homework -国际贸易实务课后题
Homework-1 Ch1-Ch3_with answer key
Homework-1Name___________________________________MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.1)Financial markets promote greater economic efficiency by channeling funds from ________ to1) ________.A)savers; lenders B)savers; borrowersC)investors; savers D)borrowers; savers2)Stock prices are2)A)relatively stable trending downward at a moderate rate.B)unstable trending downward at a moderate rate.C)relatively stable trending upward at a steady pace.D)extremely volatile.3)3)When I purchase a corporate ________, I am lending the corporation funds for a specific time.When I purchase a corporation's ________, I become an owner in the corporation.A)bond; stock B)stock; debt securityC)stock; bond D)bond; debt security4)4)A financial crisis isA)typically followed by an economic boom.B)a major disruption in the financial markets.C)not possible in the modern financial environment.D)a feature of developing economies only.5) Financial intermediaries5)A)produce nothing of value and are therefore a drain on society's resources.B)hold very little of the average American's wealth.C)can hurt the performance of the economy.D)provide a channel for linking those who want to save with those who want to invest.6)Money is defined as6)A)bills of exchange.B)the unrecognized liability of governments.C)a risk-free repository of spending power.D)anything that is generally accepted in payment for goods and services or in the repayment ofdebt.7)Evidence from business cycle fluctuations in the United States indicates that7)A)recessions are usually preceded by a decline in the growth rate of money.B)a negative relationship between money growth and general economic activity exists.C)recessions are usually preceded by declines in bond prices.D)recessions are usually preceded by dollar depreciation.8)There is a ________ association between inflation and the growth rate of money ________.8)A)positive; demand B)negative; supplyC)positive; supply D)negative; demand9)Countries that experience very high rates of inflation may also have9)A)falling money supplies.B)constant money supplies.C)rapidly growing money supplies.D)balanced budgets.10)10)________ policy involves decisions about government spending and taxation.A)Systemic B)Monetary C)Financial D)Fiscal11)A budget ________ occurs when government expenditures exceed tax revenues for a particular11)time period.A)deficit B)surge C)surplus D)surfeit12)12)Which of the following is most likely to result from a stronger dollar?A)U.S. goods exported abroad will cost more in foreign countries, and so foreigners will buyfewer of them.B)Americans will purchase fewer foreign goods.C)U.S. goods exported aboard will cost less in foreign countries, and so foreigners will buy moreof them.D)U.S. goods exported aboard will cost more in foreign countries and so foreigners will buymore of them.13)13)Which of the following can be described as involving direct finance?A)People buy shares in a mutual fund.B)A corporation issues new shares of stock.C)An insurance company buys shares of common stock in the over-the-counter markets.D)A pension fund manager buys a short-term corporate security in the secondary market.14)14)Which of the following can be described as involving indirect finance?A)A corporation buys a share of common stock issued by another corporation in the primarymarket.B)You make a loan to your neighbor.C)You buy a U.S. Treasury bill from the U.S. Treasury.D)You make a deposit at a bank.15) 15)Securities are ________ for the person who buys them, but are ________ for the individual or firmthat issues them.A)nonnegotiable; negotiable B)assets; liabilitiesC)negotiable; nonnegotiable D)liabilities; assets16)Equity holders are a corporation's ________. That means the corporation must pay all of its debt16)holders before it pays its equity holders.A)residual claimants B)brokersC)underwriters D)debtors17)17)A corporation acquires new funds only when its securities are sold in theA)secondary market by a securities dealer.B)secondary market by a commercial bank.C)primary market by a stock exchange broker.D)primary market by an investment bank.18)A liquid asset is18)A)always sold in an over-the-counter market.B)difficult to resell.C)an asset that can easily and quickly be sold to raise cash.D)a share of an ocean resort.19)Secondary markets make financial instruments more19)A)liquid.B)risky.C)solid.D)vapid.20) 20)A financial market in which only short-term debt instruments are traded is called the ________market.A)bond B)capital C)money D)stock21) 21)U.S. Treasury bills pay no interest but are sold at a ________. That is, you will pay a lowerpurchase price than the amount you receive at maturity.A)discount B)premium C)default D)collateral22) 22)U.S. Treasury bills are considered the safest of all money market instruments because there isalmost no risk ofA)desertion.B)defeat.C)demarcation.D)default.23)Bonds that are sold in a foreign country and are denominated in the country's currency in which23)they are sold are known asA)Eurobonds.B)country bonds.C)equity bonds.D)foreign bonds.24)24)If Microsoft sells a bond in London and it is denominated in dollars, the bond is aA)foreign bond.B)currency bond.C)Eurobond.D)British bond.25)25)An example of economies of scale in the provision of financial services isA)investing in a diversified collection of assets.B)spreading the cost of writing a standardized contract over many borrowers.C)spreading the cost of borrowed funds over many customers.D)providing depositors with a variety of savings certificates.26)26)The process of asset transformation refers to the conversion ofA)safer assets into risky assets.B)risky assets into risky liabilities.C)risky assets into safer assets.D)safer assets into safer liabilities.27) 27)Typically, borrowers have superior information relative to lenders about the potential returns andrisks associated with an investment project. The difference in information is calledA)asymmetric information.B)moral selection.C)risk sharing.D)adverse hazard28)Adverse selection is a problem associated with equity and debt contracts arising from28)A)the lender's inability to legally require sufficient collateral to cover a 100% loss if the borrowerdefaults.B)the lender's relative lack of information about the borrower's potential returns and risks of hisinvestment activities.C)the borrower's lack of incentive to seek a loan for highly risky investments.D)the borrower's lack of good options for obtaining funds.29)An example of the problem of ________ is when a corporation uses the funds raised from selling29)bonds to fund corporate expansion to pay for Caribbean cruises for all of its employees and theirfamilies.A)risk sharing B)moral hazardC)credit risk D)adverse selection30) 30)Increasing the amount of information available to investors helps to reduce the problems of________ and ________ in the financial markets.A)moral hazard; transactions costs B)adverse selection; risk sharingC)adverse selection; moral hazard D)adverse selection; economies of scale31)31)Of money's three functions, the one that distinguishes money from other assets is its function as aA)standard of deferred payment.B)store of value.C)unit of account.D)medium of exchange.32)For a commodity to function effectively as money it must be32)A)hard to carry around.B)difficult to make change.C)deteriorate quickly so that its supply does not become too large.D)easily standardized, making it easy to ascertain its value.33) 33)________ is the relative ease and speed with which an asset can be converted into a medium ofexchange.A)Efficiency B)Specialization C)Deflation D)Liquidity34)34)Of the following assets, the least liquid isA)a house.B)checking deposits.C)traveler's checks.D)stocks.35) 35)Paper currency that has been declared legal tender but is not convertible into coins or preciousmetals is called ________ money.A)funny B)commodity C)electronic D)fiat36)Monetary aggregates are36)A)never redefined since "money" never changes.B)measures of the money supply reported by the Federal Reserve.C)measures of the wealth of individuals.D)reported by the Treasury Department annually.37)37)Which of the following is not included in the measure of M1?A)Currency B)Savings depositsC)NOW accounts D)Demand deposits38) 38)Which of the following is not included in the M1 measure of money but is included in the M2measure of money?A)Currency B)Demand depositsC)Small-denomination time deposits D)Traveler's checks39)If an individual moves money from a small-denomination time deposit to a demand deposit39)account,A)M1 increases and M2 decreases.B)M1 stays the same and M2 stays the same.C)M1 stays the same and M2 increases.D)M1 increases and M2 stays the same.40)40)Which of the following statements accurately describes the two measures of the money supply?A)The two measures' movements closely parallel each other, even on a month-to-month basis.B)Short-run movements in the money supply are extremely reliable.C)The two measures do not move together, so they cannot be used interchangeably bypolicymakers.D)M2 is the narrowest measure the Fed reports.Answer KeyTestname: HOMEWORK-1 CH1-CH31)B2)D3)A4)B5)D6)D7)A8)C9)C10)D11)A12)A13)B14)D15)B16)A17)D18)C19)A20)C21)A22)D23)D24)C25)B26)C27)A28)B29)B30)C31)D32)D33)D34)A35)D36)B37)B38)C39)D40)C。
Homework 4
