2020届上海14区高三英语二模汇编：完形填空

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2020上海高三英语二模汇编---完型填空

2020上海高三英语二模汇编---完形填空1.金山区If you like to take a walk in the woods in the United States or you prefer to decorate a tree at Christmas, you should know that climate change is making both of those activities a lot more 41 .Looking at two 42 and economically important species——the Douglas fir and the Ponderosa pine ——scientists found that fires and drought 43 by climate change make new growth difficult, especially in low-elevation forests, according to a study published Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.Some forests in four regions in California, Colorado, the Northern Rockies and the southwestern part of the United States have crossed “a(n) 44 climate tipping (转折) point for post-fire tree generation,” the study says.Climate conditions over the past 20 years have 45 changes that would have taken decades or even centuries to 46 across broad regions of the country. This is leading to the sudden 47 of trees and making these lands increasingly unsuitable for tree regeneration.“Climate change is 48 our forests now, not just in some distant future. Maybe in areas where there are really 49 seed sources, there could be some trees, but it is becoming really hard to get these trees back due to climate change,”said study co-author Kim Davis.The problem probably won’t get any better, as climate change is making intense wildfires much more 50 . Western foresters say there used to be a fire season. But devastating and 51 fires have become a reality all year long. In 2018, fire cost California more than $9.05 billion, according to the USA insurance commissioner, the deadliest and most destructive wildfire season in the 52 history.A higher number of fires and low seed availability means a high probability that these trees in these regions won’t come back, Davis said. This study 53 on the driest and hottest areas of the Western forests, but researchers will next try to focus on how much will be impacted.54 , there are some things people can do to ease some of this problem. Forest management plans that reduce high-severity burns can help. Increasingly, forest managers are considering allowing some fires to burn under more moderate conditions, Davis said. Forest 55can also replant trees after fire, at least in the areas where climate conditions will allow.41. A. convenient B. difficult C. encouraging D. frustrating42. A. ecologically B. apparently C. physically D. financially43. A. destroyed B. worsened C. extended D. established44. A. necessary B. enormous C. critical D. invisible45. A. accelerated B. delayed C. eliminated D. strengthened46. A. transform B. spread C. preserve D. escape47. A. extinction B. decline C. tragedy D. increase48. A. sustaining B. abandoning C. facilitating D. endangering49. A. sufficient B. limited C. moderate D. approximate50. A. occasional B. common C. essential D. temporary51. A. astonishing B. hopeless C. costly D. irreversible52. A. world B. state C. human D. forest53. A. concentrated B. depended C. insisted D. commented54. A. As a result B. For example C. In fact D. What’s more55. A. savers B. managers C. researchers D. advocates41-55: BABCA BBDAB CBACB2.黄浦区Retailers(零售商) closed more than 9,000 stores in 2019. Some people call what has happened to the shopping landscape “the retail ___41___.” It is easy to owe it to the rise of e-commerce, which has boomed while physical stores struggle. But this can be ___42___. Online sales have grown tremendously in the last 20 years, but internet shopping still represents only 11 percent of the entire retail sales total. Collectively, three major ___43___ forces have had an even bigger impact on physical retail than the internet has.To begin with, we have changed ___44___ we shop — away from smaller stores like those in malls and toward stand-alone “Big Box” stores, which is a greater problem for most physical stores.Also, rising income ___45___ has left less of the nation’s money in the hands of the middle class, and the traditional retail stores that ___46___ them have suffered. It is estimated that since 1970, the share of the nation’s income earned by families in the middle class has fallen from almost two-thirds to around 40 percent. As the ___47___ of income at the top rises, overall retail suffers simply because high-income people save a much larger share of their money. The government reports ___48___ for different income levels in the official Consumer Expenditure Survey. In the latest data, people in the top 10 percent of income ___49___ almost a third of their income after tax, while people in the middle of the income distribution spent 100 percent of their income. ___50___, as the middle class has been squeezed and more has gone to the top, it has meant higher saving rates overall.Lastly, we have spent ___51___ less of income on things and more on services with every passing decade. Since 1960, we went from spending 5 percent of our income on health to almost 18 percent. We spend more on education, entertainment, business services and all sorts of other products that aren’t ___52___ in traditional retail stores. Economists debate theories of why people have ___53___ to services and away from goods, but no one questions that it has happened. It means that over time, retailers selling ___54___ will have to run harder and harder just to stay in place.In short, the broad forces hitting retail are more a lesson in economics than in the power of ___55___. It’s a lesson all retailers will have to learn some day.41. A. business B. disaster C. investment D. strategy42. A. advanced B. confirmed C. overstated D. undervalued43. A. economic B. legal C. physical D. political44. A. how B. what C. where D. why45. A. distribution B. inequality C. level D. tax46. A. aim at B. approve of C. compete with D. stem from47. A. concentration B. influence C. security D. source48. A. education B. employment C. housing D. spending49. A. concealed B. donated C. earned D. saved50. A. Instead B. However C. Moreover D. Therefore51. A. cautiously B. intelligently C. proportionately D. prospectively52. A. available B. insufficient C. popular D. uncommon53. A. applied B. committed C. shifted D. tied54. A. ideas B. patents C. services D. things55. A. consumption B. habit C. income D. technology 41-45: BCACB46-50: AADDD51-55: CACDD3.青浦区Facial-Recognition Technology Cannot Read EmotionsDo not believe claims that facial-recognition technology can accurately identify people’s emotions, advised several scientists at the 2020 AAAS Annual Meeting in Seattle.Such claims that a photo of a face can be easily __41__ are based on a flawed theory that we smile when we are happy and scowl(沉下脸)when angry, said Professor Aleix Martinez. “There’s no way that technology will ever be able to detect __42__ that you’re experiencing following that approach,” Martinez said.Research shows that, on average, people scowl only 30% of the time that they are angry, said Lisa Feldman Barrett, professor of psychology at Northeastern University. The rest of the time, they make other faces when they are angry, she said. __43__, people may scowl for other reasons — “when they’re concentrating, when someone tells them a bad joke,” she said. “Any AI that is claiming to detect a scowl and interpreting it as anger has some real __44__.”So much goes into communicating our emotions beyond our __45__ movements. Other factors involving little use of language include our body pose, body movement and hormone responses like those that cause one’s face to go red from embarrassment or __46__, said Martinez.Martinez offered an example of the importance of having enough information. For instance, when he showed people a photo of a __47__ man with his mouth wide open and his eyes nearly closed, most thought the man was extremely angry, his research showed. Yet anyone viewing the context — that the subject was a soccer player — could __48__ that he was displaying excitement while celebrating a goal.A mistake like this may not matter much, but so-called emotion-recognition technology has a larger reach. The technology’s __49__ to incorporate facial movements could have serious, even dangerous outcomes, said Martinez. AI is sometimes used in classrooms, in the judicial(司法的) system and in hiring for jobs, he noted. Many of these systems learn from U.S. and European data __50__ by white people. Such inputs could negatively impact, for instance, the hiring of candidates of other races, Martinez said. “I think we have to take seriously the __51__ in which this AI is being used,” said Barrett.Seth Pollak, professor of psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, shared research about the __52__ of our ability to understand facial expressions and emotions. For several decades, scientists thought that infants arrived into the world with a little understanding about emotions, Pollak said. To the contrary, babies do not express __53__ emotions. They have a distress system that broadcasts whether they are OK or not. Children learn about emotions beyond good or bad, and research shows that even with incredibly brief levels of exposure to contextual information, very young children start to change how they __54__ their inferences about other people’s emotions. “Human brains are actually able to __55__ patterns and make inferences about what might be happening at a sophisticated computational level with actually very little experience.” he said.41. A. recognized B. interpreted C. noticed D. realized42. A. emotions B. experiences C. incidents D. impacts43. A. Therefore B. However C. Anyway D. Additionally44. A. outlooks B. problems C. results D. mysteries45. A. body B. brain C. facial D. gesture46. A. disappointment B. unemotionality C. excitement D. shock47. A. red-faced B. long-eyed C. round-shouldered D. short-haired48. A. propose B. ensure C. indicate D. infer49. A. failure B. capability C. fight D. initiative50. A. dominated B. calculated C. concluded D. preserved51. A. approach B. direction C. context D. contest52. A. varieties B. differences C. resources D. origins53. A. specific B. internal C. strong D. uncomfortable54. A. pick B. categorize C. express D. expect55. A. take out B. bring out C. carry out D. figure out41-55 BADBC CADBA CDABD4.松江区An artificial intelligence can accurately translate thoughts into sentences, at least for a limited vocabulary of 250 words. The system may bring us a step closer to ___41___ speech to people who have lost the ability.Joseph Makin at the University of California, San Francisco, and his colleagues used deep learning algorithms (算法) to study the brain ___42___ of four women as they spoke. The women, who all suffer from a certain kind of brain disorder, already had a device attached to their brains to monitor disease attacks.Each woman was asked to read aloud from a set of sentences as the team ___43___ brain activity. The largest group of sentences ___44___ 250 unique words. The team fed this brain activity to a network algorithm related to nerves, training it to ___45___ regularly occurring patterns that could be linked to repeated aspects of speech. These patterns were then fed to a second network, which tried to turn them into words to ___46___ a sentence.Each woman repeated the sentences at least twice, and the final repetition was not used for part of the training data, ___47___ the researchers to test the system. Each time a person speaks the same sentence, the brain activity connected will be similar but not exactly the same. “Memorizing the brain activity of these sentences wouldn’t help, ___48___ the network instead has to learn what’s similar about them so that it can generalize to this final example,” says Makin. Across the four women, the AI’s best performance was an average translation error rate of 3 per cent.Makin says that using a small number of sentences made it ___49___ for the AI to learn which words tend to follow others. For example, the AI was able to ___50___ that “Bear” was always likely to follow the word “Teddy” in a certain set of sentences, from brain activity alone.The team tried transforming the brain signal data into ___51___ words at a time, rather than whole sentences, but this ___52___ the error rate to 38 per cent even for the best performance. “So the network clearly is learning facts about which words go together, and not just which brain activity is ___53___ with which words,” says Makin.This will make it hard to scale up the system to a/an ___54___ vocabulary because each new word increases the number of possible sentences, reducing ___55___.Sophie Scott at UniversityCollege London says we are still a long way from being able to translate brain signal data comprehensively.41. A. assigning B. conveying C. restoring D. introducing42. A. systems B. signals C. signatures D. symbols43. A. illuminated B. discovered C. measured D. stopped44. A. consisted of B. adjusted to C. agreed with D. focused on45. A. simplify B. identify C. intensify D. justify46. A. understand B. form C. describe D. judge47. A. allowing B. inspiring C. instructing D. advising48. A. because B. so C. if D. but49. A. quicker B. slower C. easier D. tougher50. A. split B. reflect C. decode D. tear51. A. individual B. common C. modified D. technical52. A. increased B. decreased C. leveled D. degraded53. A. furnished B. mixed C. associated D. armed54. A. passive B. active C. limited D. expanded55. A. tendency B. currency C. accuracy D. fluency41—45 CBCAB 46—50 BABCC 51—55 AACDC5.长宁区Why do so few people find fulfillment in their work? Amy Wrzesniewski, a Yale School of Management professor who studies these issues, offered an explanation that made a lot of 41 . Students, she said, “think their calling is under a rock, and if they 42 enough rocks, they will find it.”Surveys confirm that meaning is the top thing Millennials (千禧一代) say they want from a job. And yet her research shows that less than 50% of people see their work as a calling. So, many of her students are left feeling anxious, 43, and completely unsatisfied by the good jobs and careers they do secure.What they—and many of us, I think—fail to realize is that work can be 44 even if you don’t think of it as a calling. The four most common occupations in America are retail (零售) salesperson, cashier, food preparer/server, and office clerk—jobs that aren’t typically 45 “meaning.” But all have something in common with those professions that are, such asteachersand doctors: They exist to help others. And as Adam Grant, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, has shown, people w h o s e e t h e i r w o r k a s a f o r m o f 46 always rank their jobs as more meaningful.That means you can find meaning in nearly any role in nearly any organization. 47, most companies create products or services to fill a need in the world, and all employees contribute in their own ways. The key is to become more conscious about the service you’re providing— 48 and personally.How? One strategy is to constantly remind yourself of your organization’s main 49. Life Is Good is a clothing company best known for colorful T-shirts with stick-figure designs, but its mission i s t o s p r e a d 50and hope throughout the world, and that’s something even storeroom employees understand. If youwork for an accounting firm, you’re helping people or companies with the51 task of doing their taxes. Each job serves a purpose in the world.Even if you can’t get excited about your company’s mission or customers, you can still adopt a service attitude by thinking about how your work 52 those you love. Consider a study of women working in a shoe factory in Mexico. Researchers found that those who described the work as dull were generally less productive than those who said it was 53. But the effects went away for those in the former group who saw the work (however boring) as a way to support their families. With that attitude, they were just as productive and 54as the workerswho didn’t mind the task.Not everyone finds their one true calling. But that doesn’t mean we’re fated to work meaningless jobs. If we 55 our tasks as opportunities to help others, any occupation can feel more significant.41.A.progress B. trouble C. sense D.difference42.A. carve out B. turn over C. pile up D. keep off43.A. frustrated B. shocked C. inspired D. excited44.A. meaningful B. demanding C. repetitive D. challenging45.A. distinguished from B. exposed to C.associated with D.defined as46.A. understanding B. existing C. producing D. giving47.A.In conclusion B.After all C. By comparison D. In addition48.A. as a whole B. in this way C. in public D.on average49.A. advantage B. business C.objective D.construction50.A. optimism B. information C. designs D. strategies51.A. unpleasant B. dangerous C. productive D. urgent52.A. gathers B. benefits C. worries D. entertains53.A. embarrassing B. rewarding C. rough D.temporary54.A. relaxed B. surprised C. confused D.energized55.A. assign B. abandon C. neglect D. reframe41-45 CBAAC46-50 DBACA51-55 ABBDD6.杨浦区It’s Alarming: What Wakes You up Each Morning?If your phone or clock alarm is set like this: Beep! Beep! That hard, annoying sound may make it hard to (41) ________ the sleepy feel in the morning known as grogginess（昏昏沉沉）.So, is there a better way to wake up? Yes, the answer is music. Researchers say alarms with a melody can be the solution for people in the morning.The study, carried out by researchers in Australia, (42) ________50 people. The researchers found that people who wake up to musical alarms reported feeling more awake and (43) ________.Stuart McFarlane, a lead writer of the study, said “We are very surprised by these findings as one might (44) ________a sharp beeping sound to be more successful at waking up a person.” Sleep inertia，another term for grogginess, means a person has a heavy feeling when waking up, and has trouble getting moving again after sleeping.McFarlane said people need to better understand sleep inertia's (45) ________effects on human performance later in the day. The grogginess we may feel in the morning usually lasts for up to 30minutes. But it has been reported to last from two to four hours. Not everyone will (46) ________ the full effect. But for those who do, “care should be taken” when performing duties that require a top (47) ________ within this period, he said. This includes “dangerous tasks like flying a plane and performing an operation” shortly after waking up.The researchers think the music may be more successful in (48) ________ sleep inertia because it has several tones, (49) ________ the single tone of a “beeping” alarm. The (50) ________ over time between the music tones may help increase a person’s attention when waking from sleep. But McFarlane added, “it is early days (51) ________ and more work is needed” to fully know the answer.As for what kind of music that is best to wake up to, McFarlane said: “We could suggest alarm sounds that are tuneful and easy to sing along with. However, the amount of sleep you get also (52) ________ a lot.”Dr. Stuart F. Quan, the clinical director of the Division of Sleep and Circadian Rhythm Disorders，offered some suggestions for how people can get better sleep and feel fresh each morning.First, (53) ________ regular hours. Go to bed and wake up at the same time every day with at least seven hours of sleep a night. Second, create a sleep-friendly room. It should be completely dark while sleeping. Place your bed away from windows and try to (54) _________ it is quiet and cool.Third, try not to use electronics in bed. Turn off or mute your cell phone before bed. Last but not least, be more (55) ________during the day, which can help you fall asleep more quickly and easily at night.41. A. put off B. hold out C. shake off D. show up42. A. claimed B. involved C. contained D. evaluated43. A. alert B. creative C. depressed D. annoyed44. A. review B. mention C. expect D. eliminate45. A. simple B. harmful C. positive D. evident46. A. produce B. identify C. conquer D. experience47. A. performance B. significance C. observance D. resistance48. A. overcoming B. promoting C. transferring D. activating49. A. contrary to B. compared to C. with regard to D. in relation to50. A. similarity B. flexibility C. complexity D. variation51. A. therefore B. instead C. though D. otherwise52. A. counts B. works C. affects D. exists53. A. confirm B. establish C. balance D. extend54. A. turn out B. make clear C. set out D. make sure55. A. active B. enthusiastic C. serious D. attentive41-55 CBACB DAABD CABDA7.虹口区For years, life went something like this: We’d grow up in one place, head off to college, then find a city to live in for a few years to pursue a job or higher education. The end goal was to find somewhere to __41__ for the long trip, buy a house, make a few friends,start a family, and begin the whole __42__ all over again.But a new model for living is emerging: Some people areincreasingly choosing to move from city to city throughout their entirelives, sometimes as __43__ as every month.Just ask Alex Chatzielefteriou, who has had a front-row seatwatching this evolution __44__ and believes in the huge impact it ismaking or will make on the industry concerned. Six years ago, he __45__ a startup which is now called Blueground that rents out beautifully-designed, __46__ apartments for a month at a time, at rates that are cheaper than hotels. Today, the company has 3,000 __47__ in six U.S. cities, along with Dubai, Istanbul, London, Paris, and Alex’s native Athens, and a staff of 400.The company just __48__ $50 million in Series B funding, bringing its total investment to $78 million, to continue its rapid __49__. It hopes to have 50,000 estates in 50 cities over the next three years, and the goal is to make each one feel unique and comfortable, rather than __50__, like what you might find in a traditional hotel.Alex first came up with the idea for Blueground while he was working as a management consultant for McKinsey. “The __51__ of choice for consultants is the hotel,” he says. “I had to spend five years in a hotel room, __52__ in twelve different cities. I loved seeing the world, but I didn’t love feeling like I didn’t have a home.” As he spoke to his friends and coworkers, he realized that many people buried themselves in __53__ due to this drifting lifestyle that meant living out of a suitcase in the same few non-descript hotel chains that all began to mix together rather than in the “home” full of their own memories.__54__, Alex found that hotels aren’t a particularly cost-effective solution for companies, either. __55__, McKinsey sometimes paid $10,000 or more for him to stay in a major city for a month, which was far more expensive than local rents.Is this new living model something that will really take off? Or is it just another flash in the pan? Let’s wait and see.41.A. move out B. settle down C. look around D. show up42.A. style B. rhythm C. cycle D. trend43.A. rarely B. frequently C. occasionally D. unusually44.A. unfold B. recover C. improve D. shrink45.A. completed B. involved C. launched D. overtook46.A. fully-furnished B. poorly-equipped C. ideally-suited D. newly-decorated47.A. landmarks B. vacancies C. properties D. terminals48.A. deposited B. reserved C. owed D. obtained49.A. distribution B. expansion C. combination D. stimulation50.A. casual B. special C. normal D. irregular51.A. attendance B. residence C. destination D. accommodation52.A. wandering B. touring C. observing D. exploring53.A. threat B. guilt C. danger D. frustration54.A. Moreover B. Nevertheless C. Briefly D. Consequently55.A. In a sense B. In his case C. On the scene D. On this occasion41-45:BCBAC 46-50: ACDBC 51-55: DADAB8.徐汇区The true purpose of a business, Peter Drucker said, is to create and keep customers. “Customer value” has several definitions. I use the 41to mean the total lifetime value of a company’s customer base. Companies can increase this value by 42more customers, earning more business from existing ones, keeping them longer, making their experience simpler through digital improvements and so on. 43leaders have long understood the importance of concentrating on customer value rather than pursuing short-term profits or quarterly earnings, and they’ve become enduring customer loyalty leaders in the process. It’s worth noting that a number of loyalty-leading companies are able to 44shareholder pressure, or avoid it altogether, because they are founder-led, customer-owned, or not publicly traded.Companies can 45customer value in a variety of ways: To increase 46, enterprise software companies sometimes charge corporate customers change fees that can raise the total cost of ownership to as much as three times the original price. To reduce operating costs, restaurant chains sometimes 47frozen and precooked ingredients in place of fresh and made-to-order food. The resulting profits may look good on the income statement. Such strategies may even lead to short-term earnings growth. But they also 48potential customers and encourage disloyalty.Given the importance of customer value, leaders should track it as much as they track other key assets (资产), such as buildings, machinery, and marketable securities. They also should reveal it in their quarterly and annual earnings releases so that investors can make 49judgments about company performance and how it compares with that of industry peers. But most companies 50 believe that measuring customer value is too difficult or costly. They continue to rely on a centuries-old accounting tradition that emphasizes physical and financial assets, and neither income statements nor balance sheets offer much 51into the value of a company’s customers.As investors wake up to the importance of customer value, however, many growth-stage companies now direct investors’ attention to 52in growing the value of their customer base. Some public companies increasingly report various types of customer value metrics (指标). One of the UK’s top energy suppliers E.ON, 53, reports year-over-year customer counts in its financial report. “As a customer-focused company,” E.ON noted, “we see customer value as crucial to our success.”This is a start, but because there are no customer-value reporting standards or requirements, investors still have a(n) 54picture. The minority of companies that do provide customer value information decide for themselves what to disclose. 55, firms may calculate customer metrics differently or change them to tell a desired story, or simply stop reporting them if they fail to go with the company’s preferred narrative.41. A. item B. version C. term D. definition42. A. persuading B. consulting C. acquiring D. inspecting43. A. Considerate B. Visionary C. Determined D. Powerful44. A. resist B. relieve C. intensify D. maintain45. A. raise B. adopt C. calculate D. destroy46. A. income B. experience C. productivity D. demand47. A. separate B. substitute C. forbid D. combine48. A. appeal to B. rely on C. put down D. scare off49. A. informed B. subjective C. definitive D. independent50. A. fully B. hardly C. readily D. wrongly51. A. suspicion B. extension C. literacy D. visibility52. A. sacrifice B. success C. prejudice D. expense53. A. as a result B. for example C. on the contrary D. in general54. A. incomplete B. depressing C. convincing D. vivid55. A. Instead B. Further C. Otherwise D. Therefore41-55 CCBAD ABDAD DBBAB9.崇明High school students who take music courses score significantly better on math, science and English exams than their non-musical peers, according to a new study published in the Journal of Educational Psychology.School administrators needing to cut budgets often look first to music courses, because the general belief is that students who devote time to music rather than math, science and English, will 41 in those disciplines.“Our research proved this belief 42 and found the more the students engage with music, the better they do in those subjects,” said UBC (University of British Columbia) education professor and the study’s principal investigator, Peter Gouzouasis. “The students who learned to play a musical instrument in elementary and 43 playing in high school not only score significantly higher, but were about one academic year ahead of their non-music peers with regard to their English, mathematics and science skills, as measured by their exam grades, 44 their socioeconomic background, race, previous learning in mathematics and English, and gender.”Gouzouasis and his team 45 data from all students in public schools in British Columbia who finished Grade 12 between 2012 and 2015. The data 46 , made up of more than 112,000 students, included those who completed at least one standardized exam for math, science and English. Students who studied at least one instrumental music course in the regular curriculum counted as students 47 music.The researchers found the 48 relationships between music education and academic achievement were more pronounced for those who took instrumental music rather than vocal (发声的) music. The findings suggest skills learned in instrumental music 49 very broadly to the students’ learning in school.“Learning to play a musical instrument and playing in a band is very 50 ,” said the study’s co-investigator Martin Guhn, an assistant professor in UBC’s school of population and public health. “A student has to learn to read musical notes, develop eye-hand-mind coordination (协调), develop keen listening skills, develop 51 skills for playing in a band and develop discipline to practice. All those learning experiences, and more, play a role in 52 the learner’s cognitive capacities (认知能力), executive functions, and motivation to learn in school.”The researchers hope that their findings will be brought to the 53 of students, parents, teachers and administrative decision-makers in education, as many school districts over the years have emphasized mathematics and literacy 54 other areas of learning, particularly music. “However, the amusing aspect is that 55 education can be the very thing that improves all-around academic。

