国际私法英文专业词汇对照表

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国际私法专业术语

涉外侵权的法律适用比较损害方法船舶碰撞侵权行为侵权行为地法双重可诉原则侵权行为准据法损害结果发生地规则侵权行为自体法
comparative-impairment approach collision tort law of the place of wrong rule of double actionability applicable law of tort place of impact rule proper law of the torts
冲突规范与准据法场所支配行为重叠适用的冲突规范当事人合意选择的法律定性动态连结点法院地法分类附带问题国际惯例合同缔结地法静态连结点客观连结点连结点连结对象连结因素旗国法侵权行为地法人际法律冲突时际法律冲突实体规范时效问题属人法单边冲突规范双边冲突规范外国法的适用
autonomy of will choosing and picking, depecage the proper law of the Contract Characteristic Performance place of performance place of making Party Autonomy law of the place of the most significant relationship the Most Closest Connect Doctrine
中文索引
国际私法专业术语（中英文对照）
英文索引
国际私法概论冲突法冲突规范法律适用规范法律选择规范法域国际法律冲突国际交往互利国际私法国际私法规范国际条约国际统一程序法条约国际统一冲突法条约国际统一实体法条约任意性惯例涉外因素属地管辖权属人管辖权隐存的法律冲突直接调整方法间接调整方法

国际私法英文术语

国际私法英文第一章国际私法概述涉外民事关系civil relations with foreign factors国际民事关系international civil relation法律冲突conflict of laws冲突问题conflict problem冲突规范conflict rules，choice of law rules法律渊源sources of law法官造法judge made law冲突法重述restatement of conflict of laws选购法院forum shopping通例general practice国际私法基本原则basic principle of private international law 穷人规范poor persons rules法则区别说theory of statutes冲突法conflict of laws私国际法private international law国际私法international private law第三章国际私法主体关贸总协定GATT与贸易有关的知识产权协定trips与贸易有关的投资措施协议trims原始住所domicile of origin选择住所domicile of choice法定住所statuary domicile惯常居所habitual residence绝对豁免论doctrine of absolute immunity 限制豁免论doctrine of restrictive immunity 废除豁免论doctrine of abolishing immunity第四章冲突规范与准据法冲突规范conflict rules属人法lex personalis物之所在地法lex rei sitae，lex situs行为地法lex loci actus合同缔结地法lex loci contractus合同履行地法lex loci solutions婚姻举行地法lex loci celebrations侵权行为地法lex loci delicti法院地法lex fori旗国法law of the flag当事人合意选择的法律lex voluntatis意思自治autonomy of will客观连接点objective point of contact主观连接点subjective point of contact静态连接点constant point of contact动态连接点variable point of contact准据法lex causes，applicable law先决问题preliminary question 附带问题incidental problem第五章冲突规范的运用识别qualification classification characterization反致renvoi转致transmission间接反致indirect remission双重反致double renvoi公共秩序保留reservation of public order法律规避evasion of law第六章民事能力的法律适用推定存活presumption of life禁治产人interdiction第七章婚姻家庭的法律适用领事婚姻consular marriage第八章继承的法律适用区别制scission system同一制unitary system人法personal statutes无人继承财产bona vacantia法定继承人ultimate heir第十章知识产权的法律适用专利权patent著作权copyright第十一章合同的法律适用意思自治原则the doctrine of the autonomy of the parties 最密切联系原则theory of the most significant relationship 合同自体法property law of contract特征履行法approach of characteristic performance纳入方式adoption转化方式transformation自执行self-executing非自执行non self-executing第十二章商事关系的法律适用（这章太多了有的没摘）海上货运输合同：contract for the carriage of goods 租船合同：contract of affreightment提单：bill of lading保险人insurer or underwriter被保险人：insured or assured投保人：applicant代理权：authority第十三章侵权行为的法律适用侵权行为自体法：proper law of the tort第十四章不当得利和无因管理的法律适用返还请求权：restitution第十五章国际民事诉讼不方便法院原则：forum non-convenient doctrine 司法文书：judicial documents司法外文书：extrajudicial documents特派员：commissioners请求书：letter of request第十六章国际商事仲裁国际商事仲裁：international commercial arbitration 国际商事仲裁院：ICC解决投资争端国际中心：ICSID中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会：CIETAC中国海事仲裁委员会：CMAC国际商事仲裁协议：arbitration agreement仲裁条款：arbitration clause仲裁协议书：submission to arbitration agreements 自裁管辖原则：competence-competence临时性保全措施：interim measure of protection。

国际私法中英名词对照

第一章+第二章涉外民事关系、国际私法的历史1、涉外民事关系civil relations involving foreign elements2、法域territorial legal unit3、法律冲突conflict of laws4、涉外民事关系的调整方法包括间接调整方法（indirect regulating method）和直接调整方法（direct regulating method）间接调整方法包括冲突规范（conflict rules）直接调整方法包括国际统一实体法、国内直接适用法（Loi d’application immediate）5、“择地行诉”或“挑选法院”forum shopping6、历史（1）法则区别时代（theory of statutes）巴托鲁斯Bartolus、杜摩兰Dumoulin、胡伯Huber（2）近代冲突法斯托雷Joseph Story、萨维尼Savigny、黛西Diecy、孟西尼Mancini（3）当代冲突法比尔Beale （Restatement of the Law, Conflict of Laws）里斯Reese （Restatement of the Law, Second, Conflict of Laws）凯弗斯Cavers柯里Currie （政府利益分析说governmental interests analysis theory）7、条约在国内的适用方式：转变（transform）和纳入（adopt）8、国际习惯international custom9、国际惯例international usage10、商事惯例commercial custom or usage11、万民法jus gentium12、不动产应归于长子immovable fall to the first-born13、长子应继承财产the first-born shall succeed14、立法管辖权legislative jurisdiction15、内容导向content oriented 结果导向result oriented16、冲突正义conflicts justice 实体正义material justice17、海牙国际私法会议Hague Conference on Private International Law第三章冲突规范1、冲突规范conflict rules法律适用规范rules of application of law法律选择规范choice of law rules2、范围category3、准据法lex causae 或者applicable law4、系属attribution5、连结点connection points或者point of contact6、静态/动态连结点constant/variable point of contact7、惯常居所habitual residence8、软化处理softening process9、侵权行为自体法proper law of torts10、单边/双边冲突规范unilateral/bilateral conflict rules11、重叠性/选择性冲突规范double/choice rules for regulating the conflict of laws12、系属公式fomula of attribution13、属人法lex personalis14、国籍国法lex patriae 或者lex nationalis15、住所地法lex domicilii16、法人属人法personal law of legal person17、物之所在地法lex rei sitae或者lex situs18、行为地法lex loci actus19、场所支配行为locus regit actum20、合同缔结地法lex loci contractus21、合同履行地法lex loci solutionis22、侵权行为地法lex loci delicti23、婚姻缔结地法lex loci celebrationis24、法院地法lex fori25、当事人合意选择的法律lex voluntatis26、旗国法the law of the flag27、与案件或当事人有最密切联系的国家的法律the law with which the action or the party has its closest connection28、分割depecage29、程序正义procedural justice30、替代性争议解决方法alternative dispute resolutions ADR31、识别qualification characterization classification32、初级/二级识别primary/secondary characterization第四章准据法1、反致renvoi remission2、国内法national law3、内国法domestic law4、转致transmission5、间接反致indirect remission6、先决问题preliminary question7、实质substance8、区际法律冲突interregional conflict of laws9、人际法律冲突interpersonal conflict of laws10、时际法律冲突intertemporal conflict of laws11、法律规避evasion of law12、外国法的证明proof of foreign law13、当事人举证证明principle of hearing the parties14、公共秩序public order15、公共秩序保留reservation of public order第五章外国人民事法律地位1、国民待遇national treatment2、最惠国待遇most-favoured-nation treatment MFN3、歧视待遇discrimination treatment4、互惠待遇reciprocal treatment5、优惠待遇preferential treatment第六章国际私法关系的主题1、住所domicile2、原始住所domicile of origin3、选择住所domicile of choice4、法定住所statutory domicile5、居所residence6、惯常居所habitual residence7、法人legal person8、跨国公司transnational company9、所在地seat第七章分论1、知识产权intellectual property2、意思自治原则autonomy of will3、特征性履行说doctrine of characteristic performance4、领事婚姻consular marriage国际民事诉讼1、长臂原则long arm jurisdiction2、最低接触minimum contact3、择地行诉forum shopping4、不方便法院原则principle of forum non conveniens5、禁诉令anti-suit injunctions6、绝对/相对豁免权doctrine of absolute/relative immunity7、国家行为理论act of state doctrine8、域外送达extraterritorial service9、域外调查取证extraterritorial discovery, the taking of evidence abroad10、特派员commissioner国际商事仲裁1、国际商事仲裁international commercial arbitration2、仲裁员arbitrator3、临时仲裁ad hoc arbitration4、机构仲裁institutional arbitration5、善良和公平原则ex bono et aequo6、国际商事仲裁协议international commercial arbitration agreements7、仲裁条款arbitration clause8、仲裁协议书submission to arbitration agreements9、可仲裁性arbitrability10、中间裁决interlocutory award11、部分裁决partial award12、终局裁决final award13、仲裁法lex arbitrii。