Chapter111.If 42.0 kJ of heat is added to a 32.0g sample of liquid methaneunder 1 atm of pressure at a temperature of -170 °C, what arethe final state and temperature of the methane once the systemequilibrates? Assume no heat is lost to the surroundings.The normal boiling point of methane is-161.5 °C. Thespecific heats of liquid and gaseous methane are3.48 and2.22 J/gK, respectively.2.The moleculeshave the same molecular formula (C3H8O) but different normalboiling points, as shown. Rationalize the difference inboiling points.3.Arrange substances CCl4, Si, and Ar in order of increasingboiling point.4.Which type of intermolecular attractive force operates between(a) all molecules, (b) polar molecules, (c) the hydrogenatom of a polar bond and a nearby smallelectronegativeatom?5.Describe the intermolecular forces that must be overcome toconvert these substances from a liquid to a gas: (a) SO2,(b) CH3COOH, (c) H2S.6.Which member in each pair has the larger dispersion forces:(a) H2O or H2S, (b) CO2 or CO, (c) SiH4 or GeH4?7.Ethylene glycol (HOCH2CH2OH), the major substance in antifreeze,has a normal boiling point of 198 °C. By comparison,ethyl alcohol (CH3CH2OH) boils at78 °C at atmospheric pressure.Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (CH3OCH2CH2OCH3)has a normal boiling point of 83 °C, and ethyl methyl ether(CH3CH2OCH3) has a normal boiling point of 11 °C. (a) Explainwhy replacement of a hydrogen on the oxygen by a CH3group generally results in a lower boiling point. (b) What arethe major factors responsible for the difference in boilingpoints of the two ethers?8.Explain the following observations: (a) The surface tension ofCHBr3 is greater than that of CHCl3. (b) As temperature increases,oil flows faster through a narrow tube. (c) Raindropsthat collect on a waxed automobile hood take on a nearlyspherical shape. (d) Oil droplets that collect on a waxed automobilehood take on a flat shape. the phase transition in each of the following situationsand indicate whether it is exothermic or endothermic:(a)When ice is heated, it turns to water. (b)Wet clothes dry ona warm summer day. (c) Frost appears on a window on a coldwinter day. (d) Droplets of water appear on a cold glass ofbeer.10.For many years drinking water has been cooled in hot climatesby evaporating it from the surfaces of canvas bags or porousclay pots.How many grams of water can be cooled from35 °Cto20 °C by the evaporation of 60 g of water? (The heat of vaporizationof water in this temperature range is 2.4 kJ/g. Thespecific heat of water is 4.18 J/gK.)11.Ethanol (C2H5OH) melts at-114 °C and boils at 78 °C. Theenthalpy of fusion of ethanol is 5.02 kJ/mol, and its enthalpyof vaporization is 38.56 kJ/mol. The specific heats of solid andliquid ethanol are 0.97 J/gKand 2.3 J/gK, respectively.(a) How much heat is required to convert 42.0 g of ethanol at35 °C to the vapor phase at 78 °C? (b) How much heat isrequired to convert the same amount of ethanol at -155 °Ctothe vapor phase at 78 °C?12.(a) Place the following substances in order of increasing volatility:CH4, CBr4,CH2Cl2, CH3Cl, CHBr3, and CH2Br2. Explain.(b) How do the boiling points vary through this series?13.The phase diagram for neon isUse the phase diagram to answer the following questions. (a)What is the approximate value of the normal melting point?(b) Over what pressure range will solid neon sublime? (c) Atroom temperature (T = 25 °C) can neon be liquefied by compressingit?14.Chapter 131.The structures of vitamins E and B6 are shown below. Predictwhich is largely water soluble and which is largely fat soluble.Explain.2.The following diagram shows the vapor-pressure curves of avolatile solvent and a solution of that solvent containing anonvolatile solute. (a) Which line represents the solution? (b)What are the normal boiling points of the solvent and thesolution?3.Indicate the type of solute–solvent interaction that should be most important in each of the following solutions:(a) CCl4 in benzene (C6H6), (b) methanol (CH3OH) inwater,(c) KBr in water, (d) HCl in acetonitrile (CH3CN).mon laboratory solvents include acetone (CH3COCH3),methanol (CH3OH), toluene (C6H5CH3), and water.Which ofthese is the best solvent for nonpolar solutes? Explain.5.(a) Would you expect stearic acid, CH3(CH2)16COOH, to bemore soluble in water or in carbon tetrachloride? Explain.(b) Which would you expect to be more soluble in water,cyclohexane or dioxane? Explain.6.(a) Explain why carbonated beverages must be stored in sealedcontainers. (b) Once the beverage has been opened, why doesit maintain more carbonation when refrigerated than at roomtemperature?7.The Henry’s law constant for helium gas in water at30 °C is3.7 * 10-4 M/atm and the constant for N2 at30 °C is 6.0 * 10-4 M/atm. If the two gases are each present at1.5 atm pressure, calculate the solubility of each gas.8.(a) Calculate the mass percentage of Na2SO4 in a solutioncontaining 10.6 g Na2SO4 in 483 g water. (b) An ore contains2.86 g of silver per ton of ore. What is the concentration ofsilver in ppm?9.A solution is made containing 14.6 g of CH3OH in 184 g H2O.Calculate (a) the mole fraction of CH3OH, (b) the mass percentof CH3OH, (c) the molality of CH3OH.mercial aqueous nitric acid has a density of 1.42 g/mL andis 16 M. Calculate the percent HNO3 by mass in the solution.11.Consider two solutions, one formed by adding 10 g of glucose(C6H12O6) to 1 L of water and the other formed by adding10 g of sucrose (C12H22O11) to 1 L of water. Are the vaporpressures over the two solutions the same? Why or why not?12.At 63.5 °C the vapor pressure of H2O is 175 torr, and that ofethanol (C2H5OH) is 400 torr. A solution is made by mixingequal masses of H2O and C2H5OH. (a) What isthe mole fractionof ethanol in the solution? (b) Assuming ideal-solutionbehavior, what is the vapor pressure of the solution at 63.5 °C? (c)What is the mole fraction of ethanol in the vapor above thesolution?13.At20 °C the vapor pressure of benzene (C6H6) is 75 torr, andthat of toluene (C7H8) is 22 torr. Assume that benzene andtoluene form an ideal solution. (a)What is the composition inmole fractions of a solution that has a vapor pressure of35 torr at 20 °C?(b) What is the mole fraction of benzene inthe vapor above the solution described in part (a)?14.List the following aqueous solutions in order of increasingboiling point: 0.120 m glucose, 0.050 m LiBr, 0.050 mZn(NO3)2.15.What is the osmotic pressure formed by dissolving 44.2 mg ofaspirin (C9H8O4) in 0.358 L of water at 25 °C?16.Two beakers are placed in a sealed box at 25 °C. One beakercontains 30.0 mL of a 0.050 M aqueous solution of a nonvolatilenonelectrolyte. The other beaker contains 30.0 mL ofa 0.035 M aqueous solution of NaCl. The water vapor fromthe two solutions reaches equilibrium. (a) In which beakerdoes the solution level rise, and in which one does it fall? (b)What are the volumes in the two beakers when equilibriumis attained, assuming ideal behavior?17.At ordinary body temperature (37 °C) the solubility of N2 inwater in contact with air at ordinary atmospheric pressure(1.0 atm) is 0.015 g/L. Air is approximately 78 mol % N2.Calculate the number of moles of N2 dissolved per liter ofblood, which is essentially an aqueous solution.At a depth of100 ft in water, the pressure is 4.0 atm.What is the solubilityof N2from air in blood at this pressure? If a scuba diver suddenlysurfaces from this depth, how many milliliters of N2gas, in the form of tiny bubbles, are released into the bloodstreamfrom each liter of blood?。
HomeworkAssignment
Homework Exercises – 9Chapter 17 – Homework Questions1.Rank the following bank assets from most liquid to least liquid:mercial Loansb.Securitiesc.Reservesd.Physical Capital2.If the president of a bank told you that the bank was so well run that it neverhad to call in loans, sell securities or borrow as a result of a deposit outflow, would you be willing to buy stock in that bank? Why or why not?3.If the bank you own has no excess reserves and a sound customer comes inasking for a loan, should you automatically turn the customer down,explaining that you don’t have any excess reserves to loan out? Why or why not? What options are available for you to provide the funds your customer needs?4.Why has the development of overnight loan markets made it more likely thatbanks will hold fewer reserves?5.If you are a banker and expect interest rates to rise in the future, would youwant to make short-term or long-term loans?6.“Bank managers should always seek the highest return possible on theirassets.” Is this st atement true, false or uncertain? Explain your answer.7.