2020届英语高三二模试卷word版及答案

高三英语模拟试卷（二）英语试卷第I卷（选择题，共95分）第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. —I’d like to take a holiday in August, Mr. Yang.— ___________ We'll be busy then. You'll have to make it another time.A. It's up to you.B. It's out of the question.C. It doesn't matter.D. By all means.2. My computer ___________ start this morning. There must have been something wrong with it.A. shouldn'tB. wouldn'tC. needn'tD. mustn't3. The professor could tell by the _______________ look in Maria's eyes that she didn't understand asingle word of his lecture.A. coldB. emptyC. innocent D・ blank4. It is by no means clear __________ the local government will do with the buildings of poor quality.A. whatB. howC. whetherD. which5. Alice spent an afternoon helping her grandfather to ____________ the stamps which he had collectedfor years.A. make outB. watch outC. sort outD. put out6. Delete the short message at once! Many a man ____________ by such tricks up to now.A. are cheatedB is cheated' C. have been cheatedD. has been cheated7. There is a belief that the robots will take the place of human beings one day.—_______ After all, they don't have their own thinking.A. Don't mention it.B. It depends.C. I don't think so.D. I have no idea.8. The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, ___________ air conditioning unnecessary.A. madeB. to makeC. being madeD. making9. Most passengers like sitting in the front of a bus to have a better view. What's more, they believe it's lesslikely that _____________________ will happen.A. car-accidentB. car-sicknessC. car-troubleD. car-crash10. Much disappointed as he is _________ in the job interview, he still keeps his confidence.A. to have failedB. to failC. having failedD. failing11 .---What do you think of the jacket and the hat I wear today?—I don't think this jacket _________ you and that your hat ________ this jacket perfectly.A. suits; fitsB. meets; fitsC. matches; suitsD. fits; matches12. 5G has faster data transmission, lower delay and stronger mobility ______________ the conventional4G.A. in charge ofB. in defense ofC. in contrast toD. in proportion to .13. Although he did not do it ________ , he definitely had some responsibility.A. instantlyB. deliberatelyC. accidentallyD. casually14. Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion __________ he wants their support.A. sinceB. onceC. unlessD. after15. We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. when第二节:完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16-35题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

2020届上海市高三英语二模汇编--语法填空

2020届上海市高三英语二模汇编--语法填空2020届高三英语二模汇编——语法填空1、2020黄浦二模Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Lego wants your old Legos backIf you have a box of old Lego bricks sitting unused in a garage, Lego now wants them back. In a new program, consumers in the U.S. can dump old bricks in a box, print a free shipping label, and send them off to Give Back Box, a social enterprise (21) __________ will clean the toys and repackage them for Teach for America and the Boys and Girls Club of Boston.“The classic Lego brick is made from a tough material (22) __________ (call) ABS, and the toys can be played with for decades without breaking. It’s already fairly common, of course, that Legos (23) __________ (hand) down from on e child to another.” says Tim Brooks, vice president of corporate responsibility at Lego Group.The company looked for a partner that could process the used toys while (24) __________ (maintain) Lego’s standard of quality. “We want to make sure that all ki ds are getting a great experience,” he says. “You shouldn’t get a really inferior experience (25) __________ the bricks are donated.” If the program goes well, Brooks says, it (26) __________ expand.He sees it (27) __________ one version of the circular economy, a system of keeping materials in use – and argues that the toysthemselves illustrate the idea of the circular economy. “You can build a rocket and then you can take (28) __________ apart and build a ship, or a car, or a house, or (29) __________ y ou like,” Brooks says. As toys are reused, that’s another circular system. “We intend (30) __________ (show) that great quality toys like Lego can be used in lots of repeating circles –used, reused, donated, used, reused, donated.”【答案】21. that / which22. called23. are handed24. maintaining25. although / because26. may / might27. as28. it / that29. whatever30. to show【难度】中等2、2020普陀二模3、2020徐汇二模Discovering a Lost BrotherKieron Graham always knew he had an elder brother named Vincent. His adoption papers, (21) _______ (sign) when he was three months old, listed a brother named Vincent but no last name. Though Kieron spent years thinking about Vincent, he could never track him down.That changed in December 2017, when Kieron’s adoptive parents gave him an DNA test as a Christmas gift. When his results came back, he was surprised (22) _______ (find) he had a lot of DNA matches for relatives who had also taken the test. Most were distant connections, but one match was so strong that it (23) _______ (label) “close family.” His name was Vincent Ghant. Kieron looked for him on Facebook and soon made a possible connection.When they connected, it was (24) _______ _______ they had known each other their whole lives. As they talked, the brothers realized they lived about 20 minutes from each other. (25)_______(surprisingly), they attended the same university and majored and minored in the same subjects.Vincent was nine when Kieron was born and remembers caring for his baby brother. But times were tough,and Shawn, who worked 15-plus hours a day as a nurse, decided that (26) _______(place) Kieron for adoption would give him the best chance to succeed.“She was very emotional about that time, to the point (27) _______ it was hard for her to put into words anything about what happened,” Vincent says.Now the brothers had the chance to make up for lost time. They decided to meet at a local tea shop that week. One of Vincent’s concerns was that Kieron (28) _______ hate his birth family for placing him for adoption. He was relieved Kieron didn’t, and (29) _______ he’d grown up in a loving family. After that first meeting, the brothers played football together and celebrated Christmas with their families. “We’ll keep growing our relationship (30) _______ it’s time to leave this planet,” says Vincent. That shouldn’t be hard. As Kieron says, “We’ve got years and years to catch up on.”【答案】21. signed 22.to find 23. was labeled/labelled24. as if/though 25. More surprisingly26. placing27. where28. might29. that30. until/till【难度】中等4、2020杨浦二模A Taste of War—Foods That Were Created During WarThe saying “an army marches on its stomach” tells the importance of giving soldiers tasty, nutritious foods. In some cases, foods that (21) ________ (create) for soldiers or during times of war became popular in homes as well.Today, Fanta is a famous soda, but its beginnings were humble. The soft drink was invented in Germany to take the place of Coca Cola. When World War II began, the Coca-Cola Company’s German branch (22) ________ no longer receive the syrup（糖浆）used to produce the soft drink from the United States. Thus, it created a new drink to satisfy the market and called it Fanta, short for “fantastic” (23) ________German.The beginnings of war-time foods in Asia are interesting, too.(24) ________ curry（咖喱）had already existed in India, it was introduced into Japan via Britain for the purpose of restoring sailors’ health. As the story goes, the Japanese navy initially promised unlimited amounts of white rice, (25) ________ was considered a high-status food in Japan, as a way to attract newcomers. The problem was that white rice lacked the vital vitamin B1, and thousands of sailors fell ill after eating rice alone.(26) ________ (observe) the British navy’s standard meal of curry, which contained vitamin B1-rich meat and flour, the Japanese navy began to serve its sailors the same. The curry was so tasty that it soon (27) ________ (spread) across Japan.The Korean War gave birth to budae jigae, or “army stew” in Korean. It was first made in US military bases near Seoul, using (28) ________ ingredients were available, since food was scarce. The tasty stew typically (29) ________ (consist) of some kind of precooked meat such as ham, American cheese and instant noodles soon caught on.Many foods were invented at times of conflict to keep soldiers healthy. Fortunately, some of those foods still exist to keep (30) ________ happy and satisfied.【答案】21. had been created/were created 22. could 23. in 24. Although/Though/While 25. which 26. Observing/ Havingobserved 27. spread/was spread 28. what(ever) 29. consisting 30. everyone/us 【难度】中等5、2020崇明二模Sneakers (运动鞋) Made from Old Chewing GumDutch fashion and shoe label Explicit Wear is hoping to solve one of life’s sticky situations—the annoyance of stepping in waste chewing gum on the pavement—while helping to keep Amsterdam’s city streets clean. The brand has partnered with local marketing organization Iamsterdam and sustainability firm Gumdrop (21)_____ (create) a limited edition sneaker for adults made from recycled gum collected from the city’s pavements.Chewing gum causes an incredibly serious ecological problem, (22)_____ it is made from plastics that do not biodegrade (生物降解). It’s also the second (23)_____ (common) form of roadside litter, aft er cigarette ends.An incredible 3.3 million pounds of gum are incorrectly thrown away on the sidewalks each year, (24)_____ (cost) the city millions of dollars to clean up. Gumdrop plans to collect waste gum from the streets of Amsterdam, clean them, and turn them into Gum-Tec, the material that forms the base of the shoe.The waste gum will be put to good use to make stylish kicks,(25)_____ will also raise awareness for the anti-littering cause.(26)_____ (price) at around $332, the shoes will come into the market sometime next month.Available for preorder now, the new Gumshoe sneakers—offered in both a bubblegum pink and a black/red colorway—(27)_____ (feature) long-lasting rubber outsoles(鞋子外底) shaped from recyclable compounds produced by Gumdrop, 20 percent of which are made from gum.Nearly 2.2 pounds of gum (28)_____ (use) in every four pairsof shoes. A map of Amsterdam is made into the bottom of the soles to remind people of the littering problem. Even better, the sneakers actually still smell like bubblegum, (29)_____ the annoying stickiness. Just as good as any sneaker with a rubber sole, the Gumshoes help get chewing gum off our streets and keep the dangerously non-biodegradable substance out of our eco-system.To help spread their sustainabilit y message, (30)_____ Gumshoe’s creators are hoping to do is to expand their project to other major cities around the world.【答案】21. to create 22. because / as / since23. most common / commonest24. costing25. which26. Priced27. feature28. is used29. without30. what【难度】中等6、2020长宁二模The family who eats togetherWhat’s the price of a family meal? For many families in the world’s wealthiest countries, the answer seems to be, ‘too much’. For instance, in the United States, (21) ______ is often a trendsetter in such things, the majority of families report eating a single meal together fewer than five days a week.In fact, the frequency of shared meals (22) ______ (decrease) in American families by 33 per cent over the last twenty years. The meals (23) ______ have shortened too: from an average of 90 minutes to just 12 minutes.So perhaps we’re better off asking ourselves (24) ______ the cost of not eating together is. Once again, we could turn to the figures. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development has found that 15-year-olds who reported not regularly (25) ______ (share) family meals were twice as likely tobe absent from school. In Europe, research has suggested that children who don’t eat dinner with their parents at least twice a week face a 40 per cent higher risk of fatness. Another study, (26) ______ (conduct) by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (滥用) at Columbia University, found that kids who eat dinner with their parents five or more times a week are (27) ______ (likely) to have problems with drugs and alcohol.But those numbers, impressive (28) ______ they seem, may be beside the point. After all, having a meal together is more than just a preventive measure (29) ______ future misfortune. The primary cost of the family meal is also the very thing that makes it important: time.The time spent together over food leads to all the positive outcomes that are measured in the studies. That time spent together has less noticeable—but no less real—effects too. So often, (30) ______ is at the family meal that the family as such—the family as an organic unit with shared memories and feelings and ambitions—is made.【答案】21. which22. has decreased23. themselves24. what25. sharing26. conducted27. less likely28. as / though29. against30. it【难度】偏难7、2020松江二模After graduation, Susan was asked to become the executive director of the Floating Hospital. She hesitated at first, as it was a demanding job and she wondered whether she could handle it. But on second thoughts, she agreed to take the job. (21) _______ this job turned out rewarding, she soon got tired of it. (22) _______ (seat) at her desk one day, she wanted to go down to the New School for Social Research all of a sudden. Since she always believed instinct was an advantage she (23) _______ trust, shedecided to have a go.Without any plan,she titled the course ‘Feel the Fear and Do It Anyway’. Susan was nervous as she faced the first session of the twelve-week course. The two hours went on smoothly, but she then (24) _______ (challeng e) with a new fear, for she didn’t know what to present the next week. But surprisingly, every week she found she had more to say. Her confidence level growing, she realized she had equipped (25) _______ so much over the years about getting over fear and her students were drinking it up. At the end of the course, they were amazed at (26) _______ shifting their thinking really changed their lives.Susan eventually decided to write a book based on the course she had taught. She faced many obstacles. And after (27) _______ (reject) by four agents and various publishers, she unwillingly put the proposal in a drawer.One day after three years of writing, she went through the drawer (28) _______ she held her much-rejected book proposal. Picking it up, she had a sharp sense that she held something in her hands many people needed to read. She set out with much determination, therefore, (29) _______ (find) a publisher who believed in her book the same way she did. This time, she succeeded. She succeeded beyond her wildest dreams.She was so happy that she followed her heart and never gave up overcoming fears which stood (30) _______ her way.【答案】21. While / Though / Although 22. Seated 23. could / should 24. was challenged 25. herself26. how 27. being rejected 28. where 29. to find 30. in【难度】中等8、2020宝山二模As entrepreneurs (创业者), we had a vision, we realized it, andnow we (21) _____ (run) our own companies. But the dream can damage our "work-life balance."When the success of the company rests on your shoulders, you've always got an excuse to put (22) _____ else on hold.What I've learned (23) _____ (face) the demands of a start-up company and a young family over the past couple of decades is that sometimes the best way to solve the work-life balance problem is to think small. Make a handful of lifestyle corrections (24) _____, individually, may not sound all that exciting, but taken together, can prevent you from getting too tired.Here's my list of life hacks that will help prevent exhaustion:●Work from home one day a weekFew things give you a more grounded, in-control feeling than getting things done in your own space and at your own pace. Instead of leaving the office (25) _____ (clear) my head over a Starbucks coffee, I can fold the laundry, and cut back on evening housework.Not to mention, working in pajamas is one of life's (26) _____(underestimate) pleasures.●Pencil in time for exerciseIt really bothered me (27) _____ with the demands of company and family, my tennis game was going down the drain. That may sound unimportant, but it wasn't to me, (28) _____ it was a meaningful part of my life outside of work.To get some balance back in my life, I rearranged my schedule. Two mornings a week, I woke up an hour (29) _____ (early) to work out with a tennis coach. If sports aren't your thing, try yoga or that hobby that you always loved but let go of after starting your business.●Learn something new, outside the officeIt can be draining to always be the person who's supposedto have the answers as a business leader. It'ssurprisingly liberating to be on the other side, (30) _____ (absorb) knowledge without the pressure to perform or to always be right.【答案】21. are running22.everything/anything 23.facing 24.that/which 25.to clear26.underestimated27.that 28.because/as/since 29.earlier 30.absorbing【难度】中等9、2020奉贤二模Plants Scream in the Face of StressFor the first time, researchers appear to have evidence that like animals, those plants deprived of water or (21) ______(force) to endure bodily harm can let out their pain. The study, (22) ______ has yet to be published in a scientific Journal, adds another dimension to scientists (23) ______ (grow) understanding of how plants detect and interact with their surroundings.In recent years, it has become very clear that plants are more sensitive than researchers (24) ______ (think). They respond when touched by insects and turn toward sources of light. “Plants are not just robotic stimulus-response devices,” said Frantisek Baluska of the University of Bonn in Germany. “They’re living organisms which have their own problems.”Actually making their suffering hearable, however, is another matter entirely. (25) ______ (test) that possibility, a team led by Itzhak Khait, a plant scientist at Tel Aviv University in Israel, placed microphones capable of detecting ultrasonic frequencies (超声波频率) four inches from tomato and tobacco plants. The researcher then either stopped watering them or cut their stems.Measuring in the range of 20 to 150 kilohertz (千赫), theresearchers found that even happy, healthy plants made the occasional noise. But when cut, tobacco plants emitted (26) ______ average of 15 sounds within an hour of being cut, (27) ______ tomato plants produced 25 sounds.(28) ______ researchers aren't yet sure how plants produce these sounds, Khait and his colleagues proposed one possibility in their paper (29) ______ as water travels through the plants' tubes, air bubbles will form and explode, producing small vibrations.All this “screaming” caused by stress wasn’t in a ra nge detectable by human ears. But organisms that can hear ultrasonic frequencies--like mice, bats or perhaps other plants--(30) ______ possibly hear the plants cries from as far away as 15 feet.【答案】21.forced22. which 23. growing24. thought25. To test26.an 27. while28. Although/While/Though29. that30. could/can【难度】中等10、2020闵行二模A Brief History of Chopsticks.We’ve discussed the story of knife and fork, but there’s another set of utensils (器皿) used by billions of people around the world—and it has a truly ancient past. The Chinese have been using chopsticks since at least 1200 B.C., and by A.D. 500 the chopsticks ____21____ (sweep) the Asian continent from Vietnam to Japan. From their humble beginnings ____22____ cooking utensils to paper-wrapped bamboo sets at the sushi counter, there’s more to chopsticks than meets the eye.Chopsticks ____23____ (develop) about 5000 years ago in China. The ____24____ (early) versions were probably twigs usedto get food from cooking pots. When resources became scare, around 400 BC, crafty chefs figured out ____25____ to conserve fuel by cutting food into smaller pieces so it would cook more quickly. This new method of cooking made it unnecessary to have knives at the dinner table—a practice that also matched the non-violent teachings of Confucius(孔子), ____26____ expressed in one of his numerous quotations: “the honorable and upright man keeps well away from both the slaughterhouse(屠宰房) and the kitchen. And heallows no knives on his table.” As a vegetarian, Confucius believ ed that knives’ sharp points evoked (诱发) violence ____27____ (kill) the happy, contented mood that eaters should be in during meals. Thanks in part to his teachings, chopstick use quickly became widespread throughout Asia.Different cultures adopted different chopstick styles. Perhaps in a nod to Confucius, Chinese chopsticks featured a blunt rather than pointed end. In Japan, chopsticks were 8 inches long for men and 7 inches long for women. In 1878 the Japanese became the first ____28____ (create) the disposable set, typically made of bamboo or wood. Wealthy diners could eat with ivory, jade, coral or brass versions, while the most privileged used silver sets. It was believed that the silver would turn black ____29____ it came into contact with poisoned food.Throughout history, chopsticks have enjoyed a symbiotic relationship with another basic food of Asian cuisine: rice. At first glance, you’d think that rice wouldn’t make the cut, but in Asia most rice is of the short- or medium-grain variety. The starches (淀粉质食品) in these rices create a cooked product that is sticky and clumpy, unlike the fluffy and distinct grains of Western long-grain rice. ____30____ chopsticks come together to lift steamingbundles of sticky rice, it’s a match made in heaven.【答案】21. had swept22. as23. were developed 24. earliest25. how26. as27. killing28. to create29. if / when30. As/ Because/ Since【难度】中等偏难11、2020浦东二模Green Spring Renews Life’s PromiseFor me, two of the loveliest words in the English language are “Life persists”. I came across them years ago asa college freshman, sitting in the library on a beautiful spring day, bored, working on a history paper. I don’t recall(21)________ I was researching into. Out of nowhere, those two words came (22)________ (dance) off the page ina quote by Gandhi: “In the midst of death life persists, in the midst of untruth truth persists, in the midst of darkness light persists.”After those words (23)________ (read) again a dozen times, suddenly I was no longer bored. Outside in the sunshine, I kicked off my shoes and danced barefoot across a spring-green lawn.I love spring. And this year, I was especially hungry to see it. Flying home last weekend to Las Vegas, after 10 days in California, I looked down on Mils that were so green that I (24)________ almost taste them. When I approached Vegas, the green turned a dull desert brown. We landed after sunset, and the only green to be seen was neon (霓霓霓).But the next morning, to my surprise, I (25)________ (awake) to find signs of spring all over my yard.(26)________my absence, all sorts of things had leafed and bloomed. Three days later, I drove to Arizona to visit a friend andget yet another taste of spring seeing the Giants play the A’s in spring training. The drive across the desert was completely great, a variety of wildflowers and blooming cactuses.Sometimes we need the chance (27)________ (remind) that we’re still alive. After my husband died, a friend sent me a card which read: “Just (28)________ you think you will never smile a gain, life comes back.”Life persists, and so do (29)________, in the green of spring and the dead of winter; in the birth of a child and the passing ofa loved one; in the words we leave behind and the hearts of those(30)________ will remember us. Spring reminds us that we’re alive forever.【答案】21. what22. dancing 23. were read24. could25. awoke/was awoken26. In/During27. to be reminded28. when/as29. we30. who【难度】中等12、2020静安二模13、2020青浦二模Luxembourg makes all public transport freeOne square meter Luxembourg makes all public transport free. With a population of 602,000, Luxembourg is one of Europe’s (21) ______ (small) countries — yet it suffers from major traffic jams. But that could be about to change. As of March 1, 2020 all public transport —trains, trams and buses —in the country is now free. The government hopes the move (22) ______ (ease) heavy crowding and bring environmental benefits.Tiny country, big traffic(23) ______ (landlock) Luxembourg which is surrounded by three countries is one of the richest countries in Europe. (24) ______ (take) up 2,586 square kilometers, Luxembourg is roughlythe size of Rhode Island. From the capital of Luxembourg City, Belgium, France and Germany (25) ______ all be reached by car in half an hour.High housing costs, especially in Luxembourg City, mean more than 180,000 of the country’s workforce make regular journeys from those neighboring countries every day. Luxembourg is a very attractive place for jobs. But (26) ______“booming economy” and high concentratio n of jobs have led to crowding issues.In 2016, Luxembourg had 662 cars per 1,000 people, and driving is a “primary means of transportation” for people. That year, drivers in Luxembourg City spent an average of 33 hours in traffic jams. It fared worse than European cities Copenhagen and Helsinki, (27) ______ have comparable population sizes to all of Luxembourg — yet drivers in both only spent an average of 24 hours in traffic. Park and rides around Luxembourg’s borders in the three neighboring countries, however, will encourage commuters to use free mass transit.Free transport for allLuxembourg’s public transport system covers the whole country and costs $562 million per year to ru n. The government is putting up the cost of it free so that the people can benefit from the good economy.People still hold the concern (28) ______making transport free may unintentionally prevent people who would normally walk or cycle in urban areas. (29) ____________ walking 500 meters, people see a bus coming and they say, “We can get on and travel 500 meters (30) ______it’s free”. However, the new scheme can signal important changes ahead when it comes to Luxembourg’s reliance on driving.The govern ment might say, “It’s important that you throw away your car, and look, we m ade public transport free” —and maybe this is helpful given the enormous cultural shift we need.”【答案】21. smallest 22. will ease 23. Landlocked 24. Taking25. can26. its 27. which 28. that 29. Instead of30. because/as/since【难度】中等14、2020虹口二模How Can Y ou Look Your Best in Photos?Have you ever seen a picture of yourself and felt embarrassed by what you saw? Actually, it’s really all (21) ______ (tie) to how we respond to the camera. With the following tips, you’re sure to look your best. No. 1 Study Photo s of Yourself The first step is simple: learn from the past. You need to know how you look in photos before you can improve. Gather some old pictures together, (22) ______ ______ they make you ashamed a little. Now look over how your body is placed in the pictures and think for a while. (23) ______ (analyze) all these old photos, you can find a few natural poses you can use in the future.No. 2 Practice in Front of a MirrorNow that what works for you in photos (24) ______ (figure) out, start using what you’ve learned from your old pictures, practicing in front of the mirror. Work on your favorites and you’ll be able to mentally pick out a pose in the future – (25) ______ a mirror.One thing that goes great with a nice pose is a matching smile, so try out several smiles until you find one that fits. You should consider (26) ______ a closed or an open-mouthed smile looks better.No. 3 Say “Money”We’re used to saying “Cheese,” but this only creates a fake smile. Abandon the cheese and try out the word “Money” instead. The ending ‘ey’ is the very sound (27) ______ forces the corners of your mouth upward and creates a fold around your eyes. The result is a more natural, realistic smile. Another great trick to prevent a too-wide smile (28) ______ (happen) is placing your tongue on the back of your front teeth. No. 4 Choose the Right LightingGetting some sunny photos on a bright day makes you look good in pictures. But in reality, the sun can often create unpleasant shadows that are (29) ______ but attractive.Standing right under an indoor light will have the same effect as the sun, which is also worthy (30) ______ (mention), so try a source of natural light instead, such as a window.And if you know any other tips, share them with us!【答案】21. tied 22. even if / even though 23. Having analyzed 24. has been figured25. without 26. whether 27. that 28. happening 29. anything 30. to be mentioned【难度】中等偏难15、2020嘉定二模Long-term low self-esteem can cause depressionLow self-esteem makes us feel bad about ourselves. But did you know that over time it also can cause the development of serious mental conditions such as depression?Self-esteem is, very simply, the set of feelings you have about yourself. It’s developed by your experiences, thoughts, feelings, and relationships. (21) __________self-knowledge, which refers to how much you know about yourself, self-esteem is formed around whether you like yourself or not.Depression is much morethan just feeling sad. It drains your energy and makes everyday activities difficult.Doctors use low self-esteem as one possible symptom (22) __________they diagnose the mental condition of major depressive disorder. They don’t necessarily care (23) __________low self-esteem causes the depression or vice versa. However, personality researchers have long wondered about the chicken-and-egg problem of self-esteem and depression. Certainly, if you dislike yourself, you’ll be more likely (24) __________(depress). On the other hand, if you’re depressed, you’ll be more likely to feel bad about yourself. The only way that (25) __________(employ) to explore the highly related concepts of self-esteem and depression is through continuous research, (26) ____________________people are followed up over time.A study on depression, conducted by University of Basel researchers Julia Sowislo and Ulrich Orth, (27) __________(contrast) the competing directions of self-esteem to depression vs depression to self-esteem. The findings have revealed that over time low self-esteem is a risk factor for depression, regardless of who is tested and how. The study indicates that low self-esteem causes depression (28) __________not vice versa.Therefore, if a person has low self-esteem, there’s a (29) __________(great) risk of developing depression. This is a very important discovery because it shows that (30) __________(improve) a person’s self-esteem can make him or her feel better.【答案】21. Unlike22. when 23. whether 24. to be depressed25. is employed26. in which 27. contrasted 28. but 29. greater 30. improving【难度】中等偏难。

