科技英语翻译课程练习三

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《科技英语翻译》课程练习二

《科技英语翻译》课程练习二

《科技英语翻译》课程练习二答案一、翻译以下专用词汇cap帽子—轴承盖,罩壳shoe鞋—闸瓦,履带片cup杯子—皮碗,轴套bed床—底座,机座身house房子—箱体,罩disk唱片—研磨盘desk书桌—控制屏table桌子—放料盘eye眼—孔环ear耳—吊钩mouth口—开度nose鼻—喷嘴hand手—手柄,指针finger手指—厚薄规foot脚—支座head头—冒口,刀架neck颈—座body身体—机身hair头发―游丝phase 土壤学:分段物理系:相电工学:相位数学:位相动物学:型天文学:周相军事学:战斗阶段resistance 力学:阻力电学:电阻机械学:耐受性、强度二、翻译以下名词化结构1) All substances will permit the passage of some electric current, provided the potential difference is high enough.译文:只要有足够的电位差,电流便可通过任何物体。

2) The rusting of metals is accompanied by increase in weight and by absorption of material from air.译文:金属生锈时常吸收了空气中的物质而增加了重量。

3) Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves.译文:电视是通过无线电波发射和接收各种活动物体的图像。

4) The absence of an electron from a silicon atom can be thought of as a hole.译文:硅原子中缺少一个电子,可以看成是一个空穴。

5) The superiority of radar to ordinary vision lies in the greater distances at which seeing is possible with radar.译文:雷达相对于普通视力的优势在于利用雷达所能看清的距离比较远。

科技英语翻译与写作---教学大纲

科技英语翻译与写作---教学大纲

《科技英语翻译与写作》课程教学大纲课程代码:050442014课程英文名称:English for Science and Technology Translation课程总学时:16 讲课:16 实验:0 上机:0适用专业:无机非金属材料工程专业大纲编写(修订)时间:2017.10一、大纲使用说明(一)课程的地位及教学目标本课程是无机非金属材料工程专业的一门选修课。

学生在学完一般的英语学习和进行了基本的翻译实践之后,进一步了解科技英语的特点;掌握科技英语翻译的基本理论、方法、和技巧;拓宽对各领域科技知识和对英语科技材料的阅读理解,扩大科技英语词汇量的同时,学习科技翻译的翻译方法;培养学生翻译科技英语材料的基本素质,力求翻译准确,语言通顺,达到能够利用工具书翻译一般性的科技文章。

译文要求基本通顺、达意,符合科技语言的要求,无翻译错误。

(二)知识、能力及技能方面的基本要求根据教材内容安排,教学上从词、句翻译到篇章翻译,循序渐进,注重翻译基本功的训练;同时兼顾不同科技领域的专业词汇的掌握和帮助学生理解科技原理。

另外,加强英语语言基本功的训练,尤其是句法分析,因为在科技英语长句多,通过句法分析巩固学生的语言知识,促进理解,提高翻译技能。

教学中采用多媒体教学,可以方便快捷的把英语原文和翻译结果展示出来,以便讨论和纠正。

(三)实施说明1.教学方法:课堂讲授中要重点对基本概念、基本方法和解题思路的讲解;采用启发式教学,培养学生思考问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力;引导和鼓励学生通过实践和自学获取知识,培养学生的自学能力;增加讨论课,调动学生学习的主观能动性。

