本科毕业论文-斜床身卧式数控车床的结构设计

斜床身卧式数控车床的结构设计

摘要

斜床身卧式数控车床在机床产品中是比较实用机床。其结构设计带来很大的方便，保证工件质量的同时提高了加工效率。目前，斜床身卧式数控车床在我们国家普遍使用。斜床身数控机床在我们国家普遍适应，更多的是用于汽车、军工等精密加工中。

该机床型主要适用在加工高精度的零部件。比如轴类、盘类、套类，以及各种类型各种型号的内外螺纹，在加工外形和内孔过程中间不必换装。该机床适用于多类型、批量不是很大的工件的加工，对于一些加工困难、要求高的零部件上能够充分显示出它的特点。以满足不同用户的加工需要，可以根据不同的需求，加工不同品种的工件，可以配置不同的结构设计以及加工方式。

在本文中进行了对斜床身卧式数控车床的设计，其中包括机床的床身、传动系统、刀架系统、尾座等，着重对传动结构中的主传动结构和进给传动结构进行设计。主轴相连的伺服电机用皮带把运动传到主轴上，带轮及同步齿形带与主轴用键联接。而进给运动，即车床上X、Z向的运动则通过丝杠运转，丝杠都通过两端固定的方式固定，一端都通过联轴器与伺服电机相连。

关键词：滚珠丝杠；伺服电机；卧式；数控车床；斜床身

ABSTRACT

Slant bed horizontal series CNC lathe is an economic and practical processing machine tools,mature product structure,quality stable and reliable performance. it sets the versatility and the characteristics of the special lathe, using inclined bed ball linear guide. The most widely coverage of a CNC machine tool, widely used in automobile, petroleum, military industry and many kinds of mechanical processing industry.

This series of machine varieties complete specifications, are mainly used for machining high precision of rotors type parts such as shaft, plate, set of classes, all kinds of internal and external thread and high precision. it can be finished once clamping appearance and inner hole machining.In order to meet the processing needs of different users;According to the needs of users, optional different numerical control system and accessories.

In this article has carried on the design of slant bed horizontal CNC lathe, including the machine tool bed, transmission system, tool post system, tailstock. Of the transmission system of main drive system and feed drive system design.The main servo motor through a belt drive the movement to the spindle, the spindle on the pulley and the synchronous cog belt wheel and spindle by linkage.And feed movement, namely lathe on X, Z to exercise by screw, screw fixed with both ends fixed way, end are connected to the servo motor through the coupling.

Key words：ball screw；servo motor；horizontal type；Distributed Numerical Control（DNC）；Slant bed

目录

摘要...............................................................................................................I ABSTRACT........................................................................................................II 1前言. (1)

1.1 斜床身卧式数控车床的设计背景 (1)

1.2 斜床身数控车床设计的国内外背景 (1)

1.3 斜床身数控车床设计的目的 (1)

1.4 斜床身数控车床设计的内容 (2)

2 机床总体方案设计 (3)

3 机床各系统的设计 (4)

3.1 床身 (4)

3.2 传动系统的设计 (5)

3.2.1 主传动系统设计 (5)

3.2.2 进给传动系统设计 (6)

3.3 主轴的要求及结构 (8)

3.4 刀架系统 (9)

3.5 刀架系统 (9)

4 机床各系统机械部分设计计算 (10)

4.1 切削力计算 (10)

4.2 滚珠丝杠螺和选型 (10)

4.2.1 纵车外圆的计算 (10)

4.2.2 横向进给的计算 (13)

4.3 轴的结构设计计算 (15)

4.3.1 根据轴向定位的要求确定轴的各段直径和长度 (15)

4.3.2 轴上零件的周向定位 (16)

4.3.3 确定轴上圆角和倒角尺寸 (16)

4.3.4 带立式座外深沟球轴承的校核 (17)

4.3.5 键的校核 (20)

4.3.6 轴的校核 (21)

4.3.7 校核轴的强度 (21)

4.4 伺服电机的选型和计算 (21)

4.4.1 等效转动伺服电机的计算 (21)

4.4.2 电机力矩计算 (22)