现代移动通信毕业论文外文翻译 (2)

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Review-of-UMTS通用移动通信系统的回顾大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文

毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目：通用移动通信系统的回顾文献、资料英文题目：Review of UMTS文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院（部）：专业：班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期： 2017.02.14外文资料与中文翻译外文资料：Review of UMTS1.1 UMTS Network ArchitectureThe European/Japanese 3G standard is referred to as UMTS. UMTS is one of a number of standards ratified by the ITU-T under the umbrella of IMT-2000. It is currently the dominant standard, with the US CDMA2000 standard gaining ground, particularly with operators that have deployed cdmaOne as their 2G technology. At time of writing,Japan is the most advanced in terms of 3G network deployment. The three incumbent operators there have implemented three different technologies: J-Phone is using UMTS,KDDI has a CDMA2000 network, and the largest operator NTT DoCoMo is using a system branded as FOMA (Freedom of Multimedia Access). FOMA is based on the original UMTS proposal, prior to its harmonization and standardization.The UMTS standard is specified as a migration from the second generation GSM standard to UMTS via the General Packet Radio System (GPRS) and Enhanced Data for Global Evolution (EDGE), as shown in Figure. This is a sound rationale since as of April 2003, there were over 847 Million GSM subscribers worldwide1, accounting for68% of the global cellular subscriber figures. The emphasis is on keeping as much ofthe GSM network as possible to operate with the new system.We are now well on the road towards Third Generation (3G), where the network will support all traffic types: voice, video and data, and we should see an eventual explosion in the services available on the mobile device. The driving technology for this is the IP protocol. Many cellular operators are now at a position referred to as 2.5G, with the deployment of GPRS, which introduces an IP backbone into the mobile core network.The diagram below, Figure 2, shows an overview of the key components in a GPRS network, and how it fits into the existing GSM infrastructure.The interface between the SGSN and GGSN is known as the Gn interface and uses the GPRS tunneling protocol (GTP, discussed later). The primary reason for the introduction of this infrastructure is to offer connections to external packet networks, such as the Internet or a corporate Intranet.This brings the IP protocol into the network as a transport between the SGSN and GGSN. This allows data services such as email or web browsing on the mobile device,with users being charged based on volume of data rather than time connected.The dominant standard for delivery of 3G networks and services is the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, or UMTS. The first deployment of UMTS is the Release ’99 architecture, shown below in Figure 3.In this network, the major change is in the radio access network (RAN) with the introduction of CDMA technology for the air interface, and ATM as a transport in the transmission part. These changes have been introduced principally to support the transport of voice, video and data services on the same network. The core network remains relatively unchanged, with primarily software upgrades. However, the IP protocol pushes further into the network with the RNC now communicating with the 3G SGSN using IP.The next evolution step is the Release 4 architecture, Figure 4. Here, the GSM core is replaced with an IP network infrastructure based around Voice over IP technology.The MSC evolves into two separate components: a Media Gateway (MGW) and an MSC Server (MSS). This essentially breaks apart the roles of connection and connection control. An MSS can handle multiple MGWs, making the network more scaleable.Since there are now a number of IP clouds in the 3G network, it makes sense to merge these together into one IP or IP/ATM backbone (it is likely both options will be available to operators.) This extends IP right across the whole network, all the way to the BTS.This is referred to as the All-IP network, or the Release 5 architecture, as shown in Figure 5. The HLR/VLR/EIR are generalised and referred to as the HLR Subsystem(HSS).Now the last remnants of traditional telecommunications switching are removed, leaving a network operating completely on the IP protocol, and generalised for the transport of many service types. Real-time services are supported through the introduction of a new network domain, the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS).Currently the 3GPP are working on Release 6, which purports to cover all aspects not addressed in frozen releases. Some call UMTS Release 6 4G and itincludes such issues as interworking of hot spot radio access technologies such as wireless LAN.1.2 UMTS FDD and TDDLike any CDMA system, UMTS needs a wide frequency band in which to operate to effectively spread signals. The defining characteristic of the system is the chip rate, where a chip is the width of one symbol of the CDMA code. UMTS uses a chip rate of 3.84Mchips/s and this converts to a required spectrum carrier of 5MHz wide. Since this is wider than the 1.25MHz needed for the existing cdmaOne system, the UMTS air interface is termed ‘wideband’ CDMA.There are actually two radio technologies under the UMTS umbrella: UMTS FDD and TDD. FDD stands for Frequency Division Duplex, and like GSM, separates traffic in the uplink and downlink by placing them at different frequency channels. Therefore an operator must have a pair of frequencies allocated to allow them to run a network, hence the term ‘paired spectrum’. TDD or Time Division Duplex requires only one frequency channel, and uplink and downlink traffic are separated by sending them at different times. The ITU-T spectrum usage, as shown in Figure 6, for FDD is 1920- 980MHz for uplink traffic, and 2110-2170MHz for downlink. The minimum allocation an operator needs is two paired 5MHz channels, one for uplink and one for downlink, at a separation of 190MHz. However, to provide comprehensive coverage and services, it is recommended that an operator be given three channels. Considering the spectrum allocation, there are 12 paired channels available, and many countries have now completed the licencing process for this spectrum, allocating between two and four channels per licence. This has tended to work out a costly process for operators, since the regulatory authorities in some countries, notably in Europe, have auctioned these licences to the highest bidder. This has resulted in spectrum fees as high as tens of billions of dollars in some countries.The Time Division Duplex (TDD) system, which needs only one 5MHz band in which to operate, often referred to as unpaired spectrum. The differences between UMTS FDD and TDD are only evident at the lower layers, particularly on the radio interface. At higher layers, the bulk of the operation of the two systems is the same. As the name suggests, the TDD system separates uplink and downlink traffic by placing them in different time slots. As will be seen later, UMTS uses a 10ms frame structure which is divided into 15 equal timeslots. TDD can allocate these to be either uplink or downlink,with one or more breakpoints between the two in a frame defined. In this way, it is well suited to packet traffic, since this allows great flexibility in dynamically dimensioning for asymmetry intraffic flow.The TDD system should not really be considered as an independent network, but rather as a supplement for an FDD system to provide hotspot coverage at higher data rates. It is rather unsuitable for large scale deployment due to interference between sites, since a BTS may be trying to detect a weak signal from a UE, which is blocked out by a relatively strong signal at the same frequency from a nearby BTS. TDD is ideal for indoor coverage over small areas.Since FDD is the main access technology being developed currently, the explanations presented here will focus purely on this system.1.3 UMTS Bearer ModelThe procedures of a mobile device connecting to a UMTS network can be split into two areas: the access stratum (AS) and the non-access stratum (NAS). The access stratum involves all the layers and subsystems that offer general services to the non-access stratum. In UMTS, the access stratum consists of all of the elements in the radio access network, including the underlying ATM transport network, and the various mechanisms such as those to provide reliable information exchange. All of the non-access stratum functions are those between the mobile device and the core network, for example, mobility management. Figure 7 shows the architecture model. The AS interacts with the NAS through the use of service access points (SAPs).UMTS radio access network (UTRAN) provides this separation of NAS and AS functions, and allows for AS functions to be fully controlled and implemented within the UTRAN. The two major UTRAN interfaces are the Uu, which is the interface between the mobile device, or User Equipment (UE) and the UTRAN, and the Iu, which is the interface between the UTRAN and the core network. Both of these interfaces can be divided into control and user planes each with appropriate protocol functions.A Bearer Service is a link between two points, which is defined by a certain set of characteristics. In the case of UMTS, the bearer service is delivered using radio access bearers.A Radio access bearer (RAB) is defined as the service that the access stratum (i.e.UTRAN) provides to the non-access stratum for transfer of user data between the User Equipment and Core Network. A RAB can consist of a number of subflows, which are data streams to the core network within the RAB that have different QoS characteristics,such as different reliabilities. A common example of this is different classes of bits with different bit error rates can be realised as different RAB subflows. RAB subflows are established and released at the timethe RAB is established and released, and are delivered together over the same transport bearer.A Radio Link is defined as a logical association between a single User Equipment (UE) and a single UTRAN access point, such as an RNC. It is physically comprised of one or more radio bearers and should not be confused with radio access bearer.Looking within the UTRAN, the general architecture model is as shown in Figure 8 below. Now shown are the Node B or Base Station (BTS) and Radio Network Controller (RNC) components, and their respective internal interfaces. The UTRAN is subdivided into blocks referred to as Radio Network Subsystems (RNS), where each RNS consists of one controlling RNC (CRNC) and all the BTSs under its control. Unique to UMTS is the interface between RNSs, the Iur interface, which plays a key role in handover procedures. The interface between the BTS and RNC is the Iub interface.All the ‘I’ interfaces: Iu, Iur and Iub, currently3 use ATM as a transport layer. In the context of ATM, the BTS is seen as a host accessing an ATM network, within which the RNC is an ATM switch. Therefore, the Iub is a UNI interface, whereas the Iu and Iur interfaces are considered to be NNI, as illustrated in Figure 9.This distinction is because the BTS to RNC link is a point-to-point connection in that a BTS or RNC will only communicate with the RNC or BTS directly connected to it, and will not require communication beyond that element to another network element.For each user connection to the core network, there is only one RNC, which maintains the link between the UE and core network domain, as highlighted in Figure 10. This RNC is referred to as the serving RNC or SRNC. That SRNC plus the BTSs under its control is then referred to as the SRNS. This is a logical definition with reference to that UE only. In an RNS, the RNC that controls a BTS is known as the controlling RNC or CRNC. This is with reference to the BTS, cells under its control and all the common and shared channels within.As the UE moves, it may perform a soft or hard handover to another cell. In the case of a soft handover, the SRNC will activate the new connection to the new BTS. Should the new BTS be under the control of another RNC, the SRNC will also alert this new RNC to activate a connection along the Iur interface. The UE now has two links, one directly to the SRNC, and the second, through the new RNC along the Iur interface. In this case, this new RNC is logically referred to as a drift RNC or DRNC, see Figure 10. It is not involved in any processing of the call and merely relays it to the SRNC for connection to the core. In summary,SRNC and DRNC are usually associated with the UE and the CRNC is associated with the BTS. Since these are logical functions it is normal practice that a single RNC is capable of dealing with all these functions.A situation may arise where a UE is connected to a BTS for which the SRNC is not the CRNC for that BTS. In that situation, the network may invoke the Serving RNC Relocation procedure to move the core network connection. This process is described inSection 3.中文翻译：通用移动通信系统的回顾1.1 UMTS网络架构欧洲/日本的3G标准，被称为UMTS。