讲课要联系实际并注重培养学生的创新能力。

2.教学手段:在教学中采用电子教案、CAI课件及多媒体教学系统等先进教学手段,以确保在有限的学时内,全面、高质量地完成课程教学任务。

(四)对先修课的要求本课程的教学必须在完成先修课程之后进行。

本课程主要的先修课程有大学英语。

科技英语翻译课后练习答案

科技英语翻译课后练习答案
科技英语翻译课后练习答案
目录1
第1章 概论 1、翻译的标准 2、对译者的要求 3、科技英语文体的特点 4、翻译的一般方法
第2章 词的翻译 1、词义的选择 2、词义的引申 3、词类的转换 4、词的增译 5、词的省译 6、重复法
第3章 名词和冠词的翻译 1、名词的译法 2、冠词的译法 3、总复习题
第4章 代词的翻译 1、代词的一般译法 2、人称代词的译法 3、形容词性物主代词的译法 4、指示代词的译法 5、不定代词的译法 6、it及其句型的译法 7、总复习题
2.2 词义的引申
1. 技术性引申 2. 修辞性引申 3. 具体化引申 4. 抽象化引申
人们发现钻孔速度与工具所受的净压力成正比。
2. Scientists are constantly striving to find fast and convenient way of obtaining quantitative data.
科学家们总是力求找到快速而简便的方法获得定量数据。
3. To find the area of a square or oblong, you merely multiply its length by its width.
立体角 整体轴承 固体 实线 钻头
单色 实心曲轴 赤金 体积 固态电路 无气喷射 润滑脂,固体润滑剂 磁极
第1节 翻译练习4
apron (n.): ► 机械行业 ► 造船业 ► 建筑业 ► 地质 ► 运输业 ► 航空业 ► 军事
护床 船头护船木 护墙,挡板 冰川前的沙砾层 (皮带)运输机
停机坪 (炮的)口罩,伪装天幕
制造过程可以分为单件生产和大量生产。前者指的是生产少 量的零件,后者则是指生产大量相同的零件。(分译)

科技英语阅读与翻译

科技英语阅读与翻译

翻译的定义
The employees complained that the supervisor always took notice of the least mistakes they made, and 词语和结构 对等词语和结构: 寻找对等词语和结构:简单语句的译文虽 然生硬, 然生硬,但基本可读
1. 她来得正是时候。 2. 她的丈夫去世至今不过半年。 3. 我认为那篇讲话口气强硬,大可不必。 4. 马其顿之争同希腊也有关系。 5. 英国人同其他民族一样,也有丰富的感情。 6. 从物理学的观点来看,不同的波长有多少种, 颜色就有多少种。
运用另一种语言的适当方式来表达一种 语言所表达的内容
古代翻译定义
译即易,谓换易言语使相解也。 ----唐朝(618-907)贾公彦《义疏》
夫翻译者,谓翻梵天之语转成汉地之言。 音虽似别,义则大同。 ---宋代(960-1279)法云(10881158)在其所编《翻译名义集》
源出语(the source language) 目的语(the target language)或接受语(the receptor language) 意义保持或大抵保持不变 to translate is “ to change into another language, retaining the sense” ---Dr. 1709---Dr. Samuel Johnson, 1709-1784

忠实首先指忠实于原作的内容。译者必须把原 作的内容完整而准确的表达出来,不得有任何 篡改、歪曲、遗漏、任意增删的现象。 忠实还指保持原作风格,即原作的民族风格、 时代风格、语体风格、作者个人风格等。
Jane does not work hard because she wants to earn money. 误译:因为简想赚钱,所以才不下力。 推荐:简并不是因为想赚钱才下力干的。

科技英语翻译课程练习三

科技英语翻译课程练习三

科技英语翻译课程练习三《科技英语翻译》课程练习三答案⼀、词义选择⼆、词义引申1. 具体化引申1) High-speed grinding does not know this disadvantage.译⽂:⾼速磨削不存在此不⾜。

2) The casting takes both the size and the shape of mould.译⽂:铸件的体积和形状随铸型⽽异。

3) Alloy belongs to a half-way house between mixtures and compounds.译⽂:合⾦是介于混合物和化合物之间的⼀种中间结构。

4) This new crucible furnace is a fuel-efficient model.译⽂:这种新型坩锅炉是节油型锅炉。

5) This shows that a vacuum, which is the absence of matter, cannot transmit sound.译⽂:这表明真空,即没有空⽓的状态下,不能传播声⾳。

6) The bridge was so well built that it lasted for a hundred years.译⽂:这座桥建造⾮常牢固,已使⽤了百年。

2. 抽象化引申1) They reach their programmed positions within a few seconds of each other anddetonate. Anything nearby is a goner.译⽂:导弹相继以⼏秒之差到达程序制导⽬标引爆。