2020-2021学年上海高三英语二模汇编--完型填空信息汇总

2020--2021 学年高三英语二模完型填空信息汇编➢ 从题材角度：区县徐汇二模黄浦二模松江二模普陀二模杨浦二模嘉定二模长宁二模奉贤二模静安二模青浦二模宝山二模金山二模闵行二模崇明二模浦东二模虹口二模完型话题说明文——生态与保护问题，黑熊家族中一个濒临灭绝的群体议论文— —可再生能源说明文— —过高评价和过高回报说明文— —饮水的益处说明文— —长尾猕猴是有名的小偷议论文— —为什么表演比表面上看起来要重要得多议论文——茶和啤酒是否带来了工业化说明文——世界产生固体废物说明文——消费者利用应用程序对比价格议论文——提高退休年龄的计划说明文——恐惧是一种自然而有价值的情感说明文— —气候变化问题说明文— —人老的时候会发生很多事情议论文——哺乳动物种类说明文——女孩的阅读和写作能力说明文——自来水是否饮用安全完型选项高频词汇：动词persuading；remembering；expecting；preparing；instruct；challenge；stimulate； dominate； describe； emerge；protect；supervise；overlook；simplify；remark；handle；compose； develop； predict；symbolize；survived；shrank；escaped；returned； faded； restored； improved； expanded;enlarged;stressed;impressed;dominated;grow;digest;withdraw;adapt; altering;lengthening;obeying;upsetting; minimizing;maintaining;stimulating;deserting; modifying; wrecking;dumping;restoring;insuring; substituting; concealing;preserving;managing;failing ;competing; skipping;recommend;caution;justify;urge;questioned;produced;tested;1 / 25advertised;starting;failing;emerging;continuing; forbade; reminded; allowed;instructed;existed;flashed;boomed;shrinking;distributing;stabilizing;last; transfer;collapse;tempt;exploiting;following;deserting;entitling;transferred; ranged;processed;extended;criticized; issued;welcomed; underlined;cornered;messed;overlooked;refunded;criticized; publicized;exploited;executed;pursue;neglect;question;compare;assist;prohibit;monitor;expose; lack;obtain;imitate;abandon; confirmed;represented;questioned;introduced;underestimated;overemphasized;underrepresented ; justified;increasing;promoting;accepting;reducing;granted;measured;designed;engineered; overtake;discourage;parallel;distinguish;satisfied;comforted; improved;challenged;burn;carry;change;remove;required;forced;ruled;allowed;arouses;resolve; introduce;reverse;enhance; lessen;rewards;relaxes;confuses;weakens;eliminate;acknowledge; emphasize;conceal;prohibit;sacrifice;separate;reveals; guarantees名词abstract ； existence；absence；continuation； pressure；ignorance；anxiety；depression； commitment；evidence；assessment；process；strategies；behaviors；response；examples； link; weight；speed； size； appetite；production；appearance；exploration cruelty;contact;adaptation;distinction;species; hope; rule; threat;sponsors; creators; consumers; designers; accessibility;productivity;affordability;durability;cases;patterns;models;modes;motivations;focu ses;conditions;proportions;supervisor; secretary;authority;physician;scenes; brands;data;prints;requirements;suggestions;permissions;approvals;license;application;promotio n;resources;revolutions;prospects; priorities; mixture; conflict; approval; significance; invention; happiness; progress;interaction;modernization; transformation;influence;optimism;estimation;extension;industry;culture;product;route;;oppone nts;manufacturers;delegates;immigrants;employment;fashion;politics;economy;shift;knowledge ;rise;success;posters;innovations;names;donations;assessment; commitment;argument;attachment;predictors;features;cases;forces;changes;profits; mistakes;differences;food;store;supply; content; accounts;activities;production;inspirations; motivations;destinations;functions;manufacturers;investors;customers;administrators; heat;wind;water;power;reviews;locations;rehearsals;similarities;greed;reputation;priority;devoti on;attention;deposit;honor;extra;disorder; gap;split;deadline;suspicion;effort;panic; guilt;habits;friends;tasks;ideas;problem;obstacle;struggle;behaviour;skills;reputations;interactio ns;positions; intelligence;relationships;popularity;performances;patterns;importance;meanings;development;i nstinct;disadvantage;feature;belief;responsibility;aggression;reliability;advancement;distinction; exception;objection;limitation;pattern;standard;circumstance;feature;strategy;signal; sign;evidence;objectives;drills;difficulties;advantages;conduction;delivery;combination;transfor mation;concerns; events;designer; inventor;bottler; explorer;career;agenda;aim;access; admission;pursuit;debt;dependence;strengths;practices;uncertainty;shock;security;justice;approa ches;firmness;hedgehogs;forecasters;coincidence;suspension;logic;observation2 / 25形容词jealous；painful；innocent；conscious；potential；essential；available；sustainable；;effective；objective；invisible；significant；smart；massive； marine；ancient; recorded;contemporary;evolutionary;instructive;fashionable;different;marvelous;forgivable;accountable;tolerable;remarkable;sustainable;compulsory;economic;educational;profitable;emotional;predict able; reputational;endless;appealing;alarming;meaningless;expansive; expensive;aggressive;extensive;contrary; similar;relative; parallel;real;minor;uncertain;open;unbelievable;inevitable;unaffordable;relevant;inferior;synthet ic;experimental;natural;positive;original;sustainable;traditional;industrial; much;little;big;decent;additional;valid;limited;opposite;accustomed;second;domestic;physical; imaginary;parallel;superior;compulsory;routine;rewarding; exclusive; alternative;renewed;seasonal;accessible;multiple;loyal;concrete;physical;intellectual;emotional; functional;established; respective;experienced;thoughtful;easy-going; warm-hearted; self-relying; one-sided ;delighted; amused; relived;puzzled; unknown; positive;insecure; senseless;innovative;feminine; challenging;fictional;literacy; literary; academic; cognitive; psychological;emotional;behavioral;mental;unique;targeted;united;rapid;balanced;constant;cons iderable;worthwhile;considerate; fair;timid; reasonable; decisive; mature; circular; scarce; principal; peculiar;progressive; task-based;self-centered;market-driven;man-made;副词purposefully；vigorously；sincerely；passionately；naturally；probably；highly；initially； absolutely；predictably；exclusively； potentially;Moreover;Otherwise;Meanwhile;Rather;Therefore;Somehow;Yet; partly;barely; precisely;exclusively; respectively;dramatically;evenly;thoroughly; necessarily;essentially;accordingly;economically;independently;equivalently;permanently;funda mentally;sensibly;frequently;miserably;barely;deliberately; slightly;Besides;Anyway; considerably;skillfully;economically;occasionally;genuinely;generously;particularly;finally;Lik ewise;Overall;seemingly;exceptionally;incidentally; falsely;though;while;because;relatively;terribly;gradually;sadly; uniformly;widely;extensively;intensively;physically;psychologically;politically; professionally;readily;fortunately;definitely;probably;cautiously;originally;fundamentally; disappointingly;meanwhile;thus;temporarily;doubtfully介词➢ 按逻辑关系表示转折关系：3 / 25例 1： (虹口区)Despite these seemingly 43 statistics, the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC),which has also conducted a series of 44 tests on municipal (市政的) water supplies as well as bottled water, says, “In theshort term, if you are an adult with no special health 45 , and you are not pregnant, then you can drink mostcities’ tap water without having to worry. "43. A endlessB.appealing【试题解析】C.alarmingD.meaningless考场形容词。