VoLTE业务(毕业论文外文翻译中英文对照)

VoLTE业务 (VoLTE Services)1. 引言 (Introduction)随着网络通信技术的不断发展，VoLTE (Voice over LTE) 技术得到了广泛的应用。

VoLTE 是一种利用LTE (Long Term Evolution) 网络传输语音和多媒体业务的技术。

相较于传统的语音通信技术，VoLTE 提供更高质量的语音通信，同时支持视频通话、消息传递和即时通讯服务。

本文将介绍VoLTE业务的概念和特点，并以毕业论文的外文翻译为例，进行中英对照。

2. VoLTE业务概述 (Overview of VoLTE Services)VoLTE业务(Voice over LTE Services)是一种使用LTE网络进行语音通信和多媒体服务的技术。

相比传统的语音通信技术，VoLTE不仅提供更高质量的语音通话体验，还具备更多的功能特性，如高清语音、实时视频通话、消息传递和即时通讯服务等。

VoLTE业务的主要目标是通过使用全IP（Internet Protocol）网络，提供无缝连接并提高语音通信质量。

VoLTE技术通过使用LTE网络传输语音数据，将语音和数据合并在一个单一的IP多媒体子系统（IMS）网络中。

该IMS网络可以提供多种服务，包括实时视频传输、文件共享和在线游戏等。

VoLTE业务提供了丰富的功能和优势。

首先，它提供了高质量的语音通信，通过支持宽带音频编解码器，使用户能够享受高保真的语音通话体验。

其次，VoLTE还支持实时视频通话功能，用户可以通过VoLTE网络进行高清视频通话。

此外，VoLTE还支持消息传递服务，如短信和多媒体消息。

最后，VoLTE还提供了即时通讯服务，用户可以通过VoLTE网络进行语音和视频聊天，以及文件共享等。

VoLTE业务的发展对于改善移动通信体验具有重要意义。

随着4G网络的普及和5G网络的建设，VoLTE业务将成为未来通信技术的重要组成部分。

3. 毕业论文外文翻译 (Translation of Graduation Thesis Abstract)中文原文：摘要：随着移动通信技术的不断发展，VoLTE (基于Voice over LTE的通信技术) 已成为现代通信技术的重要组成部分。

