呼吸系统药理学医学
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pregnancy (< 3 m), psychotic disorders, etc.
医学ppt
10
Pentoxyverine 喷托维林(咳必清)
医学ppt
11
Pharmacological effects
• Supression of cough • Muscarinic antagonism and local
医学ppt
16
3. Antiasthmatic
drugs
医学ppt
17
Asthma
• Asthma is physiologically characterized by increased responsiveness of the trachea and bronchi to various stimuli and by widespread narrowing of the airways that changes in severity either spontaneously or as a result of therapy.
• Its pathologic features are contraction of airway
smooth muscle, mucosal thickening from edema
and cellular infiltration, and inspissation in the
airway lumen of abnormally thick, viscid plugs of
• Addiction • Contraindicated in patients with thick sputum
医学ppt
8
Dextromethorphan 右美沙芬
医学ppt
9
• 1. Pharmacological effects
• supression of cough • muscarinic and NMDA receptor antagonism
anesthetic effects • Uses and adverse effects are similar to
dextromethorphan
医学ppt
12
Benzonatate 苯佐那酯
医学ppt
13
Pharmacological effects
• Peripherally acting • Blocking cough reflex • Local anesthetic effects • CNS depression
• Addictive drugs:
•
codeine 可待因
• Non-addictive drugs:
•
dextromethorphan 右美沙芬
•
pentoxyverine 喷托维林(咳必清)
• Peripherally acting
•
benzonatate 苯佐那酯
医学ppt
5
医学ppt
6
Codeine 可待因
医学ppt
14
2. Expectorants
医学ppt
15
Sputum-diluting drugs
Stimulating bronchial secretion
Amonium chloride 氯化铵 Potassium iodide 碘化钾
Mucolytic drugs
Bromhexine 溴己新 Ambroxol 氨溴索 Acetylcysteine 乙酰半胱氨酸 Methylcysteine 美司坦 Carbocisteine 羧甲司坦 Mesna 美司钠
Antitussives, expectorants, and
antiasmatic drugs
Ximei Wu M.D., Ph.D.
Dept. of pharmacology,
Z医J学UppMt S
1
医学ppt
2
Drugs acting on respiratory system
• Cough antitussive drugs
mucus.
医学ppt
18
医学ppt
19
Asthma
• Symptom: dyspnea, wheezing, stridor, coughing, an inability for physical exertion. The cough may sometimes produce clear sputum.
• 2. Clinical uses
• Upper respiratory infection, cough without sputum
• 3. Adverse effects
• Atropine-like side effects • Contraindicated in patients with glaucoma,
• Between episodes, most patients feel well but can have mild symptoms and they may remain short of breath after exercise for longer periods
•
theophyllines
•
muscarinic antagonists
•
anti-inflammatory drugs
•
glucocorticosteroids
•ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
mediator release inhibitors
医学ppt
3
1. Antitussives
医学ppt
4
• Centrally acting
H 3CO
O N CH 3
HO
医学ppt
7
• 1. Pharmacological effects • supression of cough
• analgesia
• 2. Clinical uses • Cough without sputum
• 3. Adverse effects • Respiratory depression (at larger doses)
•
centrally acting
•
peripherally acting
• Sputum expectorant drugs
•
sputum-diluting drugs
•
mucolytic drugs
• Asthma antiasthmatic drugs
•
bronchial dilators
•
receptor agonists
医学ppt
10
Pentoxyverine 喷托维林(咳必清)
医学ppt
11
Pharmacological effects
• Supression of cough • Muscarinic antagonism and local
医学ppt
16
3. Antiasthmatic
drugs
医学ppt
17
Asthma
• Asthma is physiologically characterized by increased responsiveness of the trachea and bronchi to various stimuli and by widespread narrowing of the airways that changes in severity either spontaneously or as a result of therapy.
• Its pathologic features are contraction of airway
smooth muscle, mucosal thickening from edema
and cellular infiltration, and inspissation in the
airway lumen of abnormally thick, viscid plugs of
• Addiction • Contraindicated in patients with thick sputum
医学ppt
8
Dextromethorphan 右美沙芬
医学ppt
9
• 1. Pharmacological effects
• supression of cough • muscarinic and NMDA receptor antagonism
anesthetic effects • Uses and adverse effects are similar to
dextromethorphan
医学ppt
12
Benzonatate 苯佐那酯
医学ppt
13
Pharmacological effects
• Peripherally acting • Blocking cough reflex • Local anesthetic effects • CNS depression
• Addictive drugs:
•
codeine 可待因
• Non-addictive drugs:
•
dextromethorphan 右美沙芬
•
pentoxyverine 喷托维林(咳必清)
• Peripherally acting
•
benzonatate 苯佐那酯
医学ppt
5
医学ppt
6
Codeine 可待因
医学ppt
14
2. Expectorants
医学ppt
15
Sputum-diluting drugs
Stimulating bronchial secretion
Amonium chloride 氯化铵 Potassium iodide 碘化钾
Mucolytic drugs
Bromhexine 溴己新 Ambroxol 氨溴索 Acetylcysteine 乙酰半胱氨酸 Methylcysteine 美司坦 Carbocisteine 羧甲司坦 Mesna 美司钠
Antitussives, expectorants, and
antiasmatic drugs
Ximei Wu M.D., Ph.D.
Dept. of pharmacology,
Z医J学UppMt S
1
医学ppt
2
Drugs acting on respiratory system
• Cough antitussive drugs
mucus.
医学ppt
18
医学ppt
19
Asthma
• Symptom: dyspnea, wheezing, stridor, coughing, an inability for physical exertion. The cough may sometimes produce clear sputum.
• 2. Clinical uses
• Upper respiratory infection, cough without sputum
• 3. Adverse effects
• Atropine-like side effects • Contraindicated in patients with glaucoma,
• Between episodes, most patients feel well but can have mild symptoms and they may remain short of breath after exercise for longer periods
•
theophyllines
•
muscarinic antagonists
•
anti-inflammatory drugs
•
glucocorticosteroids
•ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
mediator release inhibitors
医学ppt
3
1. Antitussives
医学ppt
4
• Centrally acting
H 3CO
O N CH 3
HO
医学ppt
7
• 1. Pharmacological effects • supression of cough
• analgesia
• 2. Clinical uses • Cough without sputum
• 3. Adverse effects • Respiratory depression (at larger doses)
•
centrally acting
•
peripherally acting
• Sputum expectorant drugs
•
sputum-diluting drugs
•
mucolytic drugs
• Asthma antiasthmatic drugs
•
bronchial dilators
•
receptor agonists