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等。
下面是对这些基本句子结构的详细讲解：1. 主语（Subject）：句子中执行动作或状态的人或物；一般位于句子的主要位置，或者在 be 动词后面。
例如：John is a student.（约翰是个学生。
）Dogs like to play.（狗喜欢玩。
）2. 谓语（Predicate）：句子中说明主语动作或状态的动词或动词短语。
例如：He is reading a book.（他在读一本书。
）She has been studying for hours.（她已经学习了几个小时。
）3. 宾语（Object）：句子中接受动作的人或物；通常是及物动词的直接宾语，或者介词后面的宾语。
例如：I bought a new car.（我买了一辆新车。
）She gave the book to her friend.（她把书给了她的朋友。
）4. 表语（Predicate Nominative）：句子中表示主语状态或特征的名词、形容词、代词或介词短语；一般是连系动词的后面。
例如：He is a doctor.（他是一名医生。
）The soup tastes delicious.（这汤尝起来很美味。
）5. 定语（Adjective）：句子中修饰主语、宾语或表语的形容词、副词或介词短语；一般位于被修饰的词的前面。
例如：There is a red apple on the table.（桌子上有一个红苹果。
）The girl with long hair is my sister.（那个长头发的女孩是我的妹妹。
6. 状语（Adverbial）：句子中修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的副词、介词短语或从句；用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、方式、条件等。
例如：He runs quickly.（他跑得很快。
高考英语复习语法知识讲解讲义(5种基本句型+4种句子成分)
高考英语基本句型英语中常见的句型有以下五种：1、主语 + 谓语2、主语 + 谓语 + 宾语3、主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语4、主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语5、主语 + 谓语（系动词）+ 表语一、主谓结构I write、（我写字）You smile、（你微笑）He leaves、（他离开了）She dances、（她跳舞）The river floods、（河水泛滥）The accident happened、（那场事故发生了）某人（或事物）做某事，其中某人（或事物）是动作或行为的发起者，我们称其为主语，后面的动作或行为我们称之为谓语。
二、主谓宾结构I write a letter.You leave your home.He goes to school.She beats me.The flood destroys many houses.The accident causes 2 deaths.上述句子的共同点在于除了表示某人（或事物）做某事之外，还牵涉了另一个人（或事物），这个人（或事物）作为动作或行为的承受者，我们称其为宾语。
三、主谓+双宾结构I write you a letter.His father left him a lot of money.He bought me a new phone.She told me the truth.The government gave him a new mission.在主谓宾结构之外，上述句子又增加了一个人（或事物）作为动作的承受者，也就是又一个宾语。
也可以改写为：I wrote a letter to you.His father left a lot of money to him.He bought a new phone for me.She told the truth to me.The government gave a new mission to him.可以看到，这样调整之后句子的前半部分仍然是完整的主谓宾结构。
高中英语语法：句子的结构、成分和种类(共54张PPT)
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一、句子成分
1.主语 主语是一个句子的主题，句子所诉说的主体，一般位于句首。但 是，在there be结构、主语不是疑问词的疑问句和倒装句中，主 语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。 可用作主语的有名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、 动名词、短语或句子等。 On the first day, all students went to attend assembly.开学第一天， 所有的学生都去参加展会。（名词作主语。） Nothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it.世上无难事，只 怕有心人。（代词作主语。）
make。感官动词：feel，smell，look，taste，seem，appea与特征的词或短语。可用作定语的有形容
词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。
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一、句子成分
（2）复合谓语：由“情态动词/其他助动词+动词原形”或“系动词+表语” 构成的谓语叫复合谓语。 The weather gets warmer, and the days get longer.天气变暖了，白天变长了。 （“连系动词+表语”构成复合谓语。） He might be able to speak English.他也许能说法语。（“情态动词+动词原 形”构成复合谓语。） 3.宾语 宾语表示行为的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词或者介词之后。可以用 作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词或从句 等。 The Christian Church rejected his theory.基督教会不接受他的理论。（名词 作宾语。）
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高中英语新课程标准教材英语教案( 2019 — 2020学年度第二学期 )学校：年级：任课教师：英语教案 / 高中英语 / 高三英语教案编订：XX文讯教育机构高三英语句子成分和句子结构讲解教材简介:本教材主要用途为通过学习英语的内容，提高学生的语言技能，增加一项语言能力，有利于国际化的日常交流、生活、工作等，本教学设计资料适用于高中高三英语科目, 学习后学生能得到全面的发展和提高。
本内容是按照教材的内容进行的编写，可以放心修改调整或直接进行教学使用。
句子成分主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
the sun rises in the east. （名词） he likes dancing. （代词）twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)seeing is believing. （动名词）to see is to believe. （不定式）what he needs is a book. （主语从句）it is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （it形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
we study english. he is asleep.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