2020届上海14区高三英语二模汇编：概要写作

2020届宝山区高三英语二模IV. Summary Writing71. Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Every culture has set rules about how people should act. Patterns of good behavior, or manners, show respect and care for others. Yet the details of how to express respect vary.Greeting people cheerfully is almost always considered polite. But it's more important in some cultures than others. For example, when you enter a store in France, you should always greet the person working there. Other cultures also value greeting people. But of course the greetings vary as people speak different languages.When I was growing up in the United States, I once participated in a performance at my church. Afterward, someone gave me a compliment, but I felt like I had done a bad job. So I tried to refuse the compliment, saying, "No, I didn't do that well. " My mother got my attention and told me that was very rude. Later I learned that refusing a compliment is accepted and even approved of in China.Some of the biggest cultural differences have to do with table manners. In North America, it's polite to eat as quietly as possible. That means chewing with your mouth closed and not slurping(吃东西时发出的声音) your soup. The same goes for burping (打嗝). But in parts of Asia slurping shows that you are enjoying your meal. And burping is a sign of being full and content.There are also differences in how people eat across cultures. For example, in North America and Europe people use forks to bring food to their mouths. But in Thailand, a fork is only used to push food onto a spoon. In India and the Middle East, people eat with their hands. But eating with the left hand is forbidden. This is because the left hand is considered unclean.Yet there are also similar points across cultures. Saying "please" and "thank you," for example, is almost always polite. If you show appreciation and try to follow local customs, people will generally respond well. Showing kindness can bring people together, no matter what culture they come from. 71. It's about culture difference. Greeting cheerfully is polite anywhere. Refusing compliments is rude in America but acceptable in China. Making a sound while eating is impolite in North America but not in parts of Asia. For example, people eat differently with people in some areas preferring folks while some with hands. Anyway, similarities still exist like saying "please" and "thank you". (60w)2020届崇明区高三英语二模IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71.The Role of Humility at WorkThere are many qualities that leaders must develop if they wish to have a meaningful impact in the workplace. But among these many important qualities, the value of humility seems to be frequently overlooked. Part of this is due to common misconceptions about what it means to be humble.Humility tends to be overlooked in the workplace because it is frequently misinterpreted as a “weak” quality. We have been led to believe that people who are humble are easily bulldozed (欺负) by others and aren’t willing to stick up for themselves. Many define humility as having a low opinion of oneself. While this may be one widely accepted view of humility today, it is actually a far cry from the true meaning of the word—and the way it should be applied in leadership. Humility isn’t about being passive and weak. It’s about showing respect to others and recognizing truth in all situations, including in the workplace.A humble professional sounds like the type of person that most of us would prefer to interact with on a daily basis. It is the type of person that can become a truly effective leader. “Humble leaders must be willing to evaluate criticism to determine if it’s valid or not,” said Christopher Ferry, founder of Boca Recovery Center. “The best leaders are willing to admit when they are wrong and view mistakes as learning opportunities so they can turn them into something transformative. In all my work developing the leadership skills of managers, if I could give them any quality with a magic stick, it would be humility.”Though humility is often underrated by world at large, it’s essential if you want to be successful as a leader, not just at work but in life. Reject your idea to boast or lift yourself above anyone and decide to be at the service of others.71.Humility plays a vital role at work. Though often neglected and mistaken as a symbol of weakness, humility is actually about respecting truth and others. Humility is crucial in leadership because humble leaders have a positive attitude to criticism and mistakes and can turn these into improvements. Therefore, try to be humble both at work and in life. (58 words)2020届奉贤区高三英语二模IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.It’s natural to feel the need to control something when everything around you feels out of control, and you feel helpless. When a friend of mine first heard about the coronavirus outbreak, she got down on her hands and knees and cleaned her kitchen floor. She told me,“My floor wasn’t even dirty, but doing something constructive made me feel in control and that I was holding on to my power, despite the desperate circumstances.”Your most powerful weapon against uncertainty is your perspective because nobody and no situation can take that from you unless you give it away. Your perspective can victimize or empower you. When you look for the upside in a downside situation and figure out what you can control and what you can't, it’s easier to accept whatever is beyond your control.Small gestures during hard times gentle worry and concern. Often during emergencies and crises, people start performing acts of kindness at random. Helping others through a crisis by performing good deeds can make you feel in control. The obvious benefit when you reach out to help someone else is that you get a break from your own worries for a while. Contributing, giving, volunteering, donating and performing kind acts, no matter how small or brief, connect you to other people (and animals) in a deeply meaningful, humane way. So practice doing small gestures for others and yourself.Positive action is supposed to be taken to ensure you a sense of control. Make “cans”out of “cannots”and focus on what you can control. Take advantage of this restrictive time to clear clutter out of your basement, pull weeds in the garden, organize drawers, closets, and bookshelves, or get caught up on fun hobbies you've neglected for a while. Focus on a thought, person, pet, or object that stir hope and positivity within you. Hope always exists alongside of despair.For reference:Strengthening or retrieving a sense of control is a natural demand. First, good perspective is of the greatest help, for evaluating the situation properly brings a clearer picture. Second, kind behaviors during tough times can secure you a sense of control as well. Third, actions and thoughts of positivity also help as they may create hope and optimism.It’s essential to feel you can control something in a crisis or emergency. Positive perspective is the most important, since it will ensure you confidence and power to pull through the difficult situation. Then doing small good deeds can free you from worry temporarily by helping others. Lastly, take some positive action to arouse the hope within you.2020届虹口区高三英语二模Ⅳ.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71. Coco-Cola’s Innovative Solution to Plastic PollutionPlastic pollution has become one of the most pressing problem of the 21st Century with plastic waste almost everywhere. It is estimated that just in 2016, the world produced over 320 million tons of plastic, and this number is set to double by 2034.Plastic waste even makes its way into our oceans with 8 million pieces of plastic pollution per day polluting our waters and destroying the habitat for hundreds of species. It is now believed that there may be around 5.25 trillion pieces of plastic in the ocean weighing in total up to 269,000 tons.It’s been crystal clear for a long time that the situation is horrible and something needs to be done, and fast. Luckily, Coca-Cola stepped up to the challenge and came up with one innovative and rather effective solution. The firm is replacing its plastic wrapping in Europe with a new paper board technology.This new tech is called the KeelClip and it is a first for the non-alcohol ready-to-drink (NARTD) industry. Using KeelClips, Coca-Cola aims to remove all plastic wrap from its can multipacks in all ?European Union markets by the end of 2021. The firm is optimistic that the move will save 2,000 tons of plastic and 3,000 tons of CO2 annually.“Innovation is a key principle of our sustainable packaging work and the application of this fully recyclable paperboard KeelClipTM, which is composed of a top board that the cans clip into and central cardboard ‘keel’ -- similar to a ship’s keel - that stabilizes the pack, is another example of how we are delivering on our commitment to remove all unnecessary and hard to recycle single-use plastic from our products. We hope this eco-friendly initative is a conscious approach to dealing with plastic pollution,” said Joe Franses, Vice President, Sustainability at Coca-Cola European Partners.71. Suggested answers:With plastic wastes invading the ocean and threatening marine lives, plastic pollution is among the most serious problems on the earth. To deal with the situation. Coca-Cola thinks of a creative solution called KeelClip, which substitutes paper board for plastic wrapping, thus saving lots of plastic and CO2 annually. The case shows innovation behind Coca-Cola’s commitment to sustainable eco-friendly packaging. (60 words)2020届黄浦区高三英语二模IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Does your memory fail as you age?I'm 62 years old. Like many of my friends, I forget names that I used to be able to recall effortlessly. When packing my suitcase for a trip. I walk to the bedroom and by the time I get there, I don't remember what I came for. And yet my long-term memories are perfect. I remember the names of my third-grade classmates, the first record album I bought, my wedding day.This is widely understood to be a classic problem of aging. But the problem is not necessarily age-related I've been teaching undergraduates for my entire career and I can prove that even 20-year-olds make short-term memory errors- loads of them. They walk into the wrong classroom; they show up to exams without the required No.2 pencil; they forget something I just said two minutes before. These are similar to the kinds of things 70-year-olds do.The relevant difference is not age but rather how we describe these events, the stories we tell ourselves about them. Twenty-year-olds don't think, "Oh dear, this must be early-onset Alzheimer(早老性痴呆症）.”They think,"I really need to get more than four hours of sleep." The 70-year-olds observe these same events and worry about their brain health. This is to say that every error of short-term memory doesn't necessarily indicate a biological disorder.So how do we account for our subjective experience that older adults seem to search for words and names with difficulty? First, there is a generalized cognitive(认知的) slowing with age-but given a little more time, older adults perform just fine. Second, older adults have to search through more memories than younger adults to find the fact or piece of information they're looking for. Your brain becomes crowded with memories and information. It's not that you can't remember-you can -it's just that there is so much more information to sort through.71. The author thinks that short-term memory failure, which both old and young suffer from, isn't necessarily age-related, though different age groups find different reasons for it. The old seem to have a poorer short-term memory because of natural cognitive slowing and too much information to search for. (47 words)2020届金山区高三英语二模IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71.Herbal MedicineHerbal medicine, which has been used for medicinal purposes, is the use of plants to treat diseases. Many herbalists use the entire plant, from the flowers, stems, leaves, and roots, in the form of everything from teas to pills. These plants contain natural, chemical things that can treat the body for a variety of diseases，such as allergies, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, migraine, chronic fatigue, and cancer, among others.Nowadays an increasing number of people prefer to adopt these plants to treat their diseases because, compared with chemical medicine, herbal medicine has its own advantages. Herbal medicine and remedies are more effective than chemical medicine for certain diseases. The chemical medicine given by a chemist could have certain negative side effects. However, many of the herbal medicine and remedies do not have negative side effects. If any, they are softer than chemical medicine. Obesity is the cause of many of the health problems. Herbal medicine can help weight loss more effectively and improve overall health.However, the cure using herbal medicine and supplements would take some time, and therefore people are supposed to possess enough patience. Worse still, herbal medicine contains a variety of ingredients and people have to be sure that their body agrees with the ingredients and that it is not allergic (过敏).A point worth mentioning here is that herbal remedies and medicine for certain illnesses may have negative side effects. These side effects may not be shown at once, but would take months or even years. In the early stages, if the herbal medicine is not agreeing with you, it is wise to stop using it.When used correctly and directed by doctors, herbs can help treat a variety of diseases. But keep in mind that the herbal medicine industry is not regulated, so herbal products are often misleading and may contain additives that are not listed on the label. Some herbs may cause allergic reactions or interact with other drugs, and some are poisonous if used improperly or at high doses. Taking herbs on your own increases your risk.Herbal medicine, abstracted from entire plants in various forms, is a way to treat some disease. It has more advantages over chemical medicine owing to its better effectiveness and milder side effects. However, herbal medicine also has disadvantages like time-consuming recovery, possible allergy. Therefore, it is advisable for us to use herbs cautiously in case of potentially risky consequences. （59 words）2020届闵行区高三英语二模I.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Students who have used electronic cigarettes by the time they start ninth grade are more likely than others to start smoking traditional cigarettes and other tobacco products within the next year, according to a new study funded by the National Institutes of Health. Electronic cigarettes, or e-cigarettes, deliver nicotine to the lungs by heating a liquid solution that contains nicotine and other chemicals to produce a spray that the user takes in.As part of a survey of substance use and mental health among high school students in Los Angeles, the study compared the start of tobacco use among 222 students who had used e-cigarettes, but not any other tobacco products, and 2,308 who had neither used e-cigarettes or any other tobacco products when initially surveyed at the start of ninth grade. The 2,530 students who initially reported never using tobacco underwent follow-up assessments after six and 12 months. Students were asked about lifetime and past six-month use of e-cigarettes or any other forms of tobacco products.During the first six months after being surveyed, 30.7 percent of those who had used e-cigarettes started using tobacco products, such as cigarettes, and cigars, compared to only 8.1 percent of those who had never used e-cigarettes. Over the following six months leading into the start of 10th grade, 25.2 percent of e-cigarette users had used tobacco products, compared to just 9.3 percent of nonusers.“While teen tobacco use has fallen in recent years, this study confirms that we should continue to closely watch teen smoking patterns,” said NIDA Director Nora D. V olkow, M.D.“Parents and teens should recognize that although e-cigarettes might not have the same harmful effects of regular cigarettes, they do carry a risk of addiction.”“Recreational e-cigarette use is becoming increasingly popular among teens who have never smoked tobacco,” said Adam M. Leventhal, Ph.D., the first author on the study. “While we cannot conclude that e-cigarette use directly leads to smoking, this research raises concerns that recent increases in youth e-cigarette use could ultimately lead to the spread of smoking- related illness."As indicated in a new study, early exposure to e-cigarettes may trigger tobacco smoking in teens.( 要点一) Comparison of tobacco use initiation between students with e-cigarettes experiences and those nonusers has been made, the result of which reveals a significant increase of smoking tendency in the former. (要点二、三) With the prevalence of e-cigarettes, it’s worth paying attention to teens’ smoking patterns and considering the detrimental effects possibly exerted bye-cigarettes. (要点四)2020届浦东新区高三英语二模ptier? One thing that has changed is young people’s behavior. The young are heavy bus users when they travel. But, increasingly, they do not travel. According to Transport for London, the average 17 - to 24-year-old took 2.3 transport trips per day in the year 2011- 12 but only 1.7 in 2018 - 19. The National Travel Survey confirms that no group has cut back harder on travel since the early 2000s than teenagers. Young people are more diligent these days, and stay in school for longer. They can do the things that young people love to do on their phones, without going out.The other big bus users are the poor and the old, especially outside London, but both are turning away from buses to cars. Lower lending standards have made cars easier to acquire; a fuel-tax freeze and fuel -saving engines make them cheaper to run. Cars are ever more comfortable and easier to operate, with parking-assist technology and lane-drifting alerts to help starters. Outside London, the average free bus pass was used 90 times in the year 2010-11 but only 74 times in 2018-19, according to the Department for Transport.Finally there is the gig economy（零工经济）. Online shopping and Uber probably substitute of bus trips as well as private car journeys. And they put new vehicles on the roads, which slows everything down. The number of light-goods vehicles in London has risen by 28% since 2012. Tony Travers of the London School of Economics points out that bus speeds have fallen slightly in the capital, even though private cars have almost been cleared up from the city center. The average London bus now travels at 9.3 miles per hour. Just as people become less inclined to run after buses, they are becoming easier to catch.2020届松江区高三英语二模IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Now, it may seem strange to learn from someone who writes about pretty dresses every day, but, you don't have to be pretty and you don't have to spare no effort to be pretty just to please others. You don't have to feel bothered for your plain looking that makes you unnoticed. After all, every one of us, whether charming or not, is a drop in the ocean and you don't owe prettiness to anyone.Admittedly, I'm not saying that you shouldn't be pretty if you want to. Being pretty is pleasant, fun, refreshing and satisfying. making people feel delighted and smile at you unconsciously. But in terms of importance, prettiness stands several steps down from happiness, is way below health, and if done as an obligation, can be far away fromindependence.But what does you-don't-have-to-be-pretty mean in everyday terms? It means you don't have to blame your parents for not giving you the world-desired appearance and that you don't have to apologize for wearing things that arc held to be "unflattering" or "unfashionable"-especially if, in fact, they make you happy on some level deeper than just being pretty does. As long as you are clean, covered enough, and have bandaged any open wounds. you can wear any color or style you please, holding your heads high. if it makes you happy.Prettiness, it's sad to say, can have a shelf life. It's so tied up with youth that, at some point (if you're lucky),you're going to have to graduate from prettiness, sometimes before you know it. But you won't even get there if you think you have to follow all the signs that say "this way to prettiness". You get there by travelling the route you find most interesting.You needn't be obsessed with prettiness. Being pretty is inferior to being happy, healthy and independent. In daily life. don't feel sorry for not having pretty appearance or wearing pretty things. You can choose what you like as long as they keep you clean and decent. Prettiness has a lifespan and being yourself is the surest way to it.2020届徐汇区高三英语二模IV．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Teaching Children about ForgivenessIf you’ve seen your children struggle to forgive someone for hurting them, you know that forgiveness is complicated. After all, forgiveness is complicated for adults, too. At times, we wonder why we’re trying to forgive someone anyway; later, we might think we’ve forgiven them, only to experience a sudden burst of anger. Indeed, it takes many years for us to grasp the meaning of forgiveness as we grow up.It’s understandable that children may feel hurt or angry when a friend does something less-than-kind to them. Maybe the friend said something unkind or broke something precious, embarrassed them, excluded them, or told their secrets. Children may be tempted to get even with a friend who’s done them wrong, by doing something worse or telling everyone how ter rible the friend is, but trying to get revenge only escalates (升级) the conflict.Parents can play an important role in teaching children about forgiveness. Children watch how important adults in their lives respond when someone does something unkind. Do they complain to others or speak directly to the person involved? How long does it take them to get over being mad or hurt? How do they get over it?Parents can teach their children about the value of forgiveness by regularly practicing it in their own lives.Sometimes parents can talk with their children about forgiveness, based on where kids are in their cognitive (认知的) and emotional development. For example, children need to understand that no one is perfect, so generously forgiving a well-meaning friend is a caring thing to do. If parents can help children see things a little more from other people’s perspective, this will make forgiveness easier. These conversations can change the way children think about forgiveness and help them emotionally recover when they inevitably experience harm and unfair treatment from others in life.Forgiveness is complicated and children’s underst anding of forgiving develops as they grow older. Children may feel angry and want to revenge when they feel hurt or wronged. Parents need to be good role models themselves and have age-appropriate discussions with children to help them see things from othe r people’s perspective and better understand forgiveness. (54 words)2020届杨浦区高三英语二模Building a Greener FutureYear after year, Earth’s precious resources are becoming increasingly scarce. Still people need materials to build new houses, office buildings and schools. There’s only one solution to this problem: do more with less. That’s what sustainable construction is all about. Advocates of sustainable construction believe the entire building process can be done without harming the environment, and by doing so, the earth is kept sustainable for future generations. To make these green buildings possible, however, the process must be implemented from the beginning.Picture a city government that wants to build a green office building. The first thing these city planners would do is select a site with a small environmental impact. Ideally, they would choose a site that had already been developed, thus keeping the forests and grasslands protected.Next, city planners would turn their attention toward the construction process. Only green materials could be used to build their office towers. These include wood, steel, and other materials that have been recycled from destroyed buildings. If possible, they have been manufactured, recovered, or resourced locally. The closer that these green materials are to the construction site, the less energy is wasted getting them to where they’re needed.Maintenance costs are the next important factors that need to be considered. City planners would design heating and cooling systems that use as little energy as possible. They would fit solar roof panels that will absorb the heat from the sun to power the building. Toilets and sinks designed to minimize water waste would be fitted throughout the building. These efficiencies don’t just help to protect the environment; they can save money over the long run as well.After all this was finished, the city planners would relax and maybe even throw a party. They have designed a building that was green at every step -- the golden rule of sustainable construction.71.Sustainable construction is the solution to scarce resources and helps protect the environment. First, it means choosing a site which produces minimal environmental impact. It also involves using green recyclable and locally produced materials. Lastly, it is important to take measures like using sustainable energy to reduce maintenance cost. Therefore, sustainable construction focuses on making the whole building process green. (60)2020届长宁区高三英语二模IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Scottish summers set to keep getting warmer, study shows Cold, wet summers could become a thing of the past in Scotland, according to a new study. Researchers from Edinburgh and Oxford universities and the Met Office, the UK’s official weather service, say that summer temperatures of 30°C could become common in the future because of climate change.Climate change is long-term changes in the world’s weather patterns, including rising temperatures. Human activities such as burning fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas), farming and cutting down forests are a major cause of changing weather patterns around the world. When fossil fuels are burned, for example, they release gases such as carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. These gases are called greenhouse gases. Their emissions contribute to climate change.People experienced hot and dry conditions during a heatwave in the summer of 2018. The team found that climate change would lead to those conditions becoming more frequent in Scotland. Lead researcher Professor Simon Tett, from Edinburgh University, said that carbon dioxide emissions had to be cut around the world in order to prevent this from getting worse.The study also looked into the direct effects of the unusual weather in 2018 on people, animals and landscapes in Scotland. Among these were a thirty per cent increase in demand for water, an increase in harmful insects such as flies and mosquitoes, and a fall in the amount of peas, potatoes, carrots and onions that were harvested. The populations of some types of birds declined because of a lack of water. There was also disturbance to trains because rails were bent by the heat.Tett explained, “Despite its cool climate, Scotland must start to prepare now for the impact of high temperature extremes. The bottom line is that heatwaves have become more likely because of the climate change caused by human activities.”A study shows that Scotland is expected to have hotter and drier summers due to global climate change resulting from harmful human activities like greenhouse gases emission. Moreover, it reveals that the dryness and hotness of 2018 summer directly caused disastrous consequences to creatures, vegetation and transportation in Scotland. Actions should be taken before things get worse. （57 words）。

