高中英语时态之现在完成时

现在完成时

1、概念：表示过去发生的对现在有影响的动作或者表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态。

2、时间状语：already, before, ever, just, lately, never, once, recently, yet, until now, so far,

in the past few years, up to the present等。

3、基本结构：have/has done

have/has done

肯定句The old man has lived here for more than twenty years.

否定句The old man hasn’t lived here for more than twenty years.

一般疑问句Has the old man lived here for more than twenty years?

特殊疑问句How long has the old man lived here?

4、现在完成时的用法：

1）现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，但对现在造成一定的影响：这种用法的时间状语有四类，如下：

【例句】

I have just finished my homework.

I have seen the film three times.

Up to now we have planted over 24,000 fruit trees.

Great changes have taken place in the past twenty years in China.

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2）现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态：这种用法通常与由since或for引导的时间状语连用，动词需要使用延续性动词。

【例句】I haven’t been here for five years.

There have been a lot of changes since 1978.

She has worked as an English teacher since she left University.

3）现在完成时可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作：

【例句】We have had four texts this semester.

He has failed many times recently.

4）have been to和have gone to的区别：

①have been to强调“去过”，现在已经不在那里；

②have gone to强调的是“去了”，现在还在那里或在去那里的路上。

【例句】He has been to the USA three times. （过去“去过美国”，现在已“不在美国”）

--Where’s your mother?

--She has gone to the hospital. （现在在医院，或者去医院的路上）

另外，has been in表示“一直在某地”，如：

We have been in Beijing for a whole year.

5）使用现在完成时的固定句型：

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后三个句型也可以用一般过去时（was），此时从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时。如：

There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.

二、现在完成进行时

1、概念：表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。

2、时间状语：主要有①since + 时间点；②since + 从句；③for + 时间段

3、基本结构：have/has been doing

have/has been doing

肯定句I have been sitting here for an hour.

否定句I haven’t been sitting here for an hour.

一般疑问句Have you been sitting here for an hour?

特殊疑问句How long have you been sitting here?

4、现在完成进行时的用法：

1）现在完成进行时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或刚刚结束的动作：

【例句】I’ve been writing letters all this morning.我写了一上午信。（动作刚刚结束，不再继续）

O’Neil is ill. He’s been lying in the bed for three weeks.

奥尼尔在病中，已经卧床3个星期了。（动作会继续下去）

2）现在完成进行时表示从过去到现在的重复性动作：现在完成进行时的这种用法所表示的并不是一直在进行的动作，而是断断续续地反复发生的动作。

【例句】That reporter has been contributing articles to this magazine all these years.

这些年那个记者一直为这家杂志撰稿。（断断续续地反复发生的动作）

We’ve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently.最近我们经常见面。

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3）现在完成进行时强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩：

【例句】She has always been working like that. 她一贯是这样工作的。

4）动词本身不包含持续意义，若要表示动作延续到现在，可以用现在完成进行时：

【例句】They’ve been building a ship.他们一直在造一艘船。（在进行）

5、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别：

1）现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性，它是现在完成时的强调形式。试比较：

We’ve been living here for ten years.

We’ve lived here for ten years.

2）在不用时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行。而现在完成时则表示动作在过去已结束。试比较：

The students have been preparing for the exam. （还在进行）学生们一直在准备考试。

The students have prepared for the exam. （已经结束）学生们为考试作了准备。

3）有些表示状态，感情，感觉的动词如: have, exist, like, hate, hear, know, sound等动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。如：

They’ve known each other since 1970.

典型例题

Tom in the library every night over the last three months.

A. works

B. worked

C. have been working

D. had been working

【解析】C.本题考查时态。题干中出现的over the last three months，用于现在完成进行时或现在完成时。选项中只有C项符合题意。句意为：在过去三个月里，Tom一直每晚在图书馆奋战。

These interesting articles were written by Anna, who for our magazine these years.

A．wrote B．would write C．is writing D．has been writing

【解析】D. 本题考查时态。句意为：这些有趣的文章是安娜写的，她这些年一直为我们杂志撰稿。表示断断续续地反复发生的动作，应该用现在完成进行时。

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