国际商务英语教材重点翻译句子
21句常用外贸商务英语汇总[中英翻译版]
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21句常用外贸商务英语汇总[中英翻译版]1、We'd like to express our desire to establish business relationship with you on the basis of quality, mutually benefit and exchange of needed goods .我们希望在保证质量、互惠互利以及交易彼此需要的货物的基础上和你们建立业务关系。
2、In order to extend our export business to your country we wish to enter into direct business relations with you.为了扩大我们在贵国的出口业务，我们希望和你们建立直接贸易关系。
3、Our hope is to establish mutually beneficial trading relations between us .我们希望建立双方互利的贸易关系。
4、We look forward to further extensions of pleasant business relations.希望我们能够发展更长远的愉快合作的关系。
5、It’s our hope to continue with considerable business dealing with you.我们希望与你保持大量的商业合作。
6、We look forward to receiving your quotation very soon.我们希望能尽快收到您的报价单。
7、I hope you see from the reduction that we are really doing our utmost.我希望你能看到我们的降价，因为我们真的是最低价了。
8、We hope to discuss business with you at your earliest convenience.我们希望在您的第一空档时间一起讨论这笔交易。
新编国际商务英语函电课后习题句子翻译
（五）：1、As you will see in our price list,we have offered very competitive prices,supplying you our best quality goods.We solicit that you will favor us with your orders,which shall always have our best attention.贵公司将会从我方价格表中看到，我方向贵公司提供了价廉物美的商品。
敬请贵公司向我方订货，我方会精心关照。
2、We should very much like to help you in thismatter,but we have already cut our prices down to the absolute minimum.We think you will find that our competitors are offering a product of cousiderably lower quality in order to compete at this price.我们很乐意帮助你们，但是我们已将价格降到最低限度。
你们将会发现：本公司的竞争者是在以大幅度降低产品质量的方式来压低价格。
3.谢谢你方3月10日来函。
从信中我们获悉你方希望得到我方梅林牌罐头食品的报盘。
Thank you for your letter of March 10,form which we have learned that you hope to receive our offer for “Meiling”brand canned goods.4..我们从贵公司8月20日来函中得知你放打算向我方订购二万公吨化肥 我们很高兴的报价如下。
We have learned form your letter dated August 20 that you are going to place an order with us for 20000 metric tons of chemical fertilizers.We are pleased to quote asfollows..5.兹复你方7月8日函 我们现向你方作如下报盘 以我方最后确认为准。
国际商务英语综合教程课后翻译短语答案廖瑛
国际商务英语综合教程课后翻译短语答案廖瑛一Translate the following economic terms into English:1)商品交换或贸易 exchange or trade for goods2)世界经济舞台- the world economic scene3)国外直接投资- foreign direct investment4)多国企业- multinational enterprises5)商业和投资银行- commercial and investment banking6)有价证券投资- portfolio investments7)金融风险- financial risk8)支付差额- balance-of-payments9)法律文件-a legal document1o)有效经营 - effective operation or operate effectively 二 Translate the following economic terms into English 独资企业- sole proprietorship普通合伙企业- general partnership法人- legal person合股公司- joint-stock company董事会- board of directors国有公司- public curporation资本摊缴- capital contribution多数股权- controlling interest优先股股东- preferred stockholder公司章程 - articles of incorporation九 Transjate the following into English1 ) 营销观念marketing concept2) 服装零售商retail clothier3) 购买动机motivation to purchase5 ) 非营利性机构nonprofit institution7) 产品规格product specifications9) 低价产品low-priced products11) 多人挣钱型家庭multiearner families .13)投币式自动售货机 vending machines4 ) 最终用户ultimate consumers6) 招标purchasing system8)采购制度 to request bids10) 可自由支配收入discretionary income12) 价格和质量比较price and quality comparison14) 营销调研marketing research十 Translate Lhe following into English:I )营销战略 marketing strategy 2)促销 promotion3) 产品策划product plannng 4)品牌名称 brand name5)市场总销售 total market sales 6)产品生命周期 the product's life cycle7) 分销渠道channels of distribution 8) 中间商middleman9) 批发商wholesaler 10) 促销技巧promotional techniques七 Translate the following economic terms into English:1)商务参赞处- commercial counselor's office2)资信情况- financial standing3)报关- customs declaration 04)提单- bill of lading5)公正的调查报告- authentic surveyor report6)法律地位- legal standing7)履约保函- performance bond8)订舱- space booking9)商业诚信- commercial integrity10)进口许可证- import licence三 Translate the following economic terms into English:1)最终消费者（用户）- ultimate consumer2)增值价值- value added3)批发商- merchant wholesaler4)产品花色品种- product assortment5)地方效用- place utility6)邮售- mail-order selling7)专业商店- specialty store8)现金流量- cash flow9)存货控制- inventory controlIO)市场分区（分片）- market segment。
国际商务英语汉译英翻译
制其投资在他国的企业和资产获得回报。
past decade, especially in China since
15、最惠国待遇并不是什么特殊待遇，而只
Foreign direct investments of FDI for the country is playing an active role it. 是正常的贸易地位。受惠国只是享有被征收
即各国生产相比较而言效率更高的那种特殊
overseeing 23deaprtments in charge of 产品。更理想的是，各国集中专门生产它的
19、 2000 年对国际贸易术语解释通则的修改 考虑了无关税区的发展，商务活动中电子通
different affairs.