“Banking has become a more dynamic industry because of more activeliability management.” Is this statement true, false or uncertain?8.Why has noninterest income been growing as a source of bank operatingincome?9.Which components of operating expenses experience the greatestfluctuations? Why?10.Why do equity holders care more about ROE than ROA?11.What does the net interest margin measure and why is it important to bankmanagers?12.If a bank doubles the amount of its capital and ROA stays constant, what willhappen to ROE?13.If a bank finds its ROE is too low because it has too much bank capital, whatcan it do to raise its ROE?14.What are the benefits and costs for a bank when it decides to increase theamount of its bank capital?15.If a bank is falling short of meeting its capital requirements by $1m, whatthree things can it do to rectify the situation?Chapter 17 – Quantitative Questions1.The balance sheet of TriBank starts with an allowance for loan losses of$1.33m. During the year, TriBank charges off worthless loans of $0.84m,recovers $0.22m on loans previously charged off, and charges currentincome for a $1.48m provision for loan losses. Calculate the end-of-yearallowance for loan losses.2.X-Bank reported an ROE of 15% and an ROA of 1%. What is the EquityMultiplier?3.Wiggley S&L issues a standard 30-year fixed rate mortgage at 7.8% for$150,000. Thirty-six months later mortgage rates jump to 13%. If the S&L sells the mortgage at this point how much of a loss is incurred?4.Refer to the previous question. In 1981 Congress allowed S&Ls to sellmortgages at a loss and amortize the loss over the remaining life of themortgage. If this were used for the previous question, how would thetransaction have been recorded? What would be the annual adjustment?When would that end?5.For the upcoming week, Nobel National Bank plans to issue $25m inmortgages and purchase $100m in T-bills. New deposits of $35m areexpected and other sources will generate $15m in cash. What is Nobel’sestimate of funds needed?6. A bank estimates that demand deposits are, on average, $100m with astandard deviation of $5m. The bank wants to maintain a minimum of 8% of deposits in reserves at all times. What is the highest expected level ofdeposits during the month? What reserves to they need to maintain? Use a 99% confidence level.The remaining questions relate to the first month’s operation of NewBank.7.NewBank started its first day of operations with $6m in capital. $100m incheckable deposits is received. The bank issues a $25m commercial loan and another $25m in mortgages, with the following terms.∙Mortgages: 100 standard 30-year fixed-rate mortgages with a nominal annual rate of 5.25% each for $250,000.∙Commercial loan: 3-year loan, simple interest paid monthly at 0.75% per month.If required reserves are 8%, what does the bank’s balance sheet look like?Ignore any loan loss reserves.8.NewBank decides to invest $45m in 30-day T-bills. The T-bills are currentlytrading at$4986.70 (including commissions) for a $5,000 face valueinstrument. How many do they purchase? What does the balance sheet look like?9.On the third day of operations, deposits fall by $5m. What does the balancesheet look like? Are there any problems?10.To meet any shortfall in the previous question, NewBank will borrow thecash in the federal funds market. Management decides to borrow the needed funds for the remainder of the month (now 29 days). The required yield on a discount basis is 2.9%. What does the balance sheet look like after thistransaction?11.The end of the month finally arrives for NewBank, and it receives all of therequired payments from its mortgages, commercial loans and T-bills. How much cash is received? How are these transactions recorded?12.NewBank also pays off its federal funds borrowed. How much cash is owed?How is this recorded?13.What does the month-end balance sheet for NewBank look like? Calculatethis before any income tax consideration.14.Calculate NewBank’s ROAD and NIM for i ts first month. Assume that netinterest equals EBT, and that NewBank is in the 34% tax bracket.15.Calculate NewBank’s ROE and final balance sheet including its tax liabilities.16.If NewBank were required to establish a loan loss reserve at 0.25% of theloan value for commercial loans, how would this be recorded? Recalculate NewBank’s ROE and final balance sheet, including its tax liabilities.17.If NewBank’s target ROE is 4.5%, how much net fee income must it generateto meet this target?18.After making payments for three years, one of the mortgage borrowersdefaults on the mortgage. NewBank immediately takes possession of thehouse and sells it at auction for $175,000. Legal fees amount to $25,000. If no loan loss reserve was established for the mortgage loans, how is this event recorded.。
homework(due 10_13)
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4. Coke and Pepsi are perfect substitutes for Mr. Drinker and the slope of his indifference curves is minus 1. One day he bought 2 cans of Coke and 20 cans of Pepsi. (The cans of both drinks are the same size.) (1’) (a) Coke is less expensive than Pepsi. (b) Coke is more expensive than Pepsi. (c) Coke and Pepsi cost the same. (d) Mr. Drinker prefers Pepsi to Coke. (e) None of the above.
2. Ambrose has indifference curves with the equation x2 23 6 x12/ 3 . If good 1 is drawn on the horizontal axis and good 2 on the vertical axis, what is the slope of Ambrose's indifference curve when his consumption bundle is (8; 14)? (a) -2/7 (b) -7/2 (c) -2 (d) -1/2 (e) -23 (1’)
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A* B
INTERMEDIATE MICROECONOMICS AUTUMN 2010 INSTRUCTOR: ZHIQUAN WENG
homework_3_参考答案
Exercise 2Question 2. Computer PurchaseLet us assume that you are purchasing a new computer for a specific usage. You need to choose a computer from various available configurations.Listed below are four different usage cases of a computer (a-d). For each usage case, identify components of the computer configuration that are most important to consider. Explain your answers.Components to be considered include (but are not limited to): ∙Monitor size/resolution∙Graphics card/video card∙Storage devices (for example, DVD-ROM)∙Memory (RAM, cache, and hard disk)∙Disk controller interfaces (ATA, EIDE)For example, if a computer were to be used for viewing movies, a DVD-ROM drive is needed since movies are available as CDs and now increasingly as DVDs. A l arge monitor (about 19”) that supports high resolutions and a video card will also be necessary to enjoy the movie.a. Simultaneously running a number of programsLarge capacity memory (at least 1G ) is needed to stores data and instructions needed to execute programs when a number of programs run. In order to resolve this question, we should select the appropriate processor.T he Intel® Core™ Duo processor with its two execution cores is optimized formulti-threaded applications and multitasking. You can simultaneously run multiple demanding applications, such as 3-D games or serious scientific research programs, while downloading files or runningvirus-scanning security programs in the background.b. Running a speed-critical applicationConsidering system running speed: AMD processor is typically with less cost, sometimes even faster than Intel's products.So the AMD Opteron™ processor is needed. The AMD Opteron processors with Direct Connect Architecture and HyperTransport™ Technology deliver leading-edge 32-bit performance today and enable you to transition to 64-bit computing at your own pace, without sacrificing your x86 technology investment.A mother board with high speed front side bus is neededc. Storing and retrieving huge volumes of dataA large storage hard disk is needed (at least 800G) to store huge volumes of data, at the same time, we should foresee the demand of it.A DVD-RW is needed when you want to store your huge volumes of data in DVD-ROM.A motherboard with EIDE interface can accommodate a total of four devices, maybe you will get up to2 hard disk or more.d. Purchasing a basic configuration, to be upgraded later as neededFor upgrading your system, you must set your system has ability of upgrade and extended. So one good motherboard is needed.The Intel® Desktop Board D975XBX is designed to deliver the best experience for advance d gamers and power-users. Based on the Intel® 975X Express Chipset and Intel® Pentium® processor Extreme Edition, this board has the best performance and the ability of upgraded. The Intel® Desktop BoardD975XBX supports Intel® Viiv™ technology, and comes with the software required to help meet Intel®Viiv™ technology brand verification requirements.Question 3. Laptop Computer SelectionYou are a new graduate student enrolling in a Masters in Information Technology program. The department requires you to have a computer with the following requirements:∙512 MB of RAM∙20 GB hard drive∙CD-ROM drive∙Wireless connection∙Ethernet network card∙Windows XP Professional versionYour school has wireless connection, and Ethernet jacks. However, some classes are three hours long, and your AC adapter may not be long enough to reach an outlet. You also would be carrying this computer around from class to class.The most you can spend is US$1200.Indicate the range of values you desire for each of the following criteria: a. Weightb. Screen sizec. Number of USB portsd. Number of Firewire portse. Need CD-RW?f. Need DVD-ROM?g. Need DVD-RW?h. Manufacturer preferences?i. Search the Internet for two suitable computers meeting the above requirements and your budget constraint. Submit screenshots of the Web pages detailing the computer configuration and price.j. Record your search results in a MS Excel spreadsheet. Fill column A with the following category labels:1. Manufacturer2. Processor3. Memory (maximum upgrade capacity)4. Screen size5. Weight6. Graphics card7. USB8. Firewire9. CD-ROM10. DVD-ROM11. Communications (e.g. wireless, Ethernet)12. Battery life13. Price14. Available RebateSave and submit your Excel file.k. Make your final purchase decision and justify your decision.Unit 1 and Unit 2 Review Materials2. Binarya.Define bit.b.Define byte.c.Fill in the following chart, listing the prefixes used forthe amount of bytes shown:d.Fill in the following chart, converting binary numbers todecimal and decimal numbers to binary:(Note:The numbers that appear in the table below will differon an exam from the numbers that appear on the exam's review sheet.)e.Although in sales literature 1000 bytes and 1024 bytes areboth commonly referred to as a kilobyte, in computing the only correct number of bytes in a kilobyte is1024. Explain why 1024 is correct. Many quantities in binary computers are restricted to powers of 2, and 210 is 1024, which is so close to 1000 that kilo is used informally.f.How can the difference in measuring bytes presented in parte impact a consumer when they