附近的⼀切顷刻覆灭。

(原⽂中的goner,本义是“⽆可挽救的⼈(或物)”,意义很具体,但如果按照这种直译则⽂理不通,因此基于goner的内涵及联想意义,作抽象化引申为“顷刻覆灭”。

)2) The major contributors in component technology have been in the semi —conductors.译⽂:元件技术中起主要作⽤的是半导体元件。

科技英语翻译

科技英语翻译

12. Sometimes a scientist observes an object and its features, for example a star or a bird; sometimes he observes an event, which is something that happens at a particular time.
一种燃料燃烧的速度有多快,取决于它与氧气或空气混合的均 匀程度。 这就是线圈常被叫做电感器的原因。
16. This is why a coil is often referred to as an inductor.
第3节 翻译练习2
1. Practically all of the useful properties of materials are strongly dependent on their internal structure. 2. 几乎材料的一切有用特性都与其内部的结构有密切的关系。 The metal casts well. 3. 这种金属有良好的铸造性能。 A wire for conducting electric current is covered with plastic; the plastic is insulation round the wire.
《电子化工商务》目前主要提供两个层次的有关化学、塑料和 能源电子商务的在线商务信息服务。
这些概念常常夸大了机器人与人类在形体和行为方面的相似之 处。
10. Aluminum remained an expensive rarity till the discovery of the electrolytic process for reducing aluminum in 1886.

科技英语翻译

科技英语翻译



3. The actuator is very small and light. It can be used for incorporation in the space of the safety device. The small size and light weight of the actuator makes it suitable for incorporation in the space available in the safety device.
(3) The abundant use of Non-finite verb 科技文章要求行文简练,结构紧凑,为此,往往使用分词短 语代替定语从句或状语从句;使用分词独立结构代替状语从句 或并列分句;使用不定式短语代替各种从句;介词十动名词短 语代替定语从句或状语从句。这样可缩短句子,又比较醒目。
2) lexical features of EST and the techniques of translation
3) sentence features of EST and the techniques of translation
4) discourse features of EST and the techniques of translation 课程的重点是科技英语文体的词汇和语篇特征。难点是科技 英语的翻译技巧。
A Practical Course on EST Translation
Questions: 1. What are the features of EST?
2. How to deal with the conflict between fidelity and fluency in EST translation? 3. What are the techniques of EST translation?

科技英语课文翻译及答案课后答案和译文

科技英语课文翻译及答案课后答案和译文

科技英语考试题型与分值Part I Match the words with their definition. Fill the number of the word in the bracket. (5%) 10个小题,每题0.5分。

Part II Translate English phrases to Chinese or Chinese ones to English.(30%)30个小题,每题1分。

1-20英译汉,21-30汉译英。

Part III. Translate the following sentences. (40%)10个句子,每个句子4分。

1-5英译汉,6-10汉译英。

Part IV. Reading comprehension (25%)A. Answer the following questions according to the articles in the textbook.(15%)5个问题,每题3分。

B.Choose the best answer from the four choices given. (10%)5个选择题,每题2分。

Unit 1 练习答案及课文译文Part 2 Reading AI1 F2 T3F 4T5T 6.F 7.T 8.T 9.F 10.TII1. Reducing the time and cost of product development and production.2. The product cycle is composed of two main processes:the design process and the manufacturing process.3. The activities involved in the design process can be classified largely as two types:synthesis and analysis.4. Rapid prototyping is becoming popular because this technology enables the construction of a prototype by deposition layers from the bottom to the top.5. This includes the preparation of drawings,reports,and bills of materials.III1.d2.e3.b4.j5.i6.c7.f8.h9.g 10.aIV1.处理速度2.用户友好的交互图形3. 产品周期4. 设计规格5. 设计评价6.CAD7.CAM8.CAE9.design process 10.production processV1. 除非能以较低的价格提供更好的质量及更短的交货时间提供新产品,否则任何企业都无法在当今的国际竞争中立足。

1翻译技巧例子

1翻译技巧例子

翻译技巧例子1.A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial.从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。

2.“Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch.“来啦!”她转身蹦着跳着地跑了,越过草地,跑上小径,跨上台阶,穿过凉台,进了门廊。

3.Yachtsmen vying for the America’s Cup practiced their maneuvers in dead earnest.争夺美洲杯的赛艇运动员都拼命认真地演习技巧。