移动通信的英文作文

移动通信的英文作文英文：As a user of mobile communication, I believe that it has greatly changed the way we communicate and interact with each other. With the development of technology, mobile communication has become more convenient and efficient than ever before.Firstly, mobile communication allows us to stay connected with our friends and family anytime, anywhere. We can make phone calls, send text messages, and even video chat with people who are far away from us. This has made it easier for us to maintain relationships and keep in touch with people who are important to us.Secondly, mobile communication has also changed the way we do business. With the help of mobile devices, we can now work remotely and stay connected with our colleagues and clients even when we are not in the office. This hasincreased efficiency and productivity in the workplace.However, there are also some negative aspects of mobile communication. For example, many people have become addicted to their mobile devices and spend too much time on social media or playing games. This can lead to a lack of face-to-face communication and social isolation.Overall, I believe that mobile communication has had a positive impact on our lives, but we need to be mindful of its potential negative effects.中文：作为移动通信的用户，我相信它已经极大地改变了我们之间的交流和互动方式。

通信工程外文资料翻译2篇

南京理工大学毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译学院（系）：电子工程与光电技术学院专业：通信工程姓名：学号：外文出处：1. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ONANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION,VOL. 53,NO.9, SEPTEMBER 20052. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ONMICROWA VE THEORY ANDTECHNIQUES, VOL. 53,NO.6,JUNE 2005附件：1.外文资料翻译译文一；2.外文资料翻译译文二；3.外文原文一；4.外文原文二；注：请将该封面与附件装订成册。

附件1：外文资料翻译译文一在单封装超宽波段无线通信中使用LTCC技术的平面天线作者：Chen Ying and Y.P.Zhang摘要：此通讯提出了一个使用低温度共烧陶瓷技术的平面天线用于超宽频带（UWB）无线通信的单封装解决方案。

该天线具有一个通过微带线反馈的椭圆形的辐射体。

该辐射体和微带线拥有与其它UWBR电路相同的接地板。

实验结果表明原型天线已达到110.9％的带宽，从1.34到5.43 dBi的增益，宽模式和频率从3到10.6GHz 的相对恒定的群延迟。

更多地还发现，标准化天线辐射功率谱密度基本符合FCCS 对于室内UWB系统的发射限制。

关键词：低温共烧陶瓷（LTCC），平面天线，超宽频带（UWB）。

一、引言现在，发展用于窄范围高速度的无线通信网络的超宽频带（UWB）无线电是一个研究热点。

超宽带无线电利用一个7.5 GHz的超宽带宽来交换信息。

使用这样大的带宽，在使U超宽带无线电发挥它最大的作用上存在一些问题.其中的一个主要问题是用于移植系统的超宽带天线的设计。

好的超宽带天线应具有较低的回波损耗，全向辐射模式，从3.1至10.6 GHz的超宽带宽下的高效率，同时也应当满足FCCS规定的发射限制。

现在已经有一些超宽带天线，如钻石偶极子和互补缝隙天线。

它们已被证明适用于超宽带无线电[1] - [4]。

5g移动通信英语作文

5g移动通信英语作文In the fast-paced world of technology, the advancementof mobile communications has been nothing short of revolutionary. The evolution from 1G to 5G has broughtabout significant changes in the way we connect, communicate, and access information. 5G mobile technology, the latest addition to this ever-evolving landscape, promises to revolutionize the telecommunications industry once again.5G, or the fifth generation of mobile networks, is the successor to the widely used 4G LTE technology. It offers a significant boost in speed, latency, and connectivity compared to its predecessor. With 5G, the possibilities are endless, as it paves the way for new applications and services that were not feasible with previous generationsof mobile technology.One of the most significant benefits of 5G is its speed. 5G networks are designed to provide speeds up to 10 times faster than 4G, with peak speeds reaching up to 20 Gbps. This means that downloading large files, streaming high-definition videos, and accessing cloud-based services willbe much faster and smoother. The reduced latency, or the time it takes for data to travel from one point to another, is another key advantage of 5G. With latencies as low as 1 millisecond, 5G enables real-time applications like self-driving cars and remote surgeries to become a reality.Another important aspect of 5G is its ability to handle a significantly higher number of connections than previous generations. This is made possible by the use of technologies like massive MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) and beamforming, which allow 5G networks to handle more devices simultaneously without compromising speed or quality. This increased connectivity will enable a range of new IoT (Internet of Things) applications, from smart homes to connected cities, where every device can be seamlessly integrated and interconnected.5G is not just about faster speeds and better connectivity; it's also about innovation and transformation. 5G networks will enable new services and applications that will change the way we live and work. For example, remote healthcare services will become more accessible, as doctors can provide real-time consultations and surgeries using 5G-enabled robots. Smart cities will become a reality, with traffic management, energy efficiency, and public safetyall being enhanced by 5G technology.However, the transition to 5G is not without its challenges. The deployment of 5G networks requires significant infrastructure investments, including the installation of new base stations and upgrades to existing infrastructure. Additionally, the rollout of 5G services can be complex, as it involves coordinating efforts between multiple stakeholders, including network operators, device manufacturers, and content providers.Despite these challenges, the potential benefits of 5G are too great to ignore. The increased speed, reduced latency, and enhanced connectivity offered by 5G will enable new applications and services that will transform our lives. As we move into the future, 5G will play a crucial role in driving innovation and progress in various industries, from healthcare to transportation, entertainment, and more.**5G移动通信的革命性进步**在科技飞速发展的世界里，移动通信的进步可谓是革命性的。