常用国际法词汇

常用国际法词汇Jus gentium 万民法Law of nations 万国法Public International law国际公法Oppenheim奥本海Hugo Grotius胡果·格劳秀斯Universal// general// special international law普遍/一般/特殊国际法Features of international law 国际法的特征Natures of international law 国际法的性质International comity 国际礼让codification of international law国际法的编纂International Law Commission（the ILC）（联合国）国际法委员会Effects of IL 国际法的效力The basis of international law 国际法的效力根据Naturalists 自然法学派Positivists 实在法学派Gratians 格老秀斯派（Compromise school“折中”学派）social solidarity school社会连带法学派normalism 规范法学派theory of power politics权力政治说theory of policy-oriented政策定向说Congress of Westphalia 威斯特伐利亚公会Martin 丁韪良sources of international law国际法的渊源International custom国际习惯material element “物质因素”psychological element “心理因素”general practice通例Usage惯例opinio juris “法律确信”resolutions of international organizations国际组织的决议General principles of law一般法律原则judicial decisions 司法判例The teachings//writings of publicists 公法学家学说Contractual treaty 契约性条约Law-making treaty 造法性条约Application of IL 国际法的适用The relationship between international and domestic// municipal law国际法与国内法的关系Monism 一元论Dualism 二元论adoption//incorporation采纳//纳入transformation转化（把国际法规则内容制定为国内法规则）国际法的基本原则Fundamental principles of international law jus cogens强行法，亦称强制规律peremptory normSovereignty主权Principle of sovereign equality主权平等原则principle of non-intervention不干内政原则internal affairs内政matters within domestic jurisdiction国内管辖之事件"Humanitarian" intervention “人道主义”干涉Principle of self-determination民族自决原则The subjects of international law国际法主体International personality国际人格者Permanent population固定的居民Defined territory 确定的领土Government 政府Unitary state 单一国Composite states//union of states复合国//国家的联合Dependent country 附属国Federation 联邦Confederation 联邦Permanent neutralized state永久中立国British Commonwealth of Nations英联邦French Community法兰西共同体Vassal state 附庸国Suzerain state 宗主国Protected//protecting stateFUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF STATES国家的基本权利Right of independence 独立权Right of equality 平等权Right of self-defense 自卫权Right of self-preservation自保权Right of jurisdiction 管辖权Territorial jurisdiction /jurisdiction based on residence领域管辖/属地管辖Personal jurisdiction/jurisdiction based on citizenship 属人管辖/国籍管辖Protective jurisdiction 保护性管辖Universal jurisdiction 普遍管辖State immunity 国家豁免权par in parem non habet imperium拉丁语，“平等者之间无管辖权”The doctrine of absolute immunity绝对豁免原则The doctrine of relative or restrictive immunity 相对豁免原则 RECOGNITION AND SUCCESSIONrecognition of states and governments国家和政府的承认 States succession 国家继承territorial change 领土变更Unconstitutional regime change不合宪法的政权更迭Constitutive theory 构成说Declaratory theory 宣告说De jure recognition 法律上承认De facto recognition 事实上承认Effective control 有效统治Principle of effectiveness 有效统治原则doctrine of non- recognition不承认主义，如，史汀生主义（the Stimson doctrine ）Estrada doctrine 艾斯特拉达主义——墨西哥的实践Recognition of national liberation movement民族解放运动组织的承认Insurgent body 叛乱团体 Belligerent body 交战团体 Personal treaty 人身条约dispositive//non-personal treaties非人身条约The clean s/plate rule 白板规则State property 国家财产 State debt 国家债务Localized state debt 地方化债务malicious debt “恶债”State archives 国家档案国际法律责任 responsibility in international law Internationally wrongful acts 国际不法行为international crimes国际罪行subjective responsibility主观责任说objective responsibility客观责任说Imputability//attributability可归责性或可归因性limitations of sovereignty限制主权restitution恢复原状compensation赔偿apology道歉liability for acts of international damage 国际损害行为的责任activities not prohibited by international law 国际法不加禁止行为state territory 国家领土Territory 领土territorial sovereignty 领土主权the acquisition and change of territory领土的取得与变更Occupation先占Terra nullius无主地Effective occupation有效占领Prescription时效Accretion添附Cession割让Conquest征服Plebiscite//referendum全民投票，又称全民公决Self-determination of peoples民族自决condominium 共管 lease租借Sphere of influence势力范围International servitude国际地役Boundary and frontier 边界与边境Antarctic Treaty System “南极条约体系”The sector principle 扇形原则The law of the sea 海洋法The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea 《联合国海洋法公约》Territorial sea领海Normal baseline正常基线，亦称“低潮线”the low water line Straight baseline 直线基线Innocent passage无害通过Contiguous Zone 毗连区Exclusive economic zone 专属经济区（EEZ ）Continental shelf 大陆架Transit passage过境通行International straits国际海峡Transit passage过境通行Archipelagic waters群岛水域Archipelagic baselines群岛基线freedom of the high seas公海自由Flags of convenience 方便旗Piracy海盗，海盗行为Right of visit登临权Right of hot pursuit 紧追权International seabed area国际海底区域Common heritage of mankind人类共同继承财产The parallel exploitation regime“平行开发制”International Seabed Authority 国际海底管理局International air law国际航空法Air space空气空间Sovereignty of territorial airspace 领空主权State aircraft国家航空器Civil aircraft民用航空器Scheduled flight定期飞行即航班飞行Non- scheduled flight不定期飞行即非航班飞行Hijacking空中劫持either extradition or prosecution principle 或引渡或起诉Outer Space Law 外层空间法Outer space 外空Spacecraft航天器Space Objects 空间物体Registration system登记制度The principle of strict liability严格责任原则The principle of liability fault过失责任原则Residents of international law国际法上的居民Nationality国籍Original nationality固有国籍或原始国籍Jus sanguinis血统主义Jus soli出生地主义Acquired nationality继有国籍Naturalization入籍，旧称归化Double nationality双重国籍Conflict of nationality国籍的抵触//冲突Statelessness无国籍Diplomatic protection外交保护Exhaustion of local remendies用尽当地救济Passport护照 Visa签证National treatment国民待遇Most-favored- nation- treatment最惠国待遇Differential treatment差别待遇Reciprocal treatment 互惠待遇Preferential treatment优惠待遇Extradition引渡Non-extradition of political offender政治犯不引渡Asylum庇护Political refuge政治避难Territorial asylum域内庇护，亦称“领土庇护”Extraterritorial asylum 域外庇护Diplomatic asylum“外交庇护”Refugee identity难民身份Principle of non-refoulement不推回原则Diplomatic and Consular Relations Law外交和领事关系法Diplomatic relations 外交关系Consul领事Consular relations领事关系Mission/embassy使馆The head of the mission使馆馆长Ambassador大使Minister 公使chargé d'affaires （法）代办Persona non grata （拉）“不受欢迎的人”Unacceptable person“不可接受的人”diplomatic privileges and immunities外交特权与豁免Theory of extra-territorial jurisdiction 治外法权说Theory of personal representation代表说Theory of functional necessity职务需要说Diplomatic Corps外交团Special Missions特别使团Consular Privileges and Immunities领事特权与豁免THE LAW OF TREATIES国际条约法Bilateral treaties双边条约Multilateral treaties多边条约Law-making treaty造法性条约Contractual treaty契约性条约convention公//专约 treaty条约agreement 协定 charter宪章covenant ,statute 盟约、规约(general//final) act (总//最后)文件(additional//final )protocol(附加//最后)议定书exchange of notes 换文memorandum of understanding谅解备忘录declaration 宣言joint declaration//statement 联合声明joint communique 联合公报constitution 组织章程arrangement 补充协定treaty-making capacity 缔约能力treaty-making power 缔约权conclusion and entry into force of treaties条约的缔结和生效negotiation 谈判 initiating草签authentication 认证(full) signature 签署sanction of treaty 核准ratification, acceptance, approval批准、接受、赞同full representative全权代表full power 全权证书accession 加入reservation 保留pacta sunt servanda 约定必须信守（拉丁）application and interpretation of treaties适用与解释条约amendment, termination, suspen-sion of operation 条约的修改、终止与停止执行invalidity of treaties条约的无效amendment/modification修正/改provisional application 暂时适用material breach 重大违约fundamental change of circumstances 情势根本变更PEACEFUL SETTLEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES国际争端法the principle of peaceful settlement of international disputes justiciable//non-justiciable dispute可裁判的//不可裁判的争端amicable//compulsive settlement和谐//强迫解决方法Political methods //legal methods of settlements政治//法律解决方法retortion 反报 reprisals 报复pacific blockade 平时封锁negotiation 谈判consultation 协商inquiry//investigation 调查good offices 斡旋mediation 调停conciliation 和解The Permanent Court of Arbitration 常设仲裁法院judicial settlement 司法解决Permanent Court of International Justice 国际常设法院International Court of Justice国际法院Independent judges独立法官Judge ad hoc“专案法官”或“特别法官”（special judge）Contentious jurisdiction诉讼管辖权Advisory jurisdiction咨询管辖权Voluntary jurisdiction自愿管辖Conventional jurisdiction协定管辖Optional compulsory jurisdiction任意强制管辖Institution of proceedings起诉written//oral proceedings书面//口头程序memorial 诉状counter-memorial 反诉状regional agencies or arrangements区域机关和区域办法国际组织法League of Nations（国际联盟）United Nations（UN ）联合国The purposes and principles of the United Nations联合国的宗旨和原则Original/elective member创始/纳入成员Decision-making //voting system 决策//表决制度United Nations Charter联合国宪章the General Assembly联合国大会the Security Council安全理事会Veto否决权the principle of unanimity of great powers大国一致原则Economic and Social Council经社理事会Trusteeship Council托管理事会Secretariat秘书处Secretary-General联合国秘书长Regional International Organizations区域性国际组织Specialized Agencies(联合国专门机构）The Collective Security System（联合国集体安全体制）The UN Peace-keeping Operations（联合国维和行动）复习备考（仅供参考，不可押题！）常见名词：⏹属地管辖权国际法不加禁止行为属人管辖权⏹无害通过引渡庇护过境通行⏹全权证书造法性条约草签⏹添附继有国籍人类共同继承财产⏹否决权斡旋安理会国际法院⏹登临权紧追权平行开发制⏹协定管辖任意强制管辖复习备考（仅供参考，不可押题！）⏹思考题：⏹论国际法与国内法之间的关系。