4. The poet had an ardent yearning for the supernatural. 诗人憧憬超自然的东西。

5. The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。

6. Sugar is soluble in water. 糖溶于水中。

7. Oxygen is one of the important elements in the physical world. It is very active chemically. 氧是物质世界的重要元素之一。

它的化学性很活泼。

8. The Wilde family were religious.王尔德全家都是虔诚的教徒。

9. 我们决不满足于现有的成就。

We are not conten t with our present achievements.10. 绝对不许违反这个原则。

科技英语翻译教案(学生版)

科技英语翻译教案(学生版)

科技英语翻译科技英语常用句型的翻译1. 表示假设、前提之类的句子(1)Let △ABC be an angle of 90.(2)Suppose that a ray of light is directed from below the surface in Fig.41-1.(3)In Fig.1-3, assume that the weight of the members is negligible.Given that …Provided /providing that …Consider that …Refer to …Take … for granted2. 表示方程运算的说明文字的翻译GivenFind / Determine … to be obtained Procedure / SolutionDerive Neglect … / … can be negligible… can / could be written (as) …Where …(1)Given: The cantilever truss shown in Fig.5.Find: The external relations and internal forces in members L1 and L2.Procedure: The roller support provides only horizontal support; the other provides a vertical and horizontal support, as shown below in the free-body diagram 6.(2)Draw a free-body diagram of portions AB and BC. Neglect the weight of the members. (3)There is an equivalence between mass and energy that was first expressed by Albert Einstein:E = mcwhere m is the mass of an object, c is the speed of light, and E is the energy of the object.3. 单位的换算(1)温度(2)长度与重量三、机器设备常用说明文字翻译举例上、下:左、右:向前、向后:顺时针:逆时针:手动、自动:预选:预置:遥控(开关):(电流)导通、断路:启动、停车:开、关:入口、出口:点火:电源:信号灯:报警:通气塞:接地:自动送进:纵向、横向:自动定尺寸:调整皮带时箭头朝上:装配时对准记号:每月加润滑油一次:此盖打开前切断电源:警告:戴防护眼镜:高压危险:注意:如果仪器准备长期不用或电池已用完时应将电池取出:冠词一、冠词的一般用法Iron is a metal.A magnet in a magnetic field will be subject to a force.If a voltage is applied across the terminals of a closed circuit, a current will flow in the circuit.A magnet has an S pole and an N pole.An 18-volt battery must be used here.二、冠词的翻译方法A computer consists of several units.An example follows.Here, X is a variable.The proof of the theorem is very complicated.连词一、并列连词and1. and词义的判断方法(1)当and连接两个名词或两个短语时,一般译为“和”、“与”、“并且”等。

科技英语

科技英语
所有的变压器和电机都使用磁性材料。
3. All the shafts were cut from heavy planks of wood.
箭杆都是用厚木板削制而成的。
4. Almost all who die of AIDS actually die of starvation.
几乎所有丧命爱滋病的患者都是死于饥饿。
加热半导体就会增加其导电率。
2. Triangles can be classified according to their angles or the relative lengths of their sides.
三角形可按照其角度或其相对边长来分类。
3. According to their composition, these raw materials may be separated into three groups.
晶体管优于真空管,因为它尺寸小、重量轻。
3. The transformer cannot be called a machine because of its having no moving parts.
变压器不能称为机器,因为它没有转动的部件。
Chapter Four Translation of Pronoun
根据这些原材料的构成成分,它们可以分为三种类型。
4. The brain has its managing system.
大脑有自己的管理系统。
Chapter Four Translation of Pronoun
4.4 指示代词的译法
1. this, that, these和those的译法: (1)直译、还原 (第4节 翻译练习1) (2)代指前面的句子 (第4节 翻译练习2) 2. such和some的译法: (1)such的译法 (第4节 翻译练习3) (2)the same的译法 (第4节 翻译练习4) 3. 指示代词的省略 (第4节 翻译练习5)

《科技英语翻译》课程练习一

《科技英语翻译》课程练习一

《科技英语翻译》课程练习一《科技英语翻译》课程练习一答案一、翻译以下句子,注意其中定语成分的处理1) For two forces to cancel, they must act on the same object.译文:为了使两个力能相互抵消,它们必须作用在同一物体上。