上海市部分区2024届高三下学期二模英语试题汇编：完形填空

上海市部分区2024届高三二模英语试题汇编完形填空2024届上海市长宁区高三下学期二模英语试卷Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A cure for the future in the past?For over fifty years, the people of Britain have relied on the welfare state to make sure they have adequate health services. But now the National Health Service is sick. Government 41 and underfunding are forcing hospitals to close, and waiting lists for treatment are getting longer. Under such circumstances, it is no surprise that more people are turning to private (but expensive) healthcare.For some, however, there are 42 . They are turning their back on modern pills, tablets and resorting to other conventional medicine. It seems paradoxical, but in an age of microchips and high technology, traditional medicine, the old-fashioned cures that our grandparents relied on, is making a 43 .Consider these case studies:Maude is 76 years old and has been suffering from arthritis for almost ten years. “The pain in my joints was almost 44 , and my doctor referred me to a surgeon at the London Hospital. I was told that I needed 45 , but would need to wait for at least two years before I could have the operation. In 46 , I started having massage sessions. To my surprise, these were very therapeu tic, and while they didn’t cure the disorder, they did47 it to some extent”.Ron is 46. His high-powered city job was 48 for a series of stress-related illnesses, and the drugs he took didn’t work well on the nervous strain. “I r ead about 49 which involve the whole person rather than the individual symptoms, but I had always doubted about such kind of medicine for all diseases. However, my friend50 a dietician who told me that part of my problem was diet-related. Basically, the food I was eating was51 to my disorder. She gave me a list of foods that would provide the right vitamins and minerals to keep me in good health. At the same time, she advocated a more 52 lifestyle-running, swimming, that kind of thing. I’ m a bit of a couch potato, and this kind of lifestyle I had lived was 53 the problem. Now I feel great!”So is there still a place in our lives for modern medicine? While it is true that some infections and viruses may be 54 by turning to traditional medicine, more serious illnesses such as cancer need more extreme measures. We do need our health service at these times, and we shouldn’t stop 55 in its future. But we mustn’t forget that for some common illnesses, the cure may lie in the past.41. A. support B. restrictions C. cutbacks D. concern42. A. programs B. alternatives C. measures D. scales43. A. comeback B. living C. change D. mess44. A. unique B. uncertain C. universal D. unbearable45. A. permission B. surgery C. supervision D. strength46. A. condition B. desperation C. general D. particular47.A. protect B. recover C. relieve D. treat48.A. eager B. grateful C. famous D. responsible49. A. treatments B. sources C. spirits D. comments50. A. supervised B. declared C. recommended D. tempted51. A. contributing B. adapting C. subjecting D. objecting52. A. moderate B. active C. negative D. suitable53. A. identifying B. investigating C. estimating D. worsening54. A. prevented B. empowered C. indicated D. restored55. A. undertaking B. invading C. investing D. evolving2024届上海市徐汇区高三二模考试英语试题Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Alipay, the digital payment arm of Chinese financial technology company Ant Group, is allocating more resources to roll out translation services in 16 languages, to ensure foreigners in China can use mobile payments without any hurdles.Alipay's move comes amid China's intensified efforts to further improve foreigners' payment (41) _______ in the country.Alipay has allowed foreigners in China to link their (42) _______ bank cards, including Visa and Mastercard, to its mobile payment tool, greatly streamlining(精简) the payment processes, said Zhu Xugang, director of the cross-border business at Ant Group.Users of 10 overseas e-wallets are also able to use their familiar home e-wallets on their own phones by (43) _______ Alipay QR codes, to enjoy seamless mobile payment experiences across Alipay's vast merchant network.According to Alipay, foreigners can use the app to complete payments at restaurants, hotels, scenic spots, convenience stores and supermarkets, as well as for ride-hailing, shared bikes, buses and other public (44) _______ services in China. The newly (45) _______ multilingual app includes English, French, Spanish, German, Italian, Portuguese, Russian and Japanese.The mobile payment app has also (46) _______ the single transaction(交易)limit for overseas travelers using mobile payments from $1,000 to $5,000 and lifted the annual cumulative transaction limit from $10,000 to $50,000.The State Council, China's Cabinet, published a guideline on improving payment services and (47) _______ payment convenience in early March, a move to better meet the (48) _______ payment needs of the elderly and foreign visitors.Last week, the People's Bank of China, the country's central bank, (49) _______ a payment guide that provides foreigners with text and graphic (50) _______ on using bank cards, cash, mobile payments and e-CNY in China, the latest step in the country's push to optimize the payment experience for foreigners.Wang Pengbo, a senior analyst at market consultancy Botong Analysys, said the intensified efforts to provide convenient payment services will not only (51) _______ improve the living and consumption experience of foreigners in China and attract more of them to the country, but also promote the healthy and sustainable development of the payment (52) _______.Wang said the move demonstrates the country's resolve to expand high-standard opening-up, (53) _______ the online payment scenarios of Alipay are wide enough, with high usage frequency. So, what it should do now is to expand the scope of foreign bank card binding and improve and simplify authentication of new users, to provide more convenient payment services to foreigners.Meanwhile, Chinese banks are taking measures to expand the (54) _______ of overseas bank cards and facilitate their use of cash in the country.Dong said more efforts are needed to expand the scenarios of various types of payment methods at tourist attractions, sporting events, transportation hubs, healthcare and beauty centers and other daily (55) _______ sites.41.A. expectations B. memorizations C. experiences D. durations42.A. international B. domestic C. interior D. commercial43.A. copying B. photographing C. sharing D. scanning44.A. transportation B. security C. education D. maintenance45.A. evolved B. launched C. specialized D. simplified46.A. decreased B. restricted C. suspended D. raised47.A. implementing B. enhancing C. administrating D. subscribing48.A. diversified B. facilitated C. digitalized D. conflicted49.A. purchased B. authorized C. released D. commercialized50.A. designs B. illustrations C. instructions D. imagery51.A. significantly B. artificially C. individually D. frequently52.A. gateway B. industry C. deadline D. term53.A. developing B. monitoring C. securing D. adding54.A. recognition B. acceptance C. regulation D. policy55.A. construction B. application C. production D. consumption2024届上海市上海市闵行区高三二模英语试题III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In Favour of Simple WritingDo you edit text messages carefully before sending them? If so, you may be the kind of person who takes pride in 41 even the simplest message. If you do not, you may see yourself as a go-getter, one who values excitement and speed over42 : get it done decently now rather than perfectly later.People are constantly receiving messages, from the mailbox to the inbox to the text-message alert. What to read, what to skim (略读) and what to ignore are decisions that nearly everyone has to make dozens of times a day.A new book titled All Readers are Busy Nowadays makes the argument for being the careful kind of 43 , even in informal lines. The authors also present well-established 44 that have long been prized in guides to writing.Take “less is more”. Most books on writing well advocate the advice to 45 needless words. The authors, however, have 46 the idea. In an email to thousands of school-board members asking them to take a survey, cutting the count from 127 to 49 words almost 47the response rate.Keeping messages to a 48 idea—or as few as absolutely needed—helps ensure that they will be read, remembered and acted on. 49 the number of the available options has the same effect, too. A link in an email, 50 , attracted 50% more clicks when presented alone than when it was sent alongside a second additional link.Syntax (句法) and 51 matter, too. It is more 52 to adopt short and active sentences, with common words familiar to everyone. From Facebook posts to online-travel reviews, even brief, informal pieces of writing that follow these rules get more likes and shares.If everyone is a busy reader, everyone is a busy writer, too. That may make it tempting to sent as many messages as 53 as possible and hope for the best. But from essays to text messages organizing dinner plans, devoting time to the needs of readers has provable 54 . If you are so busy that you write an undisciplined message which readers scan, ignore and delete, then you might as well have not 55 it at all.41.A. conveying B. understanding C. crafting D. sending42.A. care B. quantity C. simplicity D. technology43.A. reader B. poster C. learner D. writer44.A. structures B. principles C. aims D. alternatives45.A. remove B. ignore C. reconsider D. interpret46.A. conveyed B. translated C. tested D. shaped47.A. lowered B. affected C. doubled D. maintained48.A. basic B. positive C. definite D. single49.A. Recording B. Reducing C. Counting D. Estimating50.A. in comparison B. after all C. for instance D. in particular51.A. word-choice B. pattern-design C. target-setting D. platform-selection52.A. difficult B. suitable C. challenging D. common53.A. carefully B. often C. politely D. quickly54.A. outcomes B. points C. figures D. benefits55.A. received B. written C. read D. answered2024届上海市静安区高三下学期二模英语试题Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.City air is in a sorry state. It is dirty and hot. Outdoor pollution kills 4.2m people a year, according to the World Health Organization. Concrete and tarmac, meanwhile, absorb the sun’s rays rather than reflecting them back into space, and also __41__ plants which would otherwise cool things down by evaporative transpiration（蒸腾作用）. The never-ceasing __42__ of buildings and roads thus turns urban areas into heat islands, discomforting residents and worsening dangerous heatwaves.A possible answer to the twin problems of pollution and heat is trees. Their leaves may destroy at least some chemical pollutants and they certainly __43__ tiny particles floating in the air, which are then washed to the ground by rain. Besides transpiration, they provide __44__.To cool an area effectively, trees must be planted in quantity. Two years ago, researchers at the University of Wisconsin found that American cities need 40% tree __45__ to cut urban heat back meaningfully. Unfortunately, not all cities —and especially not those now springing up in the world’s poor and middle-income countries — are __46__ with parks, private gardens or a sufficient number of street trees. And the problem is likely to get worse. At the moment, 55% of people live in cities. By 2050 that share is expected to reach 68%.One group of botanists believe they have at least a partial __47__ to this lack of urban vegetation. It is to plant miniature simulacra（模拟物）of natural forests, ecologically engineered for rapid growth. Over the course of a career that began in the 1950s, their leader, Miyawaki Akira, a plant ecologist at Yokohama National University in Japan, has developed a way to do this starting with even the most __48__ deserted areas. And the Miyawaki method is finding increasing __49__ around the world.Dr Miyawaki’s insight was to deconstruct and rebui ld the process of ecological succession, by which __50__ land develops naturally into mature forest. Usually, the first arrival is grass, followed by small trees and, finally, larger ones. The Miyawaki method __51__ some of the early phases and jumps directly to planting the kinds of species found in a mature wood.Dr Miyawaki has __52__ the planting of more than 1,500 of these miniature forests, first in Japan, then in other parts of the world. Wherever they are planting, though, gardeners are not restrict ed to __53__ nature’s recipe book to the letter. Miyawaki forests can be customized to local requirements. A popular choice, __54__, is to include more fruit trees than a natural forest might support, thus creating an orchard that requires no maintenance.If your goal is to better your __55__ surroundings, rather than to save the planet from global warming, then Dr Miyawaki might well be your man.41. A. thrive B. nourish C. displace D. raise42. A. assessment B. maintenance C. spread D. replacement43. A. release B. trap C. reflect D. dissolve44. A. attraction B. shadow C. interaction D. shade45. A. consumption B. coverage C. interval D. conservation46. A. blessed B. lined C. piled D. fascinated47. A. treatment B. obstacle C. warning D. solution48. A. unnoticed B. unpromising C. untested D. unfading49. A. criticism B. favor C. sponsor D. anxiety50. A. bare B. graceful C. faint D. mysterious51. A. highlights B. skips C. improves D. pushes52. A. accessed B. spotted C. supervised D. ranked53. A. disturbing B. balancing C. following D. reducing54. A. for example B. in essence C. on the other hand D. after all55. A. suburban B. leisure C. scenic D. immediate2024届上海市浦东新区高三下学期二模英语试题Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Anyone who has ever witnessed the miracle in which infants progress from mewling to “Mama” to “Mine!” knows how critical it is for youngsters to hear normally before they speak their first words. __41__, many children who don’t talk by age two turn out to be deaf. The sooner their disability is discovered and __42__, the less likely they are to fall behind in the development of important language and social skills. That is why a growing number of hearing specialists (audiologists) and parents are campaigning for __43__ screening of newborns for hearing loss.Their __44__ has registered in some powerful ears. To date, 22 states have passed legislation requiring at least partial screening programs. Part of the push stems from __45__ in technology that, among other things, allow children as young as two months to be __46__ hearing aids. But there are limits to the technology. One thing parents should realize before they start is that the screening tests are far from __47__. A bad result doesn’t necessarily indicate a problem.Audiologists estimate that 3 out of every 1,000 babies are born with some kind of hearing loss. Of those three infants, one is profoundly deaf. About half the time, doctors can identify a possible cause, such as a birth weight less than 5 pounds, or a family history of __48__. The rest of the time there is simply no __49__ as to why a newborn’s hearing may have been affected.The screening tests work by introducing a sound into a baby’s ear and then measuring either the __50__ of the ear’s i nternal mechanisms or the electrical activity of the auditory portion of the brain (the auditory brain-stem response test). Just because a baby fails either test, __51__, does not mean that there is a hearing problem. A temporary buildup of fluid in the ear canal or excessive noise in the nursery can __52__ the results. For this reason, experts say, hospitals should __53__ the screening tests for any baby who doesn’t pass the first time before telling the parents to consult an audiologist for more thorough testing.It is at this stage that things get a bit __54__. Though 20 of every 1,000 babies fail the two-step screen, most prove on further examination to be just fine. Is it worth __55__ 17 families of perfectly normal children - not to mention asking them to spend several hundred dollars on advanced tests - to identify three infants with hearing loss?41. A. Indeed B. Meanwhile C. Occasionally D. Surprisingly42. A. reported B. accepted C. treated D. tested43. A. legal B. random C. further D. compulsory44. A. charge B. complaint C. appeal D. pursuit45. A. procedures B. advances C. practices D. insights46. A. fitted with B. provided with C. entitled to D. attached to47. A. reasonable B. imaginable C. reliable D. predictable48. A. disorder B. blindness C. obesity D. deafness49. A. solution B. clue C. reflection D. doubt50. A. response B. volume C. capacity D. activity51. A. however B. therefore C. for example D. after all52. A. prove B. produce C. match D. affect53. A. stop B. review C. repeat D. improve54. A. shocking B. distracting C. unpredictable D. complicated55. A. worrying B. classifying C. engaging D. prompting参考答案2024届上海市长宁区高三下学期二模英语试卷41-45 C B A D B 46-50 B C D A C 51-55 A B D A C2024届上海市徐汇区高三二模考试英语试题41-45 CADAB 46-50 DBACC 51-55 ABDBD2024届上海市上海市闵行区高三二模英语试题41. C 42. A 43. D 44. B 45. A 46. C 47. C 48. D 49.B 50. C 51.A 52. B 53. D 54. D 55. B2024届上海市静安区高三下学期二模英语试题41-45 CCBDB 46-50 ADBBA 51-55 BCCAD2024届上海市浦东新区高三下学期二模英语试题41-45 ACDCB 46-50 ACDBA 51-55 ADCDA。

