强读与弱读

Function words: articles, pronouns, possessives, prepositions, auxiliary verbs, and conjunctions connecting the information words to form grammatical sentences.
Main features of the weak forms
Main features of the weak forms
Reductions of the length of sounds
ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
Obscuration of vowels towards the schwa
Elision of vowels and consonants
meaning _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ ___________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ 6’35- 8’32
Pronunciation of the function words
Function words
Strong form /ænd/
Weak form /ənd/, /ən/, /nd/, /n/
Citation form Stressed form
Reduced form Unstressed form
when they are cited or quoted
What is a “weak form”?
The unstressed form is thus an alternate pronunciation of a word which is so reduced in its articulation that it consists of a different set of phonemes. /ə/ is the most frequently used vowel in the unstressed form and next comes /I /.
Words
1. a 2. an 3. her 4. his 5. our 6. some 7. the old. 8. your 9. he 10. me
SF
Weak form
Sample sentence
/eI/ /ə/ We've got a dog. /æ n/ /ən/ Take an apple. /hə:/ /hə/, /ə:/, /ə/ What's her name? /hIz/ /Iz/ John had his haircut. /aʊə/ /ɑ:/ We can do it on our own. /sʌm/ /səm/, /sm/ Get me some water. /ð i:/ /ð /ð I/, ə/ They saw the young and the /jɔ:/ /hi:/ /mi:/ /jə/ Take your time. /hI/, /I/ What did he do? /mI/ Let me have a look.
Importance of learning weak forms
1) “all-strong form ” pronunciation is unpleasant 2) mispronunciation of weak form may cause some misunderstanding.
Content words & function words
Content words Nouns Verbs Adjectives adverbs
Function words
articles
pronouns
possessives
prepositions
auxiliary verbs conjunctions
Pronunciation ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
strong forms of the function words
When to use strong forms when they occur at the end of a sentence when they are being contrasted
when they are used for emphasis
/ð em/ /ð əm/, /ð m/ /ʌs/ /əs/ /wi:/ /w I / /ju:/ /jʊ/ /hIm/ /Im/ /æ m/ /əm/, /m/ /ɑ:/ /ə/ /bi:/ /bi/ /kæn/ /kən/, /kn/
21. do Sundays? 22. does leave? 23. had 24. has 25. have 26. is 27. must 28. shall
1.
2. 3. 4. 5.
6.
7. 8. 9. 10.
Get me some bread and butter. Get me some bread and butter. She gave it to us yesterday. She gave it to us yesterday.. Lucy and Lilly are sisters. Lucy and Lilly are sisters. Take an apple. Take an apple. I've got a cat. I've got a cat. The performance was good. The performance was good. John can do it. John can do it. I had a knife. I had a knife. I'm afraid we must go. I'm afraid we must go. Come with me, Jill. Come with me, Jill.
Now, at the end of the morning, you will all be able to collect the timetable from the college office. You’ll see the first lecture at nine o'clock in the morning and the last is at four o'clock in the afternoon. Most of you, in fact all of you, will find you have spare time without lectures or laboratory sessions. The college library and private study rooms are open all day from nine in the morning till eight in the evening for private study. The students' union common room is also open at the same times. And … er … I’ll hand over to Mrs White, who will tell you about students' welfare, sports clubs and examinations.
强读与弱读
Strong Forms & Weak Forms in English
Listen &fill in the blanks
23’46- 24’41
Now, ______________ end ___________ morning ____________ all . _________ able _______ collect ______ timetable _____________ college office. _________ see ________ first lecture ____________ nine o'clock ___________ morning _________ last ___________ four o'clock __________ afternoon. Most __________, ________ fact all ___________, __________ find ________ have spare time without lectures or laboratory sessions. _________ college library ________ private study rooms _________ open all day __________ nine ___________ morning till eight ________ evening _______ private study. _______ students' union common room ________ also open ____________ same times. And … er … ______ hand over ______ Mrs White, who ________ tell ________ about students' welfare, sports clubs _________ examinations.
0 - 6’35
11. she 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. them us we you him am are be can
/ʃi:/
/ʃI/
Did she come? Let them go. He told us a story. Here we are. Did you see my pen? Give him a pen. I'm proud of it. What are you doing? Don't be late. What can I do?
Content words vs. function words
Content words: nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs giving information about who, what, when, where, why, how expressing the main idea or content of the phrase or sentence