特殊产品，然后再进行相互间的贸易。
zones, the increased use of electronic
出口商所开出的汇票后，便可得到单据，而
conformity with those in the L/C.
communication, and the transport practices.
change in
付款则要晚于这个时间。 In the case of documents against
是促进世界和各国经济发展的最有效的工 具。
17、《买卖双方在制定合同时，如果有理解一 致的具体规则可供参照，他们就肯定简单、
neighbours separated only by a strip of
Technology, capital and ready markets are 可靠地确定各自的责任》 。
in an-other.
Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation(APEC)
国际商务英语句子翻译
国际商务英语句子翻译1．The current financing and investment system is mainly through administrative approval and examination which can’t use the market as a basic force in resource allocation. This has given rise to a lot of duplicated construction. So, there must be a reform in this regarding to make it in line with the international practice of market economy.现行的投资融资体制主要是行政审批的制度，这不能贯彻把市场作为资源分配的基础力量，产生了很多重复建设，必须进行根本的改革，使它符合市场经济的国际惯例。
2．The definition of injury under WTO anti-dumping rules is a broad one.It is taken to mean material injury domestic industry, threat of amaterial injury to a domestic industry or material retardation ofestablishment of such an industry.3．There is no economic regime to be perfect. In the absence of stable economic development climate and well-educated human resources, social motivation and innovation systems would be of little value. In the society full of illiteracy, no matter how good the motivationmechanism is, it can’t make prominent inventors or entrepreneurs.任何一种经济制度都不是万能的。
国际商务英语(修正版)课后翻译
4. B: thank you. We are always doing our best to abide by contracts and honour our word.
5. B: I’m very glad to be of any help. We specialize in exporting chemical fertilizer.
10. Your letter expressing the hope of establishing business connections with us has been received with thanks.
2021/6/18
3
4. Complete the following dialogues
3. The enclosed price lists and catalogues will give you details of the models in which you are especially interested.
4. If you are interested in establishing business relations with us in this line, please let us know your specific requirements. We’ll be pleased to forward samples, catalogues as well as detailed information.
1.
1. 现具函自我介绍.本公司是美国各种电子产品的主要出口商.
2. 感谢贵方3月2号的来信，我们很乐意同贵公司建立业务关系。
3. 来函收悉，得知贵方愿与我方建立业务关系，特表谢意。
国际商务英语教程(第三版)翻译
商务英语课文翻译资料Lesson 1Modes of International Business国际商业模式When pursuing international business, private enterprises and governments have to decide how to carry out their business, such as what mode of operation to use. The following shows that a company has a number of modes from which to choose.在进行国际商务时，民营企业和政府必须决定如何展开他们的业务，比如使用什么操作方式。
下面展示了一个公司的一种选择模式。
MERCHANDISE EXPORTS and IMPORTS商品出口和进口Companies may export or import either goods or services. More companies are involved in exporting and importing than in any other international mode.公司可以出口和进口任何商品或服务。
与其他任何国际模式相比，越来越多的公司参与出口和进口业务。
This is especially true of smaller companies, even though they are less likely than large companies to engage in exporting. ( large companies are also more apt to engage in other forms of foreign operations in addition to exporting and importing. ) merchandise exports are tangible products – goods – sent out of a country ; merchandise imports are goods brought in.这种情况特别适合于较小的公司，尽管他们不太可能像大公司那样从事出口。
商务英语课文部分句子翻译
Unit 2１.As well as organizing and supervising the work of their subordinates, they have to work with people in other areas and functions.除了组织和监督他们下属的工作之外，他们还必须与其他领域和职能部门中的人们一起工作。
２.It is generally the job of a company’s top managers to consider the needs of the future, and to take responsibility for innovation, without any organization can only expect a limited life.一般来说，公司的最高层经理的工作是考虑未来的需要和对创新负责，没有这些工作，任何机构存在的时间都不会很长。
３.Top managers also have to manage a business’s relations with customers, suppliers, distrib utors, bankers, investors, neighboring communities, public authorities, and so on, as well as deal with any major crises which arise.高层的经理也必须处理公司与客户、供给商、经销商、银行家、投资者、相邻社区和地方当局的关系，同时还要处理可能出现的任何重大的危机。