上海市2024年高三英语二模区专题汇编：完形填空

1.2024届上海市宝山区高三英语二模专题汇编：完形填空For decades,people have guessed that artificial intelligence(AI)will eventually replace human workers.But developments in the past few years have41these concerns as companies have released AI that can answer questions,42of AI replacing them.But write articles and create images.Now,even people in creative fields must consider themany experts still insist that these AI programs are no substitute for human ability.AI programs have the43to perform some tasks currently performed by human workers.These include media jobs,such as writing advertisements and articles,along with many jobs in the financial fields and even tech-related jobs such as computer programming.AI is good at44data,so financial analysts and market research analysts may find their jobs45.Using AI for certain tasks may be a good thing.Perhaps AI will46less interesting work,allowing people to do more satisfying jobs,just as earlier technologies ing a machine to do laundry saves time47to washing clothes by hand,and many people use that extra time productively.48,AI may be able to take over dull tasks, liberating people to be truly creative,since thinking up new ideas is something AI cannot do.Another big challenge for AI is human49.Most people prefer to communicate with humans rather than machines.Hence,AI is50to replace humans for jobs that require personal connection,such as counseling or teaching.A robot can perform tasks,but it cannot51care about others,and sometimes care is what people need.AI can process data quickly,but it can only use data that it is given.So it cannot adapt to situations that52 significantly from those in its data.Thus,although some AI programs can create content,none of them can be truly creative as the content AI creates will53consist of some combination of its sources.Finally,if the AI receives false information,it has no way of recognizing that as false.Humans can also be fooled,but54,AI must continually life experience can tell them whether a claim is reasonable,an ability that AI does not have.be fact-checked to make sure its data,and therefore its conclusions,are accurate.55.At best AI may eliminate certain boringThus,although AI may replace some jobs,others require a humanparts of tasks so that humans can focus on things that only they can do.41.A.denied42.A.function43.A.potential44.A.searching45.A.at risk46.A.bring over47.A.wasted48.A.However49.A.interaction50.A.unwilling51.A.deeply52.A.evolve53.A.inevitably54.A.Frequently55.A.nature B.preventedB.possibilityB.scheduleB.providingB.at workB.get overparedB.ThereforeB.resourceB.unlikelyB.accuratelyB.rangeB.immediatelyB.GenerallyB.needC.transferredC.capabilityC.objectiveC.analyzingC.at lastC.turn overC.consumedC.SimilarlyC.resistanceC.unfairC.directlyC.differC.insignificantlyC.InstantlyC.touchD.intensifiedD.characterD.ambitionD.storingD.at leastD.take overD.sparedD.MeanwhileD.creativityD.unfortunateD.genuinelyD.resultD.improbablyD.ConsequentlyD.permission答案：41-55DBACA DBCAB DCADC上海市2024年高三英语二模区专题汇编：完形填空Maps,number lines,shapes,artwork and other materials tend to cover elementary classroom walls.However,to o much of a good thing may end up41attention and learning in young children,according to research published in Psychological Science.Psychology researchers Anna V.Fisher,Karrie E.Godwin and Howard Seltman of Carnegie Mellon University looked at whether classroom displays affected children’s ability to maintain42during instruction and to learn the lesson content.They found that children in highly decorated classrooms were more distracted,spent more time off-task and demonstrated smaller learning43than when the decorations were removed.“Young children spend a lot of time—usually the whole day—in the same classroom,and we have shown that a classroom’s44environment can affect how much children learn,”said Fisher,lead author and associate professor of psychology in the Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences.Should teachers45their visual displays based on the findings of this study?“We do not suggest by any means that this is the answer to all46problems.Furthermore, 47research is needed to know what effect the classroom visual environment has on children’s attention and learning in real classrooms,”Fisher said.“48,I would suggest that instead of removing all decorations,teachers should consider whether some of their visual displays do make it difficult for young children to49.”For the study,24kindergarten students were placed in50classrooms for six introductory science lessons on topics they were unfamiliar with.Three lessons were taught in a heavily decorated classroom,and three lessons were given in a sparse(稀疏的)classroom.The results showed that while children learned in both51types,they learned more when the room was not heavily decorated.Specifically,children’s52on the test questions was higher in the sparse classroom(55%correct)than in the decorated classroom(42%correct).“We were also interested in finding out if the visual displays were removed,whether the children’s attention would 53to another distraction,such as talking to their peers,or the total amount of time they were distracted would remain the same,”said Godwin,a Ph.D.candidate in psychology and fellow of the Program in Interdisciplinary Education Research.However,when the researchers totaled all of the time children spent off-task in both types of classrooms,the rate of off-task54was higher in the decorated classroom(38.6%time spent off-task)than in the sparse classroom(28.4% time spent off-task).The researchers hope these findings will lead to further studies into developing guidelines to help teachers design classrooms55.41.A.attracting B.distracting C.holding D.paying42.A.confidence B.relationship C.consistency D.focus43.A.gains B.opportunities C.needs D.disabilities44.A.social B.natural C.physical D.visual45.A.turn over B.take down C.try out D.look into46.A.athletic B.environmental cational municative47.A.additional B.prior C.national D.independent48.A.However B.Besides C.Therefore D.Meanwhile49.A.stretch B.adapt C.concentrate D.explore50.A.decorated B.empty C.transitional boratory51.A.teaching B.classroom C.school D.personality52.A.accuracy B.emphasis C.impact D.perspective53.A.refer B.listen C.respond D.shift54.A.questions B.behaviors C.incidents D.tasks55.A.originally B.innovatively C.appropriately D.exclusively答案：41.B42.D43.A44.D45.B46.C47.A48.C49.C50.D51.B52.A53.D54.B55.CIn a bustling city in Arizona stood a high school where most of the students live in poverty.Among them were four sons of Mexican immigrants,Juan,Oscar,Luis,and Alfredo.These boys,coming from____41____backgrounds,often found themselves overlooked and underestimated.Bonded by fate and friendship,they shared a common passion for ____42____.Two science teachers there decided to enter their high school into a complicated____43____robotics competition sponsored by the NASA and the Naval Research.Excited for the news,these four boys signed up for the competition.With enthusiasm and energy,they started calling mechanical engineers for design help.They were____44____that these kinds of robots require glass syntactic flotation foam,a type of floating material used in various marine applications.____45____money,all they could afford was some PVC pipes and duct tape(强力胶布).____46____,they searched the city for various spare parts,gathering whatever they could to bring their vision to life.With the teachers’guidance and encouragement,they____47____together a robot with no more than metal and wires.As they worked on their robot,the boys also faced personal challenges.Juan struggled with the weight of family responsibilities;Oscar____48____a deep-seated fear of failure;Luis’s heart ached from the constant peers’mockery(嘲笑)for his____49____accent,and Alfredo longed for acceptance and belonging.____50____these obstacles,they persevered,leaning on each other for support and inspiration.After a few test runs of their robot,they piled into a second-hand van to head to the competition.Upon entering the main pool area,they noticed the college teams wearing matching outfits,with robots sponsored by big companies. Feeling a bit nervous,the boys put the robot in the water for a test run.____51____,the PVC didn’t hold up,causing the robot to leak and sink.However,instead of letting this____52____ruin their spirits,the boys put their heads together and came up with a brilliant solution.12hours later,armed with8super-absorbent pads to plug the leak,the robot was____53____into the pool again.This time,their robot performed admirably.Gliding gracefully through the waters,it navigated the course with precision and speed,____54____the judges and audience alike.This underwater robot,a symbol of their determination and____55____,conquered the waters,defeated engineering powerhouse MIT and ranked first in the country.This was not just a win for those four but a victory for every underdog with a dream.41. A.academic B.relevant C.humble D.professional42. A.space B.mechanics C.research D.ocean43. A.giant B.industrial C.underwater D.local44. A.advised B.forced C.challenged D.consulted45. A.Reliant on B.Available to C.Short of D.Desperate for46. A.Therefore B.Otherwise C.Moreover D.However47. A.tied B.pieced C.added D.wrapped48. A.conquered B.created C.expressed D.battled49. A.perfect B.strange C.slight D.elegant50. A.With B.Given C.Despite D.Besides51. A.Unfortunately B.Basically C.Actually D.Consequently52. A.disagreement B.failure C.conflict D.progress53. A.sealed B.lowered C.inserted D.fed54. A.boring B.confusing C.wowing D.motivating55. A.bravery B.generosity C.confidence D.perseverance答案：41-45CBCAC46-50ABDBC51-55ABBCD届上海市虹口区高三英4.2024语In the middle of 2023,a study conducted by the HuthLab at the University of Texas sent shockwaves through th 二模专题汇编：完形填空(Cloze)e fields of neuroscience (神经科学)and technology.For the first time,the thoughts and impressions of people 41to communicate with the outside world were translated into continuous natural language,using a combination of artificial intelligence (AI)and brain imaging technology.This is the closest science has yet come to 42someone’s mind.Losing the ability to communicate is a deep cut to one’s sense of self.43this ability gives the patient greater control over their lives.But it could also give other entities,such as corporations,researchers and other third parties,a(n)44degree of insight into,or even control over,the lives of patients.The NeuroRights Foundation,based at Columbia University in New York,argues that new rights surrounding neurotechnologies will be 45for all humans to preserve their privacy,identity,and free will.The potential 46of disabled patients makes this a particularly important problem.47this approach,Chile was the first country that adopted legislation ,drafting new laws,to address the risks ofneurotechnology.It not only introduced a new constitutional right to mental 48,but is also in the process of adopting a bill that bans selling neurodata,and forces all neurotech devices to be regulated as medical devices,even those intended for the general consumer.The proposed legislation recognizes the intensely 49nature of neural data and considers it as organ tissues,which cannot be bought or sold,only donated.But this legislation has also faced 50,with legal scholars questioning the need for new rights and pointing out that it could discourage beneficial brain research for disabled patients.While the legal action taken by Chile is the most impactful and 51to date,other countries are considering updating existing laws to face the new developments in neurotechnologies.And while it is likely that the first applications of neurotech will be medical,future 52are likely to involve consumer applications such as entertainment,as well as for military and security purposes.The growing 53of neurotechnology in a commercial context only causes more legal concerns.Different people,societies,and cultures will disagree on where to draw the line.We are at a(n)54stage of technological development.And as we begin to uncover the great potential of brain science,the need to consider their implications for legal action becomes more 55.41. A.eager B.ready C.unwilling D.unable 42. A.clearing B.occupying C.changing D.reading 43. A.Reducing B.Restricting C.Restoring D.Requiring 44. A.irrelevant B.uncomfortable C.negligible D.supportive 45. A.needed B.limited C.controlled D.denied 46. A.application B.weakness C.impact D.significance 47. A.In comparison with B.In line with C.At the conclusion of D.At the cost of 48. A.integrity B.condition C.disorder D.function 49. A.group B.general C.physical D.personal 50. A.interaction B.chance C.criticism D.defence 51. A.far-reaching bor-saving C.short-sighted D.ill-timed 52. A.advances B.arrangements C.requirements D.policies 53. A.confidence B.availability C.membership D.movement 54. A.mature B.initial C.different D.final 55. A.diversified B.genuine C.pressing D.special 答案：41-55:DDCBABBADCAABBCMy father decided to start learning French when he was57.On the surface,his retirement hobby seems a little random—our family has no connection to French-speaking countries—but his__41__ran deeper than a passion for cakes.My grandmother developed signs of Alzheimer’s disease(阿尔兹海默症)in her early70s,and studies suggest that being bilingual,that is,being able to speak two languages equally well,can__42__the start of the condition by up to five years.Drawn by that__43__benefit,many people have attempted to pick up a new language in adulthood.Lots of activities are linked to better brain health in old age,like getting more education when you’re younger and physical activity.Experts say regularly speaking multiple languages may be especially__44__though.“We use language in all aspects of daily life,so a bilingual brain is__45__working,”said Mark Antoniou,a professor at Western Sydney University who specializes in bilingualism.The age at which you learn another language appears to be less important than how__46__you speak it.The cognitive(认知的)benefit is from having to__47__your mother tongue,which your brain is forced to do if you’re trying to recall the right words in another language.So if the second language is used a lot,you’re getting that cognitive __48__.That process is called cognitive inhibition.In theory,by improving these types of processes,the brain becomes stronger to the__49__caused by diseases like dementia.The stronger your mental power,the thinking goes,the longer you can function normally,even if your brain health starts to__50__.However,evidence for the benefits of learning a second language as a hobby in your60s is__51__.Research by Dr. Antoniou and colleagues found that while Chinese adults60and up improved on cognition tests after a six-month language learning program,people who played games like Sudoku did as well.Two more recent studies on the topic found virtually no__52__in cognitive performance after people took part in language-learning programs.The scientists who conducted those studies offered a few potential__53__.One is that the participants were highly motivated volunteers,who may have already been at peak performance for their age,making it hard to see any__54__. Another is that the language interventions were perhaps too short.The handful of studies looking into the issue have used language lessons that were very different in their__55__and frequency.Some studies taught participants for eight months,others for just one very intense week.41. A.affection B.contribution C.motivation D.struggle42. A.delay B.prevent C.signal D.stimulate43. A.additional cational sting D.potential44. A.beneficial mon C.impractical D.rare45. A.carelessly B.constantly C.creatively D.delicately46. A.long B.often C.soon D.well47. mand B.practice C.restrict D.spread48. A.function B.psychology C.system D.training49. A.damages B.operations C.pains D.signs50. A.decline B.improve C.matter D.restore51. A.available B.mounting C.stronger D.weaker52. A.difference B.involvement C.point D.reduction53. A.applications B.explanations C.findings D.suggestions54. A.diversities B.improvements C.outcomes D.possibilities55. A.content B.intention C.length D.requirement答案：41-55CADAB BCDAA DABBCPicture this:you’re out to dinner with a friend who you know makes a lot more money than you do.When you open the___41___,your heart sinks.There’s not a dish in sight that is less than$35,and even a soup is going to run you$18. You probably vow(发誓)to___42___dollar pizza slices the rest of the month to balance out this dinner.___43___,this time,what if you just turned to your friend,closed the menu,and said,“Sorry,I have to be honest.I can’t afford this. Let’s go somewhere else?”That’s the idea behind“loud budgeting”,a trend that could not only relieve you of the___44___burden,but help you deal with these sorts of stressful situations both mentally and emotionally.In an age when everybody is showing off nice things on social media and___45___to be something they’re not,it feels somewhat revolutionary to just tell the truth about what you can’t afford.The term was first introduced by TikTok(抖音)comedian Lukas Battle.Battle explained his concept in an interview: simply put,loud budgeting is being___46___about what you do and don’t want to spend money on.Since his video,the concept has caught on rapidly among the___47___,who are pointing out that it has come at a significant time when everything is uncontrollably expensive.It’s not just a TikTok thing though.Even those in the financial services industry are on board with the___48___. Nikolina Cuca,a financial advisor,says that she’s seen social media add pressure to her clients,causing them to spend ___49___on luxury items.“There should be no shame about trying to match your spending to your means.This trend helps young people moderate spending by___50___the idea of living within budgets.”Beyond just saving money,loud budgeting is also bringing people closer.Honest money talks lead to greater respect among friends and family.By___51___discussing money goals,people are creating stronger bonds based on mutual understanding for each other’s financial situations.And perhaps the most valuable part of the loud budgeting trend is that it provides a sense of___52___.For example,if you tell a friend you are trying to cut back spending on drinks out,you are much___53___to stick with the goal than if you just keep it to yourself.With its focus on being open,spending wisely,and building___54___,loud budgeting is more than just a passing trend,but a cool way for the younger generation to___55___their finances.As more people adopt this approach,it is likely to stay a big part of how we handle money in the future.41. A.door B.menu C.bill D.wallet42. A.appeal to B.lead to C.stick to D.object to43. A.Otherwise B.Meanwhile C.Therefore D.However44. A.financial B.cultural C.physical D.economical45. A.refusing B.pretending C.agreeing D.guaranteeing46. A.worried B.angry C.honest D.excited47. A.male B.female C.young D.old48. A.tradition B.truth C.treasure D.trend49. A.below their standards B.beyond their meansC.towards their goalsD.despite their differences50. A.normalizing B.criticizing C.memorizing D.visualizing51. A.endlessly B.intelligently C.openly D.formally52. A.belonging B.accountability C.flexibility D.rigidity53. A.less motivated B.less equipped C.more hesitant D.more likely54. A.connections B.business C.habitats D.reputation55. A.lose faith in B.take charge of C.do away with D.make up for答案：41-55BCDAB CCDBA CBDABSandhya Sriram is impatient.The stem-cell(干细胞)scientist wanted to put her knowledge to use,developing cultivated seafood.Yet no one was doing that in Singapore.So four years ago,she set up a company to create lab-grown crustacean(甲壳纲动物)meat.(41)______,she registered her company,Shiok Meats in August2018.“Nobody was doing crustaceans,”says Sriram,Shiok’s Group CEO and co-founder.“What do Asians eat the most?Seafood.It was a simple answer.And they’re so delicious.”A lifelong(42)______,she had never tried real shrimp,but she sampled it the week she registered the company.Today,the results of her(43)______can be seen at the headquarters of her company.During a fall2022visit,a bioprocess engineer looked into a microscope carefully.He had taken samples from a bioreactor in the room next door, where the company is(44)______crustacean cells.Under the lens,he was checking to see if the cells were ready to harvest.Shiok Meats has already revealed shrimp,lobster,and crab prototypes(最初形态)to a select group of tasters,and it plans to(45)______regulatory approval to sell its lab-grown shrimp by April2023.That could make it the first in the world to bring cultivated shrimp to diners,putting it at the leading position of the cultivated-meat(46)______.As of this writing,only one company has gained regulatory approval to sell lab-grown animal-protein products:Eat Jus’s cultured chicken is(47)______but only in Singapore.Shiok Meats still needs to submit all the paperwork necessary and get regulatory approval,but the company hopes to see its products in restaurants by mid-2024,offering foodies a more environmentally friendly option free of(48)______than crustaceans from farms.But even if that ambitious(49)______is met,it will likely be a while before the average person is eating cultivated crustaceans.It will require not just regulatory approval but also more funding and a bigger factory,along with(50) ______consumers and governments around the world to accept lab-grown seafood.“We’re at an interesting stage of a startup;it’s called the Valley of Death,”says Sriram.“We are in the space where we haven’t submitted for regulatory approval yet,but we’re looking to commercialize in the next two years.”Nevertheless,the impatient entrepreneur is(51)______.Sriram hopes to have the company’s next manufacturing plant ready by the end of2023,where a500-liter and a2,000-liter bioreactor will be a major(52)______from its current50-and200-liter bioreactors.The goal is for her products to enter the mainstream in Singapore in five to seven years.(53)______these products could help tackle some of the environmental impacts of crustacean anic waste,chemicals,and antibiotics from seafood farms can pollute groundwater.Shiok Meats says the way it produces crustacean meat minimizes animal cruelty,as growing protein in a lab helps avoid(54)______animals.And cultivating shrimp closer to where it’s(55)______cuts emissions from fishing-boat fuel and shipping products around the world.In a word,when science meets seafood,many wonderful things happen naturally.41. A.Eagerly B.Hurriedly C.Incidentally D.Interestingly42. A.dieter B.foodie C.taster D.vegetarian43. A.discipline B.enthusiasm C.discovery D.mindset44. A.growing B.investigating C.increasing D.targeting45. A.accept B.adopt C.grant D.seek46. A.farm B.race C.section D.line47. A.available B.affordable petitive D.profitable48. A.additive B.cruelty C.meat D.salt49. A.guideline B.transformation C.condition D.timeline50. A.demanding B.directing C.persuading D.training51. A.delightful B.insightful C.open-minded D.optimistic52. A.difference B.emergence C.sacrifice D.leap53. A.Tracking B.Supervising C.Popularizing D.Sampling54. A.feeding B.killing C.mistreating D.trapping55. A.captured B.stranded C.consumed D.produced答案：41~55ADBAD BABDC DDCBCCity air is in a sorry state.It is dirty and hot.Outdoor pollution kills4.2m people a year,according to the World Health Organization.Concrete and tarmac,meanwhile,absorb the sun’s rays rather than reflecting them back into space, and also__41__plants which would otherwise cool things down by evaporative transpiration（蒸腾作用）.The never-ceasing__42__of buildings and roads thus turns urban areas into heat islands,discomforting residents and worsening dangerous heatwaves.A possible answer to the twin problems of pollution and heat is trees.Their leaves may destroy at least some chemical pollutants and they certainly__43__tiny particles floating in the air,which are then washed to the ground by rain.Besides transpiration,they provide__44__.To cool an area effectively,trees must be planted in quantity.Two years ago,researchers at the University of Wisconsin found that American cities need40%tree__45__to cut urban heat back meaningfully.Unfortunately,not all cities—and especially not those now springing up in the world’s poor and middle-income countries—are__46__with parks,private gardens or a sufficient number of street trees.And the problem is likely to get worse.At the moment,55% of people live in cities.By2050that share is expected to reach68%.One group of botanists believe they have at least a partial__47__to this lack of urban vegetation.It is to plant miniature simulacra（模拟物）of natural forests,ecologically engineered for rapid growth.Over the course of a career that began in the1950s,their leader,Miyawaki Akira,a plant ecologist at Yokohama National University in Japan,has developed a way to do this starting with even the most__48__deserted areas.And the Miyawaki method is finding increasing__49__around the world.Dr Miyawaki’s insight was to deconstruct and rebuild the process of ecological succession,by which__50__land develops naturally into mature ually,the first arrival is grass,followed by small trees and,finally,larger ones. The Miyawaki method__51__some of the early phases and jumps directly to planting the kinds of species found in a mature wood.Dr Miyawaki has__52__the planting of more than1,500of these miniature forests,first in Japan,then in other parts of the world.Wherever they are planting,though,gardeners are not restricted to__53__nature’s recipe book to the letter.Miyawaki forests can be customized to local requirements.A popular choice,__54__,is to include more fruit trees than a natural forest might support,thus creating an orchard that requires no maintenance.If your goal is to better your__55__surroundings,rather than to save the planet from global warming,then Dr Miyawaki might well be your man.41. A.thrive B.nourish C.displace D.raise42. A.assessment B.maintenance C.spread D.replacement43. A.release B.trap C.reflect D.dissolve44. A.attraction B.shadow C.interaction D.shade45. A.consumption B.coverage C.interval D.conservation46. A.blessed B.lined C.piled D.fascinated47. A.treatment B.obstacle C.warning D.solution48. A.unnoticed B.unpromising C.untested D.unfading49. A.criticism B.favor C.sponsor D.anxiety50. A.bare B.graceful C.faint D.mysterious51. A.highlights B.skips C.improves D.pushes52. A.accessed B.spotted C.supervised D.ranked53. A.disturbing B.balancing C.following D.reducing54. A.for example B.in essence C.on the other hand D.after all55. A.suburban B.leisure C.scenic D.immediate答案：41-45CCBDB46-50ADBBA51-55BCCAD9.2024届上海市闵行区高三英语二模专题汇编：完形填空In Favour of Simple WritingDo you edit text messages carefully before sending them?If so,you may be the kind of person who takes pride in 41even the simplest message.If you do not,you may see yourself as a go-getter,one who values excitement and speed over42:get it done decently now rather than perfectly later.People are constantly receiving messages,from the mailbox to the inbox to the text-message alert.What to read, what to skim(略读)and what to ignore are decisions that nearly everyone has to make dozens of times a day.A new book titled All Readers are Busy Nowadays makes the argument for being the careful kind of43,even in informal lines.The authors also present well-established44that have long been prized in guides to writing.Take“less is more”.Most books on writing well advocate the advice to45needless words.The authors, however,have46the idea.In an email to thousands of school-board members asking them to take a survey, cutting the count from127to49words almost47the response rate.Keeping messages to a48idea—or as few as absolutely needed—helps ensure that they will be read, remembered and acted on.49the number of the available options has the same effect,too.A link in an email, 50,attracted50%more clicks when presented alone than when it was sent alongside a second additional link.Syntax(句法)and51matter,too.It is more52to adopt short and active sentences,with common words familiar to everyone.From Facebook posts to online-travel reviews,even brief,informal pieces of writing that follow these rules get more likes and shares.If everyone is a busy reader,everyone is a busy writer,too.That may make it tempting to sent as many messages as 53as possible and hope for the best.But from essays to text messages organizing dinner plans,devoting time to the needs of readers has provable54.If you are so busy that you write an undisciplined message which readers scan, ignore and delete,then you might as well have not55it at all.41.A.conveying B.understanding C.crafting D.sending42.A.care B.quantity C.simplicity D.technology43.A.reader B.poster C.learner D.writer44.A.structures B.principles C.aims D.alternatives45.A.remove B.ignore C.reconsider D.interpret46.A.conveyed B.translated C.tested D.shaped47.A.lowered B.affected C.doubled D.maintained48.A.basic B.positive C.definite D.single49.A.Recording B.Reducing C.Counting D.Estimating50.A.in comparison B.after all C.for instance D.in particular51.A.word-choice B.pattern-design C.target-setting D.platform-selection52.A.difficult B.suitable C.challenging mon53.A.carefully B.often C.politely D.quickly54.A.outcomes B.points C.figures D.benefits55.A.received B.written C.read D.answered答案：41.C42.A43.D44.B45.A46.C47.C48.D49.B50.C51.A52.B53.D54.D55.B。

