高中英语第一单元学案3新人教版选修6

使学生掌握虚拟语气的用法

【学习目标】：【温故知新】：

1.我在考虑着申请那个工作。___________________________________________

2.这个博物馆不仅仅只展览艺术。_______________________________________

3.太阳下山前我们走了30英里。___________________________________________

4.他们让我感觉像是家里的一员。__________________________________________

5.我们都想庆祝一番。___________________________________________

6.汤姆和麦克都不聪明。___________________________________________

7.一个记者都不被允许报道这次秘密会议

_______________________________________________________

8.普遍认为他是最好的足球运动员。

_______________________________________________________

9.她没有我那么高兴。___________________________________________

10.当他的儿子再次说谎时，他的悲伤甚于愤怒。

____________________________________________________________

【自学探究】：非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。

一、虚拟语气在从句中的使用

（1）虚拟语气即表达不可能发生或与预期相反的情况。首先我们应熟悉它在三种时态里的使用情况，这是正确使用虚拟语气的基础。这三种时态是：现在；过去；将来。

If I were a bird, I would fly to you. 如果我是只鸟，我就会飞到你身边去。

If it were not for their help, we should be in a very difficult position.

如果不是他们的帮忙，我们就会处于一个非常困难的境地。

If we had started earlier, we should not have missed the train.

如果我们早一点动身的话，就不会误车了。

If she hadn’t been ill, she might have come. 如果她不是病了，可能会来的

If Professor Li should have time tomorrow, we could ask him some questions.

如果李教授明天有空的话，我们可以问他点问题。

If there should be no air, there would be no living things.

如果没有空气，就不会有生物。

（2）条件状语从句的谓语部分有were, should和had 时，if 有时可以省略，这时从句的主语和谓语要用谓语要用倒装语序。

Were I you, I would go with them. 如果我是你的话，我就跟他们一块走。

Should I have time, I would call on her. 我要是有时间就去看她。

Had it not been for his help, I would not have succeeded.

如果没有他的帮助，我就不会成功

▲ if were not for …/ if it had not been for, 这两个句型倒装时，not 总是在it 后，即Were it not for…, Had it not been for…

（3）通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的, 但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式.

If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在, 主句指过去)。

换成我是你，我就会听从他的建议。

If we had not got everything ready by now, we should be having a more terrible time tomorrow. （从句指现在，主句指将来）

如果现在一切还没准备好，明天情况就更糟了

二、含蓄条件句

有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,二是暗含在上下文中,比如通过介词短语来表示。这些介词常是：but for, without, otherwise等。如：

But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully.

如果不是听了你的建议，我就不会做的如此成功。

The change could not have taken place without the open-door policy.

没有开放的政策，就不会有如此大的变化。

I was so busy then. Otherwise, I would have told him the answer.

我当时很忙，否则，我就会把答案告诉他的。

【题例训练】

1. If you had listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.

A. are

B. were

C. would be

D. would have been

2. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.

A. Will there be

B. Should there be

C. There will be

D. There should be

3. _____ today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave

B. Was he leaving

C. Were he to leave

D. If he leave

4. Should it rain, the crops _____ .

A. would be saved

B. would have been saved

C. will be saved

D. had been saved

5. I’m glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _____ . A. I may have failed B. I’d fail C. I’d have failed D. I’ll have failed

6. What should we do if it _____ tomorrow?

A. should snow

B. would snow

C. snow

D. will snow

7. We _____ the work on time without your help.

A. hadn’t had finished

B. didn’t have finished

C. couldn’t have finished

D. can’t have finished

8. --- “Where have you been?

--- “I got caught in traffic; otherwise _____ sooner.”

A. I would be here

B. I have been here

C. I had been here

D. I would have been here

9. If it were not for the fact that you _____ ill, I would ask you to do this right now.

A. were

B. had been

C. are

D. should be

10. Without electricity human life ______ quite difficult today.

A. is

B. will be

C. would have been

D. would be

11. If there were no subjunctive mood, English ____much easier.

A. will be

B. would be

C. could have been

D. would have been

12. _______ your letter, I would have written back two days ago.

A. If I received

B. Should I receive

C. Had I received

D. If I could have received

13 If they had left home early, they______ in half an hour.

A would arrive

B should arrive

C would have

D could have

14 There would not such modern industry ______ electricity.

A otherwise

B except

C other than

D without