are purchasing a hard disk drive?A hard disk drive is typically measured traditionally, in powers of 10. Thereforea gigabyte in a hard disk is 109, not the larger 230. Not knowing this, aconsumer might be surprised that the disk capacity was less than he thought was advertised.3. Component IdentificationChoose among the following components to label the image: MotherboardPower supplyBIOS ROM ChipCooling fanExpansion slotRAM chipExpansion cardDisk drivesChipsetIDE cableEthernet cablePCI busa)Label A is _ Power supply ____.b)Label B is __ Cooling fan ___.c)Label C is _ Expansion slot____.d)Label D is _ Expansion card____.e)Label E is _ Motherboard____.f)Label F is __ Disk drives ___.g)Label G is __ IDE cable ___.Describe the functionality of each of the followingcomponents (in 2 sentences or less):h)Microprocessor: Processes instructions stored in main memoryi)RAM: Stores data and instructions temporarily.j)Bus: Pathway through which data is transferred from one part of a computer to anotherk)Expansion card: Enables a computer to control peripheral devices such as the monitor and the microphonel)Disk drive: Stores data permanently (even after the computer is turned off).m)IDE cable: Transfers data from storage devices to the motherboard8. I/Oa.Define I/O device. An I/O device, or input/output device, provides the userwith ways of giving the processor data to process and ways of receivingprocessed datab.Consider that a computer requires I/O devices to be able tointeract with its environment. Explain why it is necessaryfor computers to have these devices. The basic definition of acomputer includes input and output. These devices are necessary for thecomputer to exist. Differing I/O devices allow alternate input and output, butminimally the computer needs at least one of eachc.Give four examples of I/O devices. [Choose from] Keyboard; monitor;tape backup drive; scanner; microphone; speakers; CD writer; …d.For each I/O device in your answer to part c, explain thedevice's function from the perspective of a user.i.A keyboard provides data to a computer, to direct its behavior or supplyinformation for processing (name, address telephone number).ii.A monitor displays to the user the status and results of work performed by the computer.iii.A tape backup drive receives a copy of information stored on hard disk drives, and can later supply information to be stored on that hard disk drivein case the disk drive crashes or a file is accidentally deleted.iv.A scanner translates a picture or document to a bitmap image that can be processed by a computer, or included in other work like a web page orWord documentv.A microphone translates speech or music into digital from that can be processed by the computer.12. Picture Qualitya.Explain resolution, with respect to a monitor.Number of pixels on the screenb.List two typical monitor resolutions.1024x768, as an example.640x480, as an example.c.Explain color depth, with respect to a monitor.Maximum number of colors on the screen at one time.d.List two typical monitor color depths.16 bit, as an example.24 bit, as an example.e.Consider that the higher the resolution and the higher thecolor depth, the more system resources are required todisplay output on the monitor.e the resolutions from part b and the color depthsfrom part d to calculate the amount of RAM required todisplay the image. 1024x768x24/8=2.25MB, as an example.ii.Explain the calculation you made in part e.i in a waythat confirms the statement made at the beginning ofpart e—that "the higher the resolution and the higherthe color depth, the more system resources are requiredto display output on the monitor." The calculations in partE.i demonstrate that by increasing either the resolution or the color depththat the amount of memory required will increase, demonstrating thatmore system resources (RAM) are required.13. Port IdentificationConsider the following devices:MousePrinterKeyboardModemSpeakerDigital cameraEthernet jackMonitorFor the following questions, indicate which device(s) should be plugged in which port(s) A-H shown in the diagram below.f.What device(s) can be plugged into port A? Keyboard or mousei.What is the name of this port? PS/2 portii.Is this a serial port or parallel port? Serialg.What device(s) can be plugged into port B? Digital camera, keyboard,mouse, printer, external storage, network adapter, etci.What is the name of this port? USB portii.Is this a serial port or parallel port? Serialh.What device(s) can be plugged into port C? Modem or mousei.What is the name of this port? DB-9 (serial) portii.Is this a serial port or parallel port? Seriali.What device(s) can be plugged into port D? Printeri.What is the name of this port? Parallel (printer) portii.Is this a serial port or parallel port? Parallelj.What device(s) can be plugged into port E? Speakerk.What device(s) can be plugged into port F? Monitorl.What device(s) can be plugged into port G? Phone linem.What device(s) can be plugged into port H? Ethernet network。
Homework1实验班
Homework1实验班Homework 1Due in class 10-12-091) What do you think are the defining characteristics of a science? Does the study of the economy have these characteristics? Do you think macroeconomics should be called a science? Why or why not?2) Suppose a woman marries her butler. After they are married, her husband continues to wait on her as before, and she continues to support him as before (but as a husband rather than as an employee). How does the marriage affect GDP? How should it affect GDP?3) A farmer grows a bushel of wheat and sells it to a miller for $1.00. The miller turns the wheat into flour and then sells the flour to a baker for $3.00. The baker uses the flour to make bread and sells the bread to an engineer for $7.00. The engineer eats the bread. What is the value added by each person? What is GDP?4) Find data on China’s GDP and its components, and compute the percentage of GDP for the following components for 1980, and the most recent year available.a. Personal consumption expendituresb. Gross private domestic investmentc. Government purchasesd. Net exportse. National defense purchasesg. ImportsDo you see any stable relationships in the data?5) For each of the transactions listed below, state whether or not it would affect U.S.GDP, and state which of the following national income accounting categories it would enter: consumption, investment, government purchases, net exports.a) Boeing (a U.S. company) sells an airplane to United Airlines (another U.S. company).b) Boeing sells an airplane to the U.S. Air Force.c) Boeing sells an airplane to Donald Trump (a U.S. citizen) for his personal use.d) U.S. Steel Inc. sells steel to Boeing to produce airplanes.e) Airbus Europe (NOT a U.S. company) sells an airplane to American Airlines.f) Boeing builds an airplane to be sold next year.6) Consider an economy that produces and consumes bread and automobiles. In the following table are data for two different years.a) Using the year 2000 as the base year, compute the following statistics for each year: nominal GDP, real GDP, the implicit price deflator for GDP, and a fixed-weight price index such as the CPI.b) How much have prices risen between 2000 and 2010? Compare the answers given by the Laspeyres and Paasche price indexes. Explain the difference.c) Suppose you are a senator writing a bill to index Social Security and federal pensions. That is, your bill will adjust these benefits to offset changes in the cost of living. Will you use the GDP deflator or the CPI? Why?7) In a speech that Senator Robert Kennedy gave when he was running for president in 1968, he said the following aboutGDP:[It] does not allow for the health of our children, the quality of their education, or the joy of their play. It does not include the beauty of our poetry or the strength of our marriages, theintelligence of our public debate or the integrity of our publicofficials. It measures neither our courage, nor our wisdom, nor ourdevotion to our country. It measures everything, in short, except thatwhich makes life worthwhile, and it can tell us everything aboutAmerica except why we are proud that we are Americans.Was Robert Kennedy right? If so, why do we care about GDP?。
Homework 7