2020届上海14区高三英语二模汇编：阅读A

2020届宝山区高三英语二模Section BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In 2008, someone, or perhaps a group of people, using the name Satoshi Nakamoto published a paper to an online group that discussed cryptography(密码使用法). That paper described a process that would use cryptography to create a secure electronic cash system, now known as a cryptocurrency (加密货币). Person to person payments could be made online using a shared network of computers instead of a bank or other financial institution. Each deal could happen very quickly. The shared network of computers would also serve as the means to prove those deals safely. Getting rid of the need for a centralized banking system would open up the possibility for anyone to become part of the digital economy.Today, there are well over a thousand different cryptocurrencies. Most are still trying to be feasible global payment systems like Bitcoin. They are held back by problems affecting the entire cryptocurrency industry.One issue is weak security on cryptocurrency websites where users either store their electronic cash in virtual "wallets "or exchange one kind of electronic cash for another. In recent years, clever thieves have broken into many of these websites and stolen electronic cash. The websites are struggling to protect their users from such thefts.Another problem is the large number of fake cryptocurrencies that are advertised on the internet. The advertisements invite internet users to visit websites offering new cryptocurrencies. Many visitors are persuaded by the websites to buy their cryptocurrencies using actual money. Later, the websites disappear along with the victims' money. In response to this problem, companies like Facebook and Google are limiting cryptocurrency advertising on their websites.56. What does the article explain about Satoshi Nakamoto?A. Satoshi's background in international banking and investmentB. Satoshi's grave doubts about the true value of cryptocurrenclesC. Satoshi's close partnership with suspicious financial institutionsD. Satoshi's contribution to the development of the digital economy57. According to this article, what is true about numerous cryptocurrency websites?A. They and their users have been robbed.B. They've revealed the identities of their users.C. They reward their users with cool prizes.D. They arrange recreational events for users.58. What does the article indicate about the cryptocurrency industry?A. It's had to lay off lots of workers.B. It's celebrating a profitable year.C. It's facing some serious challenges.D. It's set a very high moral standard.59. According to this article, why are Facebook and Google limiting cryptocurrency advertising?A. Few cryptocurrencies need to be marketed.B. They've created their own cryptocurrency.C. They don't listen to cryptocurrency fans.D. Too many cryptocurrencies aren't real.参考答案：56－59 DACD2020届崇明区高三英语二模(A)A growing number of American states are requiring schools to teach students “media literacy” skills. California is the latest state to pass such a requirement. Media literacy, also known as news literacy, is the ability to use critical thinking skills to recognize differences between real and “fake” news.The new law requires California’s Department of Education to provide materials related to media literacy on its website. Its goal is to give students a set of effective tools to “enable them to make informed decisions”.The media literacy efforts were based on a Stanford University study from 2016. It found that 80 percent of U.S. middle school students failed to recognize an advertisement that looked like a real news story. The researchers also found that high school students had trouble telling the difference between a real and a fake news website.The study called for more efforts to help students recognize false information on the internet. It said that young people also need the skills to find out where news stories come from, and to be able to judge the trustworthiness of sources and writers.Carolyn Edy is a professor of communication at Appalachian State University in North Carolina. She said she has seen a clear change in her students’ abilities to judge news sources. Edy said that when students used to read printed newspapers, it was easier for them to recognize fact from opinion. Now, it’s necessary to teach students how to fully examine websites.One of Edy’s goals is to teach students how to research the news organizations responsible for the stories they are reading. One way to do this is for students to ask a series of questions. One example is, “What is the overall mission of the organization?”Edy said young people also need to judge whether news organizations identify any possibleconflicts of interest. Another question to ask is, “What do they do when they get a story wrong?” Responsible and trustworthy news organizations issue corrections if something is falsely reported, she said.Edy added that one good thing to come out of the rise of misinformation and fake news is that it has made many people seek out good reporting.56.The new law passed in California mainly aims at __________.A. helping students identify fake newsB. improving students’ critical thinking skillsC. offering students real informationD. enabling students to make quick decisions57.Why does the author mention the Stanford University study?A. To present the details of the law.B. To provide a set of tools for the law.C. To show the reason behind the law.D. To indicate the efforts based on the law.58.Which is a way suggested by Carolyn Edy for students to judge the trustworthiness of a news organization?A. Identifying the conflicts of interest in it.B. Correcting its falsely reported news stories.C. Learning about its background information.D. Asking a series of questions about its news.59.The passage mainly tells us that media literacy ____________.A. can contribute to the rise of good news reportingB.is becoming much more important with the law passedC. can improve American students’ understanding of newsD.is increasingly recognized as essential for students in the US参考答案：56. A57. C58. C59. D2020届奉贤区高三英语二模(A)One spring day, once the flowers have begun to open, a bee will hover (盘旋) and zip through your yard and dive-bomb your picnic table. While you're thinking about avoiding an attack, that bee is focused on something else entirely: me.A honeybee has about six weeks to live. Today, like most days, her task is to fly as many as three miles from home, stick her long, straw-like tongue into a hundred or so flowers. When thebee has had her fill, she’ll fly home. There the bee will deposit what she has got into the mouth of one of her co-workers, who will relay it to another, and so on for about 20 minutes, until the mixture is ready to be placed into the comb. Then she and her 50,000 or so mates will hover in the dark all night every night, flapping their wings to create hot, breezy conditions to remove the water from the mixture. Several sunrises later, they will seal me off in a golden cell of beeswax. In her lifetime, our bee may visit 4,000 flowers, and yet will produce only one-twelfth of a tea spoon of me.The average American consumes nearly a pound and a half of me every year, in tea, on toast, and beyond. If I do say so myself, I am a timeless treasure. Literally--I never go bad.Unfortunately, my good health is not guaranteed. The problem lies in the growth of industrial agriculture and the use of pest control chemicals, as well as changes in weather patterns, all of which reduce the number of flowers bees have to visit. I'd appreciate your letting your own garden grow just a little wild. My future depends on all of us fostering spring and summers wild flowers, thus helping the bees, who give so much--to you, to me--without ever asking for anything in return.56. What does “me” refer to in the passage?A. The flower.B. The bee.C. Water.D. Honey.57. What is the 2nd paragraph mainly about?A. Bees' special talent.B. Bees' hard work.C. Bees' living environment.D. Bees' social behavior.58. Which one of the following is true according to the passage?A. A bee will always prioritize attacking picnic lovers.B. Before “me” is sealed off in beeswax, the drying process can take a few nights.C. The lifework of a bee satisfies the average demand of an American consumer annually.D. Bees are more likely to visit those deliberately pest-controlled gardens.59. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To appeal for help for honeybees.B. To talk about the history of a treasure.C. To put forward techniques for gardeners.D. To argue against the control of chemicals.参考答案：56-59DBBA2020届虹口区高三英语二模Section BDirections: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)We’ve all heard the stories of an actor’s struggles before a career breakthrough: living a hardlife, working part time, being a couch potato before getting that major role. Shelby, the star of “A Dog’s Way Home,” has a hard-luck tale that could top them all. Before her big break, she was living in a landfill, rooting through garbage for her next meal.Shelby’s big break came in April 2017, when animal-control officer Megan Buhler was driving in Cheatham County. Tennessee. Out on an unrelated call, Buhler spotted and approached what she recalled was a noticeably scared puppy emerging from the dump. “I knelt down and just said, ‘Oh, come here, baby,’” said Buhler. “She was so scared, but she came right up to me, and I was able to put her in my truck.” The pair headed to the county animal shelter, where the staff began calling the new resident Baby Girl.Buhler and others didn’t know that 3,200 kilometers away, Hollywood was looking for a dog to play Bella in a film written by Cathryn Michon. The find-a-Bella job went to freelance trainer Teresa Ann Miler. Her mission was to search shelters nationwide for a dog that could play Bella. One day, Miller spotted Baby Girl’s adoption photo. “Honestly, it was a really good picture, and she was flat - out smiling,” Miller said. Then she met Baby Girl, and assessed her on personality and the ability to respond to simple commands. After assessment, she adopted Baby Girl from the shelter, renamed her Shelby and took her to California for training. Miller and Shelby trained for just over three months before filming began. Then they were together each day on the set.Most of the film’s reviews have praised Shelby’s performance. Variety made the comments “an amazing dog, perfect performance!”Shelby has come a long way from the dump. But Buhler said she saw Shelby recently had needed only a second to compare the movie star with the dog she found from piles of trash. “She’s exactly the same,” Buhler said.56. Why does the author mention an actor’s struggle before a career breakthrough at the very beginning?A. To make a sharp contrast between an actor’s struggle and a dog’s struggle.B. To introduce a dog’s similar but even more striking experiences.C. To attract reader’s attention by giving dramatic examples.D. To clearly point out the main idea of the passage.57. What finally helped Baby Girl get the big role in the film?A. Her adoption picture.B. Her flat-out smiling.C. her personality and ability.D. Her miserable experiences.58. By saying “She is exactly the same” in the last paragraph, Buhler probably means __________.A. the dog returned to the piles of trash where she found itB. it took quite a lot of trouble for the dog to change her own fate.C. she’s really excited to see the dog she helped live such a happy lifeD. the dramatic change of the dog’s life hasn’t changed her inner quality59. What do you think may serve as the best title of the passage?A. The Success of “A Dog’s Way Home”.B. From a Landfill Puppy to a Movie Star.C. The Trainer and Her Star Dog.D. Shelby’s Hard-luck Story.参考答案：56 - 59 BCDB2020届黄浦区高三英语二模(A)Katherine Jonson,winner of the presidential medial of freedom,refused to be limited by society5 expectations of her gender and race while expanding the borders of humanity’s reach--President Barack Obama,2015Using little more than a pencil,a slide rule and one of the finest mathematical minds in the country,Mrs.Johnson, who died at 101,calculated the precise path that would let Apollo 11 land on the moon in 1969 and,after Neil Armstrong's history-making moonwalk,let it return to Earth Wet throughout Mrs.Johnson's 33 years in NASAN& Flight Research Division and for decades afterward,almost no one knew her name.She was just one of those unheralded women who,well before the modem feminist(女权）movement,worked as NASA mathematicians.But it was not only her gender that kept her long marginalized and long unsung Katherine Johnson,a West Virginia native,was also African-American.But over time,the work of Mrs.Johnson and her colleagues--countless calculations done mainly by hand,using slide rules,chart paper and inefficient desktop calculating machines--won them a level of acceptance that for the most competitive race.“NASA was a very professional organization,"Mrs.Johnson told The Observer ofFayetteville,N.C.,in 2010. "They didn't have time to be concerned about what color I was."Nor,she said,did she.“I don't have a feeling of inferiority,"Mrs.Johnson said on at least one occasion.“Never had.I m as good as anybody,but no better."To the end of her life,Mrs.Johnson refused praise for her role in sending astronauts into space,keeping them on course and bringing them safely home."I was just doing my job,"Mrs.Johnson repeatedly said so.But what a job it was--done,no less,by a woman born at a time when the odds were more likely that she would die before age 35 than even finish high school.56. The underlined word “unheralded”most probably means______.A. not adequately paidB. not previously mentionedC. not officially rewarded.D. not fast promoted57. It was ___________ put together that made Mrs. Johnson a miracle.A. her skin color, her gender and the facilitiesB. her gender, her intelligence and the facilitiesC. her skin color, her gender and her intelligenceD. her intelligence, her skin color and the facilities58. From Mrs. Johnson's comments on NASA and her own job. we can conclude that ____________.A. she was confident and modestB. NASA shows no interest in staff's racesC. She was superior to most women in her ageD. NASA is professionally organized and supportive59. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Woman Made CalculationsB. NASA Marginalized MathematiciansC. Gender Divided OrganizationsD. Mathematician Broke Barriers参考答案：56-59: BCAD2020届金山区高三英语二模Section BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)EU members’ states have agreed to ban a toxic substance widely found in clothing because it poses an “acceptable risk” to the environment. Countries voted in favor of extending existing restrictions on nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPE) to imports of clothing and other textile products.The measure is intended to protect species in water. Use of NPE in textile manufacture in Europe was banned over 10 years ago but the substance is still released into the water environment through imported textiles being washed.NPE degrades in the environment into substances including nonylphenol (NP), which accumulates in the bodies of fish and disturbs their hormones, harming fertility, growth and sexual development.NPE is used in textile manufacture as a cleaning and dyeing agent. The EU decision notes that several studies have found NPE to be present in textile items.A 2011 study by Greenpeace found NPE in two-thirds of clothes tested, including items sold by big-name brands such as Adidas, H&M, Lacoste, and Ralph Lauren. The NGO (Non-Governmental Organizations) argued that although concentrations of NPE found in the clothes were low, the chemical’s existence in the environment posed a risk.The new ban on textiles containing NPE in concentrations equal to or greater than 0.01% will enter into force five years after it is adopted by the European Commission, which is likely to happen in September.In comments submitted to ECHA (European Chemicals Agency), clothing and textile firms have warned that obeying the restriction will be difficult because NPE is ubiquitous in the supply chain and has numerous uses.The new restriction will not apply to second-hand goods or recycled textiles because it is assumed that these will already have been washed several times so they contain negligible (微不足道的) amounts of NPE.EU countries must eliminate pollution of water bodies by NP as it is a priority substance under the Water Framework Directive. A 2013 study by the UK environment agency warned that emissions from textiles could prevent progress towards this objective. It found 29% of imported cotton underwear contained NPE, which was released during the first two washes by the consumer.56.The 2011 study by Greenpeace found ____________________.A.29% of imported cotton underwear contained NPEB. NPE had limited effects on aquatic speciesC. NPE was widely present in textile productsD. clothes of good quality had no concentrations of NPE57. What’s the possible meaning of the underlined part “is ubiquitous” in Paragraph 7?A. is legally protectedB. is not easy to be foundC. seems to be everywhereD. is uncommon58. What can we learn from the text?A. The original ban on use of NPE was very effective.B. Recycled textiles contain less NPE.C. The new ban on imports of textiles has come into force.D. The UK environment agency is optimistic about the new ban.59. Which section of the website does the text come from?A. Lifestyle.B. Technology.C. Business.D. Environment.参考答案：56-59: CCBD2020届闵行区高三英语二模(A)Brooke Martin’s golden retriever(金毛猎犬) Kayla hated being left alone or separated. She would howl, pace, and chew on things. Brooke learned that other people had the same problem with their pets. She wondered: ―What if you could talk to your dog if you were gone?Working with her father in their garage, the 16-year-old came up with several ideas.Finally, she invented a device that allowed pet owners to video chat with their pets! She calls the device iCPooch. ―The dog doesn’t have to answer the call,explains Brooke. ―It comes up immediately on the screen on their end. It’s a two-way audio and video—you can see and hear each other.With a click of a button you can even send the dog a treat!Her invention has earned her a spot competing against nine other finalists in a young scientist competition for middle-school students. These finalists, selected based on their short video presentations, are working with mentors over the summer before heading to the final competition in St. Paul, Minn.After Martin’s video put her among the 10 finalists in the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge, she was paired with Delony Langer-Anderson, a product development scientist in 3M’s consumer health care division. ―I just lead her down the product development path,Langer-Anderson told Live Science. This path includes guidance on how to test the potential product, which combines a video chat device that answers immediately on the dog’s end with a dog treat device the owner can remotely activate.‘One thing I have thought about a lot is, what happens if while the device is on thefloor, what if your dog knocks it over, or scratches the screen? ’Martin said. She and Langer-Anderson discussed this, and Martin is now testing materials at a local dog shelter by taping them to the dog house floors to see how well they withstand sharp teeth and claws.The finalists create models they can test, with the guidance from a mentor. Their projects include a fuel cell that transforms cut grass into electricity and an app that rewards drivers for not texting or calling. Langer-Anderson tries to help the students work through the scientific method, testing their hypothesis, in a determined way, ―so the kids don’t get buried in data. she said.56.Which of the following would be the best title of thepassage?A.“iCPooch” wins in a young scientist competition.B.A 16-year-old girl invents a device for dog hunger.C.A man-made device lets people chat with their pets.D.A kid-invented device calm dogs’ separation anxiety.57.“iCPooch” calms pet dogs by .A. allowing video chatB. making dogs sleepC. answering the callD. giving them food58.What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “mentor”A. competitorsB. assistantsC. instructorsD. companions59.What do the inventions of the finalists have in common?A.They are all new inventions dealing with pets.B.They are possible solutions to everyday problems.C.They cope with the problems related to computers.D.They are all accomplished through individual work.参考答案：56. D57. A58. C59. B2020届浦东新区高三英语二模Section BDirections: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A) To Be a Deaf DJI was born in England with perfect hearing. In 1990, when I was five, my family moved to the United States. I started getting ear infections every three months or so. We didn’t have health insurance at the time, and when I got a third infection, my parents couldn’t afford the treatment. I went deaf in my right ear and was left with 50 percent hearing in my left. Over time, my remaining hearing dropped to 20 percent, where it is today. My doctors predicted that I would be thoroughly deaf by now, so I think I’m doing pretty well.There was always music on in my house in my childhood. I loved listening to Metallica, Led Zeppelin, Michael Jackson. My dad was a DJ, so he played disco, folk, rock, and music from other countries. For my 18th birthday, my dad asked me to deejay at the restaurant be owned. After doing that for a few weeks, I was hooded. I desired to learn more. I e-mailed DJ Shiftee, a distinguished New York City DJ, when I was 25: “I know you like a challenge. How about teaching a deaf person to deejay?” He wrote back the next day; “Challenge accepted.” He tutored me twice a week for two years, helping me develop correct technique. I practiced four hours a day.Now when I’m performing, muscle memory takes over. When I started, I wouldn’t tell the club managers that I was deaf. I would just show up, introduce myself, and start playing music. At the end of the night, someone would say, “Oh, here’s the check.” And I’d say, “What? Oh, I can’t hear.” They were always so astonished. Sometimes I would bring doctor’s notes because they wouldn’t believe me. It was reassurance that they were giving me opportunities to perform because I was brilliant, no out of sympathy. Eventually people started calling me “that deaf DJ,” and the name stuck.What fascinates me about deejaying is the creativity. I use software that turns the music into lines of color on a computer screen. I’m visually hearing the music. The next time you go dancing, cover your ears, and you’ll start seeing that you’re able to hear the music in a different way. Music is not all about hearing. I pay all sorts of get-togethers now, from college parties to corporate events. I also go to elementary schools for the deaf and talk to the students about motivation and believing in themselves. I’m big on talking to the parents. I tell them, “My advice to you is let your kids chase their dreams. I’m a deaf DJ, so why not?”56. Which of the following might result in the author’s hearing loss?A. Monthly ear infection.B. Moving to the U. S.C. Family financial hardshipD. The doctors’ prediction.57. How did DJ Shiftee help the author during his youth?A. He taught him correct skills.B. He discovered his talent for DJ.C. He played at the restaurant for him.D. He cultivated his taste for foreign music.58. The underlined expression in Paragraph 3 “the name stuck” probably means that _________.A. the author was in low spiritsB. the author impressed people deeplyC. the audience felt disappointed by the playerD. the audience looked down upon the player59. We can conclude from the passage that the author loves deejaying because _________.A. working as a DJ involves innovationB. music helps him to see the world virtuallyC. he motivates the kids to realize their dreamD. he desires to challenge something impossible参考答案：56-59CABA2020届松江区高三英语二模(A)Have you ever heard of Nollywood? Nollywood is the name of the Nigerian (尼日利亚的) film industry: Nigeria is one of the largest film industries in the world based on the quantity of films produced. placing them right below India's Bollywood and above USA's Hollwood!Born in around 1992. Nollywood is the youngest compared with the other two “woods”, and uses new forms of financing and production, Now it's in adulthood. and bigger productions have become more regular. However. this was not always the case. Although movie theaters were rare in Nigeria during earlier period. original storieswere not. Despite lack of funds and experience. self-made directors began to use commercial video cameras to shoot their movies and sold them for home viewing. Even though this resulted in movies with low production value, the original stories instantly made them a hit. Today, the film industry is the largest employer after agriculture and makes up 5% of Nigeria's GDP.Nigeria is a big player in the industry and it is constantly improving its craft, taking on new challenges. Nollywood is known mainly for its comedies and dramas. but we are increasingly seeing horror movies and musicals.Although sometimes heavily criticized for low production values. Nollywood continues to grow fans worldwide. Nigerian movies now make up 11% of Nigeria's non-oil exports! The average movie is produced in 7-10 days on a budget between ￡7,000-12,000 (Hollywood's average is around ￡60 million per movie with one year production time).This is changing. however, as more filmmakers are receiving proper training and are aiming to make films up to the international standard.56. What is the advantage of Nollywood?A. Commercial support.B. Original stories.C. Dominant comedies.D. Fast production.57. Which of the following statements about “woods” is NOT true according to the passage?A. Bollywood produces more films than the other two “woods”.B. Nollywood is known as the youngest among the three “woods”.C. Hollywood' s budget for an average movie is much less than Nollywood's.D. It takes much less time to produce a Nollywood film than a Hollywood one.。