对移动通信专业课的英文作文

对移动通信专业课的英文作文Mobile communication has become an integral part of our daily lives, revolutionizing the way we interact, access information, and conduct business. As a field of study, mobile communications encompasses a vast array of technological advancements, innovative applications, and evolving industry trends. In this essay, we will delve into the significance of mobile communications as a professional discipline, exploring its key aspects, the skills and knowledge required, and the exciting career prospects it offers.At the core of mobile communications lies the seamless integration of various technologies, including wireless networks, cellular systems, and mobile devices. The rapid development of 4G and 5G networks, coupled with the widespread adoption of smartphones and tablets, has transformed the way we communicate, access information, and engage with the digital world. Mobile communication professionals play a crucial role in designing, implementing, and optimizing these complex systems, ensuring reliable and efficient connectivity for users.One of the fundamental aspects of mobile communications is the understanding of wireless network architectures. Students in this field must grasp the principles of radio frequency (RF) propagation, antenna design, and cellular network topologies. They learn to analyze and address the challenges posed by factors such as signal interference, coverage, and capacity optimization. Additionally, they delve into the intricacies of network protocols, such as GSM, CDMA, and LTE, and their role in enabling seamless voice, data, and multimedia communication.Beyond the technical foundations, mobile communications professionals must also possess a strong understanding of mobile device technologies. This includes the hardware components, operating systems, and software applications that power modern smartphones and tablets. They need to stay abreast of the latest advancements in mobile processors, memory, sensors, and display technologies, as well as the evolving user interface designs and mobile app development frameworks.Another crucial aspect of mobile communications is the study of mobile data and services. Students in this field explore the various mobile data transmission techniques, such as packet switching and circuit switching, and learn to optimize data throughput and minimize latency. They also examine the role of mobile internet protocols, such as WAP and GPRS, and their integration withtraditional internet technologies.The field of mobile communications also encompasses the study of mobile applications and services. Students delve into the development of mobile apps, exploring user experience design, cross-platform compatibility, and the integration of advanced features like location-based services, augmented reality, and mobile payments. They also learn to navigate the complex ecosystem of mobile app stores, distribution channels, and monetization strategies.In addition to the technical aspects, mobile communications professionals must also possess strong analytical and problem-solving skills. They must be adept at data analysis, network optimization, and performance monitoring to ensure the smooth operation of mobile systems. Furthermore, they need to understand the regulatory frameworks and industry standards that govern the mobile communications landscape, adapting to the ever-evolving landscape of policies and regulations.The career prospects in mobile communications are vast and diverse. Graduates can find employment in a wide range of industries, including telecommunications companies, mobile device manufacturers, software development firms, and IT consulting agencies. They may take on roles such as network engineers, mobile app developers, data analysts, project managers, and technical salesrepresentatives, contributing to the development and deployment of cutting-edge mobile technologies.Moreover, the field of mobile communications is constantly evolving, presenting professionals with opportunities for continuous learning and growth. As new technologies, such as 5G, the Internet of Things (IoT), and edge computing, continue to emerge, mobile communication experts must stay ahead of the curve, constantly updating their skills and knowledge to remain competitive in the job market.In conclusion, mobile communications is a dynamic and multifaceted field that offers a wealth of opportunities for aspiring professionals. By mastering the technical aspects of wireless networks, mobile devices, and data services, as well as developing strong analytical and problem-solving skills, students in this discipline can position themselves for rewarding careers in a rapidly advancing industry. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected and reliant on mobile technologies, the demand for skilled mobile communication professionals will only continue to grow, making it an exciting and promising career path.。

移动通信英文作文

移动通信英文作文英文：As a user of mobile communication, I think it has brought great convenience to people's lives. With the development of technology, mobile phones have become more and more intelligent, not only can make calls and send messages, but also can surf the Internet, take photos, play games and so on. It's like having a mini computer in our pocket.However, the excessive use of mobile phones has also brought some negative effects. For example, some people are addicted to mobile phones and cannot get rid of them, which affects their work and study. In addition, the radiation from mobile phones may also pose a potential health hazard to users.In my opinion, we should make reasonable use of mobile phones and avoid excessive use. We can set a time limit forusing mobile phones every day, and try to put down our phones when we are with our families or friends, so as to better communicate with them. As for the potential health hazards, we can choose mobile phones with lower radiation levels or use headphones when making phone calls.中文：作为移动通信的用户，我认为它给人们的生活带来了很大的便利。

现代通信的英语作文范文

现代通信的英语作文范文英文回答：Modern communication is characterized by its speed, efficiency, and global reach. It encompasses various technologies and platforms that enable individuals and organizations to exchange information and ideas in real-time, regardless of geographical distances.One of the key aspects of modern communication is the widespread adoption of the internet and digital technologies. The internet has revolutionized the way we access and share information. Social media platforms, instant messaging applications, and video conferencing tools have made it easier than ever to connect with others and participate in online communities.Another notable feature of modern communication is the rise of mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets. These devices allow us to stay connected on the go,providing us with access to information and communication channels wherever we are. The increasing availability and affordability of mobile technology has contributed to its widespread adoption and has significantly transformed the way we communicate in today's world.Moreover, modern communication has enabled the development of new forms of expression and interaction. Emojis, GIFs, and other non-verbal cues have become an integral part of online communication, allowing us to convey emotions and ideas in a more nuanced and engaging way. The use of visual aids, such as images and videos, has also become increasingly common, enhancing the impact and comprehensiveness of messages.The speed and efficiency of modern communication have profound implications for businesses and organizations. Email, instant messaging, and video conferencing tools have facilitated seamless communication within work teams and across geographical boundaries. The ability to exchange information and make decisions quickly has enabled organizations to become more agile and responsive to marketdemands.Furthermore, modern communication has fostered global connectivity and collaboration. The internet has broken down geographical barriers, allowing people from diverse cultures and backgrounds to engage in meaningful conversations and share ideas. International collaboration on research, education, and business ventures has become increasingly feasible and effective.However, it is important to acknowledge that modern communication also presents certain challenges and ethical considerations. The sheer volume of information available online can be overwhelming and may lead to information overload. It is crucial to be able to critically evaluate information sources and distinguish between reliable and unreliable content.Additionally, the use of social media and other online platforms can raise concerns about privacy and data security. It is essential to be aware of the privacy policies of these platforms and to take steps to protectpersonal information.In conclusion, modern communication is a rapidly evolving field that is transforming the way we connect with others, access information, and conduct business. While it offers numerous benefits and opportunities, it also presents challenges that require careful attention. By understanding the advantages and limitations of modern communication, we can harness its potential to facilitate meaningful connections, promote collaboration, and drive innovation in the 21st century.中文回答：现代通信的特点是速度快、效率高和全球覆盖率。

