英语听力入门step by step 3000第二册unit5知识点
stepbystep3000英语听力入门词汇
Unit 1architectWalesspecificunderstandfatigue 疲劳foxhole 散兵坑，隐蔽处distracted 开小差abuse“lose-lose” solutionsattest 证明excelreside in 在于configuration 配置spousesocial backgroundsraceethnicreligionpre-industrial 工业革命前的proposecriterion 标准physical appearancefall in lovesustain 维持differentiate 使..和..有差别“just-right” wife 刚好合适的physical qualities 体格素质athleticsports qualities 运动素质vowupper portion 上半身designer clothing 量体裁衣baseball diamond 棒球场fancy-dress party 化妆舞会frizzly （小）卷的yearbook 年鉴platonic 不切实际的hit it off 投机chap 家伙trip over 绊倒Unit 2constellation 星座Taurus 金牛座VirgoCapricorn 摩羯座Pisces 双鱼座Aquarius 水瓶座LeoCancer 巨蟹座Aries 白羊座Gemini 双子座Sagittarius 射手座centaur 半人马座Scorpio 天蝎座Libra 天秤座personality surveyaggressivejealousraise the roof 喧闹，大声抱怨a lost walletsmartidentificationself-esteemobservationactiveexpress ideasrelations with other people investigateharsh 粗糙的，刺耳的democratic 民主的depressiondrugspsycho-therapy 心理（精神）疗法public educationmoderatetether 限度，范围suppress 压制manifest 显示surly 脾气还好的cleanse 净化，纯净vent 排出ebb away 褪去dump 垃圾场；倾倒uptight 紧张的，易怒的punch 用拳猛击Unit 3opportunityprosper 成功，飞黄腾达shed light onto 使清楚地显示be blessed with 有..的福气positivecriticallyinteractencourageinvolvementdevelopmentcooperationperformancestaffenhancement 增加regardless ofconsensus 一致bond 使结合，以..作保integrity 正直，诚实，完整Kenyamaster’s degreeslum 贫民窟prospectus 内容说明书，样张leafletdiscardstinking 发恶臭的，讨厌的breadwinner 负担家计的人overdose 药量过多visa 签证initially 最初地tenacity 固执，不屈不挠resourcefulness 足智多谋bring up childrenovercome difficultyheadmistress 女校长self-publicistpoparthritis 关节炎handicap 妨碍，不利因素subordinate positionbroom 扫帚；扫除aim high 胸怀大志concentrationthrust upon 强迫承担threshold 入口，门槛janitor 守卫janitress 女门警salutary 有益的foreman 领班prime 初期；主要的scatter 分散be apt to 倾向于tumble 摔倒，倒塌speculate 推测indorse 承认，赞成surplus 剩余expenditure 支出，花费revenue 税收，收益ultimategive a shot 尝试genuinely 真诚地consideratedelegate 代表minion 属下unconditionaltarnish 失去光泽quality time 黄金时光Unit 4experienceapplicantsbachelor’s degreeresume 简历qualifiedpositioncandidateadministrationdynamic 充满活力的mobileturnover 营业额in excess of 超越audit 审计师hottest jobstissue （器官）组织culture 栽培，培植geneticdefectgenetherapy 治疗molecule 分子pharmacologic 药理学livestock 牲畜therapeutic 治疗的laden 充满的modify 修改fiddle 干涉，改变handyman 做零活的人daunt 沮丧video cassette recorder VCRdigital versatile disc DVD holographic 全息toaster 面包机diagnostics 诊断学ambient 周边的hijack 劫持；敲诈bicycle motocross racer 两轮摩托车越野赛选手championtrophy 奖品donatedSpecial Olympicshandicapped youngstersfeat 技艺awesome 敬畏的hardware 器皿set around 无所事事crippled 拐脚的gesturecollege studentbusiness experiencereal business worldresponsibilitytuition 学费，讲授ladderpayroll 工资单contracta list of questionsgive thought to 给予考虑have a clear knowledge ofsuccess and prospectsimmediate advantages 眼前的利益long-term prospects 长期的前景job preferences 对工作的喜爱future happiness and contentment draw up 起草bear in mindpartially 部分地，偏袒地aptitude 智能weigh 权衡a fund of 许多haphazard 偶然的；偶然事件Unit5internal-combustion engine 内燃机barometer 大气压计atmospheric pressure 大气压力Polaroid 宝丽来pendulum 钟摆diesel 柴油fuel oil 燃油dynamite 炸药kaleidoscope 万花筒harpsichord 竖琴gunsmith 造枪者blacksmith 铁匠calendarpuppet 木偶，傀儡paper clip 纸夹patentadhesive 粘性primer 涂料cellular phone 手机commission 委员会authorize 授权subscribe v.签署subscriber 订户，签署者credit with 把。
stepbystep3000第二册听力答案及原文
stepbystep3000第二册听力答案及原文Unit 1 Happy Family LifePart I Warming up / 1Part II All you need is love? / 4Part III First meetings / 9Part IV A Valentine story / 12Unit 2 Shaping and Reshaping PersonalityPart I Warming up / 15 Part II Self-esteem / 19Part III How to deal with depression and anger? / 22 Part IV Short talks on listening skills / 25 Represent the Ideas Clear and Clean ?OutliningUnit 3 All Can SucceedPart I Warming up / 27Part II The road to success / 30Part III Good better best / 34Part IV Language study and language appreciation / 38Unit 4 Getting Ready for the Future CareerPart I Warming up / 41Part II Painting for pay / 46Part III Choosing a career / 49Part IV My pet hate / 52Unit 5 Creative MindsPart I Warming up / 55 Part II Scientists of the millennium (I) / 60 Part III Scientists of the millennium (II) / 63 Part IV Short talks on listening skills / 66Letting Things Go桽peed and VocabularyUnit 6 Its Great to Be a ChampionPart I Warming up / 68Part II They are the champion! / 72Part III Luck in the hat / 76Part IV Language study and language appreciation / 79Unit 7 Leisure TimePart I Warming up / 82Part II Mozart's music still alive today / 86Part III The man with the horn / 89Part IV Bank Holiday DIY / 92Unit 8 Everybody Can Help the EnvironmentPart I Warming up / 94Part II Campaign California Re-Leaf / 97Part III PBS梐biodegradable plastic product / 100 Part IV Short talks on listening skills / 102 The "Inverted Pyramid" in News ReportingUnit 9 News I: DisastersPart I Warming up / 104Part II News items / 108Part III Torrential storms in Kenya / 111Part IV Language study and language appreciation / 114Unit 10 News II: HealthPart I Warming up / 117Part II Hand washing / 123Part III Lifestyle & environmental factors vs cancers / 125Part IV Doctors on the Internet / 127Unit 11 News IlkPart I Warming up / 131Part II Astronomers discover solar system / 136Part III Compton Gamma Ray Observatory / 137Part IV Language study and language appreciation / 139Uit t 12 Dictation / 141 Vocabulary /147isiiPartHappy Family LifeWarming upKey words: family nameageVocabulary:architect WalesSupply the missing information about the Porter family according to what you hear.Family TreeName: Susan Age: 48Name: John Porter Age: 53Name: James Porter Age: 24Tape script;The Porter FamilyMr. William Porter is very old. He's 87. And Mrs Catherine Porter is 80. Mr Porter is from Wales. John Porter and Mary are brother and sister. John Porter is 53 and he's a lawyer. His wife Susan is 48, and she's an architect. James Porter and Joan Lee are cousins. James Porter is 24 and Joan Lee is 17.Key words:dates specific protect talk understand respectVocabulary:fatigue / foxhole / distracted / abuseYou are going to hear some ideas that may help make a marriage work. Listen carefully. Complete the following seven tips, and decide whether you agree or disagree with the speaker. Check the appropriate box.Tips for a happy marriage Agree Disagreej Go on dates uith each other. Renew romantic feelings byspending special time together.Be as specific as you can vhen you complain, make a re-quest, or offer praise.When stressed by fatigue or your oiun insecurities, y imagine you and your partner in a foxhole, surrounded by danger. Instead of striking, out at your partner, find a way to protect the partnership!^ When you feel "distant," talk about it uith your part-ner.Be assured that partners in alt marriages sometimes get。
stepbystep3000第二册1到5答案和原文
Unit 1Part I - A87, 80, 53, 48, 24, 17Script:The Porter FamilyMr William Porter is very old. He is 87. And Mrs Catherine Porter is 80. Mr Porter is from Wales. John Porter and Mary are brother and sister. John Porter is 53 and he is a lawyer. His wife Susan is 48, and she is an architect. James Porter and Joan Lee are cousins. James Porter is 24 and Joan Lee is 17.Part I - B1.spending special time together.2.specific, complain, request, praise.3.fatigue, insecurities, foxhole, striking out , protect.4.distant5.all marriages, Work together o understand6.Respect, danger, professional, physical, verbal7.Understand, winPart I - C40, excel, domestic argument, losingwin-win, lose-lose, win, a gift, returnsargue over, aren't, who, in control, fear, didn't need, ought not to , couldn't, tried to, destroy, marriagelove, loved, secure, discover, garden, cultivate, the most precious, own self, bloom. obtain, our partner, loved and respected, control.Part II- AA21.similar social backgrounds.2.the same race or same ethnic background.3.the same religion.A3Japan / 9.2% / arranged marriages3% / between blacks and whitesMany people in Western cultures choose their own wives and husbands. In many other countries, spouse are often chosen by the parents. In China and Japan before this century (20th century), upper-class marriages were arranged by the older males. In many cultures in the Middle East, Asia, and pre-industrial Europe, the man's family negotiated a "bride price" with the woman's family; the man's family was expected to pay it. In Hindu India, the bride's family paid a "groom's price" to the family of the man. These customs are weakening;for intance, only 9.2 percent of Japanesemarriages are now arranged.What are the criteria for choosing mates? Most marriages-whether arranged by families or occurring from personal attraction or love--are based on similar social backgrounds. In other words, the man and the woman come from the same social class (or else a class that is only slightly higher or slight lower). Among many people in Egypt, key members of the man's family must go to the family of the woman and propose marriage. These family members must be able to show that the man's family is at least of the same social class as the woman and that a certain amount of money exists to allow the marriage to go forward.Having the same race or the same ethnic background is the second main criterion for marriage throughout the world. In the U.S,. Where there are many different races, only 3 percent of all marriages are between blacks and whites, meaning that the races are still largely separate in marriage.In many countries, marriage is also based on the woman and man having the same religion; this is a third common criterion for choosing a mate. In culture in which religion is very strong value, marriages would often not take place if there were religious differences.Part II - B1.physical appearance;2.what somebody looks like, ....., look beyond the physical appearance3.the high percentage of divorces.4.falling love with somebody,..... ,loving somebodyScript:What do you think it is that attracts people to each other, that makes people want to be together?I think that perhaps unfortunately in the initial stages it's the physical appearance that attracts. I think unless you find somebody attractive, unless there's something about them-it could only perhaps be the way they smile or they laugh, or a twinkle in their eye, or the way of a curl falls over their forehead. But something like that has to make you interested enough to find out more about that person, unless that's there I think you just don't bother. So initially physical attraction I think is all important.Why do you say "unfortunately"?Because in fact it shouldn't be what somebody looks like that is important. You should be able to look beyond he physical appearance and see what sort of a person he or she is, whether they are selfish or selfless, whether they are kind, caring. But I think initially you are not bothered with that. That come perhaps later.In pop songs and magazines and newspapers and son on, the idea of falling love in s always emphasized, so people have this idea that you have to fall in love. Do youthink this is misleading for people? Do you think people expect something that in fact doesn't exist?Yes, I do. In fact I think we can probably lay the blame for the high percentage of divorce--it's a third I think now, isn't it? I think one in three people get divorced. Probably as far as I can see it, the reason is that they go into marriage or into a relationship with a very romantic view of love which I think has been created by the pop songs, by all the love stores, by the Barbara Cartland novels, etc. , that young people read. Really, you meet someone, you fall in love, and that's it., it's the beginning, they live happily even after. And I think that's the problem, because people just expect that, and it's not like that.So what is it, do you think, that really sustains a relationship, that keeps a relationship going?Well, I think you have to differentiate between falling in love with somebody, which I see as more superficial, and loving somebody, which I see as a deeper emotion and one that perhaps lasts. Falling in love is superficial attraction, being attracted to somebody physically, having fun together, whereas loving somebody I think is an emotion that grows, it comes with shared experiences, perhaps enjoying doing the same things together, shared hobbies, shared interests, suffering together as well, going through the bad times, helping each other, supporting each other. I think all that needs time to grow, and I'd call that love, and I think that's what makes a relationship last.Part II - Cone of the biggest decisions they will make in life,as the "just-right" wife for him,definition of what the "just-right"wife is,the millionaire man and the poor man ,her physical qualities,different words,by her physical qualities,in two different atmospheres,also have their definition of the "just-right" wife,the German man's definition is different from the Spanish man's.Script:Part IIIA baseball diamond frizzly hair / glasses/ funny/ monologueA wine bar pizzaA fancy-dress party the man dressed as Cheshire CatOutside a cinema coincidence/ he'd also missed the filmA boat/ the river bank fell in river/ he dived in and rescued herKate: I was on my way home from junior high and in order to get to my house you have to walk by this baseball diamond. And there was a game of baseball going on and it looked kind of interesting, so I stopped. There weren't very many people watching. And there was this guy and he wasn't really very good-looking, but he had frizzly hair and glasses and he was really funny. He did this kind of monologue thing, which war great. And I went home and I told my mother I was going to marry him after talking to him for half an hour. And when I got to high school, he was president of the student body and he asked me out and...we've got our picture in the yearbook together holding hands, and it's really nice.Ke: Well, I'd arranged to have a drink with a friend of mine, a woman friend of mine who's a platonic friend of mine. And she insisted on bringing this friend of hers who she said I'd like to meet and I thought she was trying to fix us up and I said, "Please don't!" But she did bring this friend and we hit it off. And after the wine bar we went to have a pizza and we all had a few more drinks and the other woman who ended up ordering a pizza that had a bunch of stuff on it that she really liked, so we picked at each other's pizzas all night and we realized that we were sort of had an ideal relationship, so that we could order really any pizza on the menu and we'd both be happy. And anyway we ended up living together and still are.Coralyn: We met at a party and it was fancy-dress party. A friend of mine's twenty-first and it was quite big and I went dressed as Alice in Wonderland and this person, this guy that I married was dressed as the Cheshire Cat. And it just seemed so amazing that, you know, we were both from the same thing and we started chatting and ended up being together.Jill: I'd arranged to go to the cinema with a group of friends and unfortunately I missed the train that would have got me to standing outside--the film had started. So I wasn't allowed in. And there was a chap outside, he'd also missed the film and we started to talk and we talked quite a bit and he said,"Let's go down the road and see that film, because that one hasn't started at the Odeon." So we went down there and we've been going out ever since!Carole: I first met my partner when he was on a boat and I was on the river bank, standing and looking generally into the distance and he was coming in to land with his boat and he threw me a rope and said,"Would you mind catching this?" and I caught it and missed and tripped over it and fell in the river and he had to dive in and rescue me. And that was it!Part IVBook, choked, disappointment, take you to dinner, tolerant smile, went by, rose, big restaurant, test, understand and admireJohn Blanchard stood up from the bench, straightened his army uniform, and studied the crowd of people making their way through Grand Central Station. He looked for the girl whose heart he knew, but whose face he didn't, the girl with the rose. His interest in her had begun thirteen months before in Florida library. Taking a book off the shelf he found himself intrigued, not with the words of the book, but with the notes penciled in the margin. The soft handwriting reflected a thoughtful soul and insightful mind. In the front of the book, he discovered the previous owner's name, Miss Hollis Maynell.With time and effort he located her address. She lived in New York City. He wrote her a letter introducing himself and inviting her to correspond. The next day he was shipped overseas for service in World War through the mail. Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was budding. Blanchard requested a photograph, but she refused. She felt that if he really cared, it wouldn't matter what she looked like. When the day finally come for him to return from Europe, they scheduled their first meeting --7:00p.m. At the Grand Hotel Station in New York. "You will recognize me,"she wrote, "by the red rose I'll be wearing on my lapel." So at 7:00 he was in the station looking for a girl whose heart he loved, but whose face he'd never seen. I'll let Mr Blanchard tell you what happened.A young woman was coming toward me, her figure long and slim. Her blonde hair lay back in curls from her delicate ears. Her eyes were as blue flowers. Her lips and chin had a gentle firmness, and in her pale green suit she was like spring time coming alive. I started toward her, entirely forgetting to notice that she was not wearing a rose. As I moved, a small, provocative smile curved her lips. " Going my way, sailor?" she murmured. Almost uncontrollably I made one step closer to her, and then I saw Holllis Maynell. She was standing almost directly behind the girl. A woman well past 40, she had graying hair tucked under a worn hat. She was more than plump, her thick-ankled feet thrust into low-heeled shoes. The girl in the green suit was waking quickly away.I felt as thought I was split into two, so keen was my desire to follow her, and yet so deep was my longing for the woman whose spirit had truly companioned me and upheld my own. And there she stood. Her pale plump face was gentle and sensible, her gray eyes had a warm and kindly twinkle. I did not hesitate. My fingers gripped the small worn blue leather copy of the book that was to identify me to her. This would not be love, but it would be something precious, something perhaps even better than love.Unit 2 Shaping and reshaping personalityPart I-A1- h, 2-d, 3-j, 4-k, 5-b, 6-i,7-g, 8-e, 9-l, 10-f, 11-c, 12-aTape script:1.Taurus April 21- May12, is represented by a bull.2.Virgo is represented by a young woman.3.Capricorn......... by a goat.4.Pisces................by two fish.5.Aquarius............by the water-bearer.6.Leo.....................by a lion7.Cancer ...............by a crab8.Aries....................by a ram9.Gemini.................by twins10.Sagitarus............by a centaur shooing an arrow11.Scorpio................by a scorption12.Libra...................by a pair of measuring scales.Part I - BVery, not very, extremely, sort of, veryTape script:W: Hey, Kevin. Help me fill out this personality survey. It'll be fun.M:Oh, I don't know...W: Oh, come on... Ok, here's the first one--what should I put for "aggressive"?M:Oh, I....I'd say "very".W: Very? Really?M: Yeah, sure. Look at the way you drive!W: Well, Ok, so I'm a very aggressive driver... But.. You have to drive like that in this city, or you're gonna be hit, because....M:Uh,... What's the next one?W: "Selfish".M:Oh, not at all.W: Really? Well... Maybe just a little... I mean, a lot of people are, right? Just a little bit? You know, I mean, I try to think of other people, but sometimes I do just think of myself, I guess.M: Ok,Ok, so put "not very."W: OK.M: But you can put "extremely " for the next one.W: What? Oh, "kind"?M: Yes. Don't you think you are an extremely kind person?W: I am? Ok, if you say so. Oh, look t this next one.W: Yeah.M: Hmm... I don't know. Sometimes you can be really patient, but other times you are not patient at all. Like remember that time in line at the supermarket when you got... W: Ok, ok, I get your point. I'll put "sort of"/.M: Ok, that's right.W: Next one..."jealous"... I guess I am sort of jealous...M: Sort of? I'd put "very". Remember how angry you got when my ex-girlfriend called the other day? I remember you are gonna raise the roof...W: All right, all right, " Very".Part I- CAmbitious and proudHelpful and honestSelfish and unreliableTape script:GeorgeW: So what are you going to do after you graduates, George?G: I' m going to start my own business.W: Oh, really? What type of business?G: Well, I haven't decided yet, but I know I'll be successful in anything I do. In fact, I am going to be one of the top business people in town in less than five years. Just wait and see! I have everything it takes --I am smart, I can organize people. And I am full of ideas that can make money.KarenK: Hey! Look at this wallet on the sidewalk. Wow! There's lot of money in it... But no identification. Mmm...I wonder how I can find the owner? I guess I will take it to the police station and see if anyone has reported a lost wallet.PamM: What are you doing tonight, Pam?P: Well, I was supposed to meet Bill after work for a movie, but I don't feel like going.I think I will go shopping instead.M: Won't Bill get mad?P: Oh, I am sure he can find something else to do.M:Oh?P: Besides, I really need some new clothes. I haven't bought any for nearly a month! M:Huh!Part IIYoung boys1. Measure the boys' abilities and how they felt about their own abilities;2.Three groups--those with high self-esteem/middle self-esteem/low self-esteem3. In all situation--at home/ at work/ in school/ with friends1. Active/able to express ideas/successful in school and in relations with other people/creative/led in discussions/interested in world problems/seldom tired or sick2. Like the boys with high self-esteem/express ideas freely/saw the world as a goodand happy place/ not sure of their own value3. Sad most time/ afraid to start activities/ felt no love/ couldn't express ideas/ afraid of anger/no talk in discussiona. closenessb. good behavior b.almost anythingc.definite, strict, kind and thoughtful c. no definited. rewards d. harsh punishmente. democratic, respectedf. importance, taken away f. didn't love themTape script:Scientists have learned a great deal about the parts of brain and their functions. They have also studied the development of the personality, for example, how a baby learns to love. In recent studies at two universities in the United States, scientists have investigated the development of self-esteem.Self-esteem is the respect a person has for himself, his belief in his ability and in the value of what he does. The scientists studied self-esteem in young boys. They gave them many tests. These test measured the boys' abilities and also how they felt about their own abilities. After the tests, the boys were divided into three groups--those with high-esteem, those with middle-esteem and those with love self-esteem. The scientist continued to study the boys in all situations. They studied them at home, at work, in school, and with their friends.From their studies, the scientists made some observations. Boys with high self-esteem were active. They were able to express their ideas. They were successful in school and in their relations with other people. In discussions, they led. They didn't just listen. They were interested in world problems. They were creative and believed that they could finish whatever they started. They seldom became tired or sick. In many ways, the boys with middle self-esteem were like the boys with high self-esteem. They too expressed their ideas freely and saw the world as a good and happy place. However, they were not sure of their own value as people. They did their best work when they were sure that other people liked them. The boys with low self-esteem were different from the other two groups. They were sad most of them time. They were afraid to start activities. They felt that no one loved them. They could not express their ideas. They were afraid of anger. In a discussion, they listened, but they didn't talk.The scientists asked, "How do some boys develop high self-esteem?" :"What is different in their lives?" Some of the answers were surprising. High self-esteem did not depend upon physical appearance, or money, or size of family. It did not depend upon how much the mother was at home. The scientists found that there was a closeness between the boys with high self-esteem and their parents. Their parents showed real interest in them, and spend time with time . They listened to their sonsand gave them help when the boys asked for it. They knew their sons' friends. The son knew that they were important to their parents. These parents demanded good behavior. They mad definite rules. They were strict, but not harsh. They corrected their sons' behavior by