英语阅读理解题中标题选择题的解题思路

英语阅读理解题中标题选择题的解题思路

标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。选择标题在英语阅读理解题中属主旨大意题，是深层理解题，它要求考生在通读全文的基础上，认真分析主人公的特定心态、文章大意及作者的写作意图。通常情况下，标题具有概括性、针对性、醒目性的特点。所谓概括性，就是指标题应在最大程度上覆盖全文，囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主题。针对性是对标题外延的一种界定，标题要直接指向文章的主要特点。而醒目性是为了吸引读者的注意力，唤起读者对文章阅读的兴趣。常见的命题形式有：The best title for the text would be... / What can be the best title for this text? / Which of the following can be the best title for the text? 等。以下是此类题目的基本解题思路。

一、确定最佳标题的方法

在阅读文章时，要注意文章中反复出现或强调的信息，寻找与文章大多数内容相关的信息，找出覆盖全文的核心词汇，看选项内容是否切中文章的中心论题，也就是要看选项内容与作者的写作目的是否一致。

例1：NMET 1998阅读理解Ｅ篇

70. What would be the best title for the text?

A. the joy of DIY

B. You Can Do It Yourself

C. Welcome to Our DIY Courses

D. Ross and Hatfield: Believers in DIY

首句是As prices and building costs keep rising, the “do-it-yourself”(DIY) trend in the U.S. continues to grow. 末段倒数第二句是：If you want to become a “do-it yourself”, you can go to DIY classes. 因此，我们可知该文的中心论题是“DIY trend”正在兴起．其余部分是John Ross 和Jim Hatfield两个“DIY”实例，所以“You Can Do It Too”最适合作文章的标题．

例2：NMET2004（浙江卷）D篇。

71. What would be the best title for the text?

A. Is Craft dead?

B. Craft, Back to Life?

C. History of Craftsmanship

D. Carpenters Today and Yesterday

文章的第一段是：We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people think that craft no longer exist. 这些文字给人的感觉是Craft is dead。但是作者分析后认为现代的carpenter甚至具有college degrees 和a solid knowledge of mathematics, which would enable them to deal with more difficult house designs，从而得出的结论是（文章的最后一句）：“the modern carpenter is just as able to produce craftsmanship as the carpenter of fifty years ago, but only if given proper material.”。因此A为最佳标题。同时，用疑问句作标题比较醒目。

文章的第一段引出话题“Is Craft dead？”，然后在下面的段落中分析，干扰项C、D（两个选项表达的意义也类似）可以排除。最强的干扰项是B，但是从字里行间，我们能感觉到作者认为Craft根本就没有失传过，所以谈不上“Craft, Back to Life”了。

二、寻找文章的主题句

了解文章主要论题的关键是找到全文的主题句。主题句通常在文章首段，但是也可能在文章的末段、在文章的某一段落，或者分散在文章的各个段落中。如果每个段落都有主题句，那么把各段落的主题句的中心思想集中起来，即为全文的主题句．

例3：NMET2000阅读理解Ｃ篇。

文章的第一句是Decision–thinking is not unlike thinking—it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.

首句直接表达了全文的中心论题，即“人们作出决策的思维过程”，这就是全文的主题句。而其后就有问文章主题的题目：

59．The subject in this text is . (答案为A)

A. the process of reaching decisions

B. the difference between poker and chess

C. the secret of making good business plans

D. the value of information in winning games

例4：NMET2005（浙江卷）阅读理解D篇。

文章的第一段只有两个句子：Supermarkets are trying out new computers that make shopping carts more intelligent. They will help shoppers find paper cups or toilet soap, and keep a