(完整版)国际私法英文专业词汇对照表

索引词表中文索引英文索引AADR解决方法Alternative Dispute ResolutionB巴托鲁斯Bartolus 本地法说Local Law Theory 本国法lex partriae 比较损害方法comparative-impairment approach 并入或采纳adoption 跛脚婚姻limping marriage BOT投资方式Build-Operate-Transfer 部分裁决partial award 布鲁歇Brocher 不歧视待遇non-discriminate treatmentC常设仲裁机构permanent arbitration agency 场所支配行为locus regit actum 承认与执行外国法院判决recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments 程序规范procedure rules 重叠适用的冲突规范double conflict rules 冲突法the conflict of laws 冲突规范conflict rules 船舶抵押权ship mortgage 船舶留置权possessors lien on vessel 船舶碰撞collision船舶所有权ownership of ship 船舶优先权maritime lien 垂直的法律冲突vertical conflict of lawsD达让特莱D’Argentre 代理agency 戴赛Dicey 单边冲突规范unilateral conflict rules 单式运输分合同sub-contracts 单一反致single renvoi 单一破产制unitary bankruptcy 当事人合意选择的法律lex voluntatis 当事人意思自治autonomy of will 德帕涅Despagnet 地理标准geographic criterion 地域效力terr ito ria lity 定期租船合同time charter 定性qualification 东道国法律law of host country 动态连结点variable point of contact 杜摩兰Dumoulin 独任仲裁员sole arbitrator 对人诉讼管辖权in personam jurisdiction 对物诉讼管辖权in rem jurisdiction 多式运输经营人combined transport operatorE二级识别secondary characterization法定继承intestate succession 法定住所s ta tu tor y d o mic ile 法定管辖s ta tu to r y ju r isd ic tio n 法官知法jura novit curia 法律关系本座说Doctrine of the Seat of Particular Legal Relationships 法律规避e v a s i o n o f l a w 法律适用规范rules of application of law 法律选择规范choice-of-law rules 法人legal person 法人的国籍nationality of legal person 法人的住所domicile of legal person 法域law district 法院地法lex fori 法则区别说Statutist Theory 反致r e n v o i 非当地化de-localization 非国内化d e-n a t i o n a l i s e 非内国裁决标准non-domestic award test 非政府组织nongovernmental organization 非自执行条约non-self-executing treaty 废除豁免论The Doctrine of Abolishing Immunity 分割方法choosing and picking, depecage 分类classification 分析法学与比较法说the Theory of Analytical Jurisprudence and Comparative Law 附带问题incidental question 复合破产制pluralism bankruptcy 夫妻关系matrimonial relationship 伏特Voet个案识别说qualification case by case 公共秩序保留reservation of public order 公共政策public policy 共同海损general average 管辖权选择方法jurisdiction-selecting rules 光船租船合同bareboat charter 国籍的积极冲突positive conflict of nationality 国籍的消极冲突negative conflict of nationality 国际保理international factoring 国际贷款协议international loan agreement 国际法律冲突international conflict of laws 国际股票international shares 国际惯例International Usages 国际交往互利Mutual Benefit in International Communication 国际礼让说C o m i t y T h e o r y 国际贸易术语解释通则Incoterms 国际民商法International Civil and commercial Law 国际民商事关系International Civil and commercial legal relations 国际民事案件管辖权international civil jurisdiction 国际民事诉讼程序international civil litigation 国际民事诉讼法International Civil Procedure Law 国际破产international bankruptcy 国际商会仲裁院Court of Arbitration，ICC 国际商事仲裁international commercial arbitration 国际私法Private International Law 国际私法规范rules of private international law 国际司法协助international judicial assistance 国际条约International Conventions 国际统一程序法条约conventions on international procedure law国际统一冲突法条约conventions on conflict of laws 国际统一实体法条约conventions on international uniform substantive law 国际债券international debentures 国际证券international securities 国际仲裁international arbitration 国际组织international organization 国家豁免state immunity 国家及其财产豁免immunities of states and their property 国民待遇National Treatment 国有化nationalizationH海难救助salvage at sea 海事赔偿责任限制limitation of liability for maritime claims 《海牙规则》Hague Rules 《海牙—维斯比规则》Hague-Visby Rules 《汉堡规则》Hamburg Rules 航次租船合同voyage charter 合理的方法rational solution 合同contract 合同缔结地法lex loci contractus 合同自体法理论the proper law of the Contract 横向冲突horizontal conflict 胡伯Huber 互惠说reciprocal 汇票bill of exchange 混合法则statuta mixta 婚姻举行地法lex loci celebrationisJ既得权说the Theory of Vested or Acquired Rights 监护custody 间接代理indirect agency 间接反致indirect remission 间接管辖权indirect international jurisdiction 间接送达indirect service abroad 简易陪审团审判Summary Jury Trial 交互式ODR模式Interactive ODR Venues 结果选择方法result-selecting rules 结婚Marriage 解决投资争端国际中心International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes, ICSID “借用”法规”borrowing” statute 禁治产制度interdiction 静态连结点constant point of contact 居所residence 绝对豁免论The Doctrine of Absolute ImmunityK卡弗斯Cavers 康恩Kahn 客观标志原则the Objective Contacts Doctrine 客观连结点the objective point of contact 柯里Currie 肯塔基方法Kentucky Method 空间法律冲突inter-spatial conflict of laws 库克Cook 库恩K u h nL离婚Divorce 离线仲裁调解机构National Arbitration and Mediation 里斯Reese 立遗嘱能力capacity 连结点point of contact 连结对象object of connection 连结因素connecting factor 临时仲裁、特别仲裁ad hoc arbitration agency 领事裁判权consular jurisdiction 领事代理consular agency 领事途径consular mechanism 领域标准territorial testM美国仲裁协会AAA American Arbitration Association 孟西尼Mancini 民法施行法EGBGBN内国裁决domestic awardOODR Online Dispute ResolutionP票据negotiable instruments 聘请法官Rent-a-Judge 平等豁免论The Doctrine of Equal Immunity 平面的法律冲突horizontal conflict of laws破产bankruptcy 普遍的效力universality 普遍优惠待遇Treatment of Generalized System of PreferenceQ旗国法law of the flag 起作用的事实operative facts 戚希尔Cheshire 侵权行为t o r t 侵权行为地法law of the place of wrong 侵权行为地法lex loci delicti 亲子关系parent-children relationship 区别制separate system 区际私法private inter-regional law 区际法律冲突inter-regional conflict of lawsR人的法则statuta personalia 人际法律冲突Inter-personal conflict of laws 任意性惯例non-exclusive usages 任意管辖权non-exclusive jurisdiction 瑞典斯德哥尔摩商会仲裁院The Arbitration Institute of Stockholm Chamber of CommerceS萨维尼Savigny 商标trade mark 涉外私法Foreign Private Law 涉外因素foreign elements 识别characterization时际法律冲突Inter-temporal conflict of laws 实际国籍nationalitéeffective 实体规范s u b s t a n t i v e r u l e s 世界知识产权组织仲裁中心WIPO Arbitration Center 时效问题Limitation of actions, statute of limitation 实质性连结因素标准material connecting factors criterion 首席仲裁员chief arbitrator 收养a d o p t i o n 属地管辖权territorial jurisdiction 属人法lex personalis 属人管辖权personal jurisdiction 属人理由的豁免immunity ratione personae 属物理由的豁免immunity ratione matrriae 双边冲突规范bilateral conflict rules 双重反致double renvoi 双重可诉原则rule of double actionability 司法标准juridical criterion 司法管辖豁免immunity from jurisdiction 斯托雷S t o r y 诉讼代理litigation agency 诉讼费用担保security for costT特殊管辖权specific jurisdiction 特征性履行方法Characteristic Performance 提单Bill of Lading, L/B 调解mediation or conciliation 挑选法院fo r um shopp ing 同一制unitar y s yste m 推定存活presumption of lifeW瓦赫特尔Waechter 外国裁决foreign award 外国法的适用application of Foreign Laws 外国法内容的查明ascertainment of foreign law 外国法院说foreign court theory 外交途径diplomatic mechanism 魏斯Weiss 问题的分类classification of issues 物的法则statuta realia 物权Real Rights 物之所在地法lex rei sitae; lex situsX系属公式formula 狭义的反致r e m i s s i o n 先决问题preliminary question 限制豁免论The Doctrine of Relative or Restrictive Immunity 香港仲裁中心Hong Kong International Arbitration Center, HKIAC 协议管辖jurisdiction by agreement 小型审判Mini Trial 协商negotiation 信托trusts 行为地法lex loci actus 虚假冲突false conflicts 宣告死亡declaration of absence 选择适用的冲突规范alternative conflict rules 选择住所domicile of choiceY一般管辖权general jurisdiction 一般趋势general trends 依功能分析方法functional analysis approach 依规则选择方法Rule-selection Techniques 一级识别primary characterization 意思自治原则Party Autonomy 遗嘱w i l l s 遗嘱方式有效性formal validity 遗嘱撤销revocation 隐存的法律冲突potential conflict of laws 英国伦敦国际仲裁院London Court of International Arbitration 友好仲裁amiable composition 优惠待遇Preferential Treatment 有利益关系的州interested state 有效控制effective control 域外送达service abroad 域外调查取证extraterritorial discovery and taking evidence abroad 原始住所domicile of originZ真实冲突true Conflicts 争议的国际性质标准the international nature of dispute test 政府利益分析说Governmental Interests Analysis 政府间组织inter-governmental organization 直接管辖权direct international jurisdiction 直接送达direct service 直接调整方法direct approach 殖民地间的法律冲突intercolonial conflict of laws 支票c h e q u e知识产权intellectual property 治外法权说exterritoriality 执行豁免immunity from execution 仲裁a r b i t r a t i o n 仲裁裁决arbitral award 仲裁程序arbitration procedure 仲裁地的主张lex loci sever 仲裁地place of arbitration 仲裁条款arbitration clause 仲裁员异议challenge to arbitrator 仲裁协议arbitration agreement 仲裁协议书submission to arbitration agreement 中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会China International Economic and Trade ArbitrationC o m m i s s i o n,C I E T A C 中国海事仲裁委员会China Maritime Arbitration Commission, CMAC 中间裁决in te r lo cu to r y a wa r d 中央机关途径central authority mechanism 重力中心说the Center of Gravity Test 重力中心地Center of Gravity 纵向冲突ve r tic a l c on f lic t 主观连结点subjective point of contact 住所d o mic ile 住所地法lex domicile 著作权c o p yr ig h t 专利权p a t e n t 专属管辖权excusive jurisdiction 转化transfor mation 转致transmission 准据法applicable law, lex causae 准据法说lex causae准正legitimation 自动执行条约self-executing treaty 自然人权利能力Legal capacity 自然人的行为能力Disposing capacity 自体法说the Proper Law Doctrine 自助式ODR模式Automated ODR Venues 最惠国待遇the Most Favored-nation Treatment, MFN 最密切联系说Doctrine of the Most Significant Relationship 最密切联系地法law of the place of the most significant relationship 最密切联系原则the Most Closest Connect Doctrine 最真实联系说the Most Real Contact Doctrine 最终裁决final award。