STAT 401-D Homework 7 DUE 15NOV1.Two independent random samples with 100 observations each are chosen from twopopulations with the following means and standard deviations:Let x1 and x2 denote the two sample means.(a)(Worth 1-point) What is the mean and standard error of the sampling distribution forx1?(b)(Worth 1-point) What is the mean and standard error of the sampling distribution forx2?(c)(Worth 2-points) Suppose you were asked to calculate the difference (x1 - x2)between the sample means. Find the mean and standard error of the samplingdistribution of (x1 - x2).(d)(Worth 1-point) What distribution will the statistic (x1 - x2) follow? Explain.2.(Each worth 1-point) In the following situations determine which of the followingstatistical procedures is appropriate. Fill in the blank with the letter of the correctprocures where the procedures are:A: Kruskal-Wallis test B: One sample t-test C: Matched pairs t-testD: Two sample t-test E: One proportion z-test F: Two proportion z-test(a)____ A public policy analyst conducts an analysis to determine if the incidence ofhungry children was consistent in two schools located in low-income areas for thesame city. Of the 80 randomly sampled students in school A, 18 did not havebreakfast before school while for the 180 randomly sampled students at school B, 13did not have breakfast before school(b)____ A company claims its test preparation materials increase SAT scores by anaverage of 50 points for those who use these materials.(c)____ An intern conducts a telephone survey to gauge the support for an incumbentsenator in order to help decide whether or not to seek reelection.(d)____ A medical researcher wishes to examine the effectiveness of a new cholesterollowering drug on LDL cholesterol levels. Half of the subjects in an experimentreceive the new drug and the other half receives a placebo. After one month theresearcher measures the change in cholesterol levels.(e)____ The medical researcher in the study mentioned above (2d) determines that theresponse variable (i.e., change in cholesterol levels) in her study has a non-normaldistribution for both treatment levels (drug vs. placebo).3.Select 2 variables from the World Values Survey 2005 dataset or from the dataset youwill be using for your final project. Select one of those variables to be a responsevariable (i.e., dependent variable) that is either a continuous variable (i.e., quantitative) or is measured on a 10-point ordinal scale [In the WVS2005, the following variables can be considered as possible response variables: V22, V46-47, V68, V91-95, V114,V116-V123, V152-V163, V178.The other variable will be your treatment factor. It will need to be either categorical(i.e., gender) or ordinal.(a)(Worth 5-points) Using these two variables as your response variable and treatmentvariable, respectively, conduct a One-way ANOVA analysis in either SAS, SPSS orsome other software of choice and complete the following study description andANOVA table (You do not need to attach the SAS or SPSS output to this homework assignment):(b)(Worth 1-point) State the null and alternative hypotheses:(c)(Worth 4-points) At the α = 0.05 level of significance, interpret the F-statistic in yourANOVA model and what it implies regarding the relationship between your response variable and the treatment variable.4.(Extra Credit – Worth 4 points) Along with the two variables you selected in Question 3,select a second treatment variable (i.e., independent variable) that again will need to be either a categorical or ordinal variable.(a)Using the same response and treatment variables from Question 3, conduct aTwo-way ANOVA analysis in either SAS, SPSS or some other software of choiceand complete the following study description and ANOVA table (You do notneed to attach the SAS or SPSS output to this homework assignment):(d)State the null and alternative hypotheses for both treatment variables:(e)At the α = 0.05 level of significance, interpret the F-statistics in your ANOVA modeland what it implies regarding the relationship between your response variable and each of the treatment variables.。
homework1
Homework Set1Xiuli SunDue on:November2/3,2016October19,20161.Let kids denote the number of children ever born to a woman,and let educdenote years of education for the woman.A simple model relating fertility to years of education iskids=β0+β1educ+uwhere u is the unobserved error.(i)What kinds of factors are contained in u?Are these likely to be correlatedwith level of education?(ii)Will a simple regression analysis uncover the ceteris paribus effect of edu-cation on fertility?Explain.Note:Cateris paribus means other(relevant)factors being equal”.2.The following table contains the ACT scores and the GP A(grade point average)for eight college students.Grade point average is based on a four-point scale and has been rounded to one digit after the decimal.Student GPA ACT1 2.8212 3.4243 3.0264 3.5275 3.6296 3.0257 2.7258 3.730(i)Estimate the relationship between GP A and ACT using OLS;that is,obtainthe intercept and slope estimates in the equationˆGP A=ˆβ0+ˆβ1ACTComment on the direction of the relationship.Does the intercept have a useful interpretation here?Explain.How much higher is the GP A predicted to be if the ACT score is increased byfive points?(ii)Compute thefitted values and residuals for each observation,and verify that the residuals(approximately)sum to zero.(iii)What is the predicted value of GP A when ACT=20?(iv)How much of the variation in GP A for these eight students is explained by ACT?Explain.ing data from1988for houses sold in Andover,Massachusetts,from Kieland McClain(1995),the following equation relates housing price(price)to the distance from a recently built garbage incinerator(dist):ˆlog(price)=9.40+0.312log(dist)n=135R2=0.162(i)Interpret the coefficient on log(dist).Is the sign of this estimate what youexpect it to be?(ii)Do you think simple regression provides an unbiased estimator of the ceteris paribus elasticity of price with respect to dist?(Think about the citys decision on where to put the incinerator.)(iii)What other factors about a house affect its price?Might these be correlated with distance from the incinerator?4.Consider the savings functionsav=β0+β1inc+u,u=√·ewhere e is a random variable with E(e)=0and V ar(e)=σ2e .Assume that eis independent of inc.(i)Show that E(u|inc)=0,so that the key zero conditional mean assumption is satisfied.[Hint:If e is independent of inc,then E(e|inc)=E(e).](ii)Show that V ar (u |inc )=σ2e inc ,so that the homoskedasticity Assumptionis violated.In particular,the variance of sav increases with inc .[Hint:V ar (e |inc )=V ar (e ),if e and inc are independent.](iii)Provide a discussion that supports the assumption that the variance of savings increases with family income.5.Consider the standard simple regression model y =β0+β1x +u under the classical OLS assumptions.The usual OLS estimators ˆβ0and ˆβ1are unbiased for their respective population parameters.Let ˜β1be the estimator of β1obtained by assuming the intercept is zero.(i)Find E (˜β1)in terms of the x i ,β0,and β1.Verify that ˜β1is unbiased for β1when the population intercept (β0)is zero.Are there other cases where ˜β1is unbiased?(ii)Find the variance of ˜β1.(Hint:The variance does not depend on β0.)(iii)Show that V ar (˜β1)≤V ar (ˆβ1)).[Hint:For any sample of data,∑n i =1x 2i ≥∑n i =1(x i −¯x)2,with strict inequality unless ¯x =0.](iv)Comment on the tradeoffbetween bias and variance when choosing between ˆβ1and ˜β1.6.Let ˆβ0and ˆβ1be the OLS intercept and slope estimators,respectively,and let ¯u be the sample average of the errors (not the residuals!).(i)Show that ˆβ1can be written as ˆβ1=β1+∑n i =1w i u i where w i =d i /SST x and d i =x i −¯x .(ii)Use part (i),along with ∑n i =1w i =0,to show that ˆβ1and ¯uare uncorrelated.[Hint:You are being asked to show that E [(ˆβ1−β1)·¯u ]=0.](iii)Show that ˆβ0can be written as ˆβ0=β0+¯u −(ˆβ1−β1)¯x .(iv)Use parts (ii)and (iii)to show that V ar (ˆβ0)=σ2/n +σ2(¯x )2/SST x .e the data in SLEEP75.RAW from Biddle and Hamermesh (1990)to studywhether there is a tradeoffbetween the time spent sleeping per week and the time spent in paid work.We could use either variable as the dependent variable.For concreteness,estimate the modelsleep =β0+β1totwrk +uwhere sleep is minutes spent sleeping at night per week and totwrk is total minutes worked during the week.(i)Report your results in equation form along with the number of observationsand R2.What does the intercept in this equation mean?(ii)If totwrk increases by2hours,by how much is sleep estimated to fall?Do youfind this to be a large effect?8.We used the data in MEAP93.RAW.Now we want to explore the relationshipbetween the math pass rate(math10)and spending per student(expend).(i)Do you think each additional dollar spent has the same effect on the passrate,or does a diminishing effect seem more appropriate?Explain.(ii)In the population modelmath10=β0+β1log(expend)+uargue thatβ1/10is the percentage point change in math10given a10%increase in expend.(iii)Use the data in MEAP93.RAW to estimate the model from part(ii).Report the estimated equation in the usual way,including the sample size and R-squared.(iv)How big is the estimated spending effect?Namely,if spending increases by10%,what is the estimated percentage point increase in math10?(v)One might worry that regression analysis can producefitted values for math10that are greater than100.Why is this not much of a worry in this data set?e the data in WAGE2.RAW to estimate a simple regression explaining monthlysalary(wage)in terms of IQ score(IQ).(i)Find the average salary and average IQ in the sample.What is the samplestandard deviation of IQ?(IQ scores are standardized so that the average in the population is100with a standard deviation equal to15.)(ii)Estimate a simple regression model where a one-point increase in IQ changes wage by a constant dollar e this model tofind the predicted increase in wage for an increase in IQ of15points.Does IQ explain most of the variation in wage?(iii)Now,estimate a model where each one-point increase in IQ has the same percentage effect on wage.If IQ increases by15points,what is the approximate percentage increase in predicted wage?10.Textbook:Problems:2.8,2.9,2.10;Computer Exercises:2.2,2.3,2.5,2.6。
Homework 5(参考译文)
• 7. 艰苦奋斗的精神要贯彻始终。 • The spirit of plain living and hard struggle must be carried through. • 参考译文:………must be promoted / fostered. • 8. 你放心，我死也不会说出去的。 • Set your heat at rest. I won't tell anybody even if I died. • 参考译文:I would die before I…
• 2. 我们要把改革开放提高到一个新水平。 • We must raise our reform and opening up policy to a new level. • 参考译文: We must do better / do a better job in reform and opening up. • We must step up our efforts to … • We should open the country wider and strive for fuller implementation of thee …
• 3. 她有好几分钟说不话出来。 • She could not say any words for several minutes. • 参考译文:She was speechless for… • Several minutes passed before she found her tongue again.