2) This charged particle is small enough to be considered asa point.译文:这个带电粒子小到可以被看成一个点。

3) Doubling the volume means halving the pressure.译文:使体积加倍,意味着使压力减半。

4) On integrating this equation, we obtain a formula whereby the exponent of the cosine factor is unchanged.译文:对这个方程积分后,我们得到了一个公式,根据这个公式,余弦因子的指数并不改变。

5) The acceleration of a body is directly proportional to the force acting and is inversely proportionalto the mass of the body.译文:物体的加速度正比于作用力而反比于物体的质量。

6) The energy required to effect the successive accelerations and move an electron from one pointto another is called the electric potential difference.译文:为了引起不断的加速而使电子从一点运动到另一点所需的能量,称为该两点间的电位差。

二、翻译以下句子,注意翻译的标准1) The power plant is the heart of a ship.译文:动力装置是船舶的心脏。

科技英语考试

科技英语考试

第一题:填空1 科技英语的翻译标准是:准确规范,通顺易懂,简洁明晰2 科技英语的文体的特点:无人称句多,被动语态多,专业名词术语多,非谓语动词多,长句子多。

3 科英翻译的方法:直译与意译,合译与分译,增译与省译,顺译与倒译。

第二题:根据上下文选择词义翻译句子(develop)1 Packaged software is developed to serve the specific needs of one user.软件包的开发只是为某一用户的特定需要服务2 Noises may develop in a worn engine.磨损了的引擎里可能会产生各种噪音。

3 Shorts frequently develop when insulation is worn.绝缘被磨坏时往往会发生短路。

4 Sure enough,80 percent of the plants developed the disease.果然,80%的庄稼都染上了这种病。

5 Other isolation methods are being developed.目前正在研究其他隔离方法。

6 In developing the design, we must consider the feasibility of processing.在进行设计时,必须考虑加工的可能性。

7 After the war much of this knowledge was poured into the developing of the computers..战后,这项知识大量地应用于研制计算机。

8 They cited cases of identical twins reared in different homes who developed very different characteristics despite identical heredity.他们列举了一些这样的事例:在不同的家庭抚养的一对双胞胎尽管遗传特征完全相同,但会显示出完全不同的个性。

江苏专转本英语翻译练习题

江苏专转本英语翻译练习题

江苏专转本英语翻译练习题一、英译汉练习1. The novel is a fictional narrative that tells the story ofa young woman's journey to self-discovery and independence.2. Despite the heavy rain, the marathon runners continued to push forward, demonstrating their perseverance and determination.3. The environmentalist argued that sustainable developmentis crucial for the long-term health of our planet.4. The rapid advancement of technology has significantly changed the way we communicate and interact with each other.二、汉译英练习1. 随着全球化的不断深入,跨国公司在国际市场上扮演着越来越重要的角色。

2. 教育不仅仅是学习知识,更重要的是培养独立思考和解决问题的能力。

3. 科技创新是推动社会进步的关键因素,它能够带来新的机遇和挑战。

4. 环境保护已经成为全球关注的焦点,各国政府都在采取措施减少污染和保护自然资源。

三、段落翻译练习英译汉:The concept of "work-life balance" has gained popularity in recent years, reflecting a shift in societal attitudestowards the importance of personal well-being and mental health. Many companies have started to implement flexible working hours and remote work options to accommodate theneeds of their employees, allowing them to better balancetheir professional and personal lives.汉译英:随着互联网技术的飞速发展,电子商务已经成为现代商业活动的重要组成部分。