rewards, not by punishment. They never took away their love. On the other hand, the parents of boys with low self-esteem let their sons do almost anything. If a boy made a mistake, the parents punished him harshly. They boys believed that their parents didn't love them. There were no definite rules. The family life of the boys with high self-esteem was democratic. The parents made rules, but they led in a kind and thoughtful way. They showed respect for their children's ideas, even when they did not agree with them. They let the boys give their opinions in discussions of family plans. These boys were productive citizens. Now these scientists are studying other groups of children. They want to learn how to help children with low self-esteem feel better about themselves. In this way, these children can become productive citizens too.Part III- ASad, temporary, long, suffer from mental,Anyone, ten , developing,80 percent, drugs, effective, carefullyWithout, activity, minor, walking, 30, four, improve, physical, traditional, hour, talking, doctors, Discussion, ways, problemsEducation, understand.Part III - B1Joyous, warm, lovingManifest anger vent anger on somebodyDump angerTape scriptSpeaker 1I actually very rarely get anger. I've quite a long tether when it comes to anger, which doesn't mean, I really don't believe I'm suppressing any anger at all, but it manifest itself in a very sarcastic way with me. Like if for example, if I'm buying a railway ticket or something and the guy behind the counter is very surly and you now refuses to treat me like a human being, I won't get angry with him but I'll get very sarcastic with him and try to make very very clever remarks. And that for me severs its purpose. I do feel cleansed after a situation like that. Of course I do sometimes, if it's absolutely necessary I do get very angry, if I'm taken that far. But I certainly don't suppress any anger.Speaker 2Well, my anger is tied up with my sleepless nights. I mean, if I don not sleep well, I wake up in the morning, I am angry. I use any excuse to vent my anger on anybody.If I sleep well, then everything is fine. I'm a joyous, warm, loving person. Sleepless nights, I'm full of anger and my anger does not ebb away unless I use a thing or somebody to vent it upon. As weak as that may sound, that's how I work. And it's terrible sort of admission to make to everybody here. If I'm looking for excuses for having woken up in a particularly bad way, in a way, anger is something that I have to get out. I do not carry it around by weeping, and like crying. I believe in dumping it. Part III - B1Punch bags with pictures of their bossLaughing at it.Tape script:A: Apparently, I don't know if this is true, but in Japan, if factory workers get a bit uptight or angry, they can go out into the gym or something which is usually attached to the factory and there are punch bags with pictures of their boss. And they can go and they can spend twenty minutes punching hell out of this punch bag. And they go back to work and they feel great.B: Oh,God yes, well, that brings us on to laughing then. That made me laugh.C:Well that's one way of dealing with anger as well, I suppose, if you can actually remove yourself from the situation and just laugh at it. I think laughter is one of the most wonderful releases, and I think that it's actually been proved that you know that chemical that is released when you laugh is life-enhancing and life elongating too, you know. It promotes a healthy, a healthier being.Part IVClassifying and organizing ideasAbility, the facts or ideas, are related to one anotherRoman, Arabic, letters, standard form, decreasing importance, capital letters, small letters,To the left, to the right, equal, the same distance, easy to see, the ideas before and after it.No punctuationOutlining, practice.Unit 3 All can succeedPart I-A1. in your imaginationthink into the future, possibilities, a positive way, the starting point2. expect to winfulfill the vision3. opportunityrecognize, grab, a risk takerPart I - B1. organizational skills2. results oriented3. open-minded4. in the decision process5. parental and citizen6. innovation and excellence7. the develpment8. Cooperation9. students needs10. ideas and plans11. high quality performance12. directly and clearly13. continuous professional development14. their background or position15. a consensus builder16. leardship skills17. your bond, trustworthy18. the position19. personal integrity20. work well with othersPart I- CEscaped poverty, master's degree, worst slums, overwhelming odds, English universityProspectus leaflet, discarded, set his heart, violent, crime-ridden, 13, principal breadwinner, drugs, beaten, attacked, came close, overdose, gaining a place, a visa, had doubts, genuine student, be rewardedPart II - AA1mum, bringing up 3 childrenphysical disabilities, physical difficulty of arthritis, hold her backa headmistressan actor energy, self-publicistA2F T F FTape script:Speaker 1I think my mum's very successful because she's managed to bring up three children - excellently - in such a horrible society that we live in today. She's taught us to be kind and loving, she taught us to share, she taught us to love our family - be very family-oriented- and I think that's really important.Speaker 2The person that I can think of within my life, well, I probably can think of several butthe one that instantly came to mind when you popped this question to me was somebody who lives in Harpenden and who has overcome physical difficulty of arthritis remarkably well, and not allowed it to hold her back any more than is obviously necessary because of her physical disabilities. So I think she's made a very good - a great success of overcoming a difficulty.Speaker 3I think, Mable Davies, here who's very successful. She's a deaf lady who's now the headmistress and I think that must have been hard, so I've got a lot of respect for her, because my parents are also deaf so I know how difficult it is to work your way up having a handicap, so I've got quite a lot admiration to her.Speaker 4I think in professional terms Kenneth Branagh, the actor, has been very successful and I think the reason for this more than anything else is that he's a very good self-publicist. He is undoubtedly a very good actor. I've not seen him on stage, I've seen him on film and he's got an enormous amount of energy and as I say, he's a very good self-publicist.A2Statements:13.According to the first speaker, the most important thing that mum taught her children is to love the family.14.When the second speaker was interviewed, the successful person that immediately came to her mind was the one with arthritis.15.The third speaker has a lot of respect for Mable Davies because she herself is a deaf.16.The fourth speaker thinks that the actor has got an enormous amount of energy as he saw him on stage and on film.Part II- B1subordinate positions, serious responsibility, threshold, broom, sweeping out, salutary branch, future partner, try his hand, sweepersobtain employment, aim high, rest content, thoughts, concerns, at the topprime condition, energy, thought, captital, on that line, the mostscattered their captial, brains, all wrong, watch that basket, take notice, fail, breaks, on his head, apt to tumble, lack of concentrationPart II- B2Part III - B1Joyous, warm, lovingManifest anger vent anger on somebodyDump angerTape scriptSpeaker 1I actually very rarely get anger. I've quite a long tether when it comes to anger, which doesn't mean, I really don't believe I'm suppressing any anger at all, but it manifest itself in a very sarcastic way with me. Like if for example, if I'm buying a railway ticket or something and the guy behind the counter is very surly and you now refuses to treat me like a human being, I won't get angry with him but I'll get very sarcastic with him and try to make very very clever remarks. And that for me severs its purpose. I do feel cleansed after a situation like that. Of course I do sometimes, if it's absolutely necessary I do get very angry, if I'm taken that far. But I certainly don't suppress any anger.Speaker 2Well, my anger is tied up with my sleepless nights. I mean, if I don not sleep well, I wake up in the morning, I am angry. I use any excuse to vent my anger on anybody. If I sleep well, then everything is fine. I'm a joyous, warm, loving person. Sleepless nights, I'm full of anger and my anger does not ebb away unless I use a thing or somebody to vent it upon. As weak as that may sound, that's how I work. And it's terrible sort of admission to make to everybody here. If I'm looking for excuses for having woken up in a particularly bad way, in a way, anger is something that I have to get out. I do not carry it around by weeping, and like crying. I believe in dumping it. Part III - B1Punch bags with pictures of their bossLaughing at it.Tape script:A: Apparently, I don't know if this is true, but in Japan, if factory workers get a bit uptight or angry, they can go out into the gym or something which is usually attached to the factory and there are punch bags with pictures of their boss. And they can go and they can spend twenty minutes punching hell out of this punch bag. And they go back to work and they feel great.B: Oh,God yes, well, that brings us on to laughing then. That made me laugh.C:Well that's one way of dealing with anger as well, I suppose, if you can actually remove yourself from the situation and just laugh at it. I think laughter is one of the most wonderful releases, and I think that it's actually been proved that you know that chemical that is released when you laugh is life-enhancing and life elongating too, you know. It promotes a healthy, a healthier being.Part IVClassifying and organizing ideasAbility, the facts or ideas, are related to one anotherRoman, Arabic, letters, standard form, decreasing importance, capital letters, small。
英语听力入门3000 step by step 词组总结
1.Meaning that/ to be largely separateIn the US,where are many different races,only 3 percent of all marriages are between blacks and whites, meaning that the races are still largely separate in marriage.2.To look beyond the physical appearanceYou should be able to look beyond the physical appearance and see what sort of a person he or she is,whether they’re selfish or selfless,whether they’re kind,caring.3.To lay the blame forIn fact I think we can probably lay the blame for the high percentage of divorce---it’s a third I think now,isn’t it?4.To bring then together as one/until death do them partThey say their wedding vows which bring then together as one.They promise to love andcherish each other until death do them part.5.To end upAnd ...anyway we ended up living together and still are.And it just seemed so amazing that ,you know,we were both from the same thing and westarted chatting and ended up being together.6.To feel choked by the bitter of disappointmentI squared my shoulders and saluted and held out the book to the woman,even though while Ispoke I felt choked by the bitter of disappointment.7.To raise the roof 掀翻屋顶You are gonna raise the roof8.To report (a lot wallet)I guess I’ll take it to the police station and see if anyone’s reported a lost wallet,9.To make (definite/strict/harsh) rulesThese parents make definite rules. They were strict ,but not harsh.10.To correct one’s behavior by rewards/punishmentThey correct their son’s behavior by rewards,not by punishment.11.To vent one’s anger on/upon 发泄愤怒I use any excuse to vent my anger on anybody.Sleepless nights,I’m full of anger and my anger does not ebb away （消逝，消退）unless I use a thing or somebody to vent it upon.12.To set out to failNo one sets out in life to fail. 没有人生来就是失败者。
Step_by_step_3000_第二册_U1-U6_答案与原文教学内容
S t e p_b y_s t e p_3000 _第二册_U1-U6_答案与原文Unit 1Part I - A87, 80, 53, 48, 24, 17Script:The Porter FamilyMr William Porter is very old. He is 87. And Mrs Catherine Porter is 80. Mr Porter is from Wales. John Porter and Mary are brother and sister. John Porter is 53 and he is a lawyer. His wife Susan is 48, and she is an architect. James Porter and Joan Lee are cousins. James Porter is 24 and Joan Lee is 17.Part I - B1.spending special time together.2.specific, complain, request, praise.3.fatigue, insecurities, foxhole, striking out , protect.4.distant5.all marriages, Work together o understand6.Respect, danger, professional, physical, verbal7.Understand, winPart I - C40, excel, domestic argument, losingwin-win, lose-lose, win, a gift, returnsargue over, aren't, who, in control, fear, didn't need, ought not to , couldn't, tried to, destroy, marriagelove, loved, secure, discover, garden, cultivate, the most precious, own self, bloom. obtain, our partner, loved and respected, control.Part II- AA21.similar social backgrounds.2.the same race or same ethnic background.3.the same religion.A3Japan / 9.2% / arranged marriages3% / between blacks and whitesMany people in Western cultures choose their own wives and husbands. In many other countries, spouse are often chosen by the parents. In China and Japan before this century (20th century), upper-class marriages were arranged by the older males. In many cultures in the Middle East, Asia, and pre-industrial Europe, the man's familynegotiated a "bride price" with the woman's family; the man's family was expected to pay it. In Hindu India, the bride's family paid a "groom's price" to the family of the man. These customs are weakening;for intance, only 9.2 percent of Japanese marriages are now arranged.What are the criteria for choosing mates? Most marriages-whether arranged by families or occurring from personal attraction or love--are based on similar social backgrounds. In other words, the man and the woman come from the same social class (or else a class that is only slightly higher or slight lower). Among many people in Egypt, key members of the man's family must go to the family of the woman and propose marriage. These family members must be able to show that the man's family is at least of the same social class as the woman and that a certain amount of money exists to allow the marriage to go forward.Having the same race or the same ethnic background is the second main criterion for marriage throughout the world. In the U.S,. Where there are many different races, only 3 percent of all marriages are between blacks and whites, meaning that the races are still largely separate in marriage.In many countries, marriage is also based on the woman and man having the same religion; this is a third common criterion for choosing a mate. In culture in which religion is very strong value, marriages would often not take place if there were religious differences.Part II - B1.physical appearance;2.what somebody looks like, ....., look beyond the physical appearance3.the high percentage of divorces.4.falling love with somebody,..... ,loving somebodyScript:What do you think it is that attracts people to each other, that makes people want to be together?I think that perhaps unfortunately in the initial stages it's the physical appearance that attracts. I think unless you find somebody attractive, unless there's something about them-it could only perhaps be the way they smile or they laugh, or a twinkle in their eye, or the way of a curl falls over their forehead. But something like that has to make you interested enough to find out more about that person, unless that's there I think you just don't bother. So initially physical attraction I think is all important.Why do you say "unfortunately"?Because in fact it shouldn't be what somebody looks like that is important. You should be able to look beyond he physical appearance and see what sort of a person he or she is, whether they are selfish or selfless, whether they are kind, caring. But I think initially you are not bothered with that. That come perhaps later.In pop songs and magazines and newspapers and son on, the idea of falling love in s always emphasized, so people have this idea that you have to fall in love. Do you think this is misleading for people? Do you think people expect something that in fact doesn't exist?Yes, I do. In fact I think we can probably lay the blame for the high percentage of divorce--it's a third I think now, isn't it? I think one in three people get divorced. Probably as far as I can see it, the reason is that they go into marriage or into a relationship with a very romantic view of love which I think has been created by the pop songs, by all the love stores, by the Barbara Cartland novels, etc. , that young people read. Really, you meet someone, you fall in love, and that's it., it's the beginning, they live happily even after. And I think that's the problem, because people just expect that, and it's not like that.So what is it, do you think, that really sustains a relationship, that keeps a relationship going?Well, I think you have to differentiate between falling in love with somebody, which I see as more superficial, and loving somebody, which I see as a deeper emotion and one that perhaps lasts. Falling in love is superficial attraction, being attracted to somebody physically, having fun together, whereas loving somebody I think is an emotion that grows, it comes with shared experiences, perhaps enjoying doing the same things together, shared hobbies, shared interests, suffering together as well, going through the bad times, helping each other, supporting each other. I think all that needs time to grow, and I'd call that love, and I think that's what makes a relationship last.Part II - Cone of the biggest decisions they will make in life,as the "just-right" wife for him,definition of what the "just-right"wife is,the millionaire man and the poor man ,her physical qualities,different words,by her physical qualities,in two different atmospheres,also have their definition of the "just-right" wife,the German man's definition is different from the Spanish man's.Script:Part IIIA baseball diamond frizzly hair / glasses/ funny/ monologueA wine bar pizzaA fancy-dress party the man dressed as Cheshire CatOutside a cinema coincidence/ he'd also missed the filmA boat/ the river bank fell in river/ he dived in and rescued herScript:Kate: I was on my way home from junior high and in order to get to my house you have to walk by this baseball diamond. And there was a game of baseball going on and it looked kind of interesting, so I stopped. There weren't very many people watching. And there was this guy and he wasn't really very good-looking, but he had frizzly hair and glasses and he was really funny. He did this kind of monologue thing, which war great. And I went home and I told my mother I was going to marry him after talking to him for half an hour. And when I got to high school, he was president of the student body and he asked me out and...we've got our picture in the yearbook together holding hands, and it's really nice.Ke: Well, I'd arranged to have a drink with a friend of mine, a woman friend of mine who's a platonic friend of mine. And she insisted on bringing this friend of hers who she said I'd like to meet and I thought she was trying to fix us up and I said, "Please don't!" But she did bring this friend and we hit it off. And after the wine bar we went to have a pizza and we all had a few more drinks and the other woman who ended up ordering a pizza that had a bunch of stuff on it that she really liked, so we picked at each other's pizzas all night and we realized that we were sort of had an ideal relationship, so that we could order really any pizza on the menu and we'd both be happy. And anyway we ended up living together and still are.Coralyn: We met at a party and it was fancy-dress party. A friend of mine's twenty-first and it was quite big and I went dressed as Alice in Wonderland and this person, this guy that I married was dressed as the Cheshire Cat. And it just seemed so amazing that, you know, we were both from the same thing and we started chatting and ended up being together.Jill: I'd arranged to go to the cinema with a group of friends and unfortunately I missed the train that would have got me to standing outside--the film had started. So I wasn't allowed in. And there was a chap outside, he'd also missed the film and we started to talk and we talked quite a bit and he said,"Let's go down the road and see that film, because that one hasn't started at the Odeon." So we went down there and we've been going out ever since!Carole: I first met my partner when he was on a boat and I was on the river bank, standing and looking generally into the distance and he was coming in to land with his boat and he threw me a rope and said,"Would you mind catching this?" and I caught it and missed and tripped over it and fell in the river and he had to dive in and rescue me. And that was it!Part IVBook, choked, disappointment, take you to dinner, tolerant smile, went by, rose, big restaurant, test, understand and admireScript:John Blanchard stood up from the bench, straightened his army uniform, and studied the crowd of people making their way through Grand Central Station. He looked for the girl whose heart he knew, but whose face he didn't, the girl with the rose. His interest in her had begun thirteen months before in Florida library. Taking a book off the shelf he found himself intrigued, not with the words of the book, but with the notes penciled in the margin. The soft handwriting reflected a thoughtful soul and insightful mind. In the front of the book, he discovered the previous owner's name, Miss Hollis Maynell.With time and effort he located her address. She lived in New York City. He wrote her a letter introducing himself and inviting her to correspond. The next day he was shipped overseas for service in World War through the mail. Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was budding. Blanchard requested a photograph, but she refused. She felt that if he really cared, it wouldn't matter what she looked like. When the day finally come for him to return from Europe, they scheduled their first meeting --7:00p.m. At the Grand Hotel Station in New York. "You will recognize me,"she wrote, "by the red rose I'll be wearing on my lapel." So at 7:00 he was in the station looking for a girl whose heart he loved, but whose face he'd never seen. I'll let Mr Blanchard tell you what happened.A young woman was coming toward me, her figure long and slim. Her blonde hair lay back in curls from her delicate ears. Her eyes were as blue flowers. Her lips and chin had a gentle firmness, and in her pale green suit she was like spring time coming alive.I started toward her, entirely forgetting to notice that she was not wearing a rose. As I moved, a small, provocative smile curved her lips. " Going my way, sailor?" she murmured. Almost uncontrollably I made one step closer to her, and then I saw Holllis Maynell. She was standing almost directly behind the girl. A woman well past 40, she had graying hair tucked under a worn hat. She was more than plump, herthick-ankled feet thrust into low-heeled shoes. The girl in the green suit was waking quickly away.I felt as thought I was split into two, so keen was my desire to follow her, and yet so deep was my longing for the woman whose spirit had truly companioned me and upheld my own. And there she stood. Her pale plump face was gentle and sensible, her gray eyes had a warm and kindly twinkle. I did not hesitate. My fingers gripped the small worn blue leather copy of the book that was to identify me to her. This would not be love, but it would be something precious, something perhaps even better than love.......I squared my shoulders and saluted and held out the book to the woman, even though while I spoke I felt chocked by the bitterness of my disappointment: “I’m Lieutenant John Blanchard. I’m so glad you could meet me; may I take you Take you to dinner?” The woman’s face broadened into a tolerate smile.. “I don’t know what this isabout ,son ,” she answered, ‘but the young lady in the green suit who just went by ,she begged me to wear this rose on my coat. And she said if you were to ask me to dinner, I should tell you that she is waiting for you in the big restaurant across the street. She said this is kind of test!Unit 2 Shaping and reshaping personality Part I-A1- h, 2-d, 3-j, 4-k, 5-b, 6-i,7-g, 8-e, 9-l, 10-f, 11-c, 12-aTape script:1.Taurus April 21- May12, is represented by a bull.2.Virgo is represented by a young woman.3.Capricorn......... by a goat.4.Pisces................by two fish.5.Aquarius............by the water-bearer.6.Leo.....................by a lion7.Cancer ...............by a crab8.Aries....................by a ram9.Gemini.................by twins10.Sagitarus............by a centaur shooing an arrow11.Scorpio................by a scorption12.Libra...................by a pair of measuring scales.Part I - BVery, not very, extremely, sort of, veryTape script:W: Hey, Kevin. Help me fill out this personality survey. It'll be fun.M:Oh, I don't know...W: Oh, come on... Ok, here's the first one--what should I put for "aggressive"?M:Oh, I....I'd say "very".W: Very? Really?M: Yeah, sure. Look at the way you drive!W: Well, Ok, so I'm a very aggressive driver... But.. You have to drive like that in this city, or you're gonna be hit, because....M:Uh,... What's the next one?W: "Selfish".M:Oh, not at all.W: Really? Well... Maybe just a little... I mean, a lot of people are, right? Just a little bit? You know, I mean, I try to think of other people, but sometimes I do just think of myself, I guess.M: Ok,Ok, so put "not very."W: OK.M: But you can put "extremely " for the next one.W: What? Oh, "kind"?M: Yes. Don't you think you are an extremely kind person?W: I am? Ok, if you say so. Oh, look t this next one.W: Yeah.M: Hmm... I don't know. Sometimes you can be really patient, but other times you are not patient at all. Like remember that time in line at the supermarket when you got... W: Ok, ok, I get your point. I'll put "sort of"/.M: Ok, that's right.W: Next one..."jealous"... I guess I am sort of jealous...M: Sort of? I'd put "very". Remember how angry you got when my ex-girlfriend called the other day? I remember you are gonna raise the roof...W: All right, all right, " Very".Part I- CAmbitious and proudHelpful and honestSelfish and unreliableTape script:GeorgeW: So what are you going to do after you graduates, George?G: I' m going to start my own business.W: Oh, really? What type of business?G: Well, I haven't decided yet, but I know I'll be successful in anything I do. In fact, I am going to be one of the top business people in town in less than five years. Just wait and see! I have everything it takes --I am smart, I can organize people. And I am full of ideas that can make money.KarenK: Hey! Look at this wallet on the sidewalk. Wow! There's lot of money in it... But no identification. Mmm...I wonder how I can find the owner? I guess I will take it to the police station and see if anyone has reported a lost wallet.PamM: What are you doing tonight, Pam?P: Well, I was supposed to meet Bill after work for a movie, but I don't feel like going.I think I will go shopping instead.M: Won't Bill get mad?P: Oh, I am sure he can find something else to do.M:Oh?P: Besides, I really need some new clothes. I haven't bought any for nearly a month! M:Huh!Part IIYoung boys1. Measure the boys' abilities and how they felt about their own abilities;2.Three groups--those with high self-esteem/middle self-esteem/low self-esteem3. In all situation--at home/ at work/ in school/ with friends1. Active/able to express ideas/successful in school and in relations with other people/creative/led in discussions/interested in world problems/seldom tired or sick2. Like the boys with high self-esteem/express ideas freely/saw the world as a good and happy place/ not sure of their own value3. Sad most time/ afraid to start activities/ felt no love/ couldn't express ideas/ afraid of anger/no talk in discussiona. closenessb. good behavior b.almost anythingc.definite, strict, kind and thoughtful c. no definited. rewards d. harsh punishmente. democratic, respectedf. importance, taken away f. didn't love themTape script:Scientists have learned a great deal about the parts of brain and their functions. They have also studied the development of the personality, for example, how a baby learns to love. In recent studies at two universities in the United States, scientists have investigated the development of self-esteem.Self-esteem is the respect a person has for himself, his belief in his ability and in the value of what he does. The scientists studied self-esteem in young boys. They gave them many tests. These test measured the boys' abilities and also how they felt about their own abilities. After the tests, the boys were divided into three groups--those with high-esteem, those with middle-esteem and those with love self-esteem. The scientist continued to study the boys in all situations. They studied them at home, at work, in school, and with their friends.From their studies, the scientists made some observations. Boys with high self-esteem were active. They were able to express their ideas. They were successful in school and in their relations with other people. In discussions, they led. They didn't just listen. They were interested in world problems. They were creative and believed that they could finish whatever they started. They seldom became tired or sick. In many ways, the boys with middle self-esteem were like the boys with high self-esteem. They too expressed their ideas freely and saw the world as a good and happy place. However, they were not sure of their own value as people. They did their best work when they were sure that other people liked them. The boys with low self-esteem were different from the other two groups. They were sad most of them time. They were afraid to start activities. They felt that no one loved them. They could notexpress their ideas. They were afraid of anger. In a discussion, they listened, but they didn't talk.The scientists asked, "How do some boys develop high self-esteem?" :"What is different in their lives?" Some of the answers were surprising. High self-esteem did not depend upon physical appearance, or money, or size of family. It did not depend upon how much the mother was at home. The scientists found that there was a closeness between the boys with high self-esteem and their parents. Their parents showed real interest in them, and spend time with time . They listened to their sons and gave them help when the boys asked for it. They knew their sons' friends. The son knew that they were important to their parents. These parents demanded good behavior. They mad definite rules. They were strict, but not harsh. They corrected their sons' behavior by rewards, not by punishment. They never took away their love. On the other hand, the parents of boys with low self-esteem let their sons do almost anything. If a boy made a mistake, the parents punished him harshly. They boys believed that their parents didn't love them. There were no definite rules. The family life of the boys with high self-esteem was democratic. The parents made rules, but they led in a kind and thoughtful way. They showed respect for their children's ideas, even when they did not agree with them. They let the boys give their opinions in discussions of family plans. These boys were productive citizens. Now these scientists are studying other groups of children. They want to learn how to help children with low self-esteem feel better about themselves. In this way, these children can become productive citizens too.Part III- ASad, temporary, long, suffer from mental,Anyone, ten , developing,80 percent, drugs, effective, carefullyWithout, activity, minor, walking, 30, four, improve, physical, traditional, hour, talking, doctors, Discussion, ways, problemsEducation, understand.Part III - B1Joyous, warm, lovingManifest anger vent anger on somebodyDump angerTape scriptSpeaker 1I actually very rarely get anger. I've quite a long tether when it comes to anger, which doesn't mean, I really don't believe I'm suppressing any anger at all, but it manifest itself in a very sarcastic way with me. Like if for example, if I'm buying a railway ticket or something and the guy behind the counter is very surly and you now refusesto treat me like a human being, I won't get angry with him but I'll get very sarcastic with him and try to make very very clever remarks. And that for me severs its purpose. I do feel cleansed after a situation like that. Of course I do sometimes, if it's absolutely necessary I do get very angry, if I'm taken that far. But I certainly don't suppress any anger.Speaker 2Well, my anger is tied up with my sleepless nights. I mean, if I don not sleep well, I wake up in the morning, I am angry. I use any excuse to vent my anger on anybody. If I sleep well, then everything is fine. I'm a joyous, warm, loving person. Sleepless nights, I'm full of anger and my anger does not ebb away unless I use a thing or somebody to vent it upon. As weak as that may sound, that's how I work. And it's terrible sort of admission to make to everybody here. If I'm looking for excuses for having woken up in a particularly bad way, in a way, anger is something that I have to get out. I do not carry it around by weeping, and like crying. I believe in dumping it.Part III - B1Punch bags with pictures of their bossLaughing at it.Tape script:A: Apparently, I don't know if this is true, but in Japan, if factory workers get a bit uptight or angry, they can go out into the gym or something which is usually attached to the factory and there are punch bags with pictures of their boss. And they can go and they can spend twenty minutes punching hell out of this punch bag. And they go back to work and they feel great.B: Oh,God yes, well, that brings us on to laughing then. That made me laugh.C:Well that's one way of dealing with anger as well, I suppose, if you can actually remove yourself from the situation and just laugh at it. I think laughter is one of the most wonderful releases, and I think that it's actually been proved that you know that chemical that is released when you laugh is life-enhancing and life elongating too, you know. It promotes a healthy, a healthier being.Part IVClassifying and organizing ideasAbility, the facts or ideas, are related to one anotherRoman, Arabic, letters, standard form, decreasing importance, capital letters, small letters,To the left, to the right, equal, the same distance, easy to see, the ideas before and after it.No punctuationOutlining, practice.Unit 3 All can succeedPart I-A1. in your imagination,/think into the future, possibilities, a positive way, the starting point2. expect to win/fulfill the vision3. opportunity/recognize, grab, a risk takerPart I - B1. organizational skills2. results oriented3. open-minded4. in the decision process5. parental and citizen6. innovation and excellence7. the develpment8. Cooperation9. students needs10. ideas and plans11. high quality performance12. directly and clearly13. continuous professionaldevelopment14. their background or position15. a consensus builder16. leardship skills17. your bond, trustworthy18. the position19. personal integrity20. work well with othersPart I- CEscaped poverty, master's degree, worst slums, overwhelming odds, English universityProspectus leaflet, discarded, set his heart, violent, crime-ridden, 13, principal breadwinner, drugs, beaten, attacked, came close, overdose, gaining a place, a visa, had doubts, genuine student, be rewardedPart II - AA1mum, bringing up 3 childrenphysical disabilities, physical difficulty of arthritis, hold her backa headmistressan actor energy, self-publicistA2F T F FTape script:Speaker 1I think my mum's very successful because she's managed to bring up three children - excellently - in such a horrible society that we live in today. She's taught us to be kind and loving, she taught us to share, she taught us to love our family - be very family-oriented- and I think that's really important.Speaker 2The person that I can think of within my life, well, I probably can think of several but the one that instantly came to mind when you popped this question to me was somebody who lives in Harpenden and who has overcome physical difficulty of arthritis remarkably well, and not allowed it to hold her back any more than is obviously necessary because of her physical disabilities. So I think she's made a very good - a great success of overcoming a difficulty.Speaker 3I think, Mable Davies, here who's very successful. She's a deaf lady who's now the headmistress and I think that must have been hard, so I've got a lot of respect for her, because my parents are also deaf so I know how difficult it is to work your way up having a handicap, so I've got quite a lot admiration to her.Speaker 4I think in professional terms Kenneth Branagh, the actor, has been very successful and I think the reason for this more than anything else is that he's a very good self-publicist. He is undoubtedly a very good actor. I've not seen him on stage, I've seen him on film and he's got an enormous amount of energy and as I say, he's a very good self-publicist.A2Statements:13.According to the first speaker, the most important thing that mum taught her children is to love the family.14.When the second speaker was interviewed, the successful person that immediately came to her mind was the one with arthritis.15.The third speaker has a lot of respect for Mable Davies because she herself is a deaf.16.The fourth speaker thinks that the actor has got an enormous amount of energy as he saw him on stage and on film.Part II- B1subordinate positions, serious responsibility, threshold, broom, sweeping out, salutary branch, future partner, try his hand, sweepersobtain employment, aim high, rest content, thoughts, concerns, at the topprime condition, energy, thought, captital, on that line, the mostscattered their captial, brains, all wrong, watch that basket, take notice, fail, breaks, on his head, apt to tumble, lack of concentrationPart II- B2原文To summarize what I have said: aim for the highest; never enter a bar room; do not touch liquor, or if at all only at meals; never speculate; never indorse beyond your surplus cash fund; make the firm’s interest yours; break orders always to save owners; concentrate; put all your eggs in one basket, and watch that basket; expenditure always within revenue; lastly, be not impatient, for as Emerson says, “no one can cheat you out of ultimate success but yourselves.”Part III- A原文Adrienne, The United State sWhat are my best qualities? This is a difficult question for someone to answer I think, but I'll give it a shot. I think my best qualities are probably that I have a good sense of humor. I genuinely like people and I like talking to people and I like to be entertaining if i can possibly be.Conrad, The United StatesWhat is my best quality? I'd say my best quality is my friendliness. I always try to be positive and polite and friendly to people who I meet, especially the first time and I try to continue that but regardless of who they are I try to give them, you know, treat them friendly. I enjoy being friendly, so it's not really work to me. It's just part of my personality.Lisa, CanadaWhat are my best qualities? My best qualities are the fact that I am a good friend. I'm considerate and caring. I'm a good listener. I can always... I'm always there to hear if my friends having a bad day or just really needs to talk, and I think I'm just really nice, even though I'm not always nice to everyone. To the people I really care。
(完整版)新概念英语第二册lesson5知识点
鸽子It's not my pigeon. ＝None of my business. 不关我的事。
★message n. （口头或书面的）信息Here is a message for you from your sister.an oral/written message 口信/便条leave sb. a message 给……留便条I'll leave you a message.take a message for sb. 替某人捎口信Can I take a message for you? 我能替你捎个口信吗?Can you take a message for me? 你能替我捎个口信吗?take a message to sb. 给某人口信打电话 :Hello!--‡May I have a word with Tom ?/May I speak with/to Tom? --‡Can you take a message for me?information n. 信息（不可数）messenger n. 送信人，信使★cover v. 越过；覆盖① vt. 盖，覆盖Snow covered the whole village.She covered the child with a coat. 她给孩子盖了件外衣。
② vt. 行过（一段距离），走过（通常不用被动语态）cover+距离越过……You can cover the distance to the museum in ten minutes.③ n. 覆盖物，盖子，罩子，套子Put a cover on the box!★distance n. 距离keep distance 保持距离distant adj.远距离的Can I share this table?Can I join you?importance n. 重要 important adj. 重要的difference n. 不同 different adj. 不同的★request n. 要求, 请求① n.request for 对……有请求, 有需求I have a request for the cake.He granted my request for more time. 他同意了我延长时间的请求。
Stepbystep3000英语听力入门2课程设计
Stepbystep3000英语听力入门2课程设计1. 课程概览Stepbystep3000英语听力入门2课程为初学英语听力的学生准备，主要聚焦在听力基础知识、听力技巧和听力应用等方面。
本课程设计共包含20个模块，每个模块包含四个环节：课前预习、听力训练、听力评估和课后复习。
本课程的主要目标是培养学生的英语听力能力，增强学生的英语应用能力。
2. 听力基础知识2.1 基础词汇在英语听力中，基础单词的掌握程度对听力能力的提高至关重要。
本课程将先介绍一些简单的基础单词，如数字、颜色、家庭关系等。
2.2 基础语音英语有一套特殊的语音系统，学生需要熟悉英语语音，并能准确发音。
本课程将介绍英语语音与汉语语音的差异，并介绍一些常用的重音规则。
2.3 基础语法英语语法也是影响听力的重要因素。
本课程将介绍一些简单的英语语法知识，如动词时态、单复数等。
3. 听力技巧3.1 听力重点在听力理解中，抓住重点是非常重要的。
本课程将介绍如何从对话中抓住重点，以及如何借助上下文来理解重点。
3.2 笔记记录听英语讲话时，经常有一些重要的信息需要记录下来。
本课程将介绍如何记录笔记，以及如何有效地应用笔记。
3.3 听力技巧练习本模块将提供大量的听力练习，以帮助学生熟悉听力技巧。
学生可以听自己感兴趣的英语材料，如新闻、电影、音乐等。
4. 听力应用4.1 听力应用实践听力知识学习并不是最终目的，应用能力才是最关键的。
本课程将通过实践，让学生应用所学听力技能，如电话接听、面试、商务沟通等场景。
4.2 回答问题在很多情况下，听懂英语并不意味着能够回答问题。
本课程将教授学生如何有效回答问题。
4.3 口语表达英语听力与口语是相辅相成的，口语训练也是本课程的重要环节。
本课程将提供各种口语训练资源，如英语情景剧、英语辩论等。
5. 课后自主复习在每次课程学习结束后，学生需要进行自主复习，巩固所学知识。
本课程提供的复习资源包括单词记忆、听力练习、口语练习等。
听力教程第二版第二册Unit5答案
百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我Unit5 Section One Tactics for ListeningPart2 listening and Note-taking ReadingB: When should a child start learning to read and write? This is one of the questions I am most frequently asked. There is no hard and fast rule, for no two are alike, and it would be wrong to set a time when all should start being taught the ins and outs of reading letters to form words.If a three-year-old wants to read (or even a two-year-old for that matter), the child deserves to be given every encouragement. The fact that he or she might later be "bored" when joining a class of non-readers at infant school is the teacher's affair. It is up to the teacher to see that such a child is given more advanced reading material.Similarly, the child who still cannot read by the time he goes to junior school at the age of seven should be given every help by teachers and parents alike. They should make certain that he is not dyslexic*. If he is, specialist help should immediately be sought.Although parents should be careful not to force youngsters aged two to five to learn to read (if badly done it could put them off reading for life) there is no harm in preparing them for simple recognition of letters by labelling various items in their room. For instance, by a nice piece of cardboard tied to their bed with BED written in neat-big letters.Should the young child ask his parents to teach him to read, and if the parents1百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我are capable of doing so, such an appeal should not be ignored. But the task should be undertaken gently, with great patience and a sense of humour. Reading should never be made to look like a chore and the child should never be forced to continue, should his interest start to flag*. Exercise A: 1. There is no hard and fast rule, for no two are alike. 2. The fact that he or she might later be "bored" when joining a class of non-readers atinfant school is the teacher's affair. 3. If badly done it could put them off reading for life 4. But the task should be undertaken gently. 5. Reading should never be made to look like a chore. Exercise B:It would be wrong to set a time when a child should start learning to read and write. Parents should encourage youngsters aged two to five to read if they show interests in it, but never force them to learn to read. He or she might later be "bored" when joining a class of non-readers at infant school. Then it is up the teacher to see that such a child is given more advanced reading material.Similarly, if a child cannot read at the age of seven teachers and parents should make certain that he is not dyslexic. If he is, specialist help should immediately be soughtParents should not ignore the young child's appeal to teach him to read. But the task should be undertaken gently, with great patience and a sense of humour Reading should never be made to look like a chore and the child should never be forced to continue, if his interests start to falgSection Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialoguesDialogue 1 Digital Sound {Music} MIKE: Wow! Nice. CDs have such good sound. Do you ever wonder how theymake CDs? KATHY: Well, they get a bunch of musicians together, and they sing and play. MIKE: Come on. You know what I mean. Why is the sound quality so good? I mean,why do CDs sound so much clearer than cassette tapes? KATHY: Actually, I do know that. MIKE: Really'? KATHY: It's all based on digital sound. CDs are digital. Digital sound is like severalphotos, all taken one after another. It's kind of like pictures of sound. The intensity of the sound – how strong it is -- is measured very quickly. Then it's measured again and again. When we hear the sound, it all sounds like one long piece of sound, but it's really lots of pieces close together. And each piece is really clear.2百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我M1KE: So digital is like lots of short "pieces" of sound. KATHY. Exactly. This is different from analog* -- that's how they used to record.Analog is more like one wave of sound. It moves up and down with volume and pitch. Anyway, analog is like a single wave. Digital is like a series of pieces. MIKE: OK, I understand that. But how do they make the CDs? KATHY: I told you, Mike. They get a bunch of musicians together, and they singand play. MIKE: Kathy !KATHY: No. What really happens is first they do a digital recording -- onvideotape.MIKE: On videotape. KATHY: Yeah, they use videotape. So then the videotape is played through acomputer. MIKE: OK. What does the computer do? KATHY: Well, the computer is used to figure out the "pieces" of sound we weretalking about; how long everything is, how far apart spaces are. MIKE: OK. So the computer is figuring out those separate "pieces" of sound. KATHY: Yeah. They need to do that to make the master. MIKE: The master? KATHY: The master is the original that all the other CDs are copied from. It's madeof glass. It's a glass disk that spins around -- just like a regular CD. And the glass disk is covered with a chemical. They use a laser to bum the signal, or the song, into the glass plate. The laser burns through the chemical, but not through the glass. MIKE: So the laser cuts the sound into the plate. KATHY: Right. What it's doing is cutting little holes . into the back of the disk. Those holes are called "pits." The laser puts in the pits.MIKE: So CDs really have little holes on the back? I didn't know that.KATHY: Yeah. Tiny pits. They're too small to see. [Pause.] Anyway, then they've got the master, and they make copies from it. Then you buy your copy and put it in the CD player.MIKE: Put it in the CD player ... That part I understand. KATHY: There's another laser in your CD player. The light of the laser reflects offthe CD. The smooth part of the CD reflects straight back, like a mirror. But the light that bounces off the pits is scattered. Anyway, the computer in your CD player reads the light that bounces off the pits. And you get the music. MIKE: Reflected light, huh? ... Uh ... you knew what I like? Just relaxing, listening to music, and not really worrying about how it gets on the disk. KATHY: You want me to explain it again?3百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我「Music」 A: Digital soundAnalogical soundQuality Much clearerRecording technique Digital sound is like several photos all taken one after another. It's Kind of like pictures of sound, Digital is like a series of pieces. Aanlog is more like one wave of sound. It moves up and down with volume and pitch. Analog is like a single waveB: I. The making of the CDs A. Recording a. They get a bunch of musicians together, singing and playing. b. First they do a digital recording -- on videotape. c. Then the videotape is played through a computer. d. The computer figures out those separate "pieces" of sound to make the master. B. The making of the master a. The master is the original that all the other CDs are copied from. b. It's made of glass, covered with a chemical. c. They use laser to burn the signal, or the song, into the glass plate. The laser bums through the chemical, but not through the glass. d. It cuts little holes into the back of the disk. Those holes are called "pits." e. They make copies from it. II. Playing back A. You buy the copy and put it in the CD player. B. The light of the laser reflects off the CD. a. The smooth part of the CD reflects straight back, like a mirror. b. But the light that bounces off the pits is scattered. c. The computer in your CD player reads the light that bounces off the pits. d. You get the music.Dialogue 2 Lost in TranslationMan: Here's one I wouldn't have thought of. You know those "before and after" commercials for laundry soap? Woman: The ones with a pile of dirty clothes on one side and then the same clothes after they'vebeen washed? Sure. Man: There was an American company that had one of those ads. It was really successful in4百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我North America. In the ad there was a pile of dirty clothes on the left, a boxof the laundry soap in the middle, and a pile of clean clothes on the right.So, the message was that a box of this detergent* would make really dirtyclothes clean.Woman: Yeah?Man: So what do you think happened when they used the ad in the Middle East?Woman: I don't know.Man: Think about it. In the Middle East, languages are written from right to left.People look at things from right to left.Woman: So it looked like the soap made the clothes dirty?Man: "Our soap will make your clothes dirty !" Not a very smart ad campaign.Woman: They should have changed the order of the pictures. They should have putthe picture of the clean clothes on the left side and the dirty clothes on theright.Man: Really.Man:Oh, here's another one. Some shirt maker put an ad in a Mexicanmagazine.Woman: And?Man: Well, the ad was supposed to say, "When I wore this shirt, 1 felt good."But they made a translation mistake.Woman: What did they say?Man: Instead of "When I wore this shirt," the ad said, "Until 1 wore this shirt, Ifelt good."Woman: "Until I wore this shirt, I felt good"? Gee, changing one little word gave itthe oppositemeaning.Man : The article says sometimes it's not just the advertising slogan that getscompanies into trouble. Sometimes the company name can scare offbusiness.Woman: What do you mean?Man: Well, there was a large oil company in the United States called Enco:E-N-C-O.Woman: Yeah, I remember them.Man: They opened some gas stations in Japan, and they advertised using theirAmerican name. Unfortunately, they didn't know what the word means inJapanese.Woman: What does it mean?Man: "Enco" is a short way of saying "Engine stop" in Japanese.Woman: Great. Would you buy gasoline from a company that said your car enginewouldstop?Man : No, and neither did the Japanese.5百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我Exercise: Product advertised detergentshirtDescription of the ad MessageMistake madeIn the ad there was a pile of dirty clothes on the left, a box of the laundry soap in the middle, and a pile of clean clothes on the right.This detergent would make really dirty clothes clean.When I wore this shirt, I felt good.In the Middle East, they should have changed the order of the pictures.They made a translation mistake, which changed the meaning into "until I wore this shirt, I felt good."gasThey advertisedusing their Americanname. Unfortunately,which is a short wayof saying "Enginestop" in Japanese.Part 2 Passages Passage 1 Toothbrush Brushing our teeth -- such a commonplace activity today, has been around for a long time. Imagine: the ancient Egyptians were already concerned about their dental hygiene! We know this today because they also had the good habit of being entombed* with all their treasures ... So we were able to discover that tombs from 3,000 years before Christ contained small tree branches whose ends had been frayed* into soft fibers. It's comical to imagine an Egyptian stopping to brush his teeth after a meal, on his break from building a pyramid! The true ancestor of our toothbrush, however, was invented by the Chinese in the 15th century and brought back to Europe by travellers. This toothbrush was made of hairs from the neck of a Siberian wild boar which were fixed to a bamboo or bone handle. The people of the Occident*, however, found the wild boar hairs too stiff. At the time, very few people in the Western world brushed their teeth, and those who did preferred horse hairs, which were softer than those of the wild boar! In Europe, it was more customary after meals to use a goose feather toothpick, or one made of silver or copper. Other animals' hair was also used for dental care, right up until this century. But it was the poor Siberian wild boar that took the brunt of it. The animal was6百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我imported for its neck hairs for a long, long time ... in fact, until nylon was invented, in the 20th century!In 1937, in the Du Pont laboratories in Nemours, U.S., nylon was invented by Wallace H.Carothers. In 1938, this new material became a symbol of modernism and prosperity through the commercialization of nylon stockings and of Dr. West's miracle toothbrush with nylon bristles. The wild boars were finally off the hook!At first, even if there were many advantages to using this new brush instead of the one made with wild boar hairs (which fell out, wouldn't dry very well or became full of bacteria), the consumers were not entirely satisfied. This is because the nylon bristles were very stiff and hurt the gums. In 1950, Du Pont improved their toothbrush by giving it softer bristles.Today the brands, types, and colours of toothbrushes on the market are almost endless. In spite of this, certain African and American populations still use tree branches to care for their teeth! Exercise A: First, the toothbrush was made of hairs from the neck of a Siberian wild boar. Second, the toothbrush was made of horse hairs and other animals' hairs. In the 20th century, the toothbrush was made of nylon bristles. Exercise B: 1.A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. D Exercise C: 1. In Egypt, tombs from 3,000 years before Christ contained small tree brancheswhose ends had been frayed into soft fibers. 2. In the 15th century, Europeans usually use a goose feather toothpick, or one madeof silver or copper to care for their teeth. 3. People used animals' hair for dental care right up until the 20th century when nylonwas invented. 4. In 1937, in the Du Pont laboratories in Nemours, U.S., nylon was invented byWallace H. Carothers. 5. Certain African and American populations still use tree branches to care for theirteeth. Part 3 News7百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我News Item 18百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我9百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我10Section Three Oral WorkRetellingScheduled to address the nation one day, Winston Churchill, running unusually late, hailed a cab in London's West End and ordered him to drive to the BBC as quickly as possible."Sorry, sir," the driver replied. "You'll have to find yourself another cab.""And why is that?" Churchill asked."Ordinarily it wouldn't be a problem, sir," the driver apologetically explained, "but Mr Churchill is broadcasting at six o'clock and I want to get home in time to hear him."Churchill, greatly flattered, took a pound note from his wallet and handed it to the cabbie. The man gladly took the tip: "Hop in, sir? he exclaimed. "The devil with Mr Churchill!"Section Four Supplementary ExercisesReading RecoveryMore than 1 million school children in the United States have gone through a program called Reading Recovery. The program is for six-year-olds who are struggling to learn to read,The Reading Recovery Council of North America says more than one-fifth of United States public schools with first grades use the program.The Reading Recovery method calls for a specially trained reading teacher to work With children one at a time. The lessons take a half-hour each school day. They employ reading, writing and the study of the letters of the alphabet.Reading Recovery came to the United States in 1984. Education expert Marie (pronounced MAHR-ee) Clay of New Zealand developed the program. A number of other countries also use this method. Programs can differ from school to school.Reading Recovery lessons take place for twelve to twenty weeks. During the lessons, the teacher looks for ways that the child seems to learn best. Then the teacher works to help the student develop these strategies to solve problems in reading. The idea is for the student to continue to use and extend these strategies each time he or she reads.Reading Recovery students read many short books. Some of the books are written in a way similar to spoken language. Children also read and write stories or messages in their own words. The material gets harder with time.The lessons end when the student's reading ability is within the average level of the class. The Reading Recovery Council of North America says eighty percent of students who finish the lessons can read and write within their class average.The council is a group with 11,000 members. The group named a new president this month. Mary Jackson is director of special programs for the Fort Bend public school system in Sugar Land, Texas. Mizz Jackson says more than 99 percent of the Reading Recovery students in the schools passed the state reading examination.Some administrators* may not like the higher cost of the Reading Recoverymethod compared to other interventions*. Teachers, after all, work with only small numbers of first graders. But supporters say it saves money in the end. They say it helps prevent the sad results and expense of letting children fail in school.Reading Recovery is a program developed by a New Zealand education expert Marie Clay. It aims at first graders who fail to learn to read at school. This program came to the US in 1984and up to now more than one million school children have gone through this program. During the lessons, the teacher works with the children one at a time. He/she looks for ways that the child seems to learn best. Then the teacher works to help the student develop these strategies to solve problems hi reading. When the student's reading ability is within the average level of the class, the lessons end. Some administrators may not like the higher cost of the program but supporters say it saves money in the end. It helps prevent the sad results and expense of letting children fail in school.Exercise C:Your opinionDirections: Listen to the passage again and give your opinion on the following topic. "Children also read and write stories in their own words."1. What are the advantages of reading and writing stories in one's own words? Passage 2 Internet Overtaking TV among Consumers。
stepbystep3000英语听力入门词汇
Unit 1architectWalesspecificunderstandfatigue 疲劳foxhole 散兵坑，隐蔽处distracted 开小差abuse“lose-lose” solutionsattest 证明excelreside in 在于configuration 配置spousesocial backgroundsraceethnicreligionpre-industrial 工业革命前的proposecriterion 标准physical appearancefall in lovesustain 维持differentiate 使..和..有差别“just-right” wife 刚好合适的physical qualities 体格素质athleticsports qualities 运动素质vowupper portion 上半身designer clothing 量体裁衣baseball diamond 棒球场fancy-dress party 化妆舞会frizzly （小）卷的yearbook 年鉴platonic 不切实际的hit it off 投机chap 家伙trip over 绊倒Unit 2constellation 星座Taurus 金牛座VirgoCapricorn 摩羯座Pisces 双鱼座Aquarius 水瓶座LeoCancer 巨蟹座Aries 白羊座Gemini 双子座Sagittarius 射手座centaur 半人马座Scorpio 天蝎座Libra 天秤座personality surveyaggressivejealousraise the roof 喧闹，大声抱怨a lost walletsmartidentificationself-esteemobservationactiveexpress ideasrelations with other people investigateharsh 粗糙的，刺耳的democratic 民主的depressiondrugspsycho-therapy 心理（精神）疗法public educationmoderatetether 限度，范围suppress 压制manifest 显示surly 脾气还好的cleanse 净化，纯净vent 排出ebb away 褪去dump 垃圾场；倾倒uptight 紧张的，易怒的punch 用拳猛击Unit 3opportunityprosper 成功，飞黄腾达shed light onto 使清楚地显示be blessed with 有..的福气positivecriticallyinteractencourageinvolvementdevelopmentcooperationperformancestaffenhancement 增加regardless ofconsensus 一致bond 使结合，以..作保integrity 正直，诚实，完整Kenyamaster’s degreeslum 贫民窟prospectus 内容说明书，样张leafletdiscardstinking 发恶臭的，讨厌的breadwinner 负担家计的人overdose 药量过多visa 签证initially 最初地tenacity 固执，不屈不挠resourcefulness 足智多谋bring up childrenovercome difficultyheadmistress 女校长self-publicistpoparthritis 关节炎handicap 妨碍，不利因素subordinate positionbroom 扫帚；扫除aim high 胸怀大志concentrationthrust upon 强迫承担threshold 入口，门槛janitor 守卫janitress 女门警salutary 有益的foreman 领班prime 初期；主要的scatter 分散be apt to 倾向于tumble 摔倒，倒塌speculate 推测indorse 承认，赞成surplus 剩余expenditure 支出，花费revenue 税收，收益ultimategive a shot 尝试genuinely 真诚地consideratedelegate 代表minion 属下unconditionaltarnish 失去光泽quality time 黄金时光Unit 4experienceapplicantsbachelor’s degreeresume 简历qualifiedpositioncandidateadministrationdynamic 充满活力的mobileturnover 营业额in excess of 超越audit 审计师hottest jobstissue （器官）组织culture 栽培，培植geneticdefectgenetherapy 治疗molecule 分子pharmacologic 药理学livestock 牲畜therapeutic 治疗的laden 充满的modify 修改fiddle 干涉，改变handyman 做零活的人daunt 沮丧video cassette recorder VCRdigital versatile disc DVD holographic 全息toaster 面包机diagnostics 诊断学ambient 周边的hijack 劫持；敲诈bicycle motocross racer 两轮摩托车越野赛选手championtrophy 奖品donatedSpecial Olympicshandicapped youngstersfeat 技艺awesome 敬畏的hardware 器皿set around 无所事事crippled 拐脚的gesturecollege studentbusiness experiencereal business worldresponsibilitytuition 学费，讲授ladderpayroll 工资单contracta list of questionsgive thought to 给予考虑have a clear knowledge ofsuccess and prospectsimmediate advantages 眼前的利益long-term prospects 长期的前景job preferences 对工作的喜爱future happiness and contentmentdraw up 起草bear in mindpartially 部分地，偏袒地aptitude 智能weigh 权衡a fund of 许多haphazard 偶然的；偶然事件Unit5internal-combustion engine 内燃机barometer 大气压计atmospheric pressure 大气压力Polaroid 宝丽来pendulum 钟摆diesel 柴油fuel oil 燃油dynamite 炸药kaleidoscope 万花筒harpsichord 竖琴gunsmith 造枪者blacksmith 铁匠calendarpuppet 木偶，傀儡paper clip 纸夹patentadhesive 粘性primer 涂料cellular phone 手机commission 委员会authorize 授权subscribe v.签署subscriber 订户，签署者credit with 把。
step_by_step_3000第二册答案
Unit 1 Happy Family Life SpeakingTopic 1春节词汇Spring Festival Words节日名Greeting season春节The Spring Festival农历lunar calendar正月lunar January; the first month by lunar calendar除夕New Year's Eve; eve of lunar New Year初一the beginning of New Year元宵节The Lantern Festival习俗Customs过年Guo-nian; have the Spring Festival对联poetic couplet: two successive rhyming lines in poetry春联Spring Festival couplets剪纸paper-cuts年画New Year paintings买年货special purchases for the Spring Festival ; do Spring Festival shopping敬酒propose a toast灯笼lantern: a portable light烟花fireworks爆竹firecrackers (People scare off evil spirits and ghosts with the loud pop.)舞狮lion dance (The lion is believed to be able to dispel evil and bring good luck.)舞龙dragon dance (to expect good weather and good harvests)戏曲traditional opera杂耍variety show; vaudeville灯谜riddles written on lanterns灯会exhibit of lanterns守岁staying-up拜年pay New Year's call; give New Year's greetings; New Year's visit禁忌taboo去晦气get rid of the ill- fortune祭祖宗offer sacrifices to one's ancestors压岁钱red envelopes/red packets/a cash gift; gift money; money given to children as lunar New Year gift辞旧岁bid farewell to the old year 扫房spring cleaning; general house-cleaning祝福语Blessings金玉满堂Treasures fill the home生意兴隆Business flourishes岁岁平安Peace all year round恭喜发财Wishing you prosperity和气生财Harmony brings wealth心想事成May all your wishes come true吉祥如意Everything goes well国泰民安The country flourishes and people live in peace招财进宝Money and treasures will be plentiful一帆风顺Wishing you every success步步高升Promoting to a higher position出入平安Safe trip wherever you go祝您新的一年快乐幸福！Wish you happiness and prosperity in the coming year! 祝您事业成功，家庭美满Wish you success in your career and happiness of your family!食品Food年糕Nian-gao; rise cake; New Year cake团圆饭family reunion dinner年夜饭the dinner on New Year's Eve饺子Jiao-zi; Chinese meat ravioli汤圆Tang-yuan; dumplings made of sweet rice, rolled into balls and stuffed with either sweet or spicy fillings糖果盘candy tray什锦糖assorted candies - sweet and fortune 蜜冬瓜candied winter melon - growth and good health金桔cumquat - prosperity糖莲子candied lotus seed - many descendents to come糖藕candied lotus root - fulfilling love relationship红枣red dates - prosperity花生糖peanut candy - sweetTraditions and cultures of Spring FestivalThe Spring Festival is the most important festival for the Chinese people and is when all family members get together, just like Christmas in the West. All people living away from home go back, becoming the busiest time for transportation systems of about half a month from the Spring Festival. Airports, railway stations and long-distance bus stations are crowded with home returnees.The Spring Festival falls on the 1st day of the 1st lunar month, often one month later than the Gregorian calendar. It originated in the Shang Dynasty (c. 1600 BC-c. 1100 BC) from the people's sacrifice to gods and ancestors at the end of an old year and the beginning of a new one.Strictly speaking, the Spring Festival starts every year in the early days of the 12th lunar month and will last till the mid 1st lunar month of the next year. Of them, the most important days are Spring Festival Eve and the first three days. The Chinese government now stipulates people have seven days off for the Chinese Lunar New Year.Many customs accompany the Spring Festival. Some are still followed today, but others have weakened.On the 8th day of the 12th lunar month, many families make laba porridge, a delicious kind of porridge made with glutinous rice, millet, seeds of Job's tears, lotus seeds, beans, longan and gingko.The 23rd day of the 12th lunar month is called Preliminary Eve. At this time, people offer sacrifice to the kitchen god. Now however, most families make delicious food to enjoy themselves.After the Preliminary Eve, people begin preparing for the coming New Year. This is called "Seeing the New Year in".Store owners are busy then as everybody goes out to purchase necessities for the New Year. Materials not only include edible oil, rice, flour, chicken, duck, fish and meat, but also fruit, candies and kinds of nuts. What's more, various decorations, new clothes and shoes for the children as well as gifts for the elderly, friends and relatives, are all on the list of purchasing. Before the New Year comes, the people completely clean the indoors and outdoors of their homes as well as their clothes, bedclothes and all their utensils.Then people begin decorating their clean rooms featuring an atmosphere of rejoicing and festivity. All the door panels will be pasted with Spring Festival couplets, highlighting Chinese calligraphy with black characters on red paper. The content varies from house owners' wishes for a bright future to good luck for the New Year. Also, pictures of the god of doors and wealth will be posted on front doors to ward off evil spirits and welcome peace and abundance.The Chinese character "fu" (meaning blessing or happiness) is a must. The character put on paper can be pasted normally or upside down, for in Chinese the "reversed fu" is homophonic with "fu comes", both being pronounced as "fudaole." What's more, two big red lanterns can be raised on both sides of the front door. Red paper-cuttings can be seen on window glass and brightly colored New Year paintings with auspicious meanings may be put on the wall.People attach great importance to Spring Festival Eve. At that time, all family members eat dinner together. The meal is more luxurious than usual. Dishes such as chicken, fish and bean curd cannot be excluded, for in Chinese, their pronunciations, respectively "ji", "yu" and "doufu," mean auspiciousness, abundance and richness. After the dinner, the whole family will sit together, chatting and watching TV. In recent years, the Spring Festival party broadcast on China Central Television Station (CCTV) is essential entertainment for the Chinese both at home and abroad.According to custom, each family will stay up to see the New Year in.Waking up on New Year, everybody dresses up. First they extend greetings to their parents. Then each child will get money as a New Year gift, wrapped up in red paper. People in northern China will eat jiaozi, or dumplings, for breakfast, as they think "jiaozi" in sound means "bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new". Also, the shape of the dumpling is like gold ingot from ancient China. So people eat them and wish for money and treasure.Southern Chinese eat niangao (New Year cake made of glutinous rice flour) on this occasion, because as a homophone, niangao means "higher and higher, one year after another." The first five days after the Spring Festival are a good time for relatives, friends, and classmates as well as colleagues to exchange greetings, gifts and chat leisurely.Burning fireworks was once the most typical custom on the Spring Festival. People thought the spluttering sound could help drive away evil spirits. However, such an activity was completely or partially forbidden in big cities once the government took security, noise and pollution factors into consideration. As a replacement, some buy tapes with firecracker sounds to listen to, some break little balloons to get the sound too, while others buy firecracker handicrafts to hang in the living room.The lively atmosphere not only fills every household, but permeates to streets and lanes. A series of activities such as lion dancing, dragon lantern dancing, lantern festivals and temple fairs will be held for days. The Spring Festival then comes to an end when the Lantern Festival is finished. China has 56 ethnic groups. Minorities celebrate their Spring Festival almost the same day as the Han people, and they have different customs.Useful words and expressionsf amily 家庭spouse 配偶single单身life span 寿命marriage life 婚姻生活bachelor 单身汉spinster 老处女courtship 求爱lad 少年, 少女female friend 女性朋友play house 过家家play hide-and-seek 捉迷藏puppy love初恋friendship 友谊engagement 订婚fiancé未婚夫fiancée 未婚妻wedding ceremony 婚礼honeymoon 蜜月newlyweds 新婚夫妇husband 丈夫wife 妻子happiness 幸福mother-in-law 婆婆dowry 嫁妆mama`s boy 没有男子气概的男人uxorious 疼爱妻子的twin 双胞胎daughter 女儿son 儿子maternal 母亲的paternal 父亲的children 子女parental 父母亲的filial 子女的divorce 离婚consolation money 抚慰金alimony 抚养费single parent 单亲fall in love 恋爱fight for divorce 提请离婚诉讼widow 寡妇widower 鳏夫separation 分居bridesmaid 女傧相best man 男傧相monogamy 一夫一妻制in laws 姻亲family tree 家谱ancestors 祖先descendant 后代1. 跟别人要钱mooch off someone我最讨厌跟别人要钱的人了。
新概念英语第二册lesson5知识点
新概念英语第二册l e s s o n5知识点(总4页)-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1-CAL-本页仅作为文档封面，使用请直接删除5N o w r o n g n u m b e r s★pigeon n. 鸽子It's not my pigeon. ＝None of my business. 不关我的事。
★message n. （口头或书面的）信息Here is a message for you from your sister.an oral/written message 口信/便条leave sb. a message 给……留便条I'll leave you a message.take a message for sb. 替某人捎口信Can I take a message for you 我能替你捎个口信吗Can you take a message for me 你能替我捎个口信吗take a message to sb. 给某人口信打电话 :Hello!--May I have a word with Tom /May I speak with/to Tom--Can you take a message for meinformation n. 信息（不可数）messenger n. 送信人，信使★cover v. 越过；覆盖① vt. 盖，覆盖Snow covered the whole village.She covered the child with a coat. 她给孩子盖了件外衣。
② vt. 行过（一段距离），走过（通常不用被动语态）cover+距离越过……You can cover the distance to the museum in ten minutes.③ n. 覆盖物，盖子，罩子，套子Put a cover on the box!★distance n. 距离keep distance 保持距离distant adj.远距离的Can I share this tableCan I join youimportance n. 重要 important adj. 重要的difference n. 不同 different adj. 不同的★request n. 要求, 请求① n.request for 对……有请求, 有需求I have a request for the cake.He granted my request for more time. 他同意了我延长时间的请求。
stepbystep3000第二册1到5答案解析和原文