关于现代通信技术的英语作文

关于现代通信技术的英语作文The rapid evolution of communication technology has significantly transformed the way we interact with one another and access information in the modern world. From the invention of the telephone to the ubiquity of smartphones and social media, the advancements in communication technology have profoundly impacted our personal and professional lives in countless ways.One of the most significant developments in modern communication technology is the widespread adoption of smartphones. These pocket-sized devices have become an indispensable part of our daily lives, serving as a gateway to a vast array of information and communication tools. Smartphones have revolutionized the way we stay connected with friends, family, and colleagues. With features like instant messaging, video calling, and social media platforms, we can now maintain real-time communication with people across the globe with just a few taps on the screen.Moreover, smartphones have become an essential tool for accessing a wealth of information and resources at our fingertips. We can useour devices to research any topic, read news articles, stream multimedia content, and even conduct online transactions. The integration of GPS technology in smartphones has also transformed the way we navigate and explore the world around us, providing turn-by-turn directions, real-time traffic updates, and location-based services.Another significant aspect of modern communication technology is the rise of social media platforms. Platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and LinkedIn have fundamentally changed the way we share information, express ourselves, and build connections with others. These platforms have enabled us to cultivate virtual communities, where we can engage in discussions, share experiences, and stay updated on the lives of our friends and family members.The impact of social media extends beyond personal communication; it has also transformed the way businesses and organizations interact with their audiences. Companies can now leverage social media to promote their products and services, engage with their customers, and gather valuable feedback. Social media has also played a crucial role in shaping public discourse, allowing individuals and groups to voice their opinions, raise awareness about important issues, and mobilize for social and political change.In addition to smartphones and social media, moderncommunication technology has also revolutionized the way we work and collaborate. The advent of video conferencing tools, cloud-based collaboration platforms, and project management software has enabled remote work and distributed teams to operate seamlessly, regardless of geographic location. This has become especially crucial during the COVID-19 pandemic, where many organizations have had to adapt to a remote work model to ensure business continuity and maintain productivity.Furthermore, the growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has ushered in a new era of interconnectivity, where various devices and appliances can communicate with each other and exchange data. This has led to the development of smart homes, where we can control and monitor our household devices remotely using our smartphones or voice assistants. The IoT has also found applications in fields like healthcare, transportation, and urban planning, where the integration of connected devices can help optimize processes, improve efficiency, and enhance the overall quality of life.While the advancements in modern communication technology have brought about numerous benefits, they have also raised concerns about privacy, security, and the potential for addiction and social isolation. As we become increasingly reliant on digital technologies, it is crucial to strike a balance between the convenience and connectivity they provide and the potential risks they pose.Privacy concerns have become a significant issue, as the vast amount of personal data we share online and through our devices can be vulnerable to breaches and misuse. Cybersecurity threats, such as hacking, phishing, and malware, have also become more prevalent, highlighting the need for robust security measures and digital literacy among users.Additionally, the constant exposure to digital devices and social media has been linked to various mental health challenges, including increased anxiety, depression, and feelings of social isolation. It is essential to develop healthy digital habits and find ways to maintain a balance between our online and offline lives.Despite these challenges, the benefits of modern communication technology cannot be overstated. The ability to stay connected, access information, and collaborate with others has revolutionized the way we live, work, and learn. As we continue to embrace these technological advancements, it is crucial that we do so with a critical eye, prioritizing the responsible and ethical use of these tools to ensure they enhance our lives rather than detract from them.In conclusion, the evolution of modern communication technology has transformed the way we interact, access information, and conduct our daily lives. From the ubiquity of smartphones to the riseof social media and the Internet of Things, these advancements have brought about numerous benefits, but also raise concerns that must be addressed. As we navigate this rapidly changing landscape, it is essential that we strike a balance between the convenience and connectivity these technologies provide and the potential risks they pose, ensuring that we harness the power of communication technology in a responsible and ethical manner.。

5g移动通信英语作文

5g移动通信英语作文5G Mobile CommunicationThe advent of 5G technology has ushered in a new era of wireless communication, revolutionizing the way we interact with the digital world. This cutting-edge technology promises to deliver unprecedented speed, reliability, and connectivity, transforming various aspects of our lives.At the heart of 5G lies the concept of ultra-fast data transmission. With download speeds reaching up to 10 Gbps, 5G offers a quantum leap in performance compared to its predecessor 4G. This remarkable speed enables seamless streaming of high-definition video, lightning-fast file transfers, and real-time data processing, making it the ideal platform for emerging technologies such as virtual reality, augmented reality, and cloud gaming.One of the key advantages of 5G is its low latency, which refers to the time it takes for data to travel between a device and a network. With latency as low as 1 millisecond, 5G enables near-instantaneous communication, revolutionizing industries that rely on real-time data exchange. This is particularly crucial for applications like autonomousvehicles, remote surgery, and industrial automation, where even the slightest delay can have severe consequences.Moreover, 5G's enhanced capacity and network efficiency make it an ideal solution for the ever-increasing demand for data. With the proliferation of smart devices, the Internet of Things (IoT), and the growing reliance on cloud-based services, the need for a robust and scalable network has become paramount. 5G's ability to support a vast number of connected devices, while maintaining high-quality performance, positions it as the backbone of the connected world.Beyond its technical capabilities, 5G also has the potential to drive economic growth and societal transformation. The deployment of 5G infrastructure is expected to create new job opportunities in various sectors, from infrastructure development to software engineering and data analysis. Additionally, the improved connectivity and data processing capabilities of 5G can enable the development of smart cities, where urban planning, transportation, and public services are optimized through the integration of advanced technologies.In the realm of healthcare, 5G has the potential to revolutionize the delivery of medical services. Remote patient monitoring, telemedicine, and real-time data analysis can be significantly enhanced with the low latency and high bandwidth of 5G networks. This could lead to improved access to healthcare, especially inunderserved or remote areas, and more personalized and proactive treatment plans.The impact of 5G extends beyond individual industries and into the realm of national security and defense. The enhanced connectivity and data processing capabilities of 5G can enable the development of advanced surveillance systems, secure communication networks, and more efficient military operations. Governments around the world are recognizing the strategic importance of 5G and are actively investing in its deployment and integration with critical infrastructure.However, the widespread adoption of 5G is not without its challenges. Concerns have been raised about the potential health and environmental impacts of 5G networks, particularly the use of higher-frequency millimeter waves. Additionally, the deployment of 5G infrastructure requires significant investment and coordination among various stakeholders, including telecom providers, regulatory bodies, and local governments.Despite these challenges, the potential benefits of 5G are undeniable. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected and data-driven, the need for a reliable, high-performance communication network has never been more pressing. 5G technology, with its unparalleled speed, low latency, and enhanced capacity, is poised to transformthe way we live, work, and interact with the digital world, ushering in a new era of innovation and progress.。