科技英语翻译-期中练习

科技英语翻译-期中练习
Translation of English for Scientific and Social Purposes
Lesson 6
Task for Group 6
• 中设江苏机械设备进出口(集团)公司创建于1978年,是 中国机械设备进出口集团的主要成员之一。 • Original version: China Jiangsu Machinery & Equipment Imp. & Exp. (Group) Corporation (SUMEC) founded in 1978 is a key member of China Machinery & Equipment Imp. & Exp. (Group) Corpo
• • 15年来,我们感谢世界五大洲100多个国家和地区的工商界朋友的广泛支持和通力合作 ,公司进出口业务稳步、快速发展,已成为中国最大的机电商品进出口企业之一。 Original version: Thanks to the full support and cordial cooperation of industrial and commercial friends from five continents, one hundred odd countries and regions all over the world, our import & export business has been developing steady and speedy in the past 15 years, that made SUMEC become one of the largest machinery & electrical products import and export enterprises. “世界五大洲一百多个国家和地区的工商界朋友”,由于译者理解有误,被误译为“五大洲 100多个国家和地区”在译文中变成了两个并列的地区。实际上,“100多个国家和地区” 就在“五大洲”内。 “one hundred odd+名词”的结构语法上也有误:1.这是非正规的用法;2. odd作为副词通 常用在数字之后,有连字符链接,才能作定语,如:20-odd years;50-odd acres of land。 另外,译文中数字的写法前后不统一,有时写成阿拉伯数字,有时写成英语词。 汉语中有“工商界朋友”的说法,但英语中却从未见过industrial and commercial friends 的写法。英语中没有financial friends, economic friends这样的说法,倒是有business partners 和business friends。 “稳步,快速”应该用副词修饰“发展”:develop steadily and speedy。 Modified version: Thanks to the full support and cordial cooperation given by business partners from over 100 counties and regions in the 5 continents, SUMEC’s import and export business has been developing steadily and speedily in the past 15 years, ranking among the largest importers & exporters of the same products.

《科技英语翻译》课程练习九

《科技英语翻译》课程练习九

《科技英语翻译》课程练习九《科技英语翻译》课程练习九答案一、翻译以下句子,注意被动语态的处理1) The definitions of the trigonometric functions were given in Section 3-2.译文:三角函数的定义已在3-2节中给出。

2) When rust is formed, chemical change has taken place.译文:铁生锈时,就发生了化学变化。

3) Whenever two objects are rubbed together, electrons are transferred from one object to the other.译文:当两个物体在一起摩擦时,电子便从一个物体转到另一个物体。

4) If the amount of positive and negative charges is varied, the electron stream can be made to bend up or down in varying amounts.译文:如果正负电荷的量发生变化,电子流上下弯曲的程度也随之变化。

5) Friction can be reduced and the life of the machine prolonged by lubrication.译文:润滑能减少摩擦,延长机器寿命。

6) Modern scientific discoveries lead to the conclusion that energy may be created from matter and that matter, in turn, may be created from energy.译文:近代科学的发现得出这样的结论:物质可以产生能,能又可以产生物质。

7) When one of the charged bodies has a polarity opposite to the other, there is said to be a difference of potential between them.译文:当一个带电体的极性与另一带电体相反时,人们就说它们之间存在电位差。

科技英语翻译第三四章

科技英语翻译第三四章

科技英语翻译第三四章3.1 名词的译法第1节翻译练习1In an unusual application, this organization uses a fingerprint scanner to monitor the comings and goings of its residents.A capacitor is used to eliminate sparking when a circuit containing inductance is suddenly opened.一个不同寻常的用途是:这个机构使用指纹扫描器监视居住人员的进出。

当含有电感的电路突然断开时,可用电容器消除火花。

第1节翻译练习2The comparison reveals that the error is due to aliasing.The scans confirmed that the su bjects’ brains dealt with words in ways that contradict one hoary old idea.The latest research with radioactive isotopes has shown that this assumption is quite wrong.比较结果表明,误差是由于名称不同而造成的。

扫描结果证实,受试者的大脑处理词的方式同一ambient temperature, and the external cooling. 根据分子理论的原理,物体的温度取决于其分子的平均速度。

温度控制的效果取决于润滑剂的用量、环境温度以及外部的冷却设施。

第1节翻译练习3Particular attention should be given to hoses to ensure that chafing does not occur.The primary concern of electrical engineering is the doing of work by the delivery of energy. Gene piracy is not new.All plants and animals need carbon for growth. 要特别注意软管,保证没有擦伤。