II. Translate the following sentences into English. Pay attention to the words in bold.
homework
1.HOW DOES OUR LANGUAGE SHAPE THE WAY WE THINK?Question 1.Boroditsky‟s research report gives us a lot evidence on how languages shape the way people think about space, time, colors, and objects. As an ESL learner, does English language, in some way, subconsciously change the way of your thinking? Please give a narration of the experience with examples.Answer: as an ESL learner, English language, in some way, subconsciously change the way of my thinking. In Chinese, when people describe one thing, at first, they will say some words to describe it, and then tell others what it is. But in English language, people usually say the thing what it is at first, and then describe it. For example, cake is described by Chinese as “put flour and eggs in the water, then stir it, finally bake it, we can get this kind of food, we call it cake. But English define it :a kind of food baked with flour，eggs and water.Now, I will talk about my experience. One day, I was writing my diary, I said, “today‟s moon is very beautiful, many stars are around it.” I found, at first, I tell an object, and then I describe it. The order is totally different with Chinese; I think English is changing my way of thinking. There is another experience, once, I and my friend walk on the street, and we saw an old lady has only one leg. I said to my friend, “look that poor lady, she just have one leg.” Then I realized that I say that words in English thinking model. In English, people emphasize “have”, but in Chinese, people emphasize “lose”, they will say “The old lady lost one leg”. So, I think English language, in some way, subconsciously change the way of my thinking.nguage and ThoughtQuestion: 1. what is the main difference between the way animals think and the way humans think? How has that changed human mental function at an organic level? Please explain in details with examples.Answer: In my opinion, the main difference between the way animals think and the way humans think is language. Language is the most important thing of the way of thinking. We cannot say that animals have no thought, sometimes, animals‟ thought level will beyond our expectation. Here is the thing, animals have their own thoughts, but they cannot say that like humans. For example, a scientist ever has put a chimpanzee in a human environment, educate it like a baby, but, finally, the chimpanzee never know how to talk. The experience proves that human and animals have different brain structure, so we cannot teach animals to talk, language is the unique gift for human.Animals just think at things, but human think about things. The conception is very important. Sometimes, people and animals have some common features. For example, we all know that people often do something on purpose for a special reason. But so do animals. In ocean pavilion, some times, people demand dolphins to do some performances; the dolphins will act in a wrong way on purpose, because they want to attract others‟ attention. But the deliberate is different from humans‟, whether form a conception is the key.But how has that changed human mental function at an organic level? Language is very important for human; it will help people develop their mental function. Each language like a lens, we look the world through it. If a person still wear a pink lens since he has born, then he will think that the world in pink. It is the same with language, if a person can only speak one kind of language, then he will not know the whole world, he will never realized what he know is just a portion of the world.Language will help us get rid of rely on the surrounding environment. For example, if we want someone pick an apple, we can say, “Wh ich one would you like, the bigger one or the small one?” Instead of hold the two apples, and ask, “you want this or that?”human‟s thought activity need rely on an intermediary agent, and language is one of the most important intermediary agents in humans‟ thought activity. So, more languages we know more completely mental function we have.3. The MouthQuestion: 2. Why are mouths more useful in expressing human ideas?Answer: if we suppose our head is a house, then mouth is the door. Door is the important administration; a house without door is useless. Firstly, mouths can help people express their feelings or emotions. For example, if one pout his lips, then he is angry; if one open his mouth, then he may be cry or laugh, if one make his mouth like the half moon, then his heart must be full of honey. So we can find out different people…s moods from their mouths.Secondly, mouth is the organ, which helps us talk. With mouth, we can talk with others, share our ideas. Obviously, to know one‟s ideas, no way is better than we speak out ourselves‟ ideas. Of course, we should pay attention to how to express our ideas with mouth. For example, the author said in the essay, if one is laugh, but he expose his lower teeth, then people maybe think he is a hypocritical person. Most people never note that, but that action will appear in nature. So people‟s mouths usually express their ideas more truly. All in all, mouth is a important organ to human, it is more useful in expressing human ideas.。
第二次翻译练习Homework
Homework翻译练习21.Clearly a tug of war over key policies continues between the pragmatic and ideological camps.2. She scolded her maid and was as cross as two sticks.3. The senator picked up his hat and courage.4. I read this letter with both surprise and excitement, surprise because he is still around, excitement because he didn’t ever forget me.5. I want a worker, not a clock watcher. Don’t you understand?6. A good teacher should have his head in the clouds sometimes, but his feet always on the ground.7. Everybody said how well the new Secretary was doing, but old Mr. Carr said shortly, “Yes. New brooms sweep clean.”8. World-famous for his works he was never personally well known, for throughout his life he avoided publicity.9. He wants a lawyer who understands his case, who sympathizes with him and who has been there himself.10. Because of limited insurance coverage, many people will have to look to their own resources -- both emotional and financial -- to care for aninfirm or recovering relative at home.11. The history of a tree from the time it starts in the forest until the boards which it yields are used, would form an interesting and, in many instances, an exciting story.12. I can see three different types of composers in musical history, each of whom creates music in a somewhat different fashion.13. To petrol we owe the existence of the motor-car, which has replaced the private carriage drawn by the horse. To petrol we owe the possibility of flying.参考译文：1.Clearly a tug of war over key policies continues between the pragmatic and ideological camps.不言而喻,注重务实的和强调意识形态的两大营垒还会在重大政策上争吵不休.tug of war 本意为"拔河", 在此处为比喻用法, 指"双方势均力敌,争吵不休", 直译显然不妥, 故采用释义法.)2. She scolded her maid and was as cross as two sticks.她骂斥自己的女仆，而且脾气非常不好。
Homework Assignment – Week 1 - Answers
Homework Assignment – Week 1Chapter 11-Why are financial markets important to the health of the economy?Because they channel funds from those who do not have a productiveuse for them to those who do, thereby resulting in higher economicefficiency.2-When interest rates rise, how might businesses and consumers change their economic behavior?Businesses would cut investment spending because the cost offinancing this spending is now higher, and consumers would be lesslikely to purchase a house or a car because the cost of financing theirpurchase is higher.3-How can a change in interest rates affect the profitability of financial institutions?A change in interest rates affects the cost of acquiring funds forfinancial institution as well as changes the income on assets such asloans, both of which affect profits. In addition, changes in interestrates affect the price of assets such as stock and bonds that thefinancial institution owns that can lead to profits or losses.4-Is everybody worse off when interest rates rise?No. People who borrow to purchase a house or a car are worse offbecause it costs them more to finance their purchase; however, saversbenefit because they can earn higher interest rates on their savings.5-What effect might a fall in stock prices have on business investment?The lower price for a firm’s shares means that it can raise a smalleramount of funds, and so investment in plant and equipment will fall.6-What effect might a rise in stock prices have on consumers’ de cisions to spend?Highe r stock prices mean that consumers’ wealth is higher and sothey will be more likely to increase their spending.7-How does a decline in the value of pound sterling affect British consumers?It makes foreign goods more expensive and so British consumers willbuy less foreign goods and more domestic goods.8-How does an increase in the value of the pound sterling affect American businesses?It makes British goods more expensive relative to American goods.American businesses will find it easier to sell their goods in the UnitedStates and abroad, and the demand for their products will rise. If,however, an American business depends on supplies/parts fromBritish companies these products will increase their costs.9-How can changes in foreign exchange rates affect the profitability of financial institutions?Changes in foreign exchange rates change the value of assets held byfinancial institutions and thus lead to gains and losses on these assets.Also changes in foreign exchange rates affect the profits made bytraders in foreign exchange who work for financial institutions.10-U sing find a chart of the US dollar vs. British Pound exchange rate for the past 5 years. In what year would an American have found it cheapest to visit London? In what year would an English citizenhave found it cheapest to visit the Grand Canyon?The exchange rate chart can be found at:/quote/GBPUSD:CUR/chart. The Poundwas the weakest in 2009 and this would have been the cheapest timefor an American to visit London. The Pound was strongest inNovember 2007 and this would have been the time when an EnglishCitizen would have found the US the cheapest.11-W hat is the basic activity of banks?Banks accept deposits and then use the resulting funds to make loans. 