Unit 1Part I - A87, 80, 53, 48, 24, 17Script:The Porter FamilyMr William Porter is very old. He is 87. And Mrs Catherine Porter is 80. Mr Porter is from Wales. John Porter and Mary are brother and sister. John Porter is 53 and he is a lawyer. His wife Susan is 48, and she is an architect. James Porter and Joan Lee are cousins. James Porter is 24 and Joan Lee is 17.Part I - B1.spending special time together.2.specific, complain, request, praise.3.fatigue, insecurities, foxhole, striking out , protect.4.distant5.all marriages, Work together o understand6.Respect, danger, professional, physical, verbal7.Understand, winPart I - C40, excel, domestic argument, losingwin-win, lose-lose, win, a gift, returnsargue over, aren't, who, in control, fear, didn't need, ought not to , couldn't, tried to, destroy, marriagelove, loved, secure, discover, garden, cultivate, the most precious, own self, bloom.obtain, our partner, loved and respected, control.Part II- AA21.similar social backgrounds.2.the same race or same ethnic background.3.the same religion.A3Japan / % / arranged marriages3% / between blacks and whitesMany people in Western cultures choose their own wives and husbands. In many other countries, spouse are often chosen by the parents. In China and Japan before this century (20th century), upper-class marriages were arranged by the older males. In many cultures in the Middle East, Asia, and pre-industrial Europe, the man's family negotiated a "bride price" with the woman's family; the man's family was expected to pay it. In Hindu India, the bride's family paid a "groom's price" to the family of the man. These customs are weakening;for intance, only percent of Japanese marriages are now arranged.What are the criteria for choosing mates Most marriages-whether arranged by families or occurring from personal attraction or love--are based on similar social backgrounds. In other words, the man and the woman come from the same social class (or else a class that is only slightly higher or slight lower). Among many people in Egypt, key members of the man's family must go to the family of the woman and propose marriage. These family members must be able to show that the man's family is at least of the same social class as the woman and that a certain amount of money exists to allow the marriage to go forward.Having the same race or the same ethnic background is the second main criterion for marriage throughout the world. In the ,. Where there are many different races, only 3 percent of all marriages are between blacks and whites, meaning that the races are still largely separate in marriage.In many countries, marriage is also based on the woman and man having the same religion; this is a third common criterion for choosing a mate. In culture in which religion is very strong value, marriages would often not take place if there were religious differences.Part II - B1.physical appearance;2.what somebody looks like, ....., look beyond the physical appearance3.the high percentage of divorces.4.falling love with somebody,..... ,loving somebodyScript:What do you think it is that attracts people to each other, that makes people want to be togetherI think that perhaps unfortunately in the initial stages it's thephysical appearance that attracts. I think unless you find somebody attractive, unless there's something about them-it could only perhaps be the way they smile or they laugh, or a twinkle in their eye, or the way of a curl falls over their forehead. But something like that has to make you interested enough to find out more about that person, unless that's there I think you just don't bother. So initially physical attraction I think is all important.Why do you say "unfortunately"Because in fact it shouldn't be what somebody looks like that is important. You should be able to look beyond he physical appearance and see what sort of a person he or she is, whether they are selfish or selfless, whether they are kind, caring. But I think initially you are not bothered with that. That come perhaps later.In pop songs and magazines and newspapers and son on, the idea of falling love in s always emphasized, so people have this idea that you have to fall in love. Do you think this is misleading for people Do you think people expect something that in fact doesn't existYes, I do. In fact I think we can probably lay the blame for the high percentage of divorce--it's a third I think now, isn't it I think one in three people get divorced. Probably as far as I can see it, the reason is that they go into marriage or into a relationship with a very romantic view of love which I think has been created by the pop songs, by all the love stores, by the Barbara Cartland novels, etc. , that young people read. Really, you meet someone, you fall in love, and that's it., it's the beginning, they live happily even after. And I think that's the problem, because people just expect that, and it's not like that.So what is it, do you think, that really sustains a relationship, that keeps a relationship goingWell, I think you have to differentiate between falling in love with somebody, which I see as more superficial, and loving somebody, which I see as a deeper emotion and one that perhaps lasts. Falling in love is superficial attraction, being attracted to somebody physically, having fun together, whereas loving somebody I think is an emotion that grows, it comes with shared experiences, perhaps enjoying doing the same things together, shared hobbies, shared interests, suffering together as well, going through the bad times, helping each other, supporting each other.I think all that needs time to grow, and I'd call that love, and I think that's what makes a relationship last.Part II - Cone of the biggest decisions they will make in life,as the "just-right" wife for him,definition of what the "just-right"wife is,the millionaire man and the poor man ,her physical qualities,different words,by her physical qualities,in two different atmospheres,also have their definition of the "just-right" wife,the German man's definition is different from the Spanish man's.Script:Part IIIA baseball diamond frizzly hair / glasses/ funny/ monologueA wine bar pizzaA fancy-dress party the man dressed as Cheshire CatOutside a cinema coincidence/ he'd also missed the filmA boat/ the river bank fell in river/ he dived in and rescued herScript:Kate: I was on my way home from junior high and in order to get to my house you have to walk by this baseball diamond. And there was a game of baseball going on and it looked kind of interesting, so I stopped. There weren't very many people watching. And there was this guy and he wasn't really very good-looking, but he had frizzly hair and glasses and he was really funny. He did this kind of monologue thing, which war great. And I went home and I told my mother I was going to marry him after talking to him for half an hour. And when I got to high school, he was president of the student body and he asked me out and...we've got our picture in the yearbook together holding hands, and it's really nice.Ke: Well, I'd arranged to have a drink with a friend of mine, a woman friend of mine who's a platonic friend of mine. And she insisted on bringing this friend of hers who she said I'd like to meet and I thought she was trying to fix us up and I said, "Please don't!" But she did bring this friend and we hit it off. And after the wine bar we went to havea pizza and we all had a few more drinks and the other woman who ended up ordering a pizza that had a bunch of stuff on it that she really liked, so we picked at each other's pizzas all night and we realized that we were sort of had an ideal relationship, so that we could order really any pizza on the menu and we'd both be happy. And anyway we ended up living together and still are.Coralyn: We met at a party and it was fancy-dress party. A friend of mine's twenty-first and it was quite big and I went dressed as Alice in Wonderland and this person, this guy that I married was dressed as the Cheshire Cat. And it just seemed so amazing that, you know, we were both from the same thing and we started chatting and ended up being together.Jill: I'd arranged to go to the cinema with a group of friends and unfortunately I missed the train that would have got me to standing outside--the film had started. So I wasn't allowed in. And there was a chap outside, he'd also missed the film and we started to talk and we talked quite a bit and he said,"Let's go down the road and see that film, because that one hasn't started at the Odeon." So we went down there and we've been going out ever since!Carole: I first met my partner when he was on a boat and I was on the river bank, standing and looking generally into the distance and he was coming in to land with his boat and he threw me a rope and said,"Would you mind catching this" and I caught it and missed and tripped over it and fell in the river and he had to dive in and rescue me. And that was it!Part IVBook, choked, disappointment, take you to dinner, tolerant smile, went by, rose, big restaurant, test, understand and admireScript:John Blanchard stood up from the bench, straightened his army uniform, and studied the crowd of people making their way through Grand Central Station. He looked for the girl whose heart he knew, but whose face he didn't, the girl with the rose. His interest in her had begun thirteen months before in Florida library. Taking a book off the shelf he found himself intrigued, not with the words of the book, but with the notespenciled in the margin. The soft handwriting reflected a thoughtful soul and insightful mind. In the front of the book, he discovered the previous owner's name, Miss Hollis Maynell.With time and effort he located her address. She lived in New York City. He wrote her a letter introducing himself and inviting her to correspond. The next day he was shipped overseas for service in World War through the mail. Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart.A romance was budding. Blanchard requested a photograph, but she refused. She felt that if he really cared, it wouldn't matter what she looked like. When the day finally come for him to return from Europe, they scheduled their first meeting --7:. At the Grand Hotel Station in New York. "You will recognize me,"she wrote, "by the red rose I'll be wearing on my lapel." So at 7:00 he was in the station looking for a girl whose heart he loved, but whose face he'd never seen. I'll let Mr Blanchard tell you what happened.A young woman was coming toward me, her figure long and slim. Her blonde hair lay back in curls from her delicate ears. Her eyes were as blue flowers. Her lips and chin had a gentle firmness, and in her pale green suit she was like spring time coming alive. I started toward her, entirely forgetting to notice that she was not wearing a rose. As I moved, a small, provocative smile curved her lips. " Going my way, sailor" she murmured. Almost uncontrollably I made one step closer to her, and then I saw Holllis Maynell. She was standing almost directly behind the girl.A woman well past 40, she had graying hair tucked under a worn hat. She was more than plump, her thick-ankled feet thrust into low-heeled shoes. The girl in the green suit was waking quickly away.I felt as thought I was split into two, so keen was my desire to follow her, and yet so deep was my longing for the woman whose spirit had truly companioned me and upheld my own. And there she stood. Her pale plump face was gentle and sensible, her gray eyes had a warm and kindly twinkle. I did not hesitate. My fingers gripped the small worn blue leather copy of the book that was to identify me to her. This would not be love, but it would be something precious, something perhaps even better than love.Unit 2 Shaping and reshaping personalityPart I-A1- h, 2-d, 3-j, 4-k, 5-b, 6-i,7-g, 8-e, 9-l, 10-f, 11-c, 12-aTape script:1.Taurus April 21- May12, is represented by a bull.2.Virgo is represented by a young woman.3.Capricorn......... by a goat.4.Pisces................by two fish.5.Aquarius............by the water-bearer.6.Leo.....................by a lion7.Cancer ...............by a crab8.Aries....................by a ram9.Gemini.................by twins10.Sagitarus............by a centaur shooing an arrow11.Scorpio................by a scorption12.Libra...................by a pair of measuring scales.Part I - BVery, not very, extremely, sort of, veryTape script:W: Hey, Kevin. Help me fill out this personality survey. It'll be fun.M:Oh, I don't know...W: Oh, come on... Ok, here's the first one--what should I put for "aggressive"M:Oh, I....I'd say "very".W: Very ReallyM: Yeah, sure. Look at the way you drive!W: Well, Ok, so I'm a very aggressive driver... But.. You have to drive like that in this city, or you're gonna be hit, because....M:Uh,... What's the next oneW: "Selfish".M:Oh, not at all.W: Really Well... Maybe just a little... I mean, a lot of people are, right Just a little bit You know, I mean, I try to think of other people, but sometimes I do just think of myself, I guess.M: Ok,Ok, so put "not very."W: OK.M: But you can put "extremely " for the next one.W: What Oh, "kind"M: Yes. Don't you think you are an extremely kind personW: I am Ok, if you say so. Oh, look t this next one.W: Yeah.M: Hmm... I don't know. Sometimes you can be really patient, but other times you are not patient at all. Like remember that time in line at the supermarket when you got...W: Ok, ok, I get your point. I'll put "sort of"/.M: Ok, that's right.W: Next one..."jealous"... I guess I am sort of jealous...M: Sort of I'd put "very". Remember how angry you got when my ex-girlfriend called the other day I remember you are gonna raise the roof...W: All right, all right, " Very".Part I- CAmbitious and proudHelpful and honestSelfish and unreliableTape script:GeorgeW: So what are you going to do after you graduates, GeorgeG: I' m going to start my own business.W: Oh, really What type of businessG: Well, I haven't decided yet, but I know I'll be successful in anything I do. In fact, I am going to be one of the top business people in town in less than five years. Just wait and see! I have everything it takes --I am smart, I can organize people. And I am full of ideas that can make money.KarenK: Hey! Look at this wallet on the sidewalk. Wow! There's lot of money in it... But no identification. Mmm...I wonder how I can find the ownerI guess I will take it to the police station and see if anyone has reporteda lost wallet.PamM: What are you doing tonight, PamP: Well, I was supposed to meet Bill after work for a movie, but I don't feel like going. I think I will go shopping instead.M: Won't Bill get madP: Oh, I am sure he can find something else to do.M:OhP: Besides, I really need some new clothes. I haven't bought any for nearly a month!M:Huh!Part IIYoung boys1. Measure the boys' abilities and how they felt about their own abilities;groups--those with high self-esteem/middle self-esteem/low self-esteem3. In all situation--at home/ at work/ in school/ with friends1. Active/able to express ideas/successful in school and in relations with other people/creative/led in discussions/interested in world problems/seldom tired or sick2. Like the boys with high self-esteem/express ideas freely/saw the world as a good and happy place/ not sure of their own value3. Sad most time/ afraid to start activities/ felt no love/ couldn't express ideas/ afraid of anger/no talk in discussiona. closenessb. good behavior anything, strict, kind and thoughtful c. no definited. rewards d. harsh punishmente. democratic, respectedf. importance, taken away f. didn't love themTape script:Scientists have learned a great deal about the parts of brain and their functions. They have also studied the development of the personality, for example, how a baby learns to love. In recent studies at two universities in the United States, scientists have investigated the development of self-esteem.Self-esteem is the respect a person has for himself, his belief in his ability and in the value of what he does. The scientists studied self-esteem in young boys. They gave them many tests. These test measured the boys' abilities and also how they felt about their own abilities. After the tests, the boys were divided into three groups--those with high-esteem, those with middle-esteem and those with love self-esteem.The scientist continued to study the boys in all situations. They studied them at home, at work, in school, and with their friends.From their studies, the scientists made some observations. Boys with high self-esteem were active. They were able to express their ideas. They were successful in school and in their relations with other people. In discussions, they led. They didn't just listen. They were interested in world problems. They were creative and believed that they could finish whatever they started. They seldom became tired or sick. In many ways, the boys with middle self-esteem were like the boys with high self-esteem. They too expressed their ideas freely and saw the world as a good and happy place. However, they were not sure of their own value as people. They did their best work when they were sure that other people liked them. The boys with low self-esteem were different from the other two groups. They were sad most of them time. They were afraid to start activities. They felt that no one loved them. They could not express their ideas. They were afraid of anger. In a discussion, they listened, but they didn't talk.The scientists asked, "How do some boys develop high self-esteem" :"What is different in their lives" Some of the answers were surprising. High self-esteem did not depend upon physical appearance, or money, or size of family. It did not depend upon how much the mother was at home. The scientists found that there was a closeness between the boys with high self-esteem and their parents. Their parents showed real interest in them, and spend time with time . They listened to their sons and gave them help when the boys asked for it. They knew their sons' friends. The son knew that they were important to their parents. These parents demanded good behavior. They mad definite rules. They were strict, but not harsh. They corrected their sons' behavior by rewards, not by punishment. They never took away their love. On the other hand, the parents of boys with low self-esteem let their sons do almost anything. If a boy made a mistake, the parents punished him harshly. They boys believed that their parents didn't love them. There were no definite rules. The family life of the boys with high self-esteem was democratic. The parents made rules, but they led in a kind and thoughtful way. They showed respect for their children's ideas, even when they did not agree with them. They let the boys give their opinions in discussions of family plans. These boys were productive citizens. Now these scientists are studying other groups of children. They want to learn how to help children with low self-esteem feel better about themselves. In this way, these children can become productive citizens too.Part III- ASad, temporary, long, suffer from mental,Anyone, ten , developing,80 percent, drugs, effective, carefullyWithout, activity, minor, walking, 30, four, improve, physical, traditional, hour, talking, doctors, Discussion, ways, problems Education, understand.Part III - B1Joyous, warm, lovingManifest anger vent anger on somebodyDump angerTape scriptSpeaker 1I actually very rarely get anger. I've quite a long tether when it comes to anger, which doesn't mean, I really don't believe I'm suppressing any anger at all, but it manifest itself in a very sarcastic way with me. Like if for example, if I'm buying a railway ticket or something and the guy behind the counter is very surly and you now refuses to treat me like a human being, I won't get angry with him but I'll get very sarcastic with him and try to make very very clever remarks. And that for me severs its purpose. I do feel cleansed after a situation like that. Of course I do sometimes, if it's absolutely necessary I do get very angry, if I'm taken that far. But I certainly don't suppress any anger.Speaker 2Well, my anger is tied up with my sleepless nights. I mean, if I don not sleep well, I wake up in the morning, I am angry. I use any excuse to vent my anger on anybody. If I sleep well, then everything is fine. I'm a joyous, warm, loving person. Sleepless nights, I'm full of anger and my anger does not ebb away unless I use a thing or somebody to vent it upon. As weak as that may sound, that's how I work. And it's terrible sort of admission to make to everybody here. If I'm looking for excuses for having woken up in a particularly bad way, in a way, anger is something that I have to get out. I do not carry it around by weeping, and like crying. I believe in dumping it.Part III - B1Punch bags with pictures of their bossLaughing at it.Tape script:A: Apparently, I don't know if this is true, but in Japan, if factory workers get a bit uptight or angry, they can go out into the gym or something which is usually attached to the factory and there are punch bags with pictures of their boss. And they can go and they can spend twenty minutes punching hell out of this punch bag. And they go back to work and they feel great.B: Oh,God yes, well, that brings us on to laughing then. That made me laugh.C:Well that's one way of dealing with anger as well, I suppose, if you can actually remove yourself from the situation and just laugh at it.I think laughter is one of the most wonderful releases, and I think that it's actually been proved that you know that chemical that is released when you laugh is life-enhancing and life elongating too, you know. It promotes a healthy, a healthier being.Part IVClassifying and organizing ideasAbility, the facts or ideas, are related to one anotherRoman, Arabic, letters, standard form, decreasing importance, capital letters, small letters,To the left, to the right, equal, the same distance, easy to see, the ideas before and after it.No punctuationOutlining, practice.Unit 3 All can succeedPart I-A1. in your imaginationthink into the future, possibilities, a positive way, the starting point2. expect to winfulfill the vision3. opportunityrecognize, grab, a risk takerPart I - B1. organizational skills2. results oriented3. open-minded4. in the decision process5. parental and citizen6. innovation and excellence7. the develpment8. Cooperation9. students needs10. ideas and plans11. high quality performance12. directly and clearly13. continuous professional development14. their background or position15. a consensus builder16. leardship skills17. your bond, trustworthy18. the position19. personal integrity20. work well with othersPart I- CEscaped poverty, master's degree, worst slums, overwhelming odds, English universityProspectus leaflet, discarded, set his heart, violent, crime-ridden, 13, principal breadwinner, drugs, beaten, attacked, came close, overdose, gaining a place, a visa, had doubts, genuine student, be rewardedPart II - AA1mum, bringing up 3 childrenphysical disabilities, physical difficulty of arthritis, hold her backa headmistressan actor energy, self-publicistA2F T F FTape script:Speaker 1I think my mum's very successful because she's managed to bring up three children - excellently - in such a horrible society that we live in today. She's taught us to be kind and loving, she taught us to share, she taught us to love our family - be very family-oriented- and I think that's really important.Speaker 2The person that I can think of within my life, well, I probably can think of several but the one that instantly came to mind when you popped this question to me was somebody who lives in Harpenden and who has overcome physical difficulty of arthritis remarkably well, and not allowed it to hold her back any more than is obviously necessary because of her physical disabilities. So I think she's made a very good - a great success of overcoming a difficulty.Speaker 3I think, Mable Davies, here who's very successful. She's a deaf lady who's now the headmistress and I think that must have been hard, so I've got a lot of respect for her, because my parents are also deaf so I know how difficult it is to work your way up having a handicap, so I've got quite a lot admiration to her.Speaker 4I think in professional terms Kenneth Branagh, the actor, has been very successful and I think the reason for this more than anything else is that he's a very good self-publicist. He is undoubtedly a very good actor. I've not seen him on stage, I've seen him on film and he's got an enormous amount of energy and as I say, he's a very good self-publicist.A2Statements:13.According to the first speaker, the most important thing that mum taught her children is to love the family.14.When the second speaker was interviewed, the successful person that immediately came to her mind was the one with arthritis.15.The third speaker has a lot of respect for Mable Davies because she herself is a deaf.16.The fourth speaker thinks that the actor has got an enormous amount of energy as he saw him on stage and on film.Part II- B1subordinate positions, serious responsibility, threshold, broom, sweeping out, salutary branch, future partner, try his hand, sweepers obtain employment, aim high, rest content, thoughts, concerns, at the topprime condition, energy, thought, captital, on that line, the most scattered their captial, brains, all wrong, watch that basket, take notice, fail, breaks, on his head, apt to tumble, lack of concentrationPart II- B2Part III - B1Joyous, warm, lovingManifest anger vent anger on somebodyDump angerTape scriptSpeaker 1I actually very rarely get anger. I've quite a long tether when it comes to anger, which doesn't mean, I really don't believe I'm suppressing any anger at all, but it manifest itself in a very sarcastic way with me. Like if for example, if I'm buying a railway ticket or something and the guy behind the counter is very surly and you now refuses to treat me like a human being, I won't get angry with him but I'll get very sarcastic with him and try to make very very clever remarks. And that for me severs its purpose. I do feel cleansed after a situation like that. Of course I do sometimes, if it's absolutely necessary I do get very angry, if I'm taken that far. But I certainly don't suppress any anger.Speaker 2Well, my anger is tied up with my sleepless nights. I mean, if I don not sleep well, I wake up in the morning, I am angry. I use any excuse to vent my anger on anybody. If I sleep well, then everything is fine. I'm a joyous, warm, loving person. Sleepless nights, I'm full of anger and my anger does not ebb away unless I use a thing or somebody to vent it upon. As weak as that may sound, that's how I work. And it's terrible sort of admission to make to everybody here. If I'm looking for excuses for having woken up in a particularly bad way, in a way, anger is something that I have to get out. I do not carry it around by weeping, and like crying. I believe in dumping it.。
英语听力入门stepbystep3000第二册unit5知识点
英语听力入门stepbystep3000第二册unit5知识点P52 B1、fax machine 传真机2、folding fans 折扇3、the chocolate bar 巧克力块〔条〕4、the calendar 日历5、the mechanical clock机械钟6、puppets木偶P53 Cpaper clips回形针post-its便利贴first cellular phones第一代手机automatic washing machine全自动洗衣机disposable diapers一次性尿布zippers拉链Band-Aids创可贴soft contact lenses软性隐形眼镜P55 A(1) Gutenberg古腾堡（Johannes，1400-1468，德国活版印刷发明人） a type mould型模the first successful system of movable type第一个成功的移动式系统(2) Copernicus哥白尼（Nicolaus，1473—1543，波兰天文学家）modern science of astronomy现代天文学技术开创者planets moving around the sun行星绕太阳运行earth moving around its center once every day地球每天围绕其中心运动一次（3）Galileo伽利略the first to use telescope observing planets and stars第一个使用望远镜观测行星和恒星planets circling the sun行星环绕太阳转(4)Harvey哈维（William，1578—1657，英国医生及解剖学家，血液循环之发现者）how blood moves in animals and people血液在动物和人身上的流动(5)Newton牛顿inventing calculus发明微积分secrets of light and color光与色的秘密theory of gravitation引力理论P56-57 A(1) Darwin达尔文theory of evolution进化论(2) Pasteur巴斯德Pasteurization method巴氏杀菌法the germ theory胚芽理论vaccination—the method of preventing disease 疫苗(3) Edison爱迪生（美国发明家）the motion picture电影sound recording录音制品electric light电灯improving telephone 改进电话improving machines that produce electricity 改进发电机器working on many electric motors在许多电动机上工作(4) Freud弗洛伊德（Sigmund，1856-1939，奥地利神经学家、精神病医学家、精神分析的创始人）ideas that dreams helps us understand our unconscious self梦想帮助我们理解无意识的自我helping form the ideas of modern psychiatry帮助形成现代精神病学的体系ideas about sexual development关于性发展想法(5)Einstein爱因斯坦（著名物理学家）theory of relativity-the mathematical statement:E=mc的平方相对论P57 B2、F in the past错，录音中说today many people still strongly oppose4、F the motion picture错，录音里面说the electric light才是most important invention。