科技英语练习及答案

科技英语练习及答案

一、科技英语句子的修辞令修改以下句子:令 1. The total area under natural protection reaches 19330 hectares, and which account for 2.01% of the total area of China.令 2. The boil point of the solution is higher than any of its separate components.令 3. Using triethanolamine ( 三乙醇胺 ) as absorption solution to capture various air pollutants simultaneously inone sample, it’sabsorptionefficiency ishigh.令 4. Chinese traditional herbal medicine takes a high proportion on the pharmaceutical market and are being more and more emphasized, so that the supply is smaller than the demand.令 5. Some microorganisms can survive under extreme environments, for example, a lot of microorganisms were found in sea and saline lakes.令 6. That happened later indicated that this endothermic reaction may alleviate the breakage of a filament due to denitrogenation during thecarbonization stage. (随后发生的现象表明,该吸热反应可能会减缓由碳化阶段的脱氮反应所引起的细小纤维的断裂。

《科技英语翻译》课程练习八

《科技英语翻译》课程练习八

《科技英语翻译》课程练习八答案一、翻译以下否定句1) None of the inert gases will combine with other substances to form compounds.译文:惰性气体均不会和其他物质化合成化合物。

2) No ordinary window can withstand so large a force.译文:普通的窗户均经受不了这么大的力。

3) These waves require no medium for their propagation.译文:这些波并不需要靠介质来传播。

4) Most plastics do not conduct heat or electricity readily.译文:大多数塑料不容易传热和导电。

5) This machine does not run smoothly.译文:这台机器运转不平稳。

6) We don’t control the circuit with that kind of switch.译文:我们不用那种开关控制电路。

二、翻译以下部分否定句1) All metals are not good conductors.译文:并非所有的金属都是良导体。

(部分否定)2) In a thermal power plant, all the chemical energy of fuel is not converted into heat.译文:在热电站,燃料的化学能并不都转变为热能。

(部分否定)3) Every color is not reflected back.译文:并非每种颜色都能反射回来。

(部分否定)4) Both the instruments are not precision ones.译文:这两台仪器并不都是精密的。

(否定)5) These rule will not be valid for all types of circuits.译文:这些定律并非都适用于各类电路。

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《科技英语翻译》课程练习三答案一、词义选择二、词义引申1. 具体化引申1) High-speed grinding does not know this disadvantage.译文:高速磨削不存在此不足。

2) The casting takes both the size and the shape of mould.译文:铸件的体积和形状随铸型而异。

3) Alloy belongs to a half-way house between mixtures and compounds.译文:合金是介于混合物和化合物之间的一种中间结构。

4) This new crucible furnace is a fuel-efficient model.译文:这种新型坩锅炉是节油型锅炉。

5) This shows that a vacuum, which is the absence of matter, cannot transmit sound.译文:这表明真空,即没有空气的状态下,不能传播声音。

6) The bridge was so well built that it lasted for a hundred years.译文:这座桥建造非常牢固,已使用了百年。

2. 抽象化引申1) They reach their programmed positions within a few seconds of each other and detonate. Anything nearby is a goner.译文:导弹相继以几秒之差到达程序制导目标引爆。

附近的一切顷刻覆灭。

(原文中的goner,本义是“无可挽救的人(或物)”,意义很具体,但如果按照这种直译则文理不通,因此基于goner的内涵及联想意义,作抽象化引申为“顷刻覆灭”。

)2) The major contributors in component technology have been in the semi — conductors.译文:元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。

(contributors一词本义指“贡献者”,表示具体的人,如直接翻译为“主要贡献者”则不符合汉语的语言习惯,因此将该词作抽象化引申,译为“起主要作用”。

)3) These gases trap the sun’s heat whereas sulphur dioxide cools the atmosphere.译文:这些气体留住了阳光中的热量,而二氧化硫使空气冷却。

(从该词与句中宾语的逻辑匹配关系看,若直译为“设陷阱捕捉”,显然文句不顺。

因此,抽象化引申为“留住”。

)3. 技术性引申1) The light in the workshop is poor.译文:车间的电量不足。

2) Zinc is easy to obtain from its ore.译文:锌易于从锌矿中提炼。

3) Steel and cast iron also differ in carbon.译文:钢与铸铁两者的含碳量也不同。

4. 修辞性引申1) Graphite in cast iron is not hard, it gives way to pressure.译文:铸铁中的石墨不硬,在压力下会变形。

