建筑工程专业英语12Construction Surveying

Unit 12
Part Ⅱ
Construction Surveying
Passage A
Passages
He does this by placing reference marks ( such as construction stakes) sufficiently close to the planned work so as to permit the masons, carpenters, and other tradesmen to properly position the work with their own equipment (folding rules, mason’s levels, string lines, and so on).
Unit 12
Part Ⅱ
Construction Surveying
Passage A
Passages
it is the duty of the surveyor to set the required horizontal and vertical positions for the structures. In other words, construction surveying involves the transfer of the dimensions on the drawing to the ground so that the work is done in its correct position. This type of surveying is sometimes called “setting lines and grades”. The work of the surveyor for construction projects is often referred to as layout work and the term “layout engineer” may be used in place of the term “surveyor”.
Unit 12
Part Ⅱ
Construction Surveying
Passage B
Construction Surveying The construction industry is the largest in the United States and surveying is an essential part of that industry. A boundary survey and the preparation of the necessary topographic maps is the first step in the construction process. From these maps the positions of the structures are established and when the final plans for the project are available,
Unit 12
Part Ⅱ
Construction Surveying
Passage A
Passages
The reader can readily understand the expense and inconvenience caused if one reinforced concrete footing for a building is placed in the wrong position. As another example, just imagine the problems involved if a few thousand feet of a sewer line are set on the wrong grade.
Unit 12
Part Ⅱ
Construction Surveying
Passage A
Passages
(2) A survey to determine the existing conditions such as contours, man-made and natural features, streams, sewers, power lines, roads, nearby structures, and so on. This work may also be done by the land surveyor along with the boundary survey. (3) The construction surveys which determine the position and elevation of the features of the construction work. These surveys include the placing of grade stakes, alignment stakes and other layout control points.
Unit 12
Part Ⅱ
Construction Surveying
Passage A
Passages
Of necessity, construction surveying begins before actual construction and continues until the project is completed. Surveying is an essential part of the construction process and must be carried out in coordination with other operations in order to have an economical job and to prevent serious mistakes.
Unit 12
Part Ⅱ
Construction Surveying
Passage A
Passages
(4) Finally there are the surveys which determine the positions of the finished structures．These are the “asbuilt” surveys and they are used to check the contractor’s work and show locations of structures and their components (water lines, sewers, etc.) which will be needed for future maintenance, changes, and new construction．
Unit 12
Construction Surveying
Part Ⅰ Illustrated Words and Concepts
Figure 12-1 Elevations Determined by Transit and Leveling Rod
Unit 12
Construction Surveying
Unit 12
Part Ⅱ
Construction Surveying
Passage A
Passages
he construction surveyor will find that his work is quite varied. One day he may be doing topographic work for a proposed building, while on another he may be setting stakes for pipeline excavation. It is often necessary for him to make measurements before and after some types of work, e. g., computing quantities of earthwork moved by a contractor. At other times, he will set stakes to guide the construction of foundations; he may be aligning the columns of a steel frame building, or checking a completed structure to see that it is correctly positioned, and so on.
Unit 12
Part Ⅱ
Construction Surveying
Passage B
Passages
The Survey of a Plot Plan The Survey Plat The basic information for the plot plan is found on a survey plat which is drawn by licensed surveyors. They obtain the legal descriptions of the piece of ground from the deed to the property which they receive from the owner.
Unit 12
Part Ⅱ
Construction Surveying
Passage A
Passages
A construction project requires four kinds of surveys for its completion: (1) A property or boundary survey by a registered land surveyor to establish the location and dimensions of the property.
Part Ⅰ Illustrated Words and Concepts
Figure 12-2 A Plot Plan of Elevations and Location of a House
Unit 12
Part Ⅱ
Construction Surveying
Passage A
Passages
Unit 12
Part Ⅱ
Construction Surveying
Passage A
Passages
Construction drawings show the sizes and positions of structures that are to be erected, such as buildings, bridges, roads, parking on. The job of the construction surveyor is to locate these planned features in their desired positions on the ground.
Unit 12
Construction Surveying
Part ⅠIllustrated Words and Concepts Figure 12-1 Elevations Determined by Transit and Leveling Rod Figure 12-2 A Plot Plan of Elevations and Location of a House Part Ⅱ Passages Passage A Construction Surveying Passage B The Survey of a Plot Plan