４.Drucker, for example wrote nearly 30 years ago that ‘Altogether this entire book is based on the proposition that the days of the “intuitive” manger are numbered,’ meaning that they were coming to an end.例如，德鲁克在差不多30年前写道，“总体来说，这本书是根据‘凭直觉的’经理存在的时间不长了的命题来写的，意思是这种日子即将结束了”。
国际商务英语汉译英翻译
1、国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而此国内贸易要复杂得多。
International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. It involves more factors and thus is more complicated than, domestic business.2、有形贸易是指将在一国生产或制造的商品，出口或进口到另一国消费或转售。
Visible trade refers to exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in an-other.3、外国直接投资，简称FDI。
投资者通过控制其投资在他国的企业和资产获得回报。
Foreign direct investments of FDI for short is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country.4、国民生产总值指一个经济体凭借其居民拥有的资产和劳动力所生产的货物和服务的市场价值。
GNP refers to the market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy.5、日本和中国是重要贸易伙伴，两国经济互补，又是一衣带水的近邻。
中日贸易关系对两国都有重要的意义。
With mutually complementary economy, Japan and China are major trade partners, and the two countries are close neighbours separated only by a strip of water. Sino-Japanese relations are therefore of great importance to both countries.6、加拿大和美国有很长的共同边境，而且大部分加拿大居民居住在边境地区。
(完整版)商务英语句子翻译整理
(完整版)商务英语句子翻译整理1、我们愿与贵企业成立业务来往。
We are willing to establish trade relations with your company.2、我们愿为发展两方贸易供给时机。
We wish to offer you an opportunity to develop bilateral trade.3、我企业经营电子产品的出入口业务，希望与贵方成立商业关系。
This corporation specializes in importing and exporting electronic products and wishes to enterinto business relations with you.4、依据你企业 1 月 20 日来函要求，现附寄目录一份。
As requested in your letter of Jan.20, we enclose a copy of our catalogue.5、对你努力为我企业开辟市场，深表感谢We very much appreciate your efforts to explore the market for our products.6、我们相信，我们两方的业务将跟着时间的推移而获取发展。
We are sure that the business between us will be promoted in years to come.7、我们保证对于贵方的询价赐予充足的重视。
We assure you of our best attention to any inquiries from you.8、殷切地期望早日来函。
We anticipate a prompt reply from you.9、假如你方报价拥有竞争性，交货期可接受的话，我们愿向你方订货。
We shall be very glad to place our order with you if your quotation is competitive and deliverydate acceptable.10 、一旦收到你方详细询价，我们将电告报价。
自考国际商务英语_句子翻译
LESSON 1 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS国际商务1. 国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复杂得多。
International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. It involves more factors and thus is more complicated than domestic countries.2. 随着经济一体化进程的发展，很少人和公司能完全独立于国际商务之外而存在。
因此，在此方面具有一定的知识是十分必要的，这既有益于企业的发展又有益于个人的进步。
With the development of economic globalization, few people or companies can completely stay away from international business. Therefore, some knowledge in this respect is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement.3. 其他参与国际贸易的形式有管理合同、承包生产和“交钥匙”工程。
Other forms for participating in international business are management contract, contract manufacturing, and turnkey project.4. 国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式出现，即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或进口到另一国进行消费或转售。
International business first took the form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another.5. 除了国际贸易和投资，国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国外市场的一种方式。
商务英语口语句中英文对照中文翻译全文翻译
Unit1希望与要求Part11.We'dliketoexpressourdesiretoestablishbusinessrelationshipwithyouonthebasisofquality,mutual benefitandexchangeofneededgoods.我们希望在保证质量、互惠互利以及交易彼此需要的货物的基础上和你们建立业务关系。
2.Inordertoextendourexportbusinesstoyourcountrywewishtoenterdirectbusinessrelationswithyou.为了扩大我们在贵国的出口业务，我们希望和你们建立直接贸易关系。
3.Ourhopeistoestablishmutuallybeneficialtradingrelationsbetweenus.希望在我们之间能够建立互惠互利的贸易关系。
4.Welookingforwardtofurtherextensionofpleasantbusinessrelations.我们期待进一步保持愉快的业务关系。
5.It’sourh opetocontinuewithconsiderablebusinessdealingwithyou.我们的希望是和你们保持可观的生意往来。
6.Welookforwardtoreceivingyourquotationverysoon.我们期待尽快收到你们的报价单。