国际私法英文专业词汇对照表

国际私法英文名词解释

1、actions in personal：对人诉讼。

只要有关案件的被告在诉讼开始时在内国境内且能有效地将传票送达给被告，内国法院就有权对案件行使管辖权，而不管被告具有何国国籍，其住所或贯常居所处在何国境内，也不问有关案件在哪国发生。

对法人只要该法人在内国有商业活动。

2、actions in rem：对物诉讼。

以物（财产）为诉讼对象，他不像对人诉讼那样要求法院加给被告人以责任和义务，而是要求法院确定某项财产的所有权或其他权利，这种诉讼判决的效力及于第三人。

在这种诉讼中，法院可能对被告没有管辖权，他对某物有管辖权，即在送达诉讼文书时，该物在管辖区内。

3、attribution：系属formula of attribution：系属公式，使冲突规范的系属公式化，成为固定的系属，用于解决同类性质的涉外民事关系的法律适用问题。

这种公式化，固定化的系属就叫系属公式。

4、autonomy of will; autonomie de le volonte：意思自治原则，杜摩林，选法时当事人自己做出选择，提倡法律统一。

5、characteristic performance：特征性履行。

瑞士吉施尼策尔。

双务合同中，交付货物或提供劳动等给付是特征性给付。

决定合同的准据法应依特征性履行为准。

但决定合同的准据法不应以特征性给付的履行地为准，而以负担特征性履行给付义务的当事人的住所地或惯常地为准。

6、comitas gentium：国际礼让说，荷兰胡伯，解决法律冲突三原则，1、绝对效力，仅限于主权范围内；2、境内人适用；3、对在外国已取得的权利给予尊重。

7、commissioner：特派员取证。

法院在审理涉外民商事案件时委派专门人员去外国境内提取证据的行为。

8、冲突规范的种类：（1）unilateral conflict rules：单边冲突规范。

直接指定适用某国法律。

（2）bilateral conflict rules：双边冲突规范。

国际私法英文名词解释

1、actions in personal：对人诉讼。

对法人只要该法人在内国有商业活动。

2、actions in rem：对物诉讼。

在这种诉讼中，法院可能对被告没有管辖权，他对某物有管辖权，即在送达诉讼文书时，该物在管辖区内。

3、attribution：系属formula of attribution：系属公式，使冲突规范的系属公式化，成为固定的系属，用于解决同类性质的涉外民事关系的法律适用问题。