现代通信英文作文

现代通信英文作文1. Communication is a vital aspect of our modern lives. We are constantly connected through various means such as smartphones, social media, and instant messaging apps. It has become so ingrained in our daily routines that it's hard to imagine a world without these communication tools.2. The convenience of modern communication is undeniable. With just a few taps on our screens, we can reach out to someone on the other side of the world. It has made the world a smaller place, allowing us to connect with people from different cultures and backgrounds.3. However, the downside of modern communication is the lack of personal interaction. We often find ourselves glued to our screens, engrossed in virtual conversations, while neglecting the people around us. It's important to strike a balance between online and offline communication to maintain healthy relationships.4. Another aspect of modern communication is the speed at which information spreads. News and updates can go viral within seconds, reaching millions of people. While this can be advantageous in terms of disseminating important information, it also poses challenges in terms of verifying the accuracy of the information shared.5. Privacy is another concern in modern communication. With the constant threat of hacking and data breaches, we need to be cautious about the information we share online. It's crucial to protect our personal data and be mindful of the potential consequences of sharing too much information.6. Despite these challenges, modern communication has revolutionized the way we connect with others. It has opened up opportunities for collaboration, learning, and innovation. We can now easily collaborate with people from different parts of the world, share knowledge, and come up with new ideas.7. In conclusion, modern communication has transformed the way we interact with others. While it offersconvenience and global connectivity, it also presents challenges such as lack of personal interaction, information overload, and privacy concerns. It's important to navigate these challenges wisely and make the most of the benefits modern communication has to offer.。

通信工程移动通信中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文翻译(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)附件1：外文资料翻译译文通用移动通信系统的回顾1.1 UMTS网络架构欧洲/日本的3G标准，被称为UMTS。

UMTS是一个在IMT-2000保护伞下的ITU-T 批准的许多标准之一。

随着美国的CDMA2000标准的发展，它是目前占主导地位的标准，特别是运营商将cdmaOne部署为他们的2G技术。

在写这本书时，日本是在3G 网络部署方面最先进的。

三名现任运营商已经实施了三个不同的技术：J - PHONE 使用UMTS，KDDI拥有CDMA2000网络，最大的运营商NTT DoCoMo正在使用品牌的FOMA（自由多媒体接入）系统。

FOMA是基于原来的UMTS协议，而且更加的协调和标准化。

UMTS标准被定义为一个通过通用分组无线系统（GPRS）和全球演进的增强数据技术（EDGE）从第二代GSM标准到UNTS的迁移，如图。

这是一个广泛应用的基本原理，因为自2003年4月起，全球有超过847万GSM用户，占全球的移动用户数字的68％。

重点是在保持尽可能多的GSM网络与新系统的操作。

我们现在在第三代（3G）的发展道路上，其中网络将支持所有类型的流量：语音，视频和数据，我们应该看到一个最终的爆炸在移动设备上的可用服务。

此驱动技术是IP协议。

现在，许多移动运营商在简称为2.5G的位置，伴随GPRS的部署，即将IP骨干网引入到移动核心网。

在下图中，图2显示了一个在GPRS网络中的关键部件的概述，以及它是如何适应现有的GSM基础设施。

SGSN和GGSN之间的接口被称为Gn接口和使用GPRS隧道协议（GTP的，稍后讨论）。

引进这种基础设施的首要原因是提供连接到外部分组网络如，Internet或企业Intranet。

这使IP协议作为SGSN和GGSN之间的运输工具应用到网络。

这使得数据服务，如移动设备上的电子邮件或浏览网页，用户被起诉基于数据流量，而不是时间连接基础上的数据量。

5g移动通信系统英语作文

5g移动通信系统英语作文Title: The Transformative Power of 5G Mobile Communication SystemsIn the rapidly evolving landscape of telecommunications, the introduction of 5G mobile communication systems has marked a significant milestone. As the fifth generation of mobile networks, 5G promises to revolutionize the way we communicate, work, and live.The core attributes of 5G lie in its ultra-fast speeds, low latency, and massive connectivity. These features enable a wide range of new applications and services that were previously unimaginable. For instance, with speeds of up to 10 gigabits per second, 5G facilitates the seamless transmission of large data files, including high-definition videos and virtual reality content. Additionally, its low latency, measured in milliseconds, enables real-time applications such as remote surgery and autonomous driving.The potential applications of 5G are vast and diverse. It caters to the exploding demand for mobile internet traffic, providing an enhanced user experience for streaming, gaming, and other data-intensive activities. Moreover, 5G enables the development ofvertical industries that require high reliability and low latency, such as industrial automation, remote healthcare, and smart cities.The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has identified three main categories of 5G use cases: enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communications (uRLLC), and massive machine-type communications (mMTC). eMBB focuses on providing faster internet speeds to mobile users, while uRLLC and mMTC cater to specific industry needs, such as mission-critical communications and IoT applications.The development of 5G has been a global effort, with major telecommunications companies and governments collaborating to establish the necessary infrastructure. In recent years, we have witnessed significant progress, with the rollout of 5G networks in various countries and the announcement of 5G-enabled services.However, the true impact of 5G will be felt in the coming years as more devices and applications are connected to the network. It is expected that 5G will become the backbone of the digital economy,enabling new business models, innovative services, and improved efficiency.In conclusion, 5G mobile communication systems represent a paradigm shift in the telecommunications industry. They have the potential to transform our lives, making them more connected, efficient, and enjoyable. As we continue to explore the possibilities of 5G, it is important to ensure that the technology is accessible, secure, and sustainable for all.。