7.Ihopeyouseefromthereductionthatwearereallydoingourutmost.我希望你能够看到我们事实上已经作出了最大程度的让价。
8.Wehopetodiscussbusinesswithyouatyourearliestconvenience.我们希望在你方便的时候和你洽谈业务。
9.Wewishtoexpressourdesiretotradewithyouinleathershoes.我们非常希望和你进行皮鞋的买卖生意。
商务英语句子及翻译
商务英语句子及翻译1、The market leader is frequently able to lead other firmsin the introduction of new products, in price changes, in the level or intensity of promotions, and so on.市场领导者在引进新产品、调整价格、促销活动等方面能够领导其它企业。
2、Contrary to a common belief, wholly dominating amarket, or having a monopoly, is seldom an advantage: competitors expand markets and find new uses and users for products, which enriches everyone in the field, but the market leader more than its competitors.和普遍看法相反，完全控制市场，或者垄断，很难有优势：竞争者扩大市场，寻找产品的新用途和客户，从而使这个领域的人富有，但是市场领导者比竞争者得到更多。
3、In the car hire business, the challenger actuallyadvertises this fact: for many years Avis used the slogan ‘We’re number two. We try harder.’在汽车市场，竞争者登广告的真相是：阿维斯多年来一直用这个标语“我们是第二，我们一直很努力。
”4、Although small companies are generally flexible, and canquickly respond to market conditions, their narrow range of customers causes problematic fluctuations in turnover and profit.尽管一些小公司很灵活，能够迅速对市场情况做出反应，他们有限的范围内的客户们导致翻覆波动和利润的不确定。
商务英语重点（翻译版）1
商务英语重点（翻译版）11. What do you know about foreign trade or international business?1。
你知道什么是对外贸易、国际商务？2. Can you give some tips as advice for job interview?2。
你能给一些提示建议求职面试？3. Why do you need to do some research before an interview?3。
你为什么要做一些研究之前，面试吗？4. What is meant by good interview etiquette?4。
什么是良好的面试礼仪？5. Why is it necessary for a job candidate to prepare some questions?5。
为什么是必要的一个求职者准备一些问题吗？6. When someone describes his company, what information do you think they should provide?6。
当某人描述他的公司，什么样的信息，你认为他们应该提供？-- Company’s name——公司的名字Time for establishment时间设置Size and location大小和位置Main business activities主要业务活动Main customers Last year’s total sales主要客户去年的总销售额Other necessary information其他必要的信息7. What is the purpose of business reports?7。
创业的目的是什么报告？8. What is the general format of a memo?8。
什么是通用格式的备忘录吗？9. Before making a business travel, what preparations should be made?9。
商务英语课文部分句子翻译
Unit 2１.As well as organizing and supervising the work of their subordinates, they have to work with people in other areas and functions.除了组织和监督他们下属的工作之外，他们还必须与其他领域和职能部门中的人们一起工作。
２.It is generally the job of a company’s top managers to consider the needs of the future, and to take responsibility for innovation, without any organization can only expect a limited life.一般来说，公司的最高层经理的工作是考虑未来的需要和对创新负责，没有这些工作，任何机构存在的时间都不会很长。
３.Top managers also have to manage a business’s relations with customers, suppliers, distrib utors, bankers, investors, neighboring communities, public authorities, and so on, as well as deal with any major crises which arise.高层的经理也必须处理公司与客户、供给商、经销商、银行家、投资者、相邻社区和地方当局的关系，同时还要处理可能出现的任何重大的危机。
４.Drucker, for example wrote nearly 30 years ago that ‘Altogether this entire book is based on the proposition that the days of the “intuitive” manger are numbered,’ meaning that they were coming to an end.例如，德鲁克在差不多30年前写道，“总体来说，这本书是根据‘凭直觉的’经理存在的时间不长了的命题来写的，意思是这种日子即将结束了”。
商务英语写作重点句型翻译
翻译：1、请注意，付款是以保兑的、不可撤销的、允许分装和转船、见票即付的信用证支付。
Please note that payment is to be made by confirmed, irrevocable L/C allowing partial shipment and transshipment, available by draft at sight.2、我们的付款方式，一般是以保兑的、不可撤销的、以我公司为受益人的、按发票金额见票即付的信用证支付。
该信用证应通过我们认可的银行开出。
Our usual mode of payment is by confirmed, irrevocable L/C (letter of credit), available by draft at sight for the full amount of the invoice value to be established in our favor through a bank acceptable to us.3、第268号合约项下的800辆自行车备妥待运已久，但至今我们尚未收到你们的有关信用证。
请速开来，以便装运。
The 800 bicycles under Contract No.268 have been ready for shipment for quite some time. But much to our disappointment, we have not received your covering L/C to date. Please open the L/C as soon as possible so that we may effect shipment.4、如你方信用证在月底前到达我处，我们将尽最大努力在下月初安排装运你们所定的货。