step by step 3000 第二册unit 5-9
Unit 5 Part I A.October 1969 first email message March 1972 addresses February 1976Head of state Fall 1976 Jimmy Carter September 1983 Higher education accounts December 1998B. as I see it opinion if I’m wrong as a matter of fact believe it or not Information own business standard for now be seein’ youTape script:One feature of the information superhighway is that the traffic travels fast, and techies use their own special shorthand to keep messages zooming along. Today we’ll help you decode tech talk by answering some not so frequently asked questions about abbreviations on the Internet.What does it mean when a message includes the letters AISI or IMHO? AISI stands for “as I see it” and IMHO is shorthand for “in my humble opinion.”Some modest folks will also add FWIW before sharing their opinion, which stands for “ for what it’s worth.” Others express their disapproval with the letters CMIIW. That is, “correct me if I’m wrong.”The list of commonly abbreviated phrases on the Net is nearly endless. As a matter of fact, AAMOF stands for “as a matter of fact,” and “believe it or not” gets posted as BION.Are there any pre-Information-Age abbreviations still making the rounds in this high-tech era? You bet. The old standbys FYI, MYOB and SOP which stands for “for your information,” “mind your own business,” and “standard operating procedure” are still frequently used today even in email.Since time is getting short, has the Net given us truly short and clear ways to say good-bye? Try TAFN (that’s all for now), and BCNU (be seein’ you).C1.Tim Berners-Lee2.in the 1980s3.in the 19904.on to the Internet5.10/100,006.e-commerce7.people with imagination and new ideasTape script:1.Tim Berners-Lee is the man who wrote the software program that led to the foundation of theWorld Wide Web. /Who?2.In the 1980s scientists were already communicating using a primitive version of email. /When?3.In 1990 Tim Berners-Lee wrote programs which form the basis of the World Wide Web. /When?4.In 1991 his programs were placed on to the Internet. / Where?5.Between 1991 and 1994 the number of web pages rose from 10 to 100,000. / How many?6.Right now the world is focused on e-commerce. / What?7.The invention of the web brings rapid rewards to people with imagination and new ideas. / Towhom?Part IIA A1: connected system connection stations people A2: Connection of railroads or other vehicles Connected system of radio stations System linking a number of computers togetherTape scriptFew things in this world change as fast as languages. Every day, new words are created to deal with new ideas or new technologies. New meanings also are added to existing words. A dictionary published years ago may show one or two meanings for a word; a dictionary published today may list several more meanings for the same word.Network is one such word. It combines two words. The first is “net,” it means materials that are connected; the s econd is “work”. One meaning of “work” is a system. Network means a connection of systems that work together. The systems that networks connect can be very different. For example, radio and television stations can be connected in the network, so can computers and even people.Word expert Milford Matthew found written uses of the word “network” in the late 1800s. The word then was used as a verb, a word that shows action. At that time network meant the connection of railroads or other vehicles used for travel. One publication said it is only a question of time when the railroads will network an area of the American west called the “Pan Handle”. Another publication of the time said complete areas are networked by trolley cars, which are a kind of electronic train.Now we often hear network used in connections with broadcasting. The Barnhart Dictionary of New English says that as early as 1914, people used it to mean a connected system of radio stations. This meaning continues to be popular. A more modern use of the word “network” is linked to computers. A network is a system that links a number of computers together. Networks make it possible for people who use computers to share information in costly equipment. Many companies and government agencies share the same computer network. The computers are linked through a main computer or through special lines. Some people are able to do their jobs from their home computers.Computer networks also permit an exchange of unofficial information and discussions between computer users. By linking their computers to telephones, people can buy goods through their computers. They can send messages to friends in many countries.Another modern use of the word “network” concerns relations between people. Ideas and information are exchanged by people who network to share interests and goals. Many Americans network to get better jobs or to meet new friends. Meeting new friends by networking is not work though is fun.B B1 b. getting assignments and research papersc. attending professors’ “virtual office hours”d. course lecturesEntertainment b. online gamesCommunications b. toll-free phone callse-commerce ordersB2 Tape scriptThe proposed merger of America Online and Time Warner anticipates an age when high-speed Internet access is everything. It will be a pipeline for almost all the entertainment, communications and information that people consume.It is an era so distant to most Americans that they can hardly envision it. And ye it already exists. In fact, it is the only world that today’s college students know. Colleges across the United States have spent hundreds of millions of dollars in recent years wiring dormitories for high-speed Internet access.When admissions people go out and talk to students these days, the students always ask, “Do you have a high-speed network?” Indeed, for today’s students, having high-speed Internet access is a top priority. They base their housing decisions on it, and restructure their meager student budgets to afford it.College administrators acknowledge that academic pursuits are just a fraction of the activity on their campus networks. The bulk of the traffic consists of data containing music files, instant messages, toll-free phone calls, e-commerce orders, online games and just about anything.At a high-rise dorm at the University of Southern California, walking down the hallway on the eighth floor almost any time of day, you’re likely to hear students in s eparate rooms shouting at each other- “You killed me!” –as they mow each other down in online games played over the network. Friends from opposite ends of the floor simultaneously make for the elevators. They’ve just messaged each other by computer that i t’s time to head off to the dining commons. To them, knocking on someone’s door is an antiquated 20th century tradition.Today’s students register for classes, get their homework assignments, research papers and attend professors’ “virtual office hours” online. Some universities even post course lectures on the Net, so that students can review them any time they wish.Just as one of the students put it: “We live our lives over the Internet.”Part IIIA.1. the desktop into our everyday life.2. experimenting anarchy.3. disappear.4. EconomiesTape script:A-Anchor P-Net Potter S-SpecialistA: We’re gonna take a closer look tonight again at the future of the Internet. Not that we have anything but the vaguest idea where it’s going in th e long run. One of the truly fascinating and somewhat unsettling aspects of the Internet revolution is how many technologists and scientists say that the future may hold any number of surprises. So we’re going to inch our way into the future.P: At the Internet World Trade Show in New York, they see a future when the web is everywhere. S1: Technology is moving from the desktop into our everyday life.P: Imagine work, society, economics, relationships, all transformed, when anyone, anytime can get any message or knowledge or amusement they want, anywhere on the planet without so much as a wire.S2: In many ways, the Internet is the world’s largest experimenting anarchy, because all of a sudden, the citizens of the world are in charge, and no single government or governing body is in charge of what they do.P: Keep in mind that the we, transmitting by satellites, cell phone, cable, goes through no one central location that anyone controls. So many of the boundaries that exist today, political and economic, will be strained as never before. Some scientists say three quarters of the world’s languages will disappear as the net connects isolated places. Already English is what you find on most web pages, blending cultures, no matter how much people try to save them. Economies are changing too. As distance becomes meaningless, white-collar clerical, accounting or administrative jobs are being exported to Asia, just as blue-collar factory jobs were years ago.S3: Imagine, there are 40 or 50 million Indians, not to mention the Chinese, who could deliver office work to the rich countries of the world for two dollars an hour.P: So this massive web of information is both an asset and a threat, changing cultures, economies, governments, in ways no one can imagine or control.B1 person to person/ real many more real1.relatives friends3.neighbors 1. careers4.colleagues 2. medical crises5.by phone… 4. choosing a school or collegeB2 more people keeping more to ourselvesTape script:There’s a professor at the University of Toronto in Canada who has come up with a term to describe the way a lot of us North Americans interact these days. And now a big research study confirms it.Barry Wellman’s term is “networked individualism”. It’s not the easiest concept to grasp. In fact, the words seem to contradict each other. How can we be individualistic and networked at the same time? You need other people for networks.Here’s wh at he means. Until the Internet and email came along, our social networks involved flesh-and blood relatives, friends, neighbors, and colleagues at work. Some of the interaction was by phone, but it was still voice to voice, person to person, in real time.But the latest study by the Pew Internet and American Life Project confirms that for a lot of people, electronic interaction through the computer has replaced a great deal of social interchange.A lot of folks Pew talked with say that’s good thing, bec ause of concerns that the Internet was turning us into hermits who shut out other people in flavor of a make-believe world on flickering computer screens.To the contrary, the Pew study discovered. The Internet has put us in touch with many more real pe ople than we’d have ever imagined. Helpful people, too. We’re turning to an ever-growing list of cyber friends for advice on careers, medical crises, child-rearing, and choosing a school or college. About 60 million Americans told Pew that the Internet plays an important or critical role in helping them deal with major life decisions.So we networked individuals are pretty tricky: We’re keeping more to ourselves, while at the same time reaching out to more people, all with just the click of a computer mouse!Part IVdaily communication broadcast programs in print listeningfailure digit losses ignoreread Intensive training regular commas sensitivity to numbersUnit 6PartⅠA 1-(d) 2-(a) 3-(g) 4-(b) 5-(f) 6-(e) 7-(c)Paris/ 1932/ Berlin Tokyo 1972Tape script●Women competed in Olympic events for the first time in Paris in 1900.●In 1924, the first winter games were held in Chamonix.●In 1932, the first Olympic village was built to accommodate athletes in Los Angeles.●In 1936 in Berlin TV cameras broadcast Olympic events for the first time.●The 1956 Olympics in Melbourne were the first Olympic games to be held in the southernhemisphere.●Tokyo hosted the first Asian Olympics in 1964.●In 1972 for the first time, over one billion TV viewers watched the Munich Olympic openingceremony.B baseball watch games on television or listen on the radio/ American footballplay the sport/ soccerTape script:What is the most popular sport in the United States? That may be an impossible question to answer. There are different meanings of the words “most popular.”●One way to measure the popularity of a sport is by the number of people who pay to watchit played by professional teams. Experts say the most popular American sport by that measure is baseball. Each professional baseball team plays 162 games every season.●Or the popularity of a sport can be measured by the number of people who watch games onthe television or listen on the radio. Then the answer might be American football.●And the popularity of a sport could be measured by the number of people who play thesport instead of just watch it. The answer, in this case, is the game people in the United States call soccer. It says more than 18 million people play soccer in the United States.C 1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (e) 5. (i) 6. (c) 7. (g) 8. (b) 9. (j) 10. (f)Tape script:Right, everybody. Stand up straight. Now bend forward and down to touch your toes – and up – and down – and up. Arms by your sides. Raise your right knees as high as you can. Hold your legs with both hands and pull your knee back against your body. Keep your backs straight. Now lower your leg and do the same with your left knee – up – pull towards you –and down. Move your feet further apart, bend your elbows, and raise your arms to shoulder level. Squeeze your fists tightly in front of your chest. Now push your elbows back –keep your head up! And relax…feet together, and p ut your hands on your hips. Now bend your knees and stretch yourarms out in front of you. Hold that position – now up. Stretch your arms to the sides at shoulder height, palms up. Rotate your arms in small circles –that’s right – and now the other way. Now stand with your hands clasped behind your neck and your legs apart. Bend over to the left, slowly, but as far as you can. And slowly up. And down to the right. And up. Ok –if we’re all warmed up now, let’s begin.PartⅡA Section 11. a. friendly/warm/affectionateb. drunk/aggressive/scream/shout/push/people around/smash glasses/monsters2. He finds it difficult to understand why normal, nice people behave so badly at footballmatches.Section 2 enjoy themselves/no aggression or violenceSection 3 rugby/tennis They sit there silently throughout.Tape script:Section 1M: I have neighbors who, who are very nice, friendly, warm, affectionate people, and I live near a football ground, Tottenham, and on Saturday I avoid them, because they come back from the match about 6 o’ clock, drunk, aggressive –they scream, they shout, and … after the world cup Fi-, after the world cup when England got knocked out, I was in my local pub and they came in and they started pushing people around and smashing glasses, and I was really frightened and I walked out, and I don’t understand, I really don’t understand what it is about a football match that can turn ordinary, friendly people into monsters.Section 2JE: But do you thin k that’s so of a lot of football fans? I mean, I’ve heard other people say they’ve gone to football matches and there’s been absolutely no trouble in the terraces at all. And people have been… sat there, you know, quite happy, opposing teams next to each o ther.J: Oh but it obviously does happen a lot. I mean, you see it on the news. What happens when British fans go to Europe? There’s always trouble, isn’t there?M: Well, but it is, it’s not …it’s …in brazil, for example, where I’ve also been to football m atches, people go to enjoy themselves, and there’s no aggression or violence, or… there’s nothing like that. It seems peculiarly to England and a few other countries that football provides people with the opportunity to show their most violent, aggressive natures.Section 3A: But perhaps it’s just a function of people getting together in crowds, large groups of people getting into enclosed spaces together.J: But large crowds go to other kinds of matches –go to rugby matches, go to Wimbledon to watch ten nis…M: Go to pop concerts…J: If they go to Wimbledon to watch tennis, they sit there silently throughout.A: Yes, but it’s interesting that one of the solutions that the police have, think might work is to have all-seater matches, for example, where ever ybody’s seated….B goodwill between the nations / football or cricket / on the battle field / international sporting contests / competitive / little meaning /pick up sides / the fun and exercise / some larger unit / aroused / school football match / the attitude of the spectators/ the nations / tests of national virtuePartⅢ A1. since 19882. in 20013. in 19484. in 19605. by 2004 1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (e)Tape script:The Olympics and the Paralympics are separate movements. But they have always been held in the same year. And since 1988, they have also been held in the same city. The International Olympic Committee and The International Paralympic Committee signed an agreement in 2001 to secure this connection.The Paralympic games grew out of a sports competition held in 1948 in England. A doctor named Ludwig Guttmann organized it from men who suffered spinal cord injuries in world war two. Four years later, it became an international event as competitors from the Netherlands took part.Then, in 1960, the first Paralympics were held in Rome. Four hundred athletes from 23 countries competed. By 2004, the Paralympic games in Athens had almost 4,000 athletes from 136 countries.B1. wheelchair tennis and baseball2. teach all kinds of sports to disabled peopletry a sort as if they were disabled for the Paralympics3. the ability to move his legs4. his body and mind again5. wireless earphones visual interpretersTape scriptThe Olympics and the Paralympics are separate movements. But they have always been held in the same year. And since 1988, they have also been held in the same city. The International Olympic Committee and The International Paralympic Committee signed an agreement in 2001 to secure this connection.The Paralympic games grew out of a sports competition held in 1948 in England. A doctor named Ludwig Guttmann organized it from men who suffered spinal cord injuries in world war two. Four years later, it became an international event as competitors from the Netherlands took part.Then, in 1960, the first Paralympics were held in Rome. Four hundred athletes from 23 countries competed. By 2004, the Paralympic games in Athens had almost 4,000 athletes from 136 countries.Athletes may have physical or mental limitations; they may be blind or in wheelchairs. Yet sometimes they perform better than athletes without disabilities.Wheelchair tennis is a popular sport. So is basketball. In fact, there are more than 100 professional teams playing wheelchair basketball.Special wheelchairs for athletes are lightweight and designed for quick moves. For people who want to go really fast in their chairs, there is a power wheelchair racing association.In the state of Utah there is a place called the national ability center. It teaches all kinds of sports to people with all kinds of physical and mental disabilities. It even gives friends and family members a chance to try a sport as if they were disabled.A reporter from the Washington post wanted to know what it would be like for a blind person to use a climbing wall. So, protected by a safety line, the newspaper reporter closed his eyes andstarted to feel for places to put his hands and feet. Trainers on the ground urged him on; “take your time. You can do it.” Finally he reached the top.At the national ability center people can learn to ride horses and mountain bikes. They can try winter mountain sports, and learn scuba diving and other water activities. The center also prepares athletes for the Paralympics.For disabled people interested in yoga, there are special stretching exercises. Matthew Sanford knows about these. He has been in a wheelchair ever since a car accident when he lost the ability to move his legs. He was thirteen years old at the time. That was almost thirty years ago. Matthew Sanford says he has had two lives: one before he was thirteen and the other after. Ha had to learn to live a new reality. For many years, he was told to build up the strength in his arms and forget about his legs.But he says yoga enabled him to reconnect with the thirteen-year-old boy who loved his body. He says the exercises and special breathing of yoga let him connect his body and mind again. Now Matthew Sanford teaches yoga at his studio in the state of Minnesota. He also travels to talk to people about living with a disability. He says feeling connected to our body is a powerful part of living-whether we have a disability or not.Today there are more and more choices of entertainment for people with disabilities.Theaters may offer wireless earphones to make the sound louder for people with limited hearing. Some provide a visual interpreter to describe a performance or a play fro a person who is blind or has limited sight.And some movie theaters offer a new device called Mopix, for Motion Picture Access. For a person unable to hear the movie, it shows the words the actors are saying. For a person unable to see the movie, it provides a spoken description of what is happening.Unit 7Part IA:1. 604,0682.957,2123. 2,426,5334. 1,719,7435. 907,3296. 419,3867. 366,645 8. 1,231,318 9. 1,683,85510. 444,509 11 3,273,116 12. 1,400,873 13. 679,190 14. 2,528,437 15. 2,058,342 16. 960,684杜威十进分类法100 philosophy 500 science200 religion 700 art and recreation300 social science 800 literature400 language720 architecture 750 painting730 sculpture 770 photography740 drawing and design 780 music790amusements791 public entertainment 793 indoor entertainment794 games of skills 796 outdoor sports and games797 water sports 799 fishing, hunting, shooting1.M arch 21, 1685 --- Jan. 28, 17502.F eb. 23, 1685 ---- Apr. 14, 17593.J an. 27, 1756 ---- Dec. 5, 17914.D ec. 17, 1770 ---March 26, 18275.舒伯特Jan 31, 1797 ----- Nov 19,18286.门德尔松Feb 3,1809 ---- Nov 4, 18477.肖邦March 1,1810 ----- Oct. 17,18498.李斯特Oct. 22, 1811 -----July 31,18869.O ct. 25, 1825 ------ June 3, 189910.May 7, 1840 ----- Dec. 6, 1893Unit 7Part IIA:1---(b) 2----(a) 3----(e) 4---(d) 5(c) B:Second half / 18th17781782About 500About 60 million dollars1756December5, 1791More than 600This year, the world marked the 250th anniversary of the birth of Austrian composer Wolfgan Amadeus Mozart. There have been celebrations of the composer’s work all year long.On December 5, music houses around the world observed the anniversary of the composer’s death.That music is from Mozart’s Requiem, a work the composer did not complete before his death. A Requiem is music written in honor of someone who had died. Manypeople consider the music and its subject matter to add to the mystery surrounding Mozart’s death. Could it be that the composer sensed his approaching death from fever and wrote Requiem in his own honor? There is no doubt, however, that the music of Mozart has more to do with life and happiness than with sadness or mystery.Mozart wrote and performed music in the second half of the 18th century. During this period, European musicians performed for kings, queens and other royalty. Musicians often depended on wealthy people called patrons to support them. Mozart, along with his friend Joseph Haydn, became the best example of the classical style. ---- the important performance music of his time. Today people often use the word “classical”to describe other kinds of music written for and performed by an orchestra.Some music critics consider Symphony Twenty-Five in G Minor to be first work showing Mozart’s full ability. He was 17 when he wrote it. See what you think of this young man’s skills.The word “effortless”is often used to describe the musical compositions of Mozart. Music came so naturally to the child born in Salzburg, Austria, in 1756.Woflgang was the last of seven children born to Leopold Mozart and Anna Maria Pertl. Five of the children died while babies. Only Wolfgang and his older sister, Maria Anna, survived. Both were extremely gifted musicians from a very young age. The children traveled with their parents and performed across Europe.Wolfgang’s father was a well-known violin teacher. The year Wolfgang was born, Leopold published a popular book n violinplaying. Soon Wolfgang started to show an unusual command of many instruments.By the age of eight, he played the piano --- sometimes with his eyes covered. He also played the organ and violin very well. He showed an understanding of music of a much older person.Travel enriched the education of the young Mozart. His father worked in many of the great cities of 18th century Europe. The family vistited London, Munich, Vienna, Prague and Paris.Mozart married Constanze Weber in the Austrian capital in 1782. he described his wife as having “plenty of common but only two survived. They were happy together, although their life was sometimes difficult. In Vienna, Mozart wrote his greatest opera--- musical plays performed with an orchestra. His works were performed in other cities as well. His Marriage of Figaro was so popular in Prague that he was askedto write an opera especially for a music house there.The opera he composed was Don Giovanni, considered by many to be his best. The opera is based on the story of the lover and fighter. Don Juan, by the Spanish writer Tirso de Molina. In this scene, the spirit is a man Don Giovanni had killed long ago returns to the world of the living to seize him and drag him down to hell. Events have been held all over Europe and in the United States to celebrate the 250th anniversary of Mozart’s birth. Salzburg alone held about 500 events to celebrate the famous composer. Vienna spent about 60 million dollars in public and private money for its Mozart celebration.In reality, there is an ongoing Mozart celebration all the time. Mozart’s music is performed around the world.Mozart died on December 5, 1791. he wasonly 35. he had composed more than 600 pieces of music. Some experts consider Mozart the greatest composer of all time.Near the end of his life. Mozart composed the Forty-First Symphony. After his death, it came to be known as Jupiter, possibly in praise f its style and expression. Critics consider it one of Mozart’s truly great works and a beautiful expression of the classical style that he helped to define. Listen, and consider that what you have heard on our program represents just a few of Mozart’s best works.Part IIIThe crowd cheered and cheered. The manwith the horn waved and smiled his great, happy smile. “More! More!”cried the crowd. And Louis Satchmo Armstrong took his horn and began to play again. Here he was in England. Now a famous man, he was rich. He knew many important people. Wherever he went, people knew his name. They wanted to hear his music. As Louis played the sad, slow songs, he thought of his home in New Orleans. He lived there as a boy. How many years ago is was? It was a busy, exciting city. But Louis’s family was very poor. He went to work to help his mother. He also wen to school. One of Loiuse’s teachers asked him to be in the school band. “this horn is yours until you leave our school,”his teacher said. Louis’s music was jazz and he loved it. He remembered all the music he heard. He didn’t learn to read music until he was a man. When he left school, he played in many bands. He loved his work and people。