中英论文翻译-对照全球移动通信系统本科学位论文

GSM（Global System for Mobile Communication）The success of mobile systems across the world is a sign that communication is moving towards a more personalized, convenient system. People who have to use a mobile phone on business soon begin to realize that the ability to phone any time, any place in one's personal life rapidly becomes a necessity, not a convenience.The speed and rapidity with which the personal communications revolution takes place is, unlike fixed transmission systems, highly dependent on technology and communication standards.For mobile the three key elements to achieving service take-up are the cost, the size and the weight of the phone, and the cost and quality of the link.3 If any of these are wrong, especially the first two, then market growth is liable to be severely restricted. The fixed telephone service is global and the interconnection varies from coaxial cable to optical fibre and satellite.The national standards are different, but with common interfaces and interface conversion, interconnection can take place. For mobile the problem is far more complex, with the need to roam creating a need for complex networks and systems. Thus in mobile the question of standards is far more crucial to success than fixed systems. 4 In addition, there is also the vexed question of spectrum allocation in the mobile area.Mobile systems originally operated in analog mode in the 450 MHz band, moving later to 900 MHz with digital GSM and then to 1,800 MHz with personal communication systems. The history of mobility can split into generations. The first generation systems were the advanced mobile phone systems (AMPS) in the US, total access communication system (TACS) in most of Europe and Nordic mobile telephone system (NMT); which were all analogue systems. The second generation is vary much dominated by the standard first set out in Europe by the group special mobile (GSM) committee, which was designed as a global mobile communication system.The GSM system is based on a cellular communications principle which wasfirst proposed as a concept in the 1940s by Bell System engineers in the US. The idea came out of the need to increase network capacity and got round the fact that broadcast mobile networks, operating in densely populated areas, could be jammed by a very small number of simultaneous calls. 5 The power of the cellular system was that it allowed frequency reuse.The cellular concept is defined by two features, frequency reuse and cell splitting. Frequency reuse comes into play by using radio channels on the same frequency in coverage areas that are far enough apart not to cause co-channel interference. This allows handling of simultaneous calls that exceed the theoretical spectral capacity. Cell splitting is necessary when the traffic demand on a cell has reached the maximum and the cell is then divided into a micro-cellular system. The shape of cell in a cellular system is always depicted as a hexagon and the cluster size can be seven, nine or twelve.The GSM system requires a number of functions to be created for a fully operational mobile system.The cell coverage area is controlled by a base station which is itself made up of two elements. The first element is the transmission system which communicates out to the mobile and also receives information from it to set up and maintain calls when actually in operation. The base station transceiver (BST) is controlled by the base station controller (BSC), which communicates with the mobile switching center (MSC) ---- the essential link to the local public switched telephone network (PSTN), and to the subscriber data which is stored in registers within the system. The subscriber registers allow the GSM system to check a subscriber who requests the use of the network, allow access and then set up the charging function, etc. 6 The GSM system was allocated part of the 900 MHz band at the 1978 World Administration Conference (WAC), the actual bands being 890 to 915 MHz for the uplink transmission and 935 to 960 MHz for the downlink. The access method is time division multiple access (TDMA).The GSM system operates in a burst transmission mode with 124 radio channels in the 900 MHz band, and these bursts can carry different types of information. Thefirst type of information is speech, which is coded at 6.5 kbit/s or 13 kbit/s. The second type is data, which can be sent at 3.6 kbit/s, 6 kbit/s or 12.6kbit/s. These two forms of transmission are the useful parts of the transmission, but have to be supported by overhead information which is sent in control channels (CCH).The use of digital radio transmission and the advanced handover algorithms between radio cells in GSM network allows for significantly better frequency usage than in analogue cellular systems, thus increasing the number of subscribers that can be served. 7 Since8 GSM provides common standard, cellular subscribers will also be able to use their telephones over the entire GSM service area. Roaming is fully automatic between and within all countries covered by GSM system. In addition to international roaming, GSM provides new services, such as high-speed data communication, Facsimile and short message service. The GSM technical specifications are designed to work in concert with other standards, e. g. ISDN. Interworking between the standards is in this way assured. In the long term perspective cellular systems, using a digital technology, will become the universal method of telecommunication.The third generation mobile communication system currently being developed9 in Europe is intended to integrate all the different services of second generation systems and cover a much wider range of broadband services (voice, data, video and multimedia) consistent and compatible with technology developments taking place within the fixed telecommunication networks.全球移动通信系统世界范围移动通信的成功标志着通信正在向着更加个人化、更加方便的通信系统迈进。

关于现代通信网络的英语作文

关于现代通信网络的英语作文英文回答：Modern Communication Networks.Modern communication networks are the infrastructure that enables the exchange of information between devices, systems, and people. They have revolutionized the way we communicate, accessing information, and conduct business.Types of Communication Networks.There are various types of communication networks, each designed for specific purposes and applications. The main types include:Wired Networks: These networks use physical cables (e.g., Ethernet, fiber optic) to connect devices. They provide high bandwidth and low latency, making themsuitable for high-volume data transfer and real-timeapplications.Wireless Networks: Wireless networks use radio waves to transmit data between devices. They are more portable and flexible than wired networks, allowing for greater mobility and access from remote locations.Mobile Networks: Mobile networks are a type of wireless networks that provide connectivity to mobile devices (e.g., smartphones, tablets). They use cellular technology to establish connections and support various services, including voice calls, text messaging, and data access.Satellite Networks: Satellite networks use satellites in orbit to transmit and receive data. They provide communication services to areas where terrestrial networks are not feasible or reliable.Network Protocols and Standards.To ensure interoperability and seamless communication,networks rely on standardized protocols and standards. These define the rules and procedures for data exchange, ensuring that devices and systems can communicate effectively. Some of the key protocols and standards include:TCP/IP: The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol suite is the fundamental protocol used in the Internet. It defines the addressing scheme, data transfer protocols, and error handling mechanisms.Ethernet: Ethernet is a widely used protocol for wired local area networks (LANs). It specifies the physical and data link layer protocols for network communication.Wi-Fi: Wi-Fi is a wireless protocol based on the IEEE 802.11 standards. It enables wireless connectivity between devices within a specific range.Cellular Standards (e.g., GSM, LTE, 5G): Cellular standards define the communication protocols and air interface specifications for mobile networks. They enableseamless roaming and support various mobile services.Network Security.Network security is crucial to protect data and privacy in modern communication networks. It involves measures to prevent unauthorized access, data breaches, and cyber threats. Common network security practices include:Firewalls: Firewalls act as barriers between networks, blocking unauthorized access to sensitive resources.Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs): IDSs monitor network traffic for suspicious activity and can detect and prevent intrusion attempts.Virtual Private Networks (VPNs): VPNs create secure tunnels over public networks, enabling secure and anonymous data transmission.Encryption: Encryption techniques are used to protect data from unauthorized interception and modification.Emerging Trends in Communication Networks.The field of communication networks is constantly evolving, with new technologies and trends emerging to enhance network performance, capacity, and security. Some of the notable trends include:5G Networks: 5G is the next generation of wireless networks that promises大幅提高speeds, reduced latency, and increased bandwidth. It will enable new applications such as autonomous vehicles, augmented reality, and IoT (Internet of Things).Software-Defined Networking (SDN): SDN decouples the control and data planes of networks, allowing for more flexible and programmable network management.Network Function Virtualization (NFV): NFV enables virtualization of network functions (e.g., firewalls, load balancers), allowing for rapid deployment, scalability, and cost optimization.Edge Computing: Edge computing brings data processing and storage closer to the edge of the network, reducing latency and improving efficiency for real-time applications.Conclusion.Modern communication networks are essential for the functioning of society and the global economy. They enable seamless communication, information sharing, and digital transformation across industries. As networks evolve andnew technologies emerge, we can expect further advancements and innovations that will drive progress and enhance theway we live and work.中文回答：现代通信网络。