这种公式化，固定化的系属就叫系属公式。

4、autonomy of will; autonomie de le volonte：意思自治原则，杜摩林，选法时当事人自己做出选择，提倡法律统一。

5、characteristic performance：特征性履行。

瑞士吉施尼策尔。

双务合同中，交付货物或提供劳动等给付是特征性给付。

决定合同的准据法应依特征性履行为准。

但决定合同的准据法不应以特征性给付的履行地为准，而以负担特征性履行给付义务的当事人的住所地或惯常地为准。

7、commissioner：特派员取证。

法院在审理涉外民商事案件时委派专门人员去外国境内提取证据的行为。

8、冲突规范的种类：（1）unilateral conflict rules：单边冲突规范。

直接指定适用某国法律。

（2）bilateral conflict rules：双边冲突规范。

（完整版）国际私法英文专业词汇对照表

（完整版）国际私法英文专业词汇对照表索引词表中文索引英文索引AADR解决方法Alternative Dispute ResolutionB巴托鲁斯Bartolus 本地法说Local Law Theory 本国法lex partriae 比较损害方法comparative-impairment approach 并入或采纳adoption 跛脚婚姻limping marriage BOT投资方式Build-Operate-Transfer 部分裁决partial award 布鲁歇Brocher 不歧视待遇non-discriminate treatmentC常设仲裁机构permanent arbitration agency 场所支配行为locus regit actum 承认与执行外国法院判决recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments 程序规范procedure rules 重叠适用的冲突规范double conflict rules 冲突法the conflict of laws 冲突规范conflict rules 船舶抵押权ship mortgage 船舶留置权possessors lien on vessel 船舶碰撞collision船舶所有权ownership of ship 船舶优先权maritime lien 垂直的法律冲突vertical conflict of lawsD达让特莱D’Argentre 代理agency 戴赛Dicey 单边冲突规范unilateral conflict rules 单式运输分合同sub-contracts 单一反致single renvoi 单一破产制unitary bankruptcy 当事人合意选择的法律lex voluntatis 当事人意思自治autonomy of will 德帕涅Despagnet 地理标准geographic criterion 地域效力terr ito ria lity 定期租船合同time charter 定性qualification 东道国法律law of host country 动态连结点variable point of contact 杜摩兰Dumoulin 独任仲裁员sole arbitrator 对人诉讼管辖权in personam jurisdiction 对物诉讼管辖权in rem jurisdiction 多式运输经营人combined transport operatorE二级识别secondary characterization法定继承intestate succession 法定住所s ta tu tor y d o mic ile 法定管辖s ta tu to r y ju r isd ic tio n 法官知法jura novit curia 法律关系本座说Doctrine of the Seat of Particular Legal Relationships 法律规避e v a s i o n o f l a w 法律适用规范rules of application of law 法律选择规范choice-of-law rules 法人legal person 法人的国籍nationality of legal person 法人的住所domicile of legal person 法域law district 法院地法lex fori 法则区别说Statutist Theory 反致r e n v o i 非当地化de-localization 非国内化d e-n a t i o n a l i s e 非内国裁决标准non-domestic award test 非政府组织nongovernmental organization 非自执行条约non-self-executing treaty 废除豁免论The Doctrine of Abolishing Immunity 分割方法choosing and picking, depecage 分类classification 分析法学与比较法说the Theory of Analytical Jurisprudence and Comparative Law 附带问题incidental question 复合破产制pluralism bankruptcy 夫妻关系matrimonial relationship 伏特Voet个案识别说qualification case by case 公共秩序保留reservation of public order 公共政策public policy 共同海损general average 管辖权选择方法jurisdiction-selecting rules 光船租船合同bareboat charter 国籍的积极冲突positive conflict of nationality 国籍的消极冲突negative conflict of nationality 国际保理international factoring 国际贷款协议international loan agreement 国际法律冲突international conflict of laws 国际股票international shares 国际惯例International Usages 国际交往互利Mutual Benefit in International Communication 国际礼让说C o m i t y T h e o r y 国际贸易术语解释通则Incoterms 国际民商法International Civil and commercial Law 国际民商事关系International Civil andcommercial legal relations 国际民事案件管辖权international civil jurisdiction 国际民事诉讼程序international civil litigation 国际民事诉讼法International Civil Procedure Law 国际破产international bankruptcy 国际商会仲裁院Court of Arbitration，ICC 国际商事仲裁international commercial arbitration 国际私法Private International Law 国际私法规范rules of private international law 国际司法协助international judicial assistance 国际条约International Conventions 国际统一程序法条约conventions on international procedure law国际统一冲突法条约conventions on conflict of laws 国际统一实体法条约conventions on international uniform substantive law 国际债券international debentures 国际证券international securities 国际仲裁international arbitration 国际组织international organization 国家豁免state immunity 国家及其财产豁免immunities of states and their property 国民待遇National Treatment 国有化nationalizationH海难救助salvage at sea 海事赔偿责任限制limitation of liability for maritime claims 《海牙规则》Hague Rules 《海牙—维斯比规则》Hague-Visby Rules 《汉堡规则》Hamburg Rules 航次租船合同voyage charter 合理的方法rational solution 合同contract 合同缔结地法lex loci contractus 合同自体法理论the proper law of the Contract 横向冲突horizontal conflict 胡伯Huber 互惠说reciprocal 汇票bill of exchange 混合法则statuta mixta 婚姻举行地法lex loci celebrationisJ既得权说the Theory of Vested or Acquired Rights 监护custody 间接代理indirect agency 间接反致indirect remission 间接管辖权indirect international jurisdiction 间接送达indirect service abroad 简易陪审团审判Summary Jury Trial 交互式ODR模式Interactive ODR Venues 结果选择方法result-selecting rules 结婚Marriage 解决投资争端国际中心International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes, ICSID “借用”法规”borrowing” statut e 禁治产制度interdiction 静态连结点constant point of contact 居所residence 绝对豁免论The Doctrine of Absolute ImmunityK卡弗斯Cavers 康恩Kahn 客观标志原则the Objective Contacts Doctrine 客观连结点the objective point of contact 柯里Currie 肯塔基方法Kentucky Method 空间法律冲突inter-spatial conflict of laws 库克Cook 库恩K u h nL离婚Divorce 离线仲裁调解机构National Arbitration and Mediation 里斯Reese 立遗嘱能力capacity 连结点point of contact 连结对象object of connection 连结因素connecting factor 临时仲裁、特别仲裁ad hoc arbitration agency 领事裁判权consular jurisdiction 领事代理consular agency 领事途径consular mechanism 领域标准territorial testM美国仲裁协会AAA American Arbitration Association 孟西尼Mancini 民法施行法EGBGBN内国裁决domestic awardOODR Online Dispute ResolutionP票据negotiable instruments 聘请法官Rent-a-Judge 平等豁免论The Doctrine of Equal Immunity 平面的法律冲突horizontal conflict of laws破产bankruptcy 普遍的效力universality 普遍优惠待遇Treatment of Generalized System of PreferenceQ旗国法law of the flag 起作用的事实operative facts 戚希尔Cheshire 侵权行为t o r t 侵权行为地法law of the place of wrong 侵权行为地法lex loci delicti 亲子关系parent-children relationship 区别制separate system 区际私法private inter-regional law 区际法律冲突inter-regional conflict of lawsR人的法则statuta personalia 人际法律冲突Inter-personal conflict of laws 任意性惯例non-exclusive usages 任意管辖权non-exclusive jurisdiction 瑞典斯德哥尔摩商会仲裁院The Arbitration Institute of Stockholm Chamber of CommerceS萨维尼Savigny 商标trade mark 涉外私法Foreign Private Law 涉外因素foreign elements 识别characterization时际法律冲突Inter-temporal conflict of laws 实际国籍nationalitéeffective 实体规范s u b s t a n t i v e r u l e s 世界知识产权组织仲裁中心WIPO Arbitration Center 时效问题Limitation of actions, statute of limitation 实质性连结因素标准material connecting factors criterion 首席仲裁员chief arbitrator 收养a d o p t i o n 属地管辖权territorial jurisdiction 属人法lex personalis 属人管辖权personal jurisdiction 属人理由的豁免immunity ratione personae 属物理由的豁免immunity ratione matrriae 双边冲突规范bilateral conflict rules 双重反致double renvoi 双重可诉原则rule of double actionability 司法标准juridical criterion 司法管辖豁免immunity from jurisdiction 斯托雷S t o r y 诉讼代理litigation agency 诉讼费用担保security for costT特殊管辖权specific jurisdiction 特征性履行方法CharacteristicPerformance 提单Bill of Lading, L/B 调解mediation or conciliation 挑选法院fo r um shopp ing 同一制unitar y s yste m 推定存活presumption of lifeW瓦赫特尔Waechter 外国裁决foreign award 外国法的适用application of Foreign Laws 外国法内容的查明ascertainment of foreign law 外国法院说foreign court theory 外交途径diplomatic mechanism 魏斯Weiss 问题的分类classification of issues 物的法则statuta realia 物权Real Rights 物之所在地法lex rei sitae; lex situs X系属公式formula 狭义的反致r e m i s s i o n 先决问题preliminary question 限制豁免论The Doctrine of Relative or Restrictive Immunity 香港仲裁中心Hong Kong International Arbitration Center, HKIAC 协议管辖jurisdiction by agreement 小型审判Mini Trial 协商negotiation 信托trusts 行为地法lex loci actus 虚假冲突false conflicts 宣告死亡declaration of absence 选择适用的冲突规范alternative conflict rules 选择住所domicile of choice 一般管辖权general jurisdiction 一般趋势general trends 依功能分析方法functional analysis approach 依规则选择方法Rule-selection Techniques 一级识别primary characterization 意思自治原则Party Autonomy 遗嘱w i l l s 遗嘱方式有效性formal validity 遗嘱撤销revocation 隐存的法律冲突potential conflict of laws 英国伦敦国际仲裁院London Court of International Arbitration 友好仲裁amiable composition 优惠待遇Preferential Treatment 有利益关系的州interested state 有效控制effective control 域外送达service abroad 域外调查取证extraterritorial discovery and taking evidence abroad 原始住所domicile of originZ真实冲突true Conflicts 争议的国际性质标准the international nature of dispute test 政府利益分析说Governmental InterestsAnalysis 政府间组织inter-governmental organization 直接管辖权direct international jurisdiction 直接送达direct service 直接调整方法direct approach 殖民地间的法律冲突intercolonial conflict of laws 支票c h e q u e知识产权intellectual property 治外法权说exterritoriality 执行豁免immunity from execution 仲裁a r b i t r a t i o n 仲裁裁决arbitral award 仲裁程序arbitration procedure 仲裁地的主张lex loci sever 仲裁地place of arbitration 仲裁条款arbitration clause 仲裁员异议challenge to arbitrator 仲裁协议arbitration agreement 仲裁协议书submission to arbitration agreement 中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会China International Economic and Trade ArbitrationC o m m i s s i o n,C I E T A C 中国海事仲裁委员会China Maritime Arbitration Commission, CMAC 中间裁决in te r lo cu to r y a wa r d 中央机关途径central authority mechanism 重力中心说the Center of Gravity Test 重力中心地Center of Gravity 纵向冲突ve r tic a l c on f lic t 主观连结点subjective point of contact 住所d o mic ile 住所地法lex domicile 著作权c o p yr ig h t 专利权p a t e n t 专属管辖权excusive jurisdiction 转化transfor mation 转致transmission 准据法applicable law, lex causae 准据法说lex causae 准正legitimation 自动执行条约self-executing treaty 自然人权利能力Legal capacity 自然人的行为能力Disposing capacity 自体法说the Proper Law Doctrine 自助式ODR模式Automated ODR Venues 最惠国待遇the Most Favored-nation Treatment, MFN 最密切联系说Doctrine of the Most Significant Relationship 最密切联系地法law of the place of the most significant relationship 最密切联系原则the Most Closest Connect Doctrine 最真实联系说the Most Real Contact Doctrine 最终裁决final award。

国际法术语表

《国际法》（英文）术语中英文对照表Cannon-shot rule 大炮射程规则 customary law 习惯法Continental shelf大陆架 ambassador 大使High sea 公海 equitable principles 公平原则Minister 公使 extradition 引渡Exclusive economic zone, EEZ,专属经济区terra nullius 无主地Innocent passage 无害通过 sovereignty 主权Sovereign rights 主权权利 absolute immunity 绝对豁免Restrictive immunity限制豁免 judicial decision司法判决World trade organization, WTO,世界贸易组织 asylum 庇护charge d'affaires代办 transit passage 过境通行naturalization 归化 exhaustion of local remedies 用尽当地救济freedom of navigation 航行自由 self defense 自卫rights of self determination 自决权 tariff 关税arbitration 仲裁 reservation of treaty 条约的保留League of Nations 国际联盟 International Court of Justice 国际法院International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea，ITLOS，国际海洋法法庭International Civil Aviation Organization, ICAO，国际民用航空组织International disputes 国际争端International Monetary Fund, IMF,国际货币基金组织Subjects of international law，国际法主体International Criminal Court,ICC,国际刑事法院 nationality 国籍Municipal/domestic law 国内法 state sovereignty 国家主权Counselor 参赞 separate customs territory 单独关税区Au dedere aut punier或引渡或起诉 head of mission 使馆馆长Soft law 软法 conciliation 和解European Court of Human Rights, ECHR,欧洲人权法院Concert of Europe 欧洲协作 non-governmental organizations,NGOs,非政府组织The Peace of Westphalia 威斯特法利亚和会 asylum 庇护Piracy 海盗 negotiation 谈判Mediation 调解 congress of Vienna 维也纳和会United Nations 联合国jus cogens 强行法Collective security system 集体保障机制 estoppels禁止反言Yalta System 雅尔塔体系United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization，UNESCO，联合国教育、科学和文化组织International Law Commission,ILC,国际法委员会General Assembly of the United Nations，联合国大会Economic and Social Council of the United Nations,ECOSOC,联合国经济及社会理事会。

国际私法英文术语

国际法100单词

85
Association of South-East Asian Nations
东南亚国家联盟
86
Negotioation
谈判
87
Full Powers
全权证书
88
Adoption
议定
89
Ratification
批准
90
Accession
加入
91
Reservation
保留
92
International Dispute
35
Extradition
引渡
36
Double Criminality Principle
双重犯罪原则
37
Asylum
庇护
38
Territorial Asylum
域内庇护
39
Extra-territorial Asylum
域外庇护
40
Refugee
难民
41
International Political Refugee
国际争端
93
Conciliation
协商
94
Good Offices
斡旋
95
Mediation
调停
96
International Arbitration
国际仲裁
97
International Human Rights Law
国际人权法
98
International invironment Law
国际环境法
最惠国待遇
30
passport
护照
31
Consular Jurisdiction