Step-By-Step-3000-第二册--Unit5-标准答案
Unit 5 Creative MindsPart I-AGasoline automobile, German, engineer, 1885Barometer, Italian, physicist & mathematician, 1643Polaroid camera, America, inventor & industrialist, 1947Pendulum clock, Dutch, mathematician & physicistDiesel engine, German, engineer, 1892Dynamite, Swedish, chemist, 1866Kaleidoscope, British, physicist & natural philosopher, 1817Piano, Italian, harpsichord maker, 1709Sewing machine, American, inventor, 1846Typewriter, American, inventor, 1867Tapescript:1.The gasoline automobile was invented by Gottlieb Daimler, the German engineer, in 1885 His construction of the first high-speed internal-combustion engine led to the development of the automobile industry.2.The barometer, the instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure, was invented by Evangelista Torricelli, the Italian physicist and mathematician, in 1643.3.The polarod camera, which takes and prints photos in one step, was invented in 1947 by the American inventor and industrialist Edwin Herbert Land.4.The pendulum clock was invented by the Dutch mathematician and physicist Christiaan Huygens in 1657.5.The diesel engine, which is heavier and more powerful than the gasoline engine and which burns fuel of oil instead of gasoline, was named after its inventor Rudolph Diesel, the German engineer in 1892.6.Dynamite, the improved explosives with great safety, was invented in 1866 by the Swedish chemist Alfred Bernhard Nobel. He established a fund to provide annual awards called Nobel Prizes, in the sciences, literature, and the promotion of international peace.7.He kaleidoscope was invented in 1817 by Sir David Brewster, the Scottish physicist and natural philosoper.8.The piano, a key-board musical instrument, was invented in 1709 by the Italian harpsichord maker, Bartolomeo Cristofori.9.The sewing machine, which greatly revolutionized clothes-making, was invented by Elias Howe, an American inventor in 1846.10.The typewriter, its first practical commercial model, was invented in 1867 by the American inventor Christopher Sholes and was manufactured by the American gunsmith Philo Reminton 1874.Part I – B1- a 2- d 3- e 4- i 5- f6-j 7-g 8-bTape script1.People in England made the first computer. It was built in 1943. It was made to help England understand secret messages during World War II.2.Someone in Australia invented the fax machine. After the fax machine was invented, it first became popular in East Asia.3.Folding fans came from Japan. They were invented in Japan almost 800 years ago.4.The first car came from Germany. It was invented by Karl Benz in 1885. Benz is still famous. His name is on the Mercedes-Benz car.5.A man in Canada invented the chocolate bar. He lived in Nova Scotia- in the eastern part of Canada. He invented the chocolate bar in 1800s.6.The first really accurate calendar was invented in Mexico. This calendar was made about 1,500 years ago. That's when people learned that the year was 365 days long.7.The first mechanical clock was invented in China. It was invented in the year 725-over1,250 years ago.8.People think Africans created the first puppets. Actually, no one is sure, but puppets were probably created to help tell stories.Part I – Cpaper clips -1901post-its -1980celluar phone -1973automatic washing machines -1930sdisposable diapers -1961zippers -1913Band-Aids -1921soft contact lenses -1961Tape script1.The design of paper clips is perfect. There's been little improvement since Norwegian Johan Vaaler got his American patent in 1901. Only about 20% are actually used to clip papers.2.Post-it is one of the top five best-selling office suppliers. To make Post-its, introduced in 1980, 3M had to develop the adhesive, primer, back-side coating and new manufacturing equipment.3.The first cellular phone was developed in 1973 by Martin Cooper at Motorola, anda test of 1,000 such phones followed in Chicago. The Federal Communication Commission authorized cellular service in 1982, and we haven't shut up since. More than a third of all households in the U.S subscribe.4.Among those credited with making electric washing machines was Alva J. Fisher. The machines used wringers to remove water from clothes. Truly automatic machines appeared in the 1930s. An early ad for a GE washer read, "If every father did the family washing next Monday, there would be an electric washing machine in every home by Saturday night. "5.Oh, baby, what a convenience1 Procter & Bamble's Pampers, born in 1961, werefirst used only for special occasions. Now the 95% of American parents who buy disposable diapers will spend up to $2,100 a child to avoid washing diapers.6.Zippers were invented in 1913 by Swedish immigrant Gideon Sundback at Universal Fastener Co. in Pennsylvania. B.F. Goodrich first used the word to refer to a fastener on a pair of its galoshes; it as not used in clothes until 1930s. By 1941 zippers beat the pants off buttons in the Battle of the Fly.7.Johnson&Johnson sold $3,000 worth of handmade Band-Aids in 1921, the year it introduced them. A company cotton buyer, Earle Dickson, had created them at home for his accident-prone wife. He then convinced his boss that the strips had merit.8.Otto Wichterle, a Czech scientist, created the first soft contact lens in 1961. Bausch & Lomb bought the right s to his process for a reported $3 million in 1966. Part II - A1395, type, movable typePoland, astronomy, the sun, its center once1564, telescope, circlingEngland, moves1642, calculus, light and color, gravitation.Part II- B1.Printing / faster / easier2.Earth / center of universe/ no move3.Cut open dead animals and humans4.Blood to body/ arteries; blood to heart / veins5.The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy / in 1687Tape ScriptToday, we tell about the discoveries of ten important scientists of the past 1,000 years.The earliest of these important scientists was Johannes Gutenberg. He lived in Germany from about 1395 until about 1468. Johannes Gutenberg invented the type mould and the first successful system of movable type used in Europe. This made printing books faster and easier. Johannes and others used his invention to produce books in the City of Mainz during the 1400s. The system he invented remained unchanged for 350 years.Nicolaus Copernicus was another important scientist. He is considered the founder of the modern science of astronomy, the study of the planets and stars in the universe. Nicoluas Copernicus was born in Poland in 1473. At that time, most scientists accepted the idea that the earth was at the center of the universe and did not move. The Greek astronomer Ptolemy had developed this idea more than 1,000 years earlier. Ptolemy also said that all the other objects in space moved around the earth. Copernicus believed that every planet, including the earth, moved around the sun. Healso believed these theories in 1543. These theories were not accepted in his lifetime. But by the early 1600s, other scientists began to develop the method that would prove Copernicus correct.One of these scientists was Galileo Galilei. He was born in Italy in 1564. Galileo was the first to use the telescope to discover new information about the planet and stars. He decided that the theory hat all planets circled the sun was correct. The Roman Catholic Church condemned Galileo for saying Copernicus was right. For centuries, the Church had taught that the sun, the planets and the stars moved around the earth. Three hundred and fifty passed before the Roman Catholic Church admitted officially that it was wrong and withdrew its condemnation of Galileo.Our fourth scientist of the millennium is William Harvey. He was born in England in 1578. He discovered how blood moves in animals and people. Dr Harvey described this in 1628 in the book An Anatomical Study of the Motion of the Heart and of the Blood in Animals, This work was the start of all modern research on the hart and blood vessels. Dr Harvey based his discoveries on observations and by cutting open dead animals and humans. Dr Harvey's experiments showed that the heart forces blood through the arteries to the body. He showed that the blood returns to the heart through the veins. His idea conflicted with the widely accepted ideas of the time. It has been called one of the most important medical discoveries of the millennium. Isaac Newton was another influential scientists of the past 1,000 year. Many experts say he was the most important scientist of them all. He was born in England in 1642. Isaas Newton invented a new kind of mathematics called calculus. He discovered the secrets of light and color and his theory of gravitation showed how the universe is held together. Isaac Newton published his discoveries on the laws of motion and the theory of gravitation in 1687 in his book The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. It was the first book to describe a unified system of scientific rules explaining what happens on earth and in the universe. It is considered one of the greatest works in the history of science.Part III - A1809, evolutionFrance, a. Pasteurization, b. Germ, c.vaccination, disease1847, a.motion, b. recording, c. electric light, d. Telephone, e. Machine, electricity, f.motorsAustria, a. Dreams, unconscious self, b. Modern psychiatry. C.sexual development 1879, relativity, E=mc2Part III - BT. 1. Charles Darwin thought that all living things developed from simple organisms.F. 2. Darwins's ideas were strongly opposed by many religious people in the past. Butnow people are all in favor of them.T. 3. Louis Pasteur believed that it is tiny organisms that spread more diseasesT. 4. Thomas Edison considered the motion pictures his most important invention. T. 5. Albert Einstein's most famous theory is about time, space, mass, movement and gravity.T. 6. Albert Einstein's most famous theory led to the discovery of atomic energy.Tape scriptCharles Darwin was another important scientist of the past 1,000 years. He was born in England in 1809. In 1859, he published a book called On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. He explained his ideas that all living things developed from simple organisms. He said these organisms changed during millions of years to produce different kinds of plants and animals, including humans. This is known as the theory of evolution. Charles Darwin's studies showed that some animals and plants have natural abilities that help them survive. They pass these abilities to their young when they reproduce. Other plants and animals that are less able to survive and reproduce may disappear. Charles Darwin's theories provided new ideas about the developments of living things. However, they shocked many religious people. Many people today still strongly oppose the theory of evolution because it conflicts with their religious beliefs.Our next important scientist of the past 1,000 years is Louis Pasteur. His discoveries saved many lives. Louis Pasteur was born in 1822 in France. He became a professor of chemistry. He discovered that heat could kill harmful microorganism. Soon this Pasteurization method was used to keep many foods and drinks safe. He also helped us establish the germ theory when he recognized that most diseases are spread by tiny organisms that reproduce in the body. Louis Pasteur also proved that an animal can develop a resistance to a harmful organism if the organism is weekend in a laboratory and injected into the animal's body. He called this method of preventing disease vaccination. He developed vaccines to prevent deadly diseases in animals and people.The inventor Thomas Edison was another influential scientist. He was born in the United States in 1847. His work made possible the progress of technology in the 20th century. Almost everyone has been affected by the inventions of Thomas Edison. These include the motion pictures, sound recording, and electric light. They are only three of the many devices Thomas Edison invented or helped to improve. H e also invented devices to improve the telephone. He improved machines that produced electricity. And he worked on many electric motors, including those for trains. Thomas Edison once said the electric light was the most difficult to develop. He also called it his most important invention.Our next scientist of the millennium is the Austrian doctor Sigmund Freud. He changed scientific ideas about the mind. Dr Freud was born in 1856 in Moravia. He established the idea that dreams help us understand our unconscious self. He said thisis the part of the mind containing wishes, desires, or bad experiences too frightening to recognize. Sigmund Freud's work on the causes and treatment of mental sickness helped to form the ideas of modern psychiatry. His ideas about sexual development led to the discussion and treatment of sexual problems. Many of Sigmund Freud's ideas are no longer used today, but no one disputes his great influence on the science of mental health.Our final scientist of the past 1,000 years is Albert Einstein. He changed the way we understand the universe. The great scientist was born in Germany in 1879. In 1905, Albert Einstein published one of the most important scientific documents in history. It explained his special theory of relativity. This theory is about the ideas we use to describe natural events. It is about time, space, mass, movement and gravity. Albert Einstein is perhaps best known for his mathematical statement E=MC2 or energy equals mass times the speed of light squared. This statement explained that a great amount of energy could come from a small piece of matter. It explained how the sun could give off heat and light for millions of years. It also led to the discovery of atomic energy. Albert Einstein's theories, like those of the other great scientists of the millennium changed our world.Part IVControl, sort, on the page, working out, a whole section, fail,in a position, repeat,V ocabulary, stop, its context, barrier, miss, lost,Determination, go, rephrase, a half-missed point, the gap, purpose, key words, main points,ahead of, incompleteness。
Stepbystep3000第二册U1-U6与原文
Unit 1Part I - A87, 80, 53, 48, 24, 17Script:The Porter FamilyMr William Porter is very old. He is 87. And Mrs Catherine Porter is 80. Mr Porter is from Wales. John Porter and Mary are brother and sister. John Porter is 53 and he is a lawyer. His wife Susan is 48, and she is an architect. James Porter and Joan Lee are cousins. James Porter is 24 and Joan Lee is 17.Part I - B1.spending special time together.2.specific, complain, request, praise.3.fatigue, insecurities, foxhole, striking out , protect.4.distant5.all marriages, Work together o understand6.Respect, danger, professional, physical, verbal7.Understand, winPart I - C40, excel, domestic argument, losingwin-win, lose-lose, win, a gift, returnsargue over, aren't, who, in control, fear, didn't need, ought not to , couldn't, tried to, destroy, marriagelove, loved, secure, discover, garden, cultivate, the most precious, own self, bloom.obtain, our partner, loved and respected, control.Part II- AA21.similar social backgrounds.2.the same race or same ethnic background.3.the same religion.A3Japan / 9.2% / arranged marriages3% / between blacks and whitesMany people in Western cultures choose their own wives and husbands. In many other countries, spouse are often chosen by the parents. In Chinaand Japan before this century (20th century), upper-class marriages were arranged by the older males. In many cultures in the Middle East, Asia, and pre-industrial Europe, the man's family negotiated a "bride price" with the woman's family; the man's family was expected to pay it. In Hindu India, the bride's family paid a "groom's price" to the family of the man. These customs are weakening;for intance, only 9.2 percent of Japanese marriages are now arranged.What are the criteria for choosing mates? Most marriages-whether arranged by families or occurring from personal attraction or love--are based on similar social backgrounds. In other words, the man and the woman come from the same social class (or else a class that is only slightly higher or slight lower). Among many people in Egypt, key members of the man's family must go to the family of the woman and propose marriage. These family members must be able to show that the man's family is at least of the same social class as the woman and that a certain amount of money exists to allow the marriage to go forward.Having the same race or the same ethnic background is the second main criterion for marriage throughout the world. In the U.S,. Where there are many different races, only 3 percent of all marriages are between blacks and whites, meaning that the races are still largely separate in marriage.In many countries, marriage is also based on the woman and man having the same religion; this is a third common criterion for choosing a mate. In culture in which religion is very strong value, marriages would often not take place if there were religious differences.Part II - B1.physical appearance;2.what somebody looks like, ....., look beyond the physical appearance3.the high percentage of divorces.4.falling love with somebody,..... ,loving somebodyScript:What do you think it is that attracts people to each other, that makes people want to be together?I think that perhaps unfortunately in the initial stages it's the physical appearance that attracts. I think unless you find somebody attractive, unless there's something about them-it could only perhaps be the way they smile or they laugh, or a twinkle in their eye, or the way of a curl falls over their forehead. But something like that has to make you interested enough to find out more about that person, unless that's there I think you just don't bother. So initially physical attraction I think is all important.Why do you say "unfortunately"?Because in fact it shouldn't be what somebody looks like that is important. You should be able to look beyond he physical appearance and see what sort of a person he or she is, whether they are selfish or selfless, whether they are kind, caring. But I think initially you are not bothered with that. That come perhaps later.In pop songs and magazines and newspapers and son on, the idea of falling love in s always emphasized, so people have this idea that you have to fall in love. Do you think this is misleading for people? Do you think people expect something that in fact doesn't exist?Yes, I do. In fact I think we can probably lay the blame for the high percentage of divorce--it's a third I think now, isn't it? I think one in three people get divorced. Probably as far as I can see it, the reason is that they go into marriage or into a relationship with a very romantic view of love which I think has been created by the pop songs, by all the love stores, by the Barbara Cartland novels, etc. , that young people read. Really, you meet someone, you fall in love, and that's it., it's the beginning, they live happily even after. And I think that's the problem, because people just expect that, and it's not like that.So what is it, do you think, that really sustains a relationship, that keeps a relationship going?Well, I think you have to differentiate between falling in love with somebody, which I see as more superficial, and loving somebody, which I see as a deeper emotion and one that perhaps lasts. Falling in love is superficial attraction, being attracted to somebody physically, having fun together, whereas loving somebody I think is an emotion that grows, it comes with shared experiences, perhaps enjoying doing the same things together, shared hobbies, shared interests, suffering together as well, going through the bad times, helping each other, supporting each other.I think all that needs time to grow, and I'd call that love, and I think that's what makes a relationship last.Part II - Cone of the biggest decisions they will make in life,as the "just-right" wife for him,definition of what the "just-right"wife is,the millionaire man and the poor man ,her physical qualities,different words,by her physical qualities,in two different atmospheres,also have their definition of the "just-right" wife,the German man's definition is different from the Spanish man's. Script:Part IIIA baseball diamond frizzly hair / glasses/ funny/ monologueA wine bar pizzaA fancy-dress party the man dressed as Cheshire CatOutside a cinema coincidence/ he'd also missed the filmA boat/ the river bank fell in river/ he dived in and rescued herScript:Kate: I was on my way home from junior high and in order to get to my house you have to walk by this baseball diamond. And there was a game of baseball going on and it looked kind of interesting, so I stopped. There weren't very many people watching. And there was this guy and he wasn't really very good-looking, but he had frizzly hair and glasses and he was really funny. He did this kind of monologue thing, which war great. And I went home and I told my mother I was going to marry him after talking to him for half an hour. And when I got to high school, he was president of the student body and he asked me out and...we've got our picture in the yearbook together holding hands, and it's really nice.Ke: Well, I'd arranged to have a drink with a friend of mine, a woman friend of mine who's a platonic friend of mine. And she insisted on bringing this friend of hers who she said I'd like to meet and I thought she was trying to fix us up and I said, "Please don't!" But she did bring this friend and we hit it off. And after the wine bar we went to have a pizza and we all had a few more drinks and the other woman who ended up ordering a pizza that had a bunch of stuff on it that she really liked, so we picked at each other's pizzas all night and we realized that we were sort of had an ideal relationship, so that we could order really any pizza on the menu and we'd both be happy. And anyway we ended up living together and still are.Coralyn: We met at a party and it was fancy-dress party. A friend of mine's twenty-first and it was quite big and I went dressed as Alice in Wonderland and this person, this guy that I married was dressed as the Cheshire Cat. And it just seemed so amazing that, you know, we were both from the same thing and we started chatting and ended up being together.Jill: I'd arranged to go to the cinema with a group of friends and unfortunately I missed the train that would have got me to standingoutside--the film had started. So I wasn't allowed in. And there was a chap outside, he'd also missed the film and we started to talk and we talked quite a bit and he said,"Let's go down the road and see that film, because that one hasn't started at the Odeon." So we went down there and we've been going out ever since!Carole: I first met my partner when he was on a boat and I was on the river bank, standing and looking generally into the distance and he was coming in to land with his boat and he threw me a rope and said,"Would you mind catching this?" and I caught it and missed and tripped over it and fellin the river and he had to dive in and rescue me. And that was it!Part IVBook, choked, disappointment, take you to dinner, tolerant smile, went by, rose, big restaurant, test, understand and admireScript:John Blanchard stood up from the bench, straightened his army uniform, and studied the crowd of people making their way through Grand Central Station. He looked for the girl whose heart he knew, but whose face he didn't, the girl with the rose. His interest in her had begun thirteen months before in Florida library. Taking a book off the shelf he found himself intrigued, not with the words of the book, but with the notes penciled in the margin. The soft handwriting reflected a thoughtful soul and insightful mind. In the front of the book, he discovered the previous owner's name, Miss Hollis Maynell.With time and effort he located her address. She lived in New York City. He wrote her a letter introducing himself and inviting her to correspond. The next day he was shipped overseas for service in World War through the mail. Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was budding. Blanchard requested a photograph, but she refused. She felt thatif he really cared, it wouldn't matter what she looked like. When the day finally come for him to return from Europe, they scheduled their first meeting --7:00p.m. At the Grand Hotel Station in New York. "You will recognize me,"she wrote, "by the red rose I'll be wearing on my lapel." So at 7:00 he was in the station looking for a girl whose heart he loved, but whose face he'd never seen. I'll let Mr Blanchard tell you what happened.A young woman was coming toward me, her figure long and slim. Her blonde hair lay back in curls from her delicate ears. Her eyes were as blue flowers. Her lips and chin had a gentle firmness, and in her pale green suit she was like spring time coming alive. I started toward her, entirelyforgetting to notice that she was not wearing a rose. As I moved, a small, provocative smile curved her lips. " Going my way, sailor?" she murmured. Almost uncontrollably I made one step closer to her, and then I saw Holllis Maynell. She was standing almost directly behind the girl. A woman well past 40, she had graying hair tucked under a worn hat. She was more than plump, her thick-ankled feet thrust into low-heeled shoes. The girl in the green suit was waking quickly away.I felt as thought I was split into two, so keen was my desire to follow her, and yet so deep was my longing for the woman whose spirit had truly companioned me and upheld my own. And there she stood. Her pale plump face was gentle and sensible, her gray eyes had a warm and kindly twinkle. I did not hesitate. My fingers gripped the small worn blue leather copy of the book that was to identify me to her. This would not be love, but it would be something precious, something perhaps even better than love.......I squared my shoulders and saluted and held out the book to the woman, even though while I spoke I felt chocked by the bitterness of my disappointment: “I’m Lieutenant John Blanchard. I’m so glad you could meet me; may I take you Take you to dinner?” The woman’s face broadened into a tolerate smile.. “I don’t know what this is about ,son ,” she answered, ‘but the young lady in the green suit who just went by ,she begged me to wear this rose on my coat. And she said if you were to ask me to dinner, I should tell you that she is waiting for you in the big restaurant across the street. She said this is kind of test!Unit 2 Shaping and reshaping personalityPart I-A1- h, 2-d, 3-j, 4-k, 5-b, 6-i,7-g, 8-e, 9-l, 10-f, 11-c, 12-aTape script:1.Taurus April 21- May12, is represented by a bull.2.Virgo is represented by a young woman.3.Capricorn......... by a goat.4.Pisces................by two fish.5.Aquarius............by the water-bearer.6.Leo.....................by a lion7.Cancer ...............by a crab8.Aries....................by a ram9.Gemini.................by twins10.Sagitarus............by a centaur shooing an arrow11.Scorpio................by a scorption12.Libra...................by a pair of measuring scales.Part I - BVery, not very, extremely, sort of, veryTape script:W: Hey, Kevin. Help me fill out this personality survey. It'll be fun. M:Oh, I don't know...W: Oh, come on... Ok, here's the first one--what should I put for "aggressive"?M:Oh, I....I'd say "very".W: Very? Really?M: Yeah, sure. Look at the way you drive!W: Well, Ok, so I'm a very aggressive driver... But.. You have to drive like that in this city, or you're gonna be hit, because....M:Uh,... What's the next one?W: "Selfish".M:Oh, not at all.W: Really? Well... Maybe just a little... I mean, a lot of people are,right? Just a little bit? You know, I mean, I try to think of other people, but sometimes I do just think of myself, I guess.M: Ok,Ok, so put "not very."W: OK.M: But you can put "extremely " for the next one.W: What? Oh, "kind"?M: Yes. Don't you think you are an extremely kind person?W: I am? Ok, if you say so. Oh, look t this next one.W: Yeah.M: Hmm... I don't know. Sometimes you can be really patient, but other times you are not patient at all. Like remember that time in line at the supermarket when you got...W: Ok, ok, I get your point. I'll put "sort of"/.M: Ok, that's right.W: Next one..."jealous"... I guess I am sort of jealous...M: Sort of? I'd put "very". Remember how angry you got when my ex-girlfriend called the other day? I remember you are gonna raise the roof...W: All right, all right, " Very".Part I- CAmbitious and proudHelpful and honestSelfish and unreliableTape script:GeorgeW: So what are you going to do after you graduates, George?G: I' m going to start my own business.W: Oh, really? What type of business?G: Well, I haven't decided yet, but I know I'll be successful in anything I do. In fact, I am going to be one of the top business people in town in less than five years. Just wait and see! I have everything it takes --I am smart, I can organize people. And I am full of ideas that can make money.KarenK: Hey! Look at this wallet on the sidewalk. Wow! There's lot of money in it... But no identification. Mmm...I wonder how I can find the owner?I guess I will take it to the police station and see if anyone has reporteda lost wallet.PamM: What are you doing tonight, Pam?P: Well, I was supposed to meet Bill after work for a movie, but I don't feel like going. I think I will go shopping instead.M: Won't Bill get mad?P: Oh, I am sure he can find something else to do.M:Oh?P: Besides, I really need some new clothes. I haven't bought any for nearly a month!M:Huh!Part IIYoung boys1. Measure the boys' abilities and how they felt about their own abilities;2.Three groups--those with high self-esteem/middle self-esteem/low self-esteem3. In all situation--at home/ at work/ in school/ with friends1. Active/able to express ideas/successful in school and in relations with other people/creative/led in discussions/interested in world problems/seldom tired or sick2. Like the boys with high self-esteem/express ideas freely/saw the world as a good and happy place/ not sure of their own value3. Sad most time/ afraid to start activities/ felt no love/ couldn't express ideas/ afraid of anger/no talk in discussiona. closenessb. good behavior b.almost anythingc.definite, strict, kind and thoughtful c. no definited. rewards d. harsh punishmente. democratic, respectedf. importance, taken away f. didn't love themTape script:Scientists have learned a great deal about the parts of brain and their functions. They have also studied the development of the personality, for example, how a baby learns to love. In recent studies at two universities in the United States, scientists have investigated the development of self-esteem.Self-esteem is the respect a person has for himself, his belief in his ability and in the value of what he does. The scientists studied self-esteem in young boys. They gave them many tests. These test measured the boys' abilities and also how they felt about their own abilities. After the tests, the boys were divided into three groups--those with high-esteem, those with middle-esteem and those with love self-esteem. The scientist continued to study the boys in all situations. They studied them at home, at work, in school, and with their friends.From their studies, the scientists made some observations. Boys with high self-esteem were active. They were able to express their ideas. They were successful in school and in their relations with other people. In discussions, they led. They didn't just listen. They were interested in world problems. They were creative and believed that they could finish whatever they started. They seldom became tired or sick. In many ways, the boys with middle self-esteem were like the boys with high self-esteem. They too expressed their ideas freely and saw the world as a good and happy place. However, they were not sure of their own value as people. They did their best work when they were sure that other people liked them. The boys with low self-esteem were different from the other two groups. They were sad most of them time. They were afraid to start activities. They felt that no one loved them. They could not express their ideas. They were afraid of anger. In a discussion, they listened, but they didn't talk.The scientists asked, "How do some boys develop high self-esteem?" :"What is different in their lives?" Some of the answers were surprising. High self-esteem did not depend upon physical appearance, or money, or size of family. It did not depend upon how much the mother was at home. The scientists found that there was a closeness between the boys with high self-esteem and their parents. Their parents showed real interest in them, and spend time with time . They listened to their sons and gave them help when the boys asked for it. They knew their sons' friends. The son knew that they were important to their parents. These parents demanded good behavior. They mad definite rules. They were strict, but not harsh. They corrected their sons' behavior by rewards, not by punishment. They never took away their love. On the other hand, the parents of boys with low self-esteem let their sons do almost anything. If a boy made a mistake, the parents punished him harshly. They boys believed that their parents didn't love them. There were no definite rules. The family life of the boys with high self-esteem was democratic. The parents made rules, but they led in a kind and thoughtful way. They showed respect for their children's ideas, even when they did not agree with them. They let the boys give their opinions in discussions of family plans. These boys were productive citizens. Now these scientists are studying other groups of children. They want to learn how to help children with low self-esteem feel better about themselves. In this way, these children can become productive citizens too.Part III- ASad, temporary, long, suffer from mental,Anyone, ten , developing,80 percent, drugs, effective, carefullyWithout, activity, minor, walking, 30, four, improve, physical, traditional, hour, talking, doctors, Discussion, ways, problems Education, understand.Part III - B1Joyous, warm, lovingManifest anger vent anger on somebodyDump angerTape scriptSpeaker 1I actually very rarely get anger. I've quite a long tether when it comes to anger, which doesn't mean, I really don't believe I'm suppressing any anger at all, but it manifest itself in a very sarcastic way with me. Like if for example, if I'm buying a railway ticket or something and the guy behind the counter is very surly and you now refuses to treat me like a human being, I won't get angry with him but I'll get very sarcastic with him and try to make very very clever remarks. And that for me severs its purpose. I do feel cleansed after a situation like that. Of course I do sometimes, if it's absolutely necessary I do get very angry, if I'm taken that far. But I certainly don't suppress any anger.Speaker 2Well, my anger is tied up with my sleepless nights. I mean, if I don not sleep well, I wake up in the morning, I am angry. I use any excuse to vent my anger on anybody. If I sleep well, then everything is fine. I'm a joyous, warm, loving person. Sleepless nights, I'm full of anger and my anger does not ebb away unless I use a thing or somebody to vent it upon. As weak as that may sound, that's how I work. And it's terrible sort of admission to make to everybody here. If I'm looking for excuses for having woken up in a particularly bad way, in a way, anger is something that I have to get out. I do not carry it around by weeping, and like crying. I believe in dumping it.Part III - B1Punch bags with pictures of their bossLaughing at it.Tape script:A: Apparently, I don't know if this is true, but in Japan, if factory workers get a bit uptight or angry, they can go out into the gym or something which is usually attached to the factory and there are punchbags with pictures of their boss. And they can go and they can spend twenty minutes punching hell out of this punch bag. And they goback to work and they feel great.B: Oh,God yes, well, that brings us on to laughing then. That made me laugh.C:Well that's one way of dealing with anger as well, I suppose, if you can actually remove yourself from the situation and just laugh at it. I think laughter is one of the most wonderful releases, and I think that it's actually been proved that you know that chemical that is released when you laugh is life-enhancing and life elongating too, you know. It promotes a healthy, a healthier being.Part IVClassifying and organizing ideasAbility, the facts or ideas, are related to one anotherRoman, Arabic, letters, standard form, decreasing importance, capital letters, small letters,To the left, to the right, equal, the same distance, easy to see, the ideas before and after it.No punctuationOutlining, practice.Unit 3 All can succeedPart I-A1. in your imagination,/think into the future, possibilities, a positive way, the starting point2. expect to win/fulfill the vision3. opportunity/recognize, grab, a risk takerPart I - B1. organizational skills2. results oriented3. open-minded4. in the decision process5. parental and citizen6. innovation and excellence7. the develpment8. Cooperation9. students needs10. ideas and plans11. high quality performance 12. directly and clearly13. continuous professional development14. their background or position15. a consensus builder16. leardship skills17. your bond, trustworthy18. the position19. personal integrity20. work well with othersPart I- CEscaped poverty, master's degree, worst slums, overwhelming odds, English universityProspectus leaflet, discarded, set his heart, violent, crime-ridden, 13, principal breadwinner, drugs, beaten, attacked, came close, overdose, gaining a place, a visa, had doubts, genuine student, be rewardedPart II - AA1mum, bringing up 3 childrenphysical disabilities, physical difficulty of arthritis, hold her back a headmistressan actor energy, self-publicistA2F T F FTape script:Speaker 1I think my mum's very successful because she's managed to bring up three children - excellently - in such a horrible society that we live in today. She's taught us to be kind and loving, she taught us to share, she taught us to love our family - be very family-oriented- and I think that's really important.Speaker 2The person that I can think of within my life, well, I probably can think of several but the one that instantly came to mind when you popped this question to me was somebody who lives in Harpenden and who has overcome physical difficulty of arthritis remarkably well, and not allowed it to hold her back any more than is obviously necessary because of her physical disabilities. So I think she's made a very good - a great success of overcoming a difficulty.Speaker 3I think, Mable Davies, here who's very successful. She's a deaf lady who's now the headmistress and I think that must have been hard, so I've got a lot of respect for her, because my parents are also deaf so I know how difficult it is to work your way up having a handicap, so I've got quite a lot admiration to her.Speaker 4I think in professional terms Kenneth Branagh, the actor, has been very successful and I think the reason for this more than anything else is that he's a very good self-publicist. He is undoubtedly a very good actor. I've not seen him on stage, I've seen him on film and he's got an enormous amount of energy and as I say, he's a very good self-publicist.A2Statements:13.According to the first speaker, the most important thing that mum taught her children is to love the family.14.When the second speaker was interviewed, the successful person that immediately came to her mind was the one with arthritis.15.The third speaker has a lot of respect for Mable Davies because she herself isa deaf.16.The fourth speaker thinks that the actor has got an enormous amount of energy as he saw him on stage and on film.Part II- B1subordinate positions, serious responsibility, threshold, broom, sweeping out, salutary branch, future partner, try his hand, sweepersobtain employment, aim high, rest content, thoughts, concerns, at the topprime condition, energy, thought, captital, on that line, the mostscattered their captial, brains, all wrong, watch that basket, take notice, fail, breaks, on his head, apt to tumble, lack of concentrationPart II- B2原文To summarize what I have said: aim for the highest; never enter a bar room; do not touch liquor, or if at all only at meals; never speculate; never indorse beyond your surplus cash fund; make the firm’s interest yours; break orders always to save owners; concentrate; put all your eggs in one basket, and watch that basket; expenditure always within revenue; lastly, be not impatient, for as Emerson says, “no one can cheat you out of ultimate success but yourselves.”Part III- A原文Adrienne, The United State sWhat are my best qualities? This is a difficult question for someone to answerI think, but I'll give it a shot. I think my best qualities are probably that I havea good sense of humor. I genuinely like people and I like talking to people and I like to be entertaining if i can possibly be.Conrad, The United StatesWhat is my best quality? I'd say my best quality is my friendliness. I always try to be positive and polite and friendly to people who I meet, especially the first time and I try to continue that but regardless of who they are I try to give them, you know, treat them friendly. I enjoy being friendly, so it's not really work to me. It's just part of my personality.Lisa, CanadaWhat are my best qualities? My best qualities are the fact that I am a good friend. I'm considerate and caring. I'm a good listener. I can always... I'm always there to hear if my friends having a bad day or just really needs to talk, and I think I'm just really nice, even though I'm not always nice to everyone. To the people I really care and love, I will always put them into an important.... I will always make them very important in my life.。
stepbystep3000英语听力基础学习词汇知识整合
Unit 1architectWalesspecificunderstandfatigue 疲劳foxhole 散兵坑，隐蔽处distracted 开小差abuse“lose-lose”solutionsattest 证明excelreside in 在于configuration 配置spousesocial backgroundsraceethnicreligionpre-industrial 工业革命前的proposecriterion 标准physical appearancefall in lovesustain 维持differentiate 使..和..有差别“just-right”wife 刚好合适的physical qualities 体格素质athleticsports qualities 运动素质vowupper portion 上半身designer clothing 量体裁衣baseball diamond 棒球场fancy-dress party 化妆舞会frizzly （小）卷的yearbook 年鉴platonic 不切实际的hit it off 投机chap 家伙trip over 绊倒Unit 2constellation 星座Taurus 金牛座VirgoCapricorn 摩羯座Pisces 双鱼座Aquarius 水瓶座LeoCancer 巨蟹座Aries 白羊座Gemini 双子座Sagittarius 射手座centaur 半人马座Scorpio 天蝎座Libra 天秤座personality surveyaggressivejealousraise the roof 喧闹，大声抱怨a lost walletsmartidentificationself-esteemobservationactive express ideasrelations with other people investigateharsh 粗糙的，刺耳的democratic 民主的depressiondrugspsycho-therapy 心理（精神）疗法public educationmoderatetether 限度，范围suppress 压制manifest 显示surly 脾气还好的cleanse 净化，纯净vent 排出ebb away 褪去dump 垃圾场；倾倒uptight 紧张的，易怒的punch 用拳猛击Unit 3opportunityprosper 成功，飞黄腾达shed light onto 使清楚地显示be blessed with 有..的福气positivecriticallyinteractencourageinvolvementdevelopmentcooperationperformancestaffenhancement 增加regardless ofconsensus 一致bond 使结合，以..作保integrity 正直，诚实，完整Kenyamaster’s degreeslum 贫民窟prospectus 内容说明书，样张leaflet discardstinking 发恶臭的，讨厌的breadwinner 负担家计的人overdose 药量过多visa 签证initially 最初地tenacity 固执，不屈不挠resourcefulness 足智多谋bring up childrenovercome difficulty headmistress 女校长self-publicistpoparthritis 关节炎handicap 妨碍，不利因素subordinate positionbroom 扫帚；扫除aim high 胸怀大志concentrationthrust upon 强迫承担threshold 入口，门槛janitor 守卫janitress 女门警salutary 有益的foreman 领班prime 初期；主要的scatter 分散be apt to 倾向于tumble 摔倒，倒塌speculate 推测indorse 承认，赞成surplus 剩余expenditure 支出，花费revenue 税收，收益ultimategive a shot 尝试genuinely 真诚地consideratedelegate 代表minion 属下unconditionaltarnish 失去光泽quality time 黄金时光Unit 4 experienceapplicantsbachelor’s degreeresume 简历qualifiedpositioncandidateadministrationdynamic 充满活力的mobileturnover 营业额in excess of 超越audit 审计师hottest jobstissue （器官）组织culture 栽培，培植geneticdefectgenetherapy 治疗molecule 分子pharmacologic 药理学livestock 牲畜therapeutic 治疗的laden 充满的modify 修改fiddle 干涉，改变handyman 做零活的人daunt 沮丧video cassette recorder VCRdigital versatile disc DVD holographic 全息toaster 面包机diagnostics 诊断学ambient 周边的hijack 劫持；敲诈bicycle motocross racer 两轮摩托车越野赛选手championtrophy 奖品donatedSpecial Olympicshandicapped youngstersfeat 技艺awesome 敬畏的hardware 器皿set around 无所事事crippled 拐脚的gesturecollege studentbusiness experiencereal business world responsibilitytuition 学费，讲授ladderpayroll 工资单contracta list of questionsgive thought to 给予考虑have a clear knowledge of success and prospects immediate advantages 眼前的利益long-term prospects 长期的前景job preferences 对工作的喜爱future happiness and contentment draw up 起草bear in mindpartially 部分地，偏袒地aptitude 智能weigh 权衡a fund of 许多haphazard 偶然的；偶然事件Unit5internal-combustion engine 内燃机barometer 大气压计atmospheric pressure 大气压力Polaroid 宝丽来pendulum 钟摆diesel 柴油fuel oil 燃油dynamite 炸药kaleidoscope 万花筒harpsichord 竖琴gunsmith 造枪者blacksmith 铁匠calendarpuppet 木偶，傀儡paper clip 纸夹patentadhesive 粘性primer 涂料cellular phone 手机commission 委员会authorize 授权subscribe v.签署subscriber 订户，签署者credit with 把。
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P52 B
1、fax machine 传真机
2、folding fans 折扇
3、the chocolate bar 巧克力块〔条〕
4、the calendar 日历
5、the mechanical clock机械钟
6、puppets木偶
P53 C
paper clips回形针
post-its便利贴
first cellular phones第一代手机
automatic washing machine全自动洗衣机
disposable diapers一次性尿布
zippers拉链
Band-Aids创可贴
soft contact lenses软性隐形眼镜
P55 A
(1) Gutenberg古腾堡（Johannes，1400-1468，德国活版印刷发明人） a type mould型模the first successful system of movable type第一个成功的移动式系统
(2) Copernicus哥白尼（Nicolaus，1473—1543，波兰天文学家）modern science of astronomy现代天文学技术开创者
planets moving around the sun行星绕太阳运行
earth moving around its center once every day地球每天围绕其中心运动一次
（3）Galileo伽利略the first to use telescope observing planets and stars第一个使用望远镜观测行星和恒星
planets circling the sun行星环绕太阳转
(4)Harvey哈维（William，1578—1657，英国医生及解剖学家，血液循环之发现者）how blood moves in animals and people血液在动物和人身上的流动
(5)Newton牛顿inventing calculus发明微积分
secrets of light and color光与色的秘密
theory of gravitation引力理论
P56-57 A
(1) Darwin达尔文theory of evolution进化论
(2) Pasteur巴斯德Pasteurization method巴氏杀菌法the germ theory胚芽理论vaccination—the method of preventing disease 疫苗
(3) Edison爱迪生（美国发明家）the motion picture电影sound recording录音制品electric light电灯improving telephone 改进电话improving machines that produce electricity 改进发电机器working on many electric motors在许多电动机上工作
(4) Freud弗洛伊德（Sigmund，1856-1939，奥地利神经学家、精神病医学家、精神分析的创始人）ideas that dreams helps us understand our unconscious self梦想帮助我们理解无意识的自我
helping form the ideas of modern psychiatry帮助形成现代精神病学的体系
ideas about sexual development关于性发展想法
(5)Einstein爱因斯坦（著名物理学家）theory of relativity-the mathematical statement:E=mc的平方相对论
P57 B
2、F in the past错，录音中说today many people still strongly oppose
4、F the motion picture错，录音里面说the electric light才是most important invention。