2019 谓语动词的时态和语态

谓语动词的时态和语态

一．谓语的概念

谓语动词指在句子中充当谓语的动词，有行为动词，系动词，情态动词和助动词等几种，其中行为动词又包括及物动词和不及物动词。谓语成分就是用来说明主语的动作或状态的，一般由动词或动词短语承担。如果句子中没有动词充当谓语的时候，就使用“be”动词。

Tom’s garden is beautiful.

My aunt always looks young.

He cannot swim.

Some women are washing clothes by the river.

I have got a new job.

We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow.

The rabbit was shot dead.

They will be invited to attend the meeting.

The child opened his eyes, looking at his mother for a while.

No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements.

谓语动词的时态

时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式,表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态.英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的。英语有16种时态,但中学阶段较常用的有十种:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去完成时,现在完成时和现在完成进行时.

表二、各种时态常用的时间状语

一般现在时（the simple present tense ）

1. 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语：every…, sometimes, on Sunday s

I leave home for school at 7 every morning.He sometimes stays in bed until lunch time.

My mother never comes to see me. They often listen to the radio in bed.

Mike usually goes to bed at 10 o’clock. Our teacher frequently checks our homework.

2. 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。

The earth moves around the sun. Laziness results in poverty.

London stands on the Thames. Reading broadens one’s horizon.

3. 表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情,下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus start? It starts in ten minutes.

4. 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句，如果主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时来表示将来。

If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home. I'll let you know as soon as he arrives.

即时练：用括号中词语的正确形式填空

A

The Sawyers live at 87 King Street. In the morning, Mr. Sawyer 1__________ (go) to work and the children go to school. Their father 2__________ (take) them to school every day. Mrs. Sawyer 3__________ (stay) at home every day. She 4__________ (do) the housework. She always 5__________ (eat) her lunch at noon. In the afternoon, she usually 6__________ (see)her friends. They often 7__________ (drink)tea together. In the evening, the children 8__________ (come) home from school. They arrive home early. Mr. Sawyer 9__________ (come) home from work. He 10__________ (arrive) home late. At night, the children always do their homework. Then they 11__________ (go)to bed. Mr. Sawyer usually 12__________ (read) his newspaper, but sometimes he and his wife 13__________ (watch)television.

B

I carried my bag into the hall.

“What are you doing?” my landlady 1__________（ask）.

“I am leaving, Mrs. Linch,” I answered.

“Why are you leaving?” she asked. “You have been here only a week.”

“A week 2__________(be) too long, Mrs. Linch,” I said. “There 3__________(be) too many rules in this house. My friends never 4__________(come) to visit me. Dinner 5________(be) always at seven o’clock, so I frequently 6__________ (go) to bed hungry. You 7__________(not like) noise, so I rarely 8 __________(listen) to the radio. The heating 9__________(not work), so I always 10 __________(feel) cold. This is a terrible place for a man like me. Goodbye, Mrs. Linch.”

一般过去时（the simple past tense ）

一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；过去主语所具备的能力和性格。

1. 在特定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：just now, yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。

Yesterday, he wrote a very formal letter of apology to Douglas.

I borrowed three books from the library last week.

2. 表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。

When I was a child, I often played football in the yard of my house.

Wherever the Browns went, they were given a warm welcome.

3. 一般过去时在特殊句型中的应用：

1）It is high time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了""早该……了"

It is high time that you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。

It is high time that you started to work. 你该动工了。

2) would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示'宁愿某人做某事'

I would rather you knew that now than afterwards. 与其以后让你知道，不如现在就让你知道。

I would rather you saw me off at the airport tomorrow. 我但愿你明天来机场送我。

3) I wish that…(与现在事实相反)

I wish this book was written in bigger characters. 我希望这本书的字再大一点儿。

I wish I knew all about this matter. 这件事我要是全知道就好了

I wish you would come back to Washington with us, but that's for you to decide.

我希望你能和我们一起回华盛顿，但是这由你决定。

4）If…(与现在事实相反)

If you knew English, you could get a job easily. 如果你懂得英语，你就能容易地找到一份工作。

If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。

即时练

C

Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I 1__________(go) to Italy. I 2__________(visit) museums and 3__________(sit) in public gardens. A friendly waiter 4__________(teach) me a few words of Italian. Then he