If your L/C reaches us by the end of this month, we will exert our utmost efforts to arrange shipment of your ordered goods at the beginning of next month.5、你方可能记得，按照我方第1033号收货确认书规定，有关信用证应不迟于11月15日到达我处。
国际商务英语课后翻译
Unit24In order to support and facilitate international business, companies and governments have developed services, such as establishment of bank credit agreements, make remittance settlement arrangements and international postal agreements conclusion, in order to ensure the smoothly development and expansion of international business5Under the pressure of foreign competition, in order to maintain competitiveness, to seek survival and development, the company will have to expand its business into the international market, respond quickly to many foreign sales opportunities, and actively expand the international business activitiesUnit31、许多国家和地区工农业生产的巨大增长Many countries and regions in the tremendous growth of industrial and agricultural production2、导致工业国对食品和原材料的需求迅速增长In industrial countries on food and raw materials to the rapid growth of demand3、增至十五倍的工业品进口量Increased to fifteen times of industrial products imports4、对发展中国家农业出口产品需求的剧烈增长On developing agricultural export product demand sharp growth5、对棉花和天然橡胶等原材料需求的减少On cotton and natural rubber and other raw materials to reduce the demand6、合成代用品生产的发展及其产量的增加Synthetic substitutes for production development and yield increase7、有助于发展中国家的工业发展和经济增长Contribute to developing industrial development and economic growth8、国际贸易对各国经济发展重要的有益作用International trade on the economic development of various countries important beneficial effect9、有助于欠发达国家制造业和制成品生产的发展Contribute to the less developed country manufacturing industry and the development of the production of manufactured goods10、刺激和促进发达与发展中国家间资本的流动To stimulate and promote the flow of capital between the developed and developing countries11、新技术和新的管理技能的传送手段New technologies and new management skills transfer means12、从国际贸易获得巨大好处的欠发达国家From international trade have great benefits for the less developed countries13、国际贸易与长期经济发展之间的关系International Trade and economic development of the relationship between14、以更快的速度从发达国家吸引先进技术Faster speed in order to attract advanced technology from developed countries1、The emergenceof international trade and development, promote the process of reproduction and the normal operation to expand ceaselessly, improve the level of productivity, and promote the internationalization of production and capital internationalization, and improve other aspects of economic development2、凯恩斯及其追随者着重Keynes and his followers to focus on export of employment and income effects, they think the trade surplus could expand the means of payment, interest rates low, stimulate the price rise, increase investment, which contribute to the domestic crisis of relaxation and expansion of employment3、发展Some economists think, international trade is arisen with development, can make commodity market to expand, thereby promoting technological progress and production process improvement, promoting yield increase, and make the investment structure changes, so as to promote the development of the national economy4、发展中国家发展对外贸易导致外汇收资本、促进它们的技术进步中起着重要的作用In developing foreign trade in foreign exchange income increases in foreign countries and the introduction of advanced technology, which make the national capital, promote their technological progress plays an important role in5、Over the years, in the absorption of foreign capital, China to develop foreign trade, large imports of sophisticated equipment and advanced technology, a large number of export all kinds of industrial and agricultural products, effectively promoted the economic development and the socialism modernization国际贸易给各国经济带来了巨大的利益。
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With mutually complementary economy, Japan and China are major trade partners, and the two countries are close neighbours separated only by a strip of water. Sino-Japanese relations are therefore of great importance to both countries.