国际商法专业词汇中英文对照表

国际商法专业词汇中英文对照A Note on the Incoterms（国际贸易术语通则解释）Absolute Advantage(亚当.斯密的绝对优势理论)Acceptance with Modifications（对邀约做出修改、变更的承诺）Acceptance（承诺/受盘）Act of State Doctrine（国家行为主义）Act of the Parties （当事人的行为）Administrative Management （经营管理）Advising and Confirming Letters of Credit（信用证的通知和确认）Agent for International Settlements（国际结算代理人）Agreement of the Parties（协议选择原则）Agriculture（农业协定）Alternative Dispute Resolution （ADR解决方式）Anticipatory Breach in Common Law （普通法上预期违约）Antidumping Authority（反倾销机构）Applicability of the CISG (CISG的适用范围)Application of Home State Labor Laws Extraterritorially（内国劳工法律域外适用）Applying for a Letter of Credit（信用证的申请）Approval of Foreign Investment Applications（外国投资申请的批准）Arbitrage（套汇）Arbitration Agreement and Arbitration Clauses （仲裁协议和合同中的仲裁条款）Arbitration Tribunals（仲裁机构）Artistic Property Agreements（保护文学艺术作品的协定）Artistic Property Agreements（文学艺术品产权协定）Assignment（合同权利转让）Attorney-General（法律总顾问）Automatic Dissolution （自动散伙）Average Clauses（海损条款）Avoidance（解除）Bank Deposits（银行储蓄）Bases of Income Taxation（所得税的征税依据/基础）Battle of the Forms（形式上的分歧／冲突）Bills of Lading （提单）Branch Banking（银行的分支机构）Business Form and Registered Capital （企业形式和注册资本）Business Forms（商业组织形式）Buyer's Remedies（买方可以采取的救济措施）Carriage of Goods by Air（航空货物运输）Carriage of Goods by Sea and Marine Cargo Insurance（海上货物运输及其保险）Carrier's Duties under a Bill of Lading（在提单运输方式下承运人的责任/义务）Carrier's Immunities（承运人责任/义务的豁免）Cartels (企业联合/卡特尔)Categories of Investment Projects （外国投资的项目类别）Charterparties （租船合同）Charterparties by Demise （光船出租合同）China's Fundamental Policies for Encouraging Foreign Investments （中国大陆鼓励外国投资的基本政策）Choosing the Governing Law（准据法的选择）CIF (cost, insurance and freight) (port of destination) （ＣＩＦ成本＼保险费加运费付至指定的目的港）Civil Law (民法法系)Clearance and Settlement Procedures（交换和转让程序）Collection of Documentary Bills Through Banks（银行跟单托收）Commercial Arbitration （国际商事仲裁）Commodity Arrangements（初级产品/农产品安排）Common Enterprise Liability（企业的一般责任）Common Law (普通法系)Common Procedures in Handling Bills of Exchange （汇票处理的一般程序）Common Stock （股票）Company Taxpayers（公司/法人企业纳税人）Comparative Advantage(大卫.李嘉图的比较优势理论)Comparison of Municipal Legal Systems(内国法系的比较研究)Compensation for Winding up （清算补偿）Comprehensive Agreements （综合性的协定）Compulsory Licenses（强制许可）Computation of Income（收入计算）Conformity of Goods（与合同约定相符合的货物）Consent to the Jurisdiction of the Host State（给予东道国管辖权的许可/同意）Consideration in Common Law（英美法上的对价）Contemporary International Trade Law（当代国际贸易法）Contract Law for the International Sale of Goods（国际货物销售合同法）Contract Liability of the Agent （代理人的合同义务）Contract Liability of the Principal （委托人的合同义务）Contractual Issues Excluded from the Coverage of CISG（排除在CISG适用范围之外的合同问题）Copyrights （著作权/版权）Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights（与知识产权有关的理事会）Coverage of Tax Treaties（税收条约的覆盖范围）Creation of Agency （代理创立）Creditors of Partners（合伙人的债权人）Currency Crises: The Role of Monetary Policy（金融危机：货币政策的作用与地位）Currency Exchange Obligations of IMF Member States（国际货币基金组织成员国在外汇交易中的义务）Currency Exchange（外汇交易）Currency Support（资金/财政援助）Custom（习惯）Customs Valuation（海关估价协定）Debt Securities （债券）Decision Making within the WTO（WTO内部决定作出机制）Deficiencies in the GATT 1947 Dispute Process （关税及贸易总协定1947争端解决程序的不足）Definite Sum of Money or Monetary Unit of Account（确定货币的总额或者计价的货币单位）Definition and Special Features（定义和特征）Delayed Bills of Lading（提单迟延）Denial of Justice（司法不公）Development Banks （发展银行）Direct Effect（直接效力）Direct Exporting(直接出口)Directors' and Officer's Duties to the Corporation（董事和经理/首席执行官对公司的义务）Dispute Settlement（争端的解决）Dissolution by Agreement （协议解散）Dissolution by Court Order （依法院令状散伙）Dissolution of the Partnership （散伙）Distribution of Earnings and Recovery of Investments （收入分配和投资回收）Distribution to Shareholders （红利分配权）Doctrine of Imputability (归责原则)Documentary Formalities（文本格式要求）Double Taxation Provision（双重征税的规定）Double Taxation（双重征税）Duress （胁迫行为）Duties of Agent and Principal （代理人和委托人的义务）Duties of Agent to Principal （委托人的义务）Duties of Principal to Agent （代理人、的义务）Duty of Care in Partnership Business（对合伙事务尽心看护义务）Duty of Loyalty and Good Faith （忠诚和诚信义务）Effectiveness of an Offer（邀约/发盘的效力）Employment Laws in the European Union（欧洲联盟雇佣/劳工法）Employment Standards of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development （经济合作与发展组织雇佣/劳工标准）Enforcement of Exchange Control Regulations of IMF Member States（国际货币基金组织成员国对外汇交易管理规则的履行）Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards in the People's Republic of China （在中华人民共和国境内外国仲裁裁决的执行）Enforcement of Foreign Judgment （外国法院判决的执行）Enforcement of Partnership Rights and Liabilities（执行合伙事务的权利和责任）Enforcement of Securities Regulations Internationally（国际证券规则的执行）Environmental Regulation（环境规则）Escape Clause（免责条款）Euro-currency Deposits（欧洲货币储蓄）European Communities - Regime for the Importation, Sale, and Distribution of Bananas （欧洲共同体对于香蕉的进口、销售和分销的管理）European Union Law on Trade in Services（欧洲联盟关于服务贸易的法律）Exceptio non Adimpleti Contractus in Civil Law （大陆法上履行契约之抗辩权）Exceptions（例外）Exclusive Licenses（独占许可）Excuses for Non-performance （不履行的免责）Excuses for Nonperformance（不履行合同的抗辩/借口）Exemptions for New Members from IMF Member State Currency Exchange Obligations （国际货币基金组织新成员国在外汇交易中义务的免除）Export Restrictions (出口限制)Exporting(出口)Expropriation（征收）Extraterritorial Application of U. S. Securities Laws（美国证券法域外的适用问题）Failure to Exhaust remedies（没有用尽法律救济）Fault and Causation（过错和因果关系）Finance Ministry（财政部）Finance of International Trade(国际贸易的结算/支付)Financing Foreign Trade（对外贸易的价金支付）FOB (free on hoard) (port of shipment)（ＦＯＢ装运港船上交货）Force Majeure Clauses （不可抗力条款）Foreign Investment Guarantees（外国投资的担保）Foreign Investment Laws and Codes（外国投资法）Formal and Informal Application Process（正式和非正式申请程序）Formation of the Contract（合同的成立）Forsed Endorsements（虚假背书）Fraud Exception in Letters of Credit Transaction (信用证交易的欺诈例外)Frauds on Bills of Lading（提单欺诈）Fraudulent Misrepresentation（受欺诈的误解）Free Zones（保税区/自由贸易区）Fundamental Breach（根本违约）GATS Schedules of Specific Commitments（服务贸易总协定减让表中的特别承诺）General Agreement on Trade in Services (服务贸易总协定)General Requirements and Rights of the Holder in Due Course（票据持有人的一般要求和权利）General Standards of Performance（履行的一般标准）Geographic Limitations（地区限制）Government Controls over Trade (政府对贸易的管制)Government Guarantees（政府担保）Governmental Interest（政府利益原则）Governmental Sources of Capital（官方资金）Grant Back Provisions（回授的规定）Home state Regulation of Multinational Enterprises（本国对跨国企业的管理）Host State Regulation of Multinational Enterprises（东道国对跨国企业的管理）Illegality and Incompetency（行为不合法性与主体不适当资格的认定）IMF "Conditionality"(国际货币基金组织的制约性)IMF Facilities（国际货币基金组织的机制）IMF Operations（国际货币基金组织的运作）IMF Quotas（国际货币基金的份额）Immunities of States from the Jurisdiction of Municipal Courts（国家豁免于内国法院的管辖权）Import-Licensing Procedures（进口许可证程序协定）Income Categories（收入分类）Income Tax Rates（所得税税率）Income Taxes（所得税）Independence Principles and Rule of Strict Compliance （信用证独立原则和单证严格相符规则）Indirect Exporting(间接出口)Industrial Property Agreements （保护工业产权的协定）Innocent Misrepresentation（因无知的误解）Inquiry（调查）Insider Trading Regulations（内幕交易规则）Insurance Cover （保险范围）Integration of Company and Personal Income Taxes（公司和个人所得税的征收）Intellectual Property Right Law （知识产权法）International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes （解决投资争端国际中心）International Commercial Dispute Settlement （国际商事争端的解决）International Court of Justice （海牙联合国国际法院）International Factoring （国际保理）International Franchising(国际特许经营权)International Labor Standards（国际劳工标准）International Licensing Agreement(国际许可证协议)International Licensing Agreements （国际许可证协定）International Model Law(国际示范法)International Organizations(国际组织)International Persons（国际法主体）International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms(国际贸易术语解释通则) International Trade Customs and Usages(国际贸易惯例和习惯)International Treaties and Conventions(国际条约和公约)International Tribunals （国际法庭）Interpreting of the CISG (CISG的解释)Invitation Offer （要约邀请／要约引诱／询盘）Involuntary Dissolution （非自愿解散）Issuance of Securities（证券发行）Jurisdiction and Venue （管辖权和法院地）Jurisdiction in Civil Cases（民事案件的管辖权）Jurisdiction in Criminal Cases（刑事案件的管辖权）Know-how （技术秘密/专有技术）Lack of Genuine Link（缺乏真实的联系）Lack of Nationality（无国籍）Lack of Standing（身份不明）Law Applicable to Letters of Credit （调整信用证的法律）Law of Foreign Investment Enterprises of China （中国的外商投资企业法）Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese Foreign Contractual Joint Ventures （中华人民共和国中外合作企业法）Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese Foreign Equity Joint Ventures （中华人民共和国中外合资企业法）Law of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Capital Enterprises（中华人民共和国外资企业法）Legal Characteristics （定义和法律特征）Legal Structure of the WTO （世界贸易组织的法律框架）Legal System of International Business(国际商事的法律体系)Letters of Credit (L/C)（信用证）Liabilities of Makers, Drawers, Drawees, Endorsers and Accommodation Parties（票据制作人、出票人、付款人、背书人、代发人/担保人的责任）Liability for Environmental Damage（环境损害责任）Liability Limits（承运人责任/义务的限制）Licensing Regulations（许可证制度）Limitations on Foreign Equity（外国投资的资金比例限制）Limitations on the Excuses That Drawers and Makers Can Use to Avoid Paying Off a Bill or Note 661 （票据制作人、出票人拒绝付款借口的限制）Liquidated Damages （约定的损害赔偿金）Liquidation （清算）Maintaining Monetary Value（维护币值稳定）Major Principles of GATT 1994（关税及贸易总协定1947的主要原则）Marine