关于现代通信的英语作文

关于现代通信的英语作文英文回答：Modern communication plays an integral role in contemporary society, bridging geographical barriers and facilitating seamless connection among individuals, businesses, and organizations worldwide. Its influence has permeated various aspects of our lives, transforming theway we interact, disseminate information, and conduct business.One of the most significant advancements in modern communication is the rise of the internet and online platforms. The internet has enabled instant global communication, allowing us to connect with anyone, anywhere, at any time. Through social media, instant messaging, and video conferencing, we can stay in touch with friends and family, share experiences, and engage in real-time conversations.The internet has also revolutionized information dissemination. With access to vast amounts of data and resources, we can now easily acquire knowledge on any subject, regardless of our location. Online newspapers, magazines, and blogs provide us with up-to-date news and perspectives from around the world, while educational platforms offer online courses and certifications, making learning accessible to all.Modern communication has significantly impacted business operations. Email, video conferencing, and cloud computing have streamlined communication and collaboration within organizations. Employees can now work remotely, accessing company resources and connecting with colleagues from any location. This flexibility enhances productivity, facilitates innovation, and enables businesses to expand their reach beyond geographical boundaries.Furthermore, modern communication has empowered individuals to express themselves and share their perspectives with a global audience. Social media platforms have become powerful tools for advocacy, activism, andstorytelling. Individuals can use these platforms to raise awareness about important issues, mobilize support for causes, and foster a sense of community.Despite the many benefits of modern communication, it is important to acknowledge potential challenges and ethical considerations. The constant bombardment of information can lead to information overload and filter bubbles, where individuals are exposed to only a limited range of perspectives. Additionally, the anonymity of online communication can facilitate the spread of misinformation and cyberbullying.To address these challenges, it is crucial to develop critical thinking skills and media literacy. Individuals need to be able to discern reliable information, evaluate biases, and make informed decisions about the content they consume. Moreover, online platforms and governments have a responsibility to regulate and moderate content to prevent the spread of harmful or abusive material.In conclusion, modern communication has profoundlytransformed our world, offering unprecedented opportunities for connection, information sharing, and business innovation. By embracing its benefits while addressing its challenges, we can harness the power of modern communication to create a more informed, connected, and equitable society.中文回答：现代通信在当代社会中扮演着不可或缺的角色，它架起了地理障碍，促进了全球个人、企业和组织之间的无缝连接。

英语作文现代通信

现代通信的奇迹与挑战In the twenty-first century, modern communication has transformed the way we live, work, and interact with each other. From the earliest forms of telegraphy to today's instant messaging and social media platforms, the evolution of communication technology has been nothing short of remarkable. However, with the rapid advancement of modern communication comes a unique set of challenges that we must address.The advent of the internet and mobile technology has made the world more connected than ever before. People can now stay in touch with friends and family across vast distances, share information instantly, and access a wealth of knowledge and entertainment at their fingertips. Social media platforms have revolutionized the way we interact, allowing us to connect with people from all corners of the globe and share our stories with the world.However, the rise of modern communication has also presented some significant challenges. One of the most significant issues is the issue of privacy. With so much personal information being shared online, the risk ofidentity theft and cyber-attacks has increased significantly. Additionally, the constant stream of information and social media updates can lead to feelings of anxiety and isolation, particularly for those who feel disconnected from the virtual world.Another challenge posed by modern communication is the issue of misinformation and fake news. With the ease of sharing information online, it has become easier for false information to spread rapidly, often with devastating consequences. This has led to a growing need for critical thinking and media literacy to distinguish between reliable and unreliable sources of information.Despite these challenges, the benefits of modern communication far outweigh the costs. The ability to stay connected with loved ones, access vital information, and share our stories with the world has transformed our lives for the better. As we continue to embrace the wonders of modern communication, it is crucial that we also work to address the challenges it presents to ensure that we can harness its power for positive change.**现代通信的奇迹与挑战**在二十一世纪，现代通信改变了我们的生活方式、工作方式以及彼此间的互动方式。

现代移动通信外文翻译

附录 A现代移动通信在当今高度信息化的社会，信息和通信已成为现代社会的“命脉”。

信息的交流主要依赖于计算机通信，而通信作为传输手段，与传感技术、计算机技术相互融合，已成为21世纪国际社会和世界经济发展的强大动力。

为了适应时代的要求，新的一代移动通信技术应时而生，新的一代移动通信技术即人们称之第三代的核心特征是宽带寻址接入到固定网和众多不同通信系统间的无隙缝漫游，获取多媒体通信业务。

随着时代的进步、科技的创新、人们的生活要求的提高，移动通信技术更新换代速度相当惊人，差不多每隔十年移动通信技术就发生一次变革性换代，从上个世纪80年代的“大哥大”到现在的3G手机，其间发生了两次移动通信技术的变革，从1G的AMPS过渡到2G的GSM，从GSM到IMT-2000（即3G技术）。

1 现代的移动通信技术有以下几方面的重要技术1) 宽带调制和多址技术无线高速数据传输不能一味仅靠频谱的扩展，应在频谱效率上至少高于目前一个数量级，可在物理层采用三项技术，即OFDM、UWB和空时调制编码。

OFDM 与其他编码方式的结合，灵活把OFDM与TDMA、FDMA、CDMA、SDMA组合成多址技术。

20世纪60年代OFDM的多路数据传输已成功用于Kineplex和Kathryn高频军事通信系统。

OFDM已用于1.6 Mbit/s高比特率数字用户线（HDSL），6 Mbit/s 不对称数字用户线（ADSL），100 Mbit/s甚高速数字用户线（VDSL），数字音频广播和数字视频广播等。

OFDM应用于5 GHz上提供54 Mbit/s无线本地网IEEE 802.11 a和IEEE ，高性能本地域网络Hiper LAN/2和ETSI-BRAN，还作为城域网和集成业务数字广播（ISDB-T）标准。

与单载频调制制式相比，OFDM调制制式要解决相对大的峰均功率比（PAPR，Peak to Average Power Ratio）和对频率位移和相位噪声敏感的问题。

现代移动通信 毕业论文外文翻译 (2)

Review-of-UMTS通用移动通信系统的回顾大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文

VoLTE业务(毕业论文外文翻译 中英文对照)

移动通信的英文作文

通信工程外文资料翻译2篇

5g移动通信英语作文

对移动通信专业课的英文作文

移动通信英文作文

现代通信的英语作文范文

关于现代通信技术的英语作文

5g移动通信英语作文

现代通信英文作文

通信工程移动通信中英文对照外文翻译文献

5g移动通信系统英语作文

中英论文翻译-对照全球移动通信系统本科学位论文

关于现代通信网络的英语作文

关于现代通信的英语作文

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