21、虽然多数合同并不引起纠纷，但合同是依法实施的，任何一方当事人若未能履行合同义务，可能会受到起诉并被强制作出赔偿。
It is enforceable by law, and any party that fails to fulfill his contractual obligations may be sued and forced to make competition, though most contracts do not give rise to disputes.
7、欧盟委员会是它的执行机构，有20个委员会，管理23个负责不同事务的部门。
Its executive body is the European Commission composed of 20 commissioners overseeing 23deaprtments in charge of different affairs.
12、按照比较学说的观点，一国只要出口相对有优势的产品，而不是有绝对优势的产品，就可以从中受益。
According to the comparative advantage, a country can benefit from trade if only it has a comparative advantage, not absolute advantage, in producing certain product.
9、过去十年中，亚太经济合作组织越来越受到人们的关注。由于中国在其中发挥了积极的作用，中国人尤其关注这个组织。
Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation(APEC) has caught more and more attention for the past decade, especially in China since the country is playing an active role it.
17、《买卖双方在制定合同时，如果有理解一致的具体规则可供参照，他们Βιβλιοθήκη 肯定简单、可靠地确定各自的责任》。
If, when drawing up their contract, buyer and seller have some commonly understood rules to specifically refer to, they can be sure of defining their respective responsibilities simply and safely.
15、最惠国待遇并不是什么特殊待遇，而只是正常的贸易地位。受惠国只是享有被征收关税表中最低关税的待遇。
The most-favored nation treatment is not really a special treatment but a normal trading status. The favored country is given the lowest tariffs only within the tariff schedule.
2、有形贸易是指将在一国生产或制造的商品，出口或进口到另一国消费或转售。
Visible trade refers to exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in an-other.
8、尽管内部存在矛盾，外部有来自非欧佩克产油国的竞争，但欧佩克这个占世界产油量40%的组织对油价的影响是世界各国无法忽视的。
Despite internal contradictions and cornpetition from non-OPEC oil producing countries, the influence on oil prices by OPEC that accounts for 40% of the global oil production is something the world cannot afford to neglect.
20、书面谈判往往以买方询盘开始，发生询盘是为了了解预购货物的有关信息，包括各种贸易条件。
Written negotiations often begin with enquires made by the buyers to get information about the goods to be ordered including all the terms of trade.
1、国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而此国内贸易要复杂得多。
International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. It involves more factors and thus is more complicated than, domestic business.
10、广阔的地域分布是跨国企业的一个特点，这使得它在资源和定价的决策上有很大的选择范围，也使它能更方便地利用世界经济的变化。
Wide geographical spread is characteristic of MNEs. It enables them to have a wide range of options in terms of decision-makings on sourcing and pricing. They are also more able to take advantage of changes in the international economic environment.
19、2000年对国际贸易术语解释通则的修改考虑了无关税区的发展，商务活动中电子通讯使用的增加，以及运输方式的变化。
The 2000revision of Incoterms took account of the spread of customs-free zones, the increased use of electronic communication, and the change in transport practices.
4、国民生产总值指一个经济体凭借其居民拥有的资产和劳动力所生产的货物和服务的市场价值。
GNP refers to the market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy.
13、贸易的比较优势是基于比较优势理论，即各国生产相比较而言效率更高的那种特殊产品。更理想的是，各国集中专门生产它的特殊产品，然后再进行相互间的贸易。
The advantage of trade are based on the theory of comparative advantage, where each country produces a particular product more efficiently than another. Ideally, each country focuses re-sources on producing its specialty, and then trades with one an-other.
22、虽然易货贸易是原始、低效，并且昂贵的贸易方式，但是发展中国家巨大的债务以及世界上大量的商品过剩使其不可避免。
Barter trade is a primitive, inefficient expensive way of doing business, but the massive debts of developing countries and the world’s oversupply of goods make it inescapable.
18、当卖方不得不提示可转让的运输单据，尤其是出售货物所常用的提单时，就会产生特殊麻烦。
Particular problems arise when the seller has to present a negotiable transport document and notably the bill of lading which is frequently used for the purpose of selling the goods while they are being carried.
11、技术、资本和现成的市场是跨国企业组织带给欠发达国家的利益。跨国企业被认为是促进世界和各国经济发展的最有效的工具。
Technology, capital and ready markets are sort of benefits MNEs bring to less-developed countries. They are considered to be the most effective vehicle for the promoting of global and national economic welfare.