Insurance Policies and Certificates （海运保险单和证书）Maritime Insurance（海运保险）Maritime Liens （留置权）Means of Delivery（根据交付方式）Mediation（调停/调解）Membership（成员）Memorandums of Understanding（谅解备忘录）Methods of Investment Contribution（出资方式）Mini-trial （模拟审判方式）Miscellaneous Taxes（混杂的，各种各样的税）Misrepresentation（误解）Mixed Sales（混合销售）Modification of Foreign In vestment Agreements（外国投资协议的修改）Money and Banking(货币与金融)Monopoly Control Authority (反垄断机构)Most Significant Relationship（最密切联系原则）Most-favored-nation Treatment （最惠国待遇原则）Movement of Workers（劳工流动）Multilateral Investment Guaranty Programs（多边投资担保计划／安排）Multilateral Trade Agreements（多边贸易协定）Multilateral Trade Negotiations （多边贸易谈判）Multinational Enterprise（跨国企业）Municipal Courts（国内法院的实践）Municipal Legal Systems（内国法系）National Foreign Investment Policies（内国的外国投资政策）National Investment Guarantee Programs（内国／国家投资担保计划／安排）National Law(国内法) National Monetary Systems（国内金融/货币体系）National Treatment （国民待遇原则）Nationality Principle（国籍原则）Negligent (innocent) Misrepresentation（因疏忽的误解）Negotiability of Bills and Negotiability of Notes（可流通的汇票和可流通的本票）Negotiation (谈判，议付)Noncompetition Clauses（限制竞争条款）Nondiscrimination（非歧视原则）Nonimputable Acts（免责行为）Nontariff Barriers to Trade(非关税贸易壁垒)Nonwrongful Dissolution （非不法原因散伙）Objections（异议）Obligations of the Parties （当事人各方的义务）Obligations of the Seller and the Buyer （买卖双方的合同义务）Offer （要约／发盘）Operation of Law （法律的原因而终止）Operational Reviews（营业审查）Opting In and Out（加入和退出）Organization of the IMF（国际货币基金组织的机构）Organizations Affiliated with the United Nations(联合国的相关组织)Overseas Private Investment Corporation（海外私人投资公司的案件）Parent Company（母公司）Passing of Property （产权的转移）Passing of Risk （风险的转移）Patents （专利权）Payable on Demand or at a Definite Time（付款要求或者在指定的付款时间）Payment of the Price（支付价款）Penalties for Noncompliance（对于不遵守法规的处罚）Perils and Losses（保险危险和损失）Persons Immune from Taxation（个人所得税的免除）Piercing the Corporate Veil（普通法上揭开公司的面纱/大陆法上公司人格否认原则）Place for Delivery（交付的地点）Post -Termination Relationship（代理终止后的有关问题）Powers during Winding up （合伙人在清算过程中的权力/权利）Practices and Usages（交易习惯和商业惯例）Preemption（先买权/优先权）Preshipment Inspection（装运前检验协定）Price-Fixing（定价）Private Insurers（私人／商业保险）Private Sources of Capital（私人资金）Products Liability Laws（产品质量法）Promissory Notes（本票）Promoter of International Monetary Cooperation（国际金融合作的促进者）Promoters（公司的发起人）Protection of Natural Resources（自然资源的保护）Protection of Subsidiaries（分支机构的保护制度）Protection of Workers' Rights by the Council of Europe（欧洲理事会关于劳工权利的保护）Protection through Tariffs（关税保护）Proving Foreign Law（外国法的查明）Provisions Governing Trade in Services in the North American Free Trade Agreement （北美自由贸易区协定中关于服务贸易的规定）Quality Controls（质量控制）Quantity and Field-of-Use Restrictions（对数量和使用领域的限制）Recognition and Enforcement of Awards （仲裁裁决的承认和执行）Recognition of Foreign Judgments（外国裁决的承认）Refusal to Exercise Jurisdiction（拒绝执行管辖权）Regional and International Development Agencies（区域性和国际性发展机构）Regional Integration（区域联合）Regional Intergovernmental Regulations on Labor（区域性政府间关于劳工的规定）Regional Intergovernmental Regulations on Trade in Services（关于服务贸易的区域性政府间管理规则）Regional Monetary Systems（区域性金融体系）Regulation of Foreign Workers（外籍员工的的管理规定）Regulation of Pollution（防止污染规则）Relief（救济、赔偿）Remedies Available to Both Buyers and Sellers（买卖双方都可以采取的救济措施）Remedies for Breach of Contract（违反合同的救济）Requests for Specific Performance（要求继续/特定履行）Residency Principle（居住地原则）Restrictions on Research and Development（对技术研究和发展的限制）Restrictions That Apply after the Expiration of Intellectual Property Rights（知识产权保护期满后应用的限制）Restrictions That Apply after the Expiration of the Licensing Agreement（知识产权使用许可合同期满后应用的限制）Right to Compensation （主张赔偿的权利）Rights and Duties （权利与义务）Rights and Responsibilities of Beneficiaries（收款人/收益人的权利与义务）Rights and Responsibilities of the Account Party（付款人/信用证帐户申请人的权利与义务）Rules of Origin（原产地规则）Rules of Private International Law（国际私法规则）Safeguards（保障措施协定）Sanitary and PhytosanitaryMeasures（卫生与植物卫生措施协定）Scope and Coverage of GATT 1947 and GATT 1994 （关税及贸易总协定1947和1994文本的调整范围）Screening Foreign Investment Applications（对外国投资申请的筛选/审查）Sectoral Limitations（行业/部门限制）Securities and Exchange Commission（证券交易委员会）Securities Exchanges （证券交易所）Securities Regulations（证券规章）Seller's Obligations（卖方的义务）Seller's Remedies（卖方可以采取的救济措施）Settlement of Disputes between ILO Member States（国际劳工组织成员国之间争端的解决）Settlement of Disputes between Intergovernmental Organizations and Their Employees （政府间国际组织与它的雇员之间争端的解决）Settlement of Disputes in International Tribunals（在国际法庭解决争端）Settlement of Disputes in Municipal Courts（内国法院的争端解决途径）Settlement of Disputes through Diplomacy（通过外交途径解决争端）Settlement of Disputes through Municipal Courts （通过内国法院解决国际商事争端）Shareholders' Inspection and Information Rights（股东的监督和知情权）Shareholders' Lawsuits （股东的诉权）Shareholders' Meetings（股东会议/大会）Shareholders' Rights and Liabilities （股东的权利和责任）Sharp Practices （欺诈行为）Signed by the Maker or Drawer（票据制作人或者出票人签名）Source Principle（税收发生来源原则）Sources of Corporate Financing （公司资本的来源）Sources of Foreign Investment Law of China （中国外国投资法的渊源）Sources of International Business Law(国际商法的渊源)Sources of International Law（国际法的渊源）Sources of Investment （投资范围）Sovereign or State Immunity（国家主权豁免）Specialization(国际分工专门化)Standard of Care(给予外国人的待遇/关照标准)Start-Up Standards（设立标准）State Responsibility（国家责任）Statements and Conduct of the Parties（当事人的陈述和行为）Statutory Choice-of-Law Provisions （强制选择条款）Structure of the WTO（WTO的组织结构）Subordinate Business Structures（商业分支机构）Subsidies and Countervailing Measures（补贴与反补贴措施协定）Supervision of Foreign Investment（外国投资的监管）Supreme Court Decision（最高法院的裁决）Systems for Relief from Double Taxation（避免双重征税的救济体制）Takeover Regulations（接管/收购规则）Taking Delivery（接受交付）Tariff-based Import Restriction （约束进口关税）Tariffs(关税)Tax Avoidance（避税）Tax Evasion（逃税）Tax Incentives (税收激励)Tax Sparing（节税）Tax Treaties（税收条约）Taxation（税收）Taxpayers（纳税人）Technical Barriers to Trade（贸易的技术壁垒）Technology Transfer(技术转让)Termination of an Agency （代理的终止）Termination of Corporations （公司的终止）Territorial Restrictions（地区限制）Textiles and Clothing（纺织品和服装协定）The Acceptance（承诺／受盘）The Administrative Discretion of Screening Authorities（筛选/监管机构的管理权）The Anglo-American Common Law System(普通法系或者英美法系)The Applicable Procedure Law （应用的程序法）The Applicable Substantive Law（应用的实体法）The Bank for International Settlements（巴塞尔国际清算银行）The Bill of Exchange（汇票）The Board of Directors （董事会）The Bretton Woods System（布雷敦森林体系）The Business Form（商业组织形式）The Buyer's Right to Avoid the Contract（买方解除合同的权利）The Central Bank（中央银行）The Choice of Money（货币的选择）The Convention on Insider Trading（内幕交易的公约）The Drafting of the CISG(CISG的起草)the Economic Globalization （经济全球化）The Final Act Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations（乌拉圭回合多边贸易谈判结果的最后文本）The Foreign Exchange Market（外汇交易市场）The Founding of GATT（关税及贸易总协定的成立）The Framework Agreement（协定的框架）The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade（关税及贸易总协定）The Importance of the Separate Legal Identity of Juridical Entities（跨国企业作为拥有独立法律地位的实体之重要性）The Interbank Deposit Market（银行间的储蓄市场）The International Labor Organization（国际劳工组织）The International Monetary Fund（国际货币基金组织）The International Standard(国际待遇/标准)The International Transfer of Intellectual Property（工业产权的国际转让）The Islamic Law System （伊斯兰法系）The Law Governing Bills of Exchange （调整汇票的法律制度）The Law of Agency （国际商事代理法）The Making of International Law （国际法的构成）The National Standard(国民待遇/标准)The Negotiation and Transfer of Bills and Notes（票据权利的转让和背书转让）The Obligations of Banks（银行的义务/责任）The Principal Characteristics（基本特征）The Role of Banks in Collecting and Paying Negotiable Instruments（银行在可流通票据的托收和付款中的角色）The Roman-Germanic Civil Law System(大陆法系或者罗马日耳曼法系)The Scope of International Law in Actual Practice （实践中国际法的范围）The Subordinate Structure（分支结构）The Transfer of Money（货币转移）The Turning Over of Documents（交付与货物有关的单证）The Uruguay Round（乌拉圭回合）The Value of Money（币值）The World Trade Organization (WTO) （世界贸易组织）The WTO Agreement （WTO协定）Third Party Relations of the Principal and the Agent （与委托人和代理人有关的第三人）Third-Party Claims and Personal Injuries（第三方的权利和人身伤害）Third-Party Rights (Himalaya Clause)（第三方的权利----喜玛拉亚条款）Time Charterparties （定期租船合同）Time for Delivery （交付的时间）Time Limitations（时效）Trade Barriers （贸易壁垒）Trade in Goods(货物贸易)Trade Liberalization Through Cooperation （通过合作实现贸易自由化）Trade Policy Review（贸易政策评审机制）Trade Terms（贸易术语）Trademarks（商标权）Trade-Related Investment Measures（与贸易有关的投资措施协定）Trading in Securities （证券交易）Transactions Covered in CISG（CISG适用的交易范围）Transnational Organized Labor（有组织的跨境服务的劳工）Transparency(透明度)Treaties and Conventions（条约和公约）Trial Court Decision（初等法院的裁决）Turnover Taxes（流转/交易税）Tying Clauses（搭售条款）Unconditional Promise or Order to Pay（无条件的付款承诺和要求）Unfair Competition Laws（不正当竞争法）UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC)(国际统一私法协会国际商事合同通则,简称PICC)United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG)(联合国国际货物销售合同公约,简称CISG)Validity and Formation of International Sale of Contracts（国际货物销售合同的成立和效力）Visas（签证）Voyage Charterparties （航次租船合同）Waivers（让渡、放弃）Winding Up （合伙清算）World Intellectual Property Organization（世界知识产权组织）World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement Procedures（世界贸易组织争端解决机制）Wrongful Dissolution （不法原因散伙）WTO Antidumping Agreement （世界贸易组织反倾销协议）WTO Dispute Settlement Procedures（世界贸易组织的争端解决程序）。