2) Electric resistance furnaces have their electric energy transformed into heat.译文:电阻炉将电能转变为热能。

三、增词法1. 增添原文所省略的词语1) Metallic matrix composites became useful only in the late eighties.译文:在80年代末期,金属基复合材料才成为有用的东西。

2) To the extent that it is real, the interaction with the lower boundary seems a good candidate toexplain the high persistence of the system.译文:如果这一结果可靠的话,那么这一系统与下边界的相互作用似乎可看作解释它长时间继续存在的可靠原因。

3) Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter.译文:物质可以转化为能,能也可以转化为物质。

4) Mobile users in India desire a wide range of devices and services.译文:印度的移动用户要求为其提供更多的选择和服务。

2. 增添必要的连接词语1) Heated, water will change into vapor.译文:水如受热,就会汽化。

2) This question is really a technique design rather than an operation problem.译文:这个问题实际上是属于工艺设计方面而非操作方面的问题。

3) Having a lot of advantages, this machine will eventually be improved upon.译文:尽管这台机器有很多优点,它总有一天会被别的机器超过的。

4) Other material can be used, but pine bark had proven best for repeated use.译文:尽管其他材料也能使用,但松树皮已证明是最适合于多次使用的材料。

3. 用增词法表达出原文的复数概念1) After a series of experiments important phenomena have been ascertained.译文:经一系列实验后,查明了许多重要现象。

2) The first steel castings produced by full mold process went into use in 1978.译文:第一批用实型铸造工艺生产的铸钢件于1978年投入使用。

3) The virus may survive weeks and months.译文:病毒将存活数星期乃至数月。

4) A gas exerts the same pressure in a mixture of gases as it would exert if it were in the container alone.译文:在混合的几种气体中,每一种气体所具有的压力就与它单独在容器中的压力一样。

4. 用增词法把抽象概念表达清楚1) Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty.译文:氧化作用会使钢铁生锈。

2) The addition or removal of heat may change the state of matter.译文:加热法或去热法都可能改变物质的状态。

3) Short-term use of medications is another option.译文:短期使用药物治疗法是另一种选择。

4) Corrections and changes are made in accordance with the observed performance.译文:根据观察到的结果进行修正和变换。

5) This lack of resistance in very cold metals may become useful in electronic computers.译文:这种在低温金属中没有电阻的现象可能对电子计算机很有用处。

5. 逻辑性增词(Amplification for Logic)1) Voltage testers should be checked for correct functioning before use.译文:在使用测压器之前,应检查其功能是否正常。

2) Wave your hand in front of your face, and you can feel the air moving.译文:如果在你眼前摆手,你会感到空气在流动。

3) The pupil of eye responds to the change of light intensity.译文:瞳孔随着光线强度的变化而变化。

4) Air pressure decreases with altitude.译文:气压随海拔高度的增加而下降。

5) As no machine ever runs without some friction, overcoming the force wastes work.译文:因为没有一台机器可以无摩擦地运转,所以克服摩擦力只是白费功夫。

6) Oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.译文:与其说海洋将世界分开不如说海洋将世界连接在一起。

6. 概括性增词1) According to scientists, it takes nature 500 years to create an inch of topsoil.译文:根据科学家们的看法,自然界要用500年的时间才能形成一英寸厚的表层土壤。

2) This article summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers, artificial satellites and rockets.译文:本文总结了电子计算机、人造卫星和火箭三方面的新成就。

3) The France and Korea conducted a completely secrete exchange of message.译文:法韩双方在完全保密的情况下互相交换了信息。

4) The frequency, wavelength, and speed of sound are closely related.译文:声音的频率、波长和速度三者是密切相关的。

7. 词的重复1) Avoid using this computer in extreme cold,heat,dust or humidity.译文:不要在过冷、过热、灰尘过重、湿度过大的情况下使用此电脑。

2) I had experienced oxygen and/or engine trouble.译文:我曾经遇到的情况,不是氧气设备出故障,就是引擎出故障,或两者都出故障。

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