12-W hat are other important financial intermediaries in the economy besides banks?Savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, credit unions,insurance companies, mutual funds, pension funds, and financecompanies13-C an you think of any financial innovation in the past 10 years that has affected you personally? Has it made you better or worse off? In what way? 14-W hat types of risks do financial institutions face?The profitability of financial institutions is affected by changes ininterest rates, stock prices, and foreign exchange rates; fluctuations inthese variables expose these institutions to risk. Financial institutionsalso face credit risk to counterparties with whom the trade and clientsto whom they lend.15-W hy do managers of financial institutions care so much about the activities of the Federal Reserve System?Because the actions of the Federal Reserve affects interest rates,inflation, and business cycles, all of which have an important impacton the profitability of financial institutions.16-The following table lists foreign exchange rates between U.S. dollars andBritish pounds during April:Date U.S.Dollarsper GBP Date U.S.Dollarsper GBP4/1 1.9564 4/18 1.7504 4/4 1.9293 4/19 1.7255 4/5 1.914 4/20 1.6914 4/6 1.9374 4/21 1.672 4/7 1.961 4/22 1.66844/8 1.8925 4/25 1.66744/11 1.8822 4/26 1.68574/12 1.8558 4/27 1.69254/13 1.796 4/28 1.72014/14 1.7902 4/29 1.75124/15 1.7785Which day would have been the best day to convert $200 into British pounds? The best day is 4/25. At a rate of $1.6674/pound, you would have£119.95.Which day would have been the worst day? What would be the difference in pounds? The worst day is 4/7. At $1.961/pound, you wouldhave £101.99, or a difference of £17.96.Chapter 21.Why is a share of Microsoft common stock an asset for its owner and aliability for Microsoft?The share of Microsoft stock is an asset for its owner because itentitles the owner to a share of the earnings and assets of Microsoft.The share is a liability for Microsoft because it is a claim on itsearnings and assets by the owner of the share.2.If I can buy a car today for $5,000 and it is worth $10,000 in extra incomenext year to me because it enables me to get a job as a traveling anvil sellershould I take out a loan from Larry the loan shark at 90% interest rate if noone else will give me a loan? Will I be better or worse off as a result of taking out this loan? Can you make a case for legalizing loan-sharking?Yes, I should take out the loan, because I will be better off as a result ofdoing so. My interest payment will be $4,500 (90% of $5,000), but as aresult, I will earn an additional $10,000, so I will be ahead of the gameby $500. Since Larry’s loan-sharking business can make some peoplebetter off, as in this example, loan sharking may have social benefits.(One argument against legalizing loan sharking, however, is that it isfrequently a violent activity.)3.Some economists suspect that one of the reasons that economies indeveloping countries grow so slowly is that they do not have well-developed financial markets. Does this argument make sense?Yes, because the absence of financial markets means that funds cannotbe channeled to people who have the most productive use for them.Entrepreneurs then cannot acquire funds to set up businesses thatwould help the economy grow.4.“Because corporations do not actually raise any funds in secondary markets,they are less important to the economy th an primary markets.” Comment.This statement is false. Prices in secondary markets determine theprices that firms issuing securities receive in primary markets. Inaddition, secondary markets make securities more liquid and thuseasier to sell in the primary markets. Therefore, secondary marketsare, if anything, more important than primary markets.5.If you suspect that a company will go bankrupt next year, which would yourather hold, bonds issued by the company or equities issued by the company?Why?You would rather hold bonds, because bondholders are paid offbefore equity holders, who are the residual claimants.6.How can the adverse selection problem explain why you are more likely tomake a loan to a family member than to a stranger?Because you know your family member better than a stranger, youknow more about the borrower’s honesty, propensity for risk taking,and other traits. There is less asymmetric information than witha stranger and less likelihood of an adverse selection problem, withthe result that you are more likely to lend to the family member.7.Think of one example in which you have had to deal with the adverseselection problem.8.Why do loan sharks worry less about moral hazard in connection with theirborrowers than some other lenders do?Loan sharks can threaten their borrowers with bodily harm ifborrowers take actions that might jeopardize paying off the loan.Hence borrowers from a loan shark are less likely to engage inmoral hazard.9.If you are an employer, what kinds of moral hazard problems might youworry about with your employees?You would be concerned that they would carry out theirresponsibilities – removing a poorly performing employee is anexpensive endeavor. They might steal or commit fraud.10.If there were no asymmetry in the information that a borrower and a lenderhad, could there still be a moral hazard problem?Yes, because even if you know that a borrower is taking actions thatmight jeopardize paying off the loan, you must still stop the borrowerfrom doing so. Because that may be costly, you may not spend thetime and effort to reduce moral hazard, and so moral hazard remainsa problem.11.“In a world without information and transaction costs, financialintermediaries would not exist.” Is this statement true, false or un certain?Explain your answer.By looking at the three reasons for financial intermediaries to existone can see that this deals with the transaction costs and adverseselection issues. Risk sharing may still be an issue. A small investormay not be able to build a well-diversified portfolio and thus afinancial intermediary may be necessary to construct this for him.12.Why might you be willing to make a loan to your neighbor by putting funds ina savings account earning a 5% interest rate at the bank and having the banklend her the funds at a 10% interest rate rather than lend her the fundsyourself?Because the costs of making the loan to your neighbor are high (legalfees, fees for a credit check, and so on), you will probably not be ableto earn 5% on the loan after your expenses even though it has a 10%interest rate. You are better off depositing your savings with afinancial intermediary and earning 5% interest. In addition, you arelikely to bear less risk by depositing your savings at the bank ratherthan lending them to your neighbor.13.How does risk sharing benefit both financial intermediaries and privateinvestors?Risk sharing benefits financial intermediaries because they are able toearn a spread between the returns they earn on risky assets and theyreturns they pay on the less-risky assets they sell. Investors benefitbecause they are able to invest in a better diversified portfolio thenwould otherwise be available.14.Discuss some of the manifestations of the globalization of world capitalmarkets.Increasing globalization of financial intermediaries such as banks andother institutions. Interconnectedness of financial markets such asstock markets etc (one can observe a high degree of correlationbetween these). Also disruption in a major foreign market can causedisruption in the US and vice versa.Extra Questions:•Think about investments on .–Quite a bit of information can be found either on the website or in the prospectus -/Downloads/Legal/Prosper_Prospectus_2012-07-19.pdf–What potential returns are described on the website?–Returns range from 5.24% for AA rated borrowers to 14.75% for HR rated borrowers. Lending is for periods of 1, 3 or 5 years with only 3years being available to HR.–What are the significant risks to investing?–’s prospectus from pages 22-45 lists many different risks.Here are several - there is interest rate risk. If you lend at 7% andinterest rates go to 10% then on a present value basis you will havelost money. There is credit risk – first you are lending on anunsecured basis, second it is not clear what happens to your loan if goes under. There is asymmetric information risk – theinformation that the borrower gives to take out the loan is not verified.There is liquidity risk. There is a secondary market but it is not clearwhether it is liquid. There is also prepayment risk – the risk that aborrower pays back the loan early. To think about this risk imaginethat you have lent money at 10% and then interest rates fall to 5%halfway through the life of the loan. If the borrower prepays the loanthen you will only be able to reinvest the money at a similar yield bytaking on additional risk.–When investing through the website what does one buy?–An investor is buying a “Borrower Payment Dependent Note.” This information can be found in the prospectus. will issuethe notes–On the website are large numbers of borrowers seeking funds. What alternatives might these borrowers have for raising funds? Whatreasons might drive them to raise funds here over those alternatives?–Several main alternatives to would be other peer-2-peer lending sites, banks, credit unions and other retail based depositoryinstitutions and credit cards. A rational borrower would investigateall of these options as well as for raising funds for theirpurposes. With this assumption it could be that funds are moreexpensive or unavailable through these other sources or that is a cheaper source of funds than these other sources.–Is there a secondary market for an investment on ? How does it work?–Yes, advertises a service they call FOLIO in which one can list notes that you own and want to sell.•On the website look up information about the fund VFISX. Within the summary prospectus find:–Over the past 10 years what are the max and min annual return for this fund?–Max is 7.89% in 2007 and min is 1.03% in 2004.–What are the significant risks for investing in this fund?–Income risk – the risk that changes in market rates will reduce the income available to the fund. Interest rate risk – this risk that changesin interest rates will cause bonds held in the fund to change in value.Manager risk – the risk that poor security selection on the part of themanager will cause poor investment returns relative to otherpotential investments.。