he is a teacher. （名词） seventy-four! you don’t look it. （代词）five and five is ten. （数词）he is asleep. （形容词）his father is in. （副词） the picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)my watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）to wear a flower is to say “i’m poor, i can’t buy a ring. （不定式）the question is whether they will come. （表语从句）（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉） ...it sounds a good idea. the sound sounds strange.her voice sounds sweet. tom looks thin.the food smells delicious. the food tastes good.the door remains open. now i feel tired.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾i like china. （名词）he hates you. （代词）how many do you need? we need two. （数词）we should help the old and the poor. i enjoy working with you. （动名词）i hope to see you again. （不定式） did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾are you afraid of the snake? under the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）he gave me a book yesterday. give the poor man some money.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
we elected him monitor. （名词）we all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名）we will make them happy. （形容词）we found nobody in. ( 副词 )please make yourself at home. 介词短语）don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）his father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） i’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）主补：对主语的补充。
he was elected monitor. she was found singing in the next room.he was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
ai yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） he is our friend. （代词）we belong to the third world. （数词） he was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）the man over there is my old friend.(副词) the woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)the boys playing football are in class 2. （现在分词）the trees planted last year are growing well now.（过去分词）i have an idea to do it well. （不定式）you should do everything that i do. （定语从句）状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。
表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
（以下例句按上述顺序排列）i will go there tomorrow. the meeting will be held in the meetingroom.the meat went bad because of the hot weather. he studies hard to learn english well.he didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.i like some of you very much. if you study hard, you will pass the exam.he goes to school by bike.though he is young, he can do it well.句子结构简单句的五个基本句型主语＋不及物动词 she came．/ my head aches.主语＋及物动词＋宾语 she likes english.主语＋系动词＋主语补语 she is happy．主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 she gave john a book．she bought a book for me.主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语she makes her mother angry．the teacher asked me to read the passage.（ there +be there lies a book on the desk. ）exercises分析下列句子成分1. our school is not far from my home.2. it is a great pleasure to talk withyou3. all of us considered him honest.4. my grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. he broke a piece of glass.6. he made it clear that he would leave the city．7. ---i love you more than her，child ． 8. tees turn green when spring comes.9. they pushed the door open. 10. grandma told me an interesting story last night.11. he wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12.all the students think highly of his teaching13. we need a place twice larger than this one. 14. he asked us to sing an english song.15. don't get nervous，help yourself to what you like．16.we will make our school more beautiful.17. he didn't come．that is why he didn't know．18. she showed us her many of her pictures.19. the old man lives a lonely life.20. luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.21. the cars made in japan are better than those in germany．22. there are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him．23. no matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.24. go back where you came from. 25. we must do whatever the people want us to do.26. at last he got home, tired and hungry. 27. would you please pass me the cup?28 mary handed her homework to the teacher. 29. do you know the latest news about him?30. i’ll get my hair cut tomorrow.翻译练习：主谓结构（主语＋不及物动词）1你应当努力学习。