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2020届宝山区高三英语二模III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.As a child, what did youwant to be when yougrew up? If you werelike most children, you probablylet your imagination run 41 .Maybe you dreamed of flying intospace or being a famous chef. Then perhaps over the years,your dreams became more42 . Or you might have givenup on some altogether.If that's the case, then today's the day for you. January 13th is Make Your Dreams Come TrueDay. If you've been 43 fulfilling yourdreams, this is the day to make a fresh start.It'simportant to dream because dreams cangive us the 44 to succeed in life. Dreamsinspire and motivate us. The great thing aboutdreams is that there's no 45 to accomplishthem right away. They might take a few yearsor they might take a lifetime to 46 . Theimportant thing is that you're 47 workingtoward your dream. And the best way to do that isby setting goals.What is the 48 between a dream anda goal? It's been said that dreams are the finaldestination; goals are the stops along the way.Dreams can be very 49 . But the steps youtake to reach them should be very50 . Yourdreams state what you want, but goals explainhow you'll get there. That makes goal setting anecessary step in 51 your dreams.Many successful people have spoken aboutdreams. Former U.S. Secretary of State ColinPowell stressed the 52 of working for yourdreams. "A dream doesn't become reality throughmagic: it takes sweat, 53 and hardwork. "Author Les Brown reminded us that dreamshave no 54 limit. You are never too old to setanother goal or to dream a new dream.If you've been dreaming about doing somethingfor years, start today. Write down your dream, and 55 your goals. Then you'll be on your wayto making your dreams come true.41.A.fast B. high C. well D. wild42.A.colorful B. amazing C. realistic D.attractive43.A. putting off B. taking off C. getting off D.paying off44.A. opportunity B. direction C. energy D.access45.A. pressure B. doubt C. sense D. need46.A. seek B. achieve C. explain D. design47.A. really B. almost C. always D. hardly48.A. concept B. similarity C. comparison D. difference49.A. unreal B. general C. changeable D. flexible50.A. specific B. abstract C. common D. complicated51.A. imaging B. avoiding C. reaching D. believing52.A. process B. benefit C. consequence D. importance53.A. blood B. determination C. intelligence D. loyalty54.A. age B. extra C. space D. normal55.A. transfer B. convert C. establish D. devote参考答案：41－55 DCACA BCDBA CDBAC2020届崇明区高三英语二模III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.High school students who take music courses score significantly better on math, science and English exams than their non-musical peers, according to a new study published in the Journal of Educational Psychology.School administrators needing to cut budgets often look first to music courses, because the general belief is that students who devote time to music rather than math, science and English, will __41__ in those disciplines.“Our research proved this belief __42__ and found the more the students engage with music, the better they do in those subjects,” said UBC (University of British Columbia) education professor and the study’s principal investigator, Peter Gouzouasis. “The students who learned to play a musical instrument in elementary and __43__ playing in high school not only score significantly higher, but were about one academic year ahead of their non-music peers with regard to their English, mathematics and science skills, as measured by their exam grades,__44__ their socioeconomic background, race, previous learning in mathematics and English, and gender.”Gouzouasis and his team __45__ data from all students in public schools in British Columbia who finishedGrade 12 between 2012 and 2015. The data __46__, made up of more than 112,000 students, included those whocompleted at least one standardized exam for math, science and English. Students who studied at least one instrumental music course in the regular curriculum counted as students __47__ music.The researchers found the __48__ relationships between music education and academic achievement were more pronounced for those who took instrumental music rather than vocal (发声的) music. The findings suggest skills learned in instrumental music __49__ very broadly to thestudents’ learn ing in school.“Learning to play a musical instrument and playing in a band is very __50__ ,” said the study’s co-investigator Martin Guhn, an assistant professor in UBC’s school of population and public health. “A student has to learn to read musical notes, develop eye-hand-mind coordination (协调), develop keen listening skills, develop __51__ skills for playing in a band and develop discipline to practice. All those learning experiences, and more, play a role in __52__ the learner’s cognitive capacities (认知能力), executive functions, and motivation to learn in school.”The researchers hope that their findings will be brought to the __53__ of students, parents, teachers and administrative decision-makers in education, as many school districts over the years have emphasized mathematics and literacy __54__ other areas of learning, particularly music. “However, the amusing aspect is that __55__ education can be the very thing that improves all-around academic achievement,” said Gouzouasis.41. A. overbalance B. underperform C. overwork D. underplay42. A. fantastic B. strategic C. embarrassing D. wrong43. A. resisted B. delayed C. deserted D. continued44. A. thanks to B. in contrast to C. regardless of D. by means of45. A. examined B. published C. stored D. exchanged46. A. report B. sampleC. analysis D. center47. A. taking B. composing C. sharing D. performing48. A. casual B. symbolic C. predictive D. changeable49. A. transfer B. decline C. attach D. limit50. A. attractive B. distinct C. independent D. demanding51. A. lifeB. literacy C. team D. survival52. A. altering B. enhancing C. distracting D. labeling53. A. attention B. question C. edge D. glory54. A. in terms of B. as a result of C. in case of D. at the cost of55. A. healthB. music C. science D. school参考答案：41-55 BDDCABACADCBADB2020届奉贤区高三英语二模III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Making choices is hard. That would be why researcher Moran Cerf has (41) ______ it from his life. As a rule, he always chooses the second menu item at a restaurant.This is (42) ______ by his research in neuroeconomics(神经经济学) (a somewhat new, divisive field) at Northwestern University. As Business Insider describes, Cerf has extended his ideas--which draw on some controversial ideas in psychology, including ego depletion out--into a piece of advice that, to (43) ______ happiness, people should "build a life that requires (44) ______ decisions by surrounding themselves with people who possess traits they prefer.On an instinctive level, Cerf’s idea (45) ______: Many choices people make are the product of social pressures and the inputs of (46) ______ people around them. One example Cerf furnishes is that, (47) ______ consistently ordering the second menu item, he never picks where to eat. Rather, he (48) ______ his decision to his dining partner--which friend he plans to eat with, probably one he trusts--and always lets them pick.While it's (49) ______ what, if any, scientific principles underlie those pieces of advice, there is no shortage of research showing that choices can sometimes feel more (50) ______ than liberating. An example from Quanta poits(假设) : If you have a clear love of Snickers(士力架), choosing that over an Almond Joy(杏仁巧克力) or a Milky Way(牛奶巧克力) should be a (51) ______. And, as an experiment conducted by neuroscientist Paul Glimcher at NYU shows, most of the time it is, (52) _______ you introduce more choices. When the participants were offered three candy bars (Snickers, Milky Way, and Almond Joy) they had no problem picking their favorite, but when they were given the option of one among 20, including Snickers, they would sometimes drift away from their (53) ______. When the choices were taken away in later trials, the participants would wonder what caused them to make such a bad decision.As Quanta details, according to a model called "divisive normalization(分裂归一化), which has gained some popularity, the way the brain encodes choices has a lot to do with how it values all its options. So, if you have two things that are clearly (54) ______, brain areas involved in decision-making fire in a pattern that makes the decision clear. When the choices are comparable, the brain does its best to focus on the distinctions between the two, but more choices (55) ______ that ability out.41. A. relieved B. released C. eliminated D. liberated42. A. influenced B. inherited C. implemented D. informed43. A. maximize B. balance C. cherish D. seek44. A. safer B. fewer C. better D. sounder45. A. stands out B. comes into force C. makes sense D. plays a part46. A. distinguished B. trusted C. authorized D. honored47. A. in addition to B. instead of C. in spite of D. regardless of48. A. conveys B. relates C. submits D. limits49. A. evident B. unclear C. critical D. inevitable50. A. confusing B. inspiring C. worrying D. appealing51. A. stressor B. no-brainer C. challenge D. headache52. A. after B. before C. when D. until53. A. preference B. struggle C. status D. direction54. A. impressive B. insignificant C. unique D. distinct55. A. crowd B. figure C. sort D. put参考答案：41-55CDABC BADBA BDADA2020届虹口区高三英语二模Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.For years, life went something like this; We’d grow up in one place, head off to college, then find a city to live in for a few years to pursue a job or higher education. The end goal was to find somewhere to __41__ for the long trip, buy a house, make a few friends, start a family, and begin the whole __42__ all over again.But a new model for living is emerging; Some people are increasingly choosing to move from city to city throughout their entire lives, sometimes as __43__ as every month.Just ask Alex Chatzielefteriou, who has had a front -row seat watching this evolution __44__ and believes in the huge impact it is making or will make on the industry concerned. Six years ago, he __45__ a start-up which is now called Blue-ground that rents out beautiful - designed, __46__ apartments for a month at a time, at rates that are cheaper than hotels. Today, the company has 3,000 __47__ in six U. S. cities, along with Dubai, Istanbul, London, Paris, and Alex’s native Athens, and a staff of 400. The company just __48__ $50 million in Series B funding, bring its total investment to $78 million, to continue its repaid __49__. It hopes to have 50,000 estates in 50 cities over the next three years, and the goal is to make each one feel unique and comfortable, rather than __50__,like what you might find in a traditional hotel.Alex first came up with the idea for Blue-ground while he was working as a management consultant for McKinsey. “The __51__ of choice for consultants is the hotel,” he says. “I had tospend five years in a hotel room, __52__ in twelve different cities. I loved seeing the world, but I didn’t love feeling like I didn’t have a home.”As he spoke to his friends and coworkers, he realized that many people buried themselves in __53__ due to this drifting lifestyle that meant living gout of a suitcase in the same few non-descript hotel chains that all began to mix together rather than in the “home” full of their own memories.__54__, Alex found the hotels aren’t particularly cost-effective solution for companies, either. __55__, McKinsey sometimes paid $10,000 or more for him to stay in a major city for a month, which was far more expensive than local rents.Is this new living model something that will really take off? Or is it just another flash in the pan? Let’s wait and see.41. A. move out B. settle down C. look around D. show up42. A. style B. rhythm C. cycle D. trend43. A. rarely B. frequently C. occasionally D. unusually44. A. unfold B. recover C. improve D. shrink45. A. completed B. involved C. launched D. overtook46. A. fully-furnished B. poorly-equipped C. ideally-suited D. newly-decorated47. A. landmarks B. vacancies C. properties D. terminals48. A. deposited B. reserved C. granted D. obtained49. A. distribution B. expansion C. combination D. stimulation50. A. casual B. special C. normal D. irregular51. A. attendance B. residence C. destination D. accommodation52. A. wandering B. touring C. observing D. exploring53. A. threat B. guilt C. danger D. frustration54. A. Moreover B. Nevertheless C. Briefly D. Consequently55. A. In a sense B. In his case C. On the scene D. On his occasion 参考答案：41 - 45 DCBAC 46 - 50 ACDBC 51 - 55 DADAB2020届黄浦区高三英语二模III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Retailers(零售商) closed more than 9,000stores in 2019. Some people call what has happened to the shopping landscape “the retail (41) ______ .” It is easy to chalk it up to the rise of e-commerce, which has thrived while physical stores struggle. But this can be (42) ______. Online sales have grown tremendously in the last 20 years, but Internet shopping still represents only 11 percent of the entire retail sales total.Collectively, three major(43) ______ forces have had an even bigger impact on brick-and-mortar retail than the Internet has.To begin with,we have changed (44) ______ we shop —away from smaller stores like those in malls and toward stand-alone “Big Box” stores,which is a greater problem for most physical stores.Also, Rising income (45) ______ has left less of the nation’s money in the hands of the middle class, and the traditional retail stores that (46) ______ them have suffered. It is estimates that since 1970, the share of the na tion’s income earned by families in the middle class has fallen from almost two-thirds to around 40 percent. As the (47) ______ of income at the top rises, overall retail suffers simply because high-income people save a much larger share of their money. The government reports (48) ______ for different income levels in the official Consumer Expenditure Survey. In the latest data, people in the top 10 percent of income (49) ______ almost a third of their income after taxes. People in the middle of the income distribution spent 100 percent of their income. (50) ______, as the middle class has been squeezed and more has gone to the top, it has meant higher saving rates overall.Lastly, Wehave spent (51) ______ less of income on things and more on services. Since 1960, we went from spending 5 percent of our income on health to almost 18 percent, government statistics show. We spend more on education, entertainment, business services and all sorts of other products that aren’t(52) ______ in traditional retail stores.Economists debate theories of why we have (53) ______ to services and away from goods but no one questions that it has happened. It means that over time, retailers selling (54) ______ will have to run harder and harder just to stay in place.In short, the broad forces hitting retail are more a lesson in economics than in the power of (55) ______. It’s a lesson all retailers will have to learn someday.41.A.business B.disaster C.investment D.strategy42.A.advanced B.confirmed C.overstated D.undervalued43.A.economic B.legal C.physical D.political44.A.how B.what C.where D.why45.A.distribution B.inequality C.level D.tax46.A.aim at B.approve of pete with D.stem from47.A.concentration B.influence C.security D.sourcecation B.employment C.housing D.spending49.A.concealed B.donated C.earned D.saved50.A.Instead B.However C.Moreover D.Therefore51.A.cautiously B.intelligently C.proportionately D.prospectively52.A.available B.insufficient C.popular D.uncommon53.A.applied mitted C.shifted D.tied54.A.ideas B.patents C.services D.things55.A.consumption B.habit C.income D.technology参考答案：41-45:BCACB46-50:AADDD 51-55: CACDD2020届金山区高三英语二模e National Academy of Sciences.Some forests in four regions in California, Colorado, the Northern Rockies and the southwestern part of the United States have crossed “a(n) 44 climate tipping(转折) point for post-fire tree generation,” the study says.Climate conditions over the past 20 years have 45 changes that would have taken decades or even centuries to 46 across broad regions of the country. This is leading to the sudden47 of trees and making these lands increasingly unsuitable for tree regeneration.“Climate change is 48 our forests now, not just in some distant future. Maybe in areas where there are really 49 seed sources, there could be some trees, but it is becoming really hard to get these trees back due to climate change,”said study co-author Kim Davis.The problem probably won’t get any better, as climate change is making intense wildfires much more 50. Western foresters say there used to be a fire season. But devastating and 51 fires have become a reality all year long. In 2018, fire cost California more than $9.05 billion, according to the USA insurance commissioner, the deadliest and most destructive wildfire season in the 52 history.A higher number of fires and low seed availability means a high probability that these trees in these regio ns won’t come back, Davis said. This study 53 on the driest and hottest areas of the Western forests, but researchers will next try to focus on how much will be impacted.54, there are some things people can do to ease some of this problem. Forest management plans that reduce high-severity burns can help. Increasingly, forest managers are considering allowing some fires to burn under more moderate conditions, Davis said. Forest 55can also replant trees after fire, at least in the areas where climate conditions will allow.41. A. convenient B. difficult C. encouraging D. frustrating42. A. ecologically B. apparently C. physically D. financially43. A. destroyed B. worsened C. extended D. established44. A. necessary B. enormous C. critical D. invisible45. A. accelerated B. delayed C. eliminated D. strengthened46. A. transform B. spread C. preserve D. escape47. A. extinction B. decline C. tragedy D. increase48. A. sustaining B. abandoning C. facilitating D. endangering49. A. sufficient B. limited C. moderate D. approximate50. A. occasional B. common C. essential D. temporary51. A. astonishing B. hopeless C. costly D. irreversible52. A. world B. state C. human D. forest53. A. concentrated B. depended C. insisted D. commented54. A. As a result B. For example C. In fact D. What’s more55. A. savers B. managers C. researchers D. advocates参考答案：41-55: BABCA BBDAB CBACB2020届闵行区高三英语二模ng passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank withthe word or phrase that best fits the context.The term “staycation”means vacations that you take at home or near your home rather than traveling to another place. It isclosely connected with less pollution, saving money and notcontributing to the overwhelming disorder that takes place in some of the world's most touristic areas.The concept of staycation was born at the time of the 2008 market 41 inthe United States.Because of it, many households were forced to 42 their expenses and consequently limittheir vacation budget. The shortage of money to travel abroad is at the origin of why many people started to (re) discover their most43 surroundings.At the same time, awareness of the 44 impacts of tourism, especially on what concerns the impacts of transportation, started to increase too. And so did the perception that some of the main cities (abroad) are increasingly overloaded with people-- with places such as Barcelona, Venice, or the Seychelles planning on45a tourist cap.Staycation appears like a great solution for the46 above mentioned. It is a great way of spending joyful vacations while helping one's 47 and the environment. 48 , staying close to home eliminates the budget for accommodation and transport.Apart from the financial 49 gained by leaving behind expensive plane tickets or by not booking hotel rooms that aren't cheap, staycation also has the benefit of keeping harmful50 in the ground. Cars, boats, and planes are not (or are less) used; 51 , other means of transport such as public transport, bicycles, electric scooters or just walking are favored.This allows people's carbon footprints not to 52 as much as they would if long distances had been traveled.A staycation is a form of alternative tourism that is fully in line with the slow tourism trend. Slow tourism invites you to live in the53 moment. It encourages you to take your time, discover nearby landscapes, reconnect and spend more time outdoors in nature with the people you enjoy, There are no fully-booked days, and there is no54to go from oneactivity to another just to stay busy all the time.Given the multiple 55 of local tourism, you no longer have a reason to be embarrassed at the coffee machine at work when you are asked where you are going on vacation this year.41. A. value B. sector C. crisis D. shares42. A. restrict B. bear C. avoid D. meet43. A. cheerful B. immediate C. polluted D. attractive44. A. limited B. financial C. cultural D. environmental45. A. introducing B. stopping C. postponing D. raising46. A. challenges B. assessment C. tasks D. applications47. A. voyage B. mind C. pocket D. hometown48. A. In addition B. For example C. In fact D. On the contrary49. A. services B. advice C. resources D. savings50. A. emissions B. exposure C. vehicles D. strategies51. A. therefore B. instead C. however D. moreover52. A. last B. fall C. increase D. change53. A. historic B. present C. critical D. climatic54. A. good B. harm C. blame D. rush55. A. advantages B. challenges C. platforms D. themes参考答案：CABDAACCDABCBDA2020届浦东新区高三英语二模Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Communication, One Major Part of the Scientific Method Scientists may feel it their duty to share their guesses, methods, and findings with the rest of the scientific community.This sharing serves two __41__. First, it supports the basic deal of skepticism（怀疑论）by making it possible for others to say, “Oh, yeah? Let me check that.”It tells others where to see what the scientist saw, and what techniques and tools to use. Second, it gets the word out so that others can use what has been discovered. This is essential because science is a(n) __42__ efforts. People who work thousands of miles apart build with and upon each other’s discoveries.The communication of science begins with “peer review”, a process of __43__ an author’s scholarly work, research or ideas to the inspection of other experts. It typically has three stages. The first occurs when a scientists seeks funding - from government agencies, foundations, or other __44__ -- to carry out a research program. He or she must prepare a report describing the intended work, laying out background, hypotheses（假设）, planned experiments, expected results, and eventhe __45__ impacts on other fields. Committees of other scientists then __46__ the report to see whether the scientist knows his or her area, has the necessary abilities, and is realistic in his or her plans.Once the scientist has the needed __47__, has done the work, and has written a report of the results, that reports will go to a scientific journal. Before publishing the report, the journal’s editors will show it to other workers in the same or __48__ fields and ask whether the work was done adequately, the conclusion are justified, and the report should be published.The third stage of peer review happens are publication, when the broader scientific community gets to see and __49__ the work.This three-stage quality-control process can, of course, be faulty. Any scientist with independent wealth can __50__ the first stage quite easily but such scientists are much, much rarer today than they were a century or so ago. Those who remain are the object of envy. __51__ , it is fair to say that they are not disapproved as were those who avoid the latter two stages of the “peer review” mechanisms by using press conferences.On the other hand, it is certainly possible for the standard peer review mechanisms to __52__. By their nature, these mechanisms are more likely to __53__ ideas that are not different from what the reviewers think they already know. Yet the un-traditional or unconventional ideas are not __54__ wrong, as Alfred Wegener proved when he tried to gain __55__ for the idea of continental drift in the early twentieth century. It was not until the 1960s that most geologists accepted his ideas as genuine insights.41. A. purposes B. duties C. interests D. needs42. A. innovative B. prospective C. cooperative D. plain43. A. accustoming B. addicting C. restricting D. subjecting44. A. projects B. sources C. unions D. departments45. A. stronger B. more limited C. moredramatic broader46. A. Look up B. go over C. long for D.. call for47. A. funds B. fields C. impacts D. experiments48. A. different B. chosen C. related D. academic49. A. substitute B. create C. judge D. undertake50. A. reach B. mark C. hold D. skip51. A. Similarly B. Contrarily C. Surely D. Therefore52. A. fail B. function C. evolve D. work53. A. convey B. overlook C. reject D. approve54. A. necessarily B. particularly C. dramatically D. terribly55. A. confidence B. acceptance C. strength D. weight参考答案：41-55 ACDBD BACCD CADAB2020届松江区高三英语二模Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.An artificialintelligence can accurately translate thoughts into sentences, at least for a limited vocabulary of 250 words. The system may bring usa step closer to ___41____ speech topeople who have lost the ability.Joseph Makin at theUniversity of California, San Francisco, and his colleagues used deep learningalgorithms(算法) to study the brain ___42___ of four women as they spoke. Thewomen, who all suffer from a certain kind of brain disorder, already had electrodes attached to theirbrains to monitor disease attacks.Each woman was askedto read aloud from a set of sentences as the team ___43___ brain activity. Thelargest group of sentences ___44___ 250 unique words.The team fed thisbrain activity to a network algorithm related to nerves, training it to ___45___ regularly occurring patterns that could be linked to repeated aspectsof speech. These patterns were then fedto a second network, which tried to turn them into words to ____46____ a sentence.。