国际法专用词汇

国际法专用词汇国际法专用词汇大全国际法指适用主权国家之间以及其他具有国际人格的实体之间的法律规则的总体。

国际法又称国际公法，以区别于国际私法或法律冲突，后者处理的是不同国家的.国内法之间的差异。

国际法也与国内法截然不同，国内法是一个国家内部的法律，它调整在其管辖范围内的个人及其他法律实体的行为。

以下是国际法专用词汇大全。

protectorate (被)保护国asylum 庇护;避难forntier region, border region 边界地区boundary negotiation 边界谈判status quo of the boundary 边界现状never to attach any conditions 不附带任何条件non-aligned countries 不结盟国家patrimonial sea 承袭海consultations 磋商the third world 第三世界imperialism 帝国主义200-nauticalmile maritime rights 二百海里海洋权developing countries 发展中国家dependency 附庸国plebiscite 公民投票generally-accepted principles of international relations 公认的国际关系原则joint action 共同行动normalization of relations 关系正常化an established principle of international law 国际法准则rudimentary code of international relations 国际关系中最起码的准则international waters 国际水域international situation 国际形势merger of states 国家合并national boundary 国界maritime resources 海洋资源mutual understanding and mutual accommodation 互谅互让exchange of needed goods 互通有无détente, 缓和fundamental rights 基本权利reduction or cancellation of debts 减轻债务负担Near East 近东right of residence 居留权territorial sea 领海limits of territorial sea 领海范围breadth of territorial sea 领海宽度territorial air 领空territorial waters 领水inalienability of territory 领土的不可割让性territorial jurisdiction 领土管辖权territorial contiguity 领土毗连territorial integrity 领土完整refugee camp 难民营country of one's residence 侨居国complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons 全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器people-to-people contacts and exchanges 人民之间的联系和交流sacred and inviolable 神圣不可侵犯ecocide 生态灭绝。

国际私法英文名词解释

1.涉外因素（foreign element）指该民商事关系的主体、客体或内容至少有一项涉及本法域外因素2.法域(law district, legal unit, legal region)，是指适用独特法律制度的特定地理区域3.国际私法中法律冲突（Conflict of Laws）两个或两个法域不同内容的法律竞相调整同一民事法律关系而导致的矛盾。

4.统一实体规范（uniform substantive rule）是指在国际条约和国际惯例中具体规定法律关系当事人之间权利与义务关系的法律规范。

5.国际私法的名称：法则区别说（theory of statutes）、私国际法（private international law）、国际私法（international private law）、冲突法（conflicts law）6.冲突规范（Conflict Rules）指明某一类涉外民商事关系应当适用哪个国家或地区的法律的规范。

7.冲突规范的结构之一范围（Category）：冲突规范所要调整的涉外民商事关系8.冲突规范的结构之二系属（Attribution）：指调整涉外民商事关系应适用的法律9.连结点（Point of Contact）连结点又称连结因素（Connecting Factor），是指冲突规范就范围中所要解决的问题指定应适用何国法律所依据的一种事实因素，也就是冲突规范借以确定涉外民商事关系应适用什么法律的根据、桥梁或纽带。

10.单边冲突规范Unilateral Conflict Rules11.双边冲突规范Bilateral Conflict Rules12.重叠适用的冲突规范Double Rules for Regulating the Conflict of Laws13.选择适用的冲突规范Alternative Conflict Rules14.系属公式（Formula of Attribution）指双边冲突规范的系属经过各国长期的立法与司法实践，逐渐抽象归类后形成的比较固定的系属类型。

学科名称中英文对照

学科名称中英文对照学科名称中英文对照中英文学科、专业名称对照表代码中文名称01 哲学 02 经济学03 法学 0301 法学民商法学（含劳动法学、社会保障法学） 030108 环境与资源保护法学 030109 国际法学（含国际公法学、国际私法学国际经济法学） 0302 政治学 030205 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育 05 文学 0502 外国语言文学 050211 外国语言学及应用语言学 07 理学 0701 数学 070104 应用数学 08 工学 0805 材料科学与工程 080503 材料加工工程0808 电气工程 080804 电力电子与电力传动 0809 电子科学与技术 080902 电路与系统0810 信息与通信工程 081001 通信与信息系统 081002 信号与信息处理 0811 控制科学与工程 081101 控制理论与控制工程 0812 计算机科学与技术 081201 计算机软件与理论英文名称 Philosophy EconomicsLaw Civil Law and Commercial Law(includingScience of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law)Science of Environment and Natural Resources Protection Law International Law(including International Public Law, International Private Law and International Economic Law) Political Science Education of Marxist Theory and Education in Ideology and Politics Literature Foreign Languages andliteratures Linguistics and Applied Linguistics in Foreign Languages Natural Science Mathematics Applied Mathematics Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Materials Processing Engineering Electrical Engineering Power Electronics and Power Drives Electronics Science and Technology Circuits and Systems Information and Communication Engineering Communication and Information Systems Signal and Information Processing Control Science and Engineering Control Technology and Control Engineering Computer Science and Technology Computer Software and Theory081203 计算机应用技术 Computer Applied Technology 0823 交通运输工程Communications and Transportation Engineering 082301 道路与铁道工程 Highway and Railway Engineering 082302 交通信息工程及控制 Traffic Information Engineering & Control 082303 交通运输规划与管理 Transportation Planning and Management 082304 载运工具运用工程 Vehicle Operation Engineering 082402 轮机工程 Marine Engineering 0830 环境科学与工程 083001 环境科学 083002 环境工程 0812 管理学 081201 管理科学与工程081202 工商管理学 081202 企业管理学（含财务管理学、市场营销学、人力资源管理学）工程硕士领域名称中英文对照代码中文名称 430109 电子与通信工程 430124 船舶与海洋工程 430123 交通运输工程 430130 环境工程 430111 控制工程 430108 电气工程 430112 计算机技术 430141 物流工程 430140 项目管理Environmental Science and Engneering Environmental Science Environmental Engneering Management Science Management Science and Engineering Science of Business Administration Corporate Management(including FinancialManagement, Marketing, and HumanResources Management)Electron and Communication Engineering Shipbuilding and Oceanography Engineering Communications and Transportation Engineering Environment Engineering Control Engineering Electrical Engineering Computer Technique Logistics Engineering Project Management。