非谓语动词讲解练习

非谓语动词专项

在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动

词分为三种形式：动词不定式、分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）和动名词。

一、动词不定式

【要点点拨】动词不定式表现为两种形式：to do 或do，在句中可作：

1、主语：To build the bridge needs much money.

一般用It作形式主语放在句首，把不定式短语放于句末。

any difference whether you go today or tomorrow.

It doesn’t make

2、表语：Their task is to build a railway in a year.

3、宾语：The child pretended to be sleeping / asleep when I came back home.

注意：当不定式作宾语，其后接补语时，我们常用it 作形式宾语，把不定

式宾语放于补语之后。

We think it possible to finish the work in a week.

4、定语：表示一个未发生的动作，放于被修饰的名词之后。

The building to be built will be used as a hospital.

5、状语：1）目的状语：常见形式有：to…. / in order to…. / so as to….

We got up early in order to catch the first bus.

2）结果状语：常见形式有：too…. to… / so….as to…. / only to…．

Would you be so kind as to help me with my English?

He returned home 15 years later, only to find his house burnt down.

6、补语：1）宾补：He asked me to do work with him.

2）主补：She was often heard to sing the song while doing housework.

7、独立结构，在句中作插入语。常用的有：to tell the truth , to be frank , to make

things worse…

二、分词：

【要点点拨】分词可分为：现在分词和过去分词两类。

现在分词: 现在分词和现在分词短语在句中可作：

1、定语：单个的现在分词作定语一般放于被修饰的名词前，现在分词短语作定

语应放被修饰的名词后，现在分词及现在分词短语作定语时均可以发展

为一个定语从句。

The girl reading over there (The girl who was reading over there) soon fell

asleep.

2、状语：现在分词作状语可分为：一般式(doing)：表示分词动作与谓语动作同

时发生；完成式(having done)：表示分词动作发生于谓语动作之前。

The old man passed away, leaving a lot of debts unpaid.

Having finished (After he had finished) his exercises, he went to play

basketball.

3、补语：现在分词作宾语补语，表示宾语的一个正在进行的动作，用于一些常

见句型中:

see / hear / feel / notice / have / catch / leave / set / send…. sb. doing

The salesman caught the thief stealing in the shop.

4、表语：现在分词作表语，表示主语的特点，可以看作形容词，是形容词化的

现在分词。

The film was very interesting.

5、独立结构：现在分词短语作独立结构时，是固定说法，不以主动、被动去分

析。常见的有：generally speaking, judging from/by, considering…

Generally speaking, he is quite skillful at playing table tennis.

过去分词：过去分词和过去分词短语在句中可作：

1、定语：单一的过去分词作定语一般放于被修饰的名词前，过去分词短语作定

语放于被修饰的名词后，过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以发展为

一个定语从句。

The broken window (The window which was broken) will be replaced soon.

The books bought yesterday ( which were bought yesterday) are of high

quality.

过去分词短语作定语有三种时态：done…．：表示动作已发生；to be done：

表示动作将要发生；being done：表示动作正在发生。对比以下三句：

The bridge built last year (which was built last year) is very beautiful.

The bridge to be built next month (which will be built next month) will be

very long.

The bridge being built (which is being built) will be completed next month.

2、状语：过去分词短语作状语可分为：一般式(done)：表示分词动作与谓语动

作同时发生或分词动作发生于谓语动作前；完成式(having been done)：强调

分词动作发生于谓语动作之前。

Scolded ( As she was scolded) by the teacher, the girl sat there without lifting her head.

Having been kept (As he had been kept) in prison for many years, he went mad.

3、补语：过去分词作宾语补语，表示宾语与补语存在被动关系，且常用于have

等句型中。

something done / get something done / make oneself done …．

e.g. Yesterday he had his watch fixed at the watch-maker’s.

4、表语：过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态，且该状态通常是由外界因素引起

的。这时过去分词可以被看作一个形容词，是形容词化的过去分词。

e.g. I’m interested in reading novels written by Jin Yong.

注：分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语，如果分词的逻辑主语并

不是主句的主语，而另有其逻辑主语，则应在分词前补上其逻辑主语，

构成独立主格结构。独立主格结构相当于一个状语从句。

e.g. The baby sleeping (As the baby was sleeping)in the room, we dared not turn

up the TV.

三、动名词

【要点点拨】动名词是由动词后+ing的形式构成的，与动词的现在分词同形。

它保留了动词的特征，即：它可以带自己的宾语和状语，又具有名

词的特征。

1、主语：Studying English well is no easy job.

注意：1)在下面一些结构中，常用it作形式主语，将用作真实主语的动名词

放于句末。

It is no use / no good / useless / nice / good / fun / interesting ….+ doing sth.

It’s good hearing Chinese, my mother tongue, spoken here.

2)动词不定式作主语和动名词作主语的区别：动词不定式作主语表示

一个具体的动作，而动名词作主语则表示一个抽象的、一般的概念。

Reading English in the morning is of great use for students.

To read this English book will take much time.