机械手毕业设计论文简易小型直角坐标机械手设计

摘要

在当今大规模的制造业中，企业为提高生产效率，保障产品质量，普遍重视生产过程的自动化程度，工业机械手作为自动化生产线上的重要成员，逐渐被企业认同并采用。工业机械手的技术水平和应用程度在一定程度上反映了一个国家的工业自动化水平。目前，工业机器人主要承担着焊接、喷涂、搬运以及堆垛等重要性并且劳动强度极大的工作，工作方式一般采取试教在线的方式。

本文通过分析现代机械手的作用，发展简史，组成（包括执行机构，驱动机构，控制系统），全面详尽地讨论了直角坐标机械手的手部，腕部，手臂以及机身等主要部件的结构设计，其中包括机械部分的零部件，比如滚珠丝杠，联轴器，单轴驱动器的使用条件，种类选型，设计基本要求，优点特点分析，结构设计，基本参数的选定，计算与校核，以及安全性的分析。还有控制部分的各电机的马达型号，种类，简介，控制步骤分析，部分控制程序的编写，运行特性分析，基本参数的计算和校核。

最终实现的目标包括：实现步进电机的开环控制，通过手臂的执行机构实现空间任意位置的抓取，实现手部快速，有效的抓取物体，有良好的传感和限位功能使每个自由度上的运停快速，准确。做到尽量体积小，重量轻，功耗低，维护方便，外形美观，动作灵敏，传动平稳，程序简洁，运行误差小等优点。

关键词：机械手，滚珠丝杠，单轴驱动器，步进电机，手臂，手部，直角坐标

The design of the Cartesian coordinate manipulator

ABSTRACT

In today's large-scale manufacturing, the enterprise to improve production efficiency and ensure product quality, universal attention production process automation degree, manipulator as an important member of automatic production line, gradually by enterprise and the use of identity. Industrial robot technology level and application degree to a certain extent reflect a nation of industrial automation level. Currently, the manipulator main bear the welding, painting, handling and storage, and the intensity of labor great importance of the work, work way to try to teach the general way online.

This article elaborates the structure design of the major parts of the Cartesian coordinate manipulator, such as hand, wrist, arm and the machine body. In which includes designing the components of the mechanical part. Such as ball screws, coupling, single axis actuator, mainly describing the use condition, type selection, basic requirement of design, analysis of the strong point, characteristic, calculate and proofread the basic parameter, analysis of security. Besides, it also includes designing of the control part. Such as the motor model, kind, brief introduction, analysis of the control steps, compile control

procedure partly, analysis of the motion characteristic, designate, calculate and proofread the basic parameter.

The target which should be terminally realize including: achieving the open loop control of the step motor, achieving grabbing object in space arbitrarily position by the actuator of the arm. Realizing grabbing object by hand quickly, effectively. Possessing the good function of sense and limiting position, which makes the motion and stop quickly and precisely. Realizing the merits including small volume, light weight, low power dissipation, easy maintenance, beautiful appearance, sensitive action, smooth transmission, succinct procedure, operation in small error. Key words: manipulator, ball screws, single axis actuator, step motor, arm, hand, Cartesian coordinate