homework4,词汇1
1. You should be able to ______right from wrong.A. perceiveB. distinguishC. sightD. observe2. Any student who ______his homework is unlikely to pass the examination.A. reducesB. offendsC. practicesD. neglects3. I promise to look _____the matter as soon as I got there.A. forB. inC. intoD. after4. Your sister has made an _____for you to see the dentist at 3 this afternoon.A. appointmentB. interviewC. opportunityD. assignment5. The committee is expected to _____a decision this evening.A. reachB. arriveC. bringD. take6. He spoke so quickly that I didn’t ______what he said.A. make forB. make sureC. make outD. make over•7. I wrote it down _____I should forget it.• A. in case B. in case of• C. in order that D. for fear of•8.It is not that I don’t like plays. The reason why I didn’t go to the theatre last night was that I could not _____the time.• A. offer B. leave C. afford D. manage•9.After a three-hour heated discussion , all the members in the juryreached the conclusions that the man was ______of murder.• A. criminal B. charged C. guilty D. faulty•10. Having finished the letter, he _____it carefully and sealed the envelop with a kiss.• A. folded B. bent C. turned D. curved•11.William has cut his smoking _____to five cigarettes a day.• A. down B. in C. off D. out•12.Professor Smith is always very _____to the reaction of the audience when he gives lectures.• A. sentimental B. sensitive• C. sensible D. positive•13. He has lived here for years _____nobody knows what he is. • A. and but B. though• C. and yet D. for all that•14. I am very disappointed ______the results of the experiment. • A. from B. for C. to D. with•15. The manager of the company sent me a fax saying that he would visit us _______next spring.• A. some time B. sometime• C. sometimes D. some times•16. His few personal belongings made it possible for him to move from place to place ________.• A. in ease B. at ease C. with ease• D. with easiness•17.The boy has performed excellently _______he was bit nervous. • A. in that B. except that• C. for that D. except for•18. We all feel sorry for ________for so long after your arrival. • A. keep you waiting B. having kept you waiting C. waiting for you D. keep you wait•19.All my neighbors tried to help in some way . But they turned out to be actually _____the way.• A. in B. on C. with D. beyond•20.At that time, the poor girl can’t but _______all her belongings at a low price.• A. to sell B. sell C. selling D. sold•21. _____is known to all , too much smoking will cause lung cancer.• A. That B. It C. As D. What•22.The shortage of energy is getting worse, it ____an immediate solution.• A. calls for B. calls off C. calls up D. calls at•23.The teacher spoke so fast that it was hard for the students to _____what he was saying.• A. take in B. take out• C. take up D. take over•24. I think I will do it myself ____asking him for help.• A. rather than B. other than• C. instead of D. in place of•25.I am considering _______my job as I’m not getting on well with my boss.• A. changing B. to change• C. changed D. to be changed•26. It’s so hot. You should put the food into the refrigerator now. Otherwise, it will _____ soon.• A. harm B. hurt C. spoil D. damage•27.Peter, whom everyone suspected, ______to be innocent.• A. turned out B. turned off• C. turned up D. turned over•28. All the arrangements should have been completed prior ____our departure.• A. in B. to C. by D. before•29. I would have joined him in a picnic, but I ______his company.• A. will not like B. don’t like• C. had not liked D. might not like•30.Yesterday Mr. Smith gave a vivid ______of his recent visit to China.• A. dialogue B. idea C. tale D. account31.As they are retired. Mr. and Mrs. Scott prefer a house in the country to__________ their remaining years there.• A .spend B. spending C. spent D. spends•。
Homework3
Homework 3Due Date: Oct-26/27-2017I.Multiple Choice Questions1.Which of the following might explain why farm revenues are higher in years of lower production due to bad weather?A)Demand is more elastic than supply.B)Supply is perfectly elastic.C)Demand is relatively inelastic; a leftward shift in supply will increase total revenue.D)Supply is relatively inelastic; a leftward shift in supply will increase total revenue.E)None of the above.2.A)A, B, C.B)B, C, A.C)B, A, C.D)C, A, B.E)none of the above.3.Rank the points A, B and C on the demand curve in the figure below in order of greatest to least elasticity of demand.A)C, A, B.B)B, A, C.C)A, B, C.D)They are of equal elasticity.E)More information is needed.4.The government has declared that they will purchase every bushel of wheat you can produce, at the price of $15 per bushel. Which of the diagrams shows the government’s demand curve?A)a.B)b.C)c.D)d.E)None of these diagrams.5.A)supply is perfectly price elastic.B)demand is perfectly price elastic.C)demand is more price elastic than supply.D)supply is price inelastic and demand is price elastic.E)none of the above.6.A)demand for corn is elastic.B)demand for corn is inelastic.C)demand for corn is unit elastic.D)corn has lots of substitutes.7.Given the supply and demand curves shown in the figure below, a $1 tax on sales should be expected to cause:A)price to increase by $1 with quantity unchanged.B)quantity to fall with price left unchanged.C)no change in either price or quantity.D)price to rise and quantity to fall.E)quantity to increase with price left unchanged.8.Consider the following quotation: "Price adjustments serve to keep the quantities supplied and demanded equal. If, at some initial price, there is excess demand, then the price will rise. The price increase has two effects: it tends to shift the demand curve down because people are willing to buy a smaller quantity at a higher price, and it tends to shift the supply curve up because producers find it profitable to produce a greater output at a higher price. The price will adjust until there is no excess demand."A)The analysis in the quotation is correct.B)The quotation confuses shifts in curves with movements along the curve.C)D)The quotation would be correct if "excess supply" were substituted for "excessdemand."E)None of the above.9.A)the railroad felt that the demand for passenger service was elastic and the opponents of the rate increase felt it was inelastic.B)t he railroad felt that the demand for passenger service was inelastic and the opponents of the rate increase felt it was elastic.C)both groups felt that the demand was inelastic but for different reasons.D)both groups felt that the demand was elastic but for different reasons.E)both groups felt that the demand was inelastic for the same reason.10.A price subsidy of 20 cents per gallon on milk (which does not have a perfectly inelastic demand curve) will result in a:A)change in consumer tastes.B)decrease in the equilibrium price of 20 cents per gallon.C)decrease in the equilibrium price of less than 20 cents per gallon.D)decrease in the equilibrium price of more than 20 cents per gallon.11.A "production function" is the name for:A)a working part.B)a relationship between inputs and output.C)technological change.D)all of the above.E)none of the above.12.The marginal product of labor is the:A)output which it could produce unaided by machinery or other factors of production.B)extra revenue which a firm will get by selling the output of one additional worker.C)a mount of extra output that is produced when one extra worker is added to a fixed amount of other factors.D)amount of extra output that is produced when one worker is added and other factors of production are increased proportionately.E)none of the above.13.The law of diminishing marginal returns shows us which of the following:A)the marginal product of each unit of input will decline as that input increases and other inputs remain constant.B)the marginal product of labor just equals the marginal utility of leisure.C)more workers employed in a plant will talk more and produce less.D)total product must eventually fall.E)returns to scale are diminishing.14.Suppose that production is defined by the function recorded in the table above. The marginal product of the 4th unit of labor, given 20 units of land, is equal to:A) 15.5B) 17.5C) 19.0D) 1.5E) none of the above15.A)output cannot be varied.B)at least one input is fixed.C)all inputs are fixed.D)all inputs are variable.E)none of the above.16.A)The firm would like to hire ten more workers for a weekend shift.B)C)The firm would like to build its own facility.D)E)All of the above decisions could be made in the short run.17.For the law of diminishing returns to hold, the missing blank in this table must be:A) 4. B) 2.C) more than 4. D) less than 4.E) 0.18.If production displays diminishing returns for all inputs, then:A)it must also display constant returns to scale.B)it must also display increasing returns to scale.C)it must also display decreasing returns to scale.D)total product need never decline.E)any of the above might apply.19.Suppose that production of a particular good requires two inputs, labor (L) and capital (K). If K is fixed, which of the panels in the figure below possibly represent(s) decreasing marginal productivity of labor?A)Panel a.B)Panel b.C)Panel c.D)All of the above.E)None of the above.20.Suppose a producer employs 2 units of Capital, K, and 2 units of labor, L, for the production of output = 100. If that producer wants to double production, how many more units of K and L should be employed?A) 4 K and 4 L if production shows IRS. B) 2 K and 2 L if production shows CRS.C) 2 K and 2 L if production shows IRS. D) 4 K and 4 L if production shows CRS.E) none of the above.II.Short Answers21.Question 4, “Questions for Discussion”, Chapter 4 of the textbook.22.Question 9, “Questions for Discussion”, Chapter 4 of the textbook.23.Question 2, “Questions for Discussion”, Chapter 6 of the textbook.24.Question 7, “Questions for Discussion”, Chapter 6 of the textbook.25.Question 8, “Questions for Discussion”, Chapter 6 of the textbook.。
Homework4
Homework 4Due Date: Oct-26/27-2017I.Multiple Choice Questions1.A fixed cost is:A)the cost of any input whose per-unit price has been fixed, whether by long-termcontract or by some similar means.B)a cost whose increases are exactly proportional to increases in output.C)D)a cost which the firm would incur even if its output were zero.E)none of the above.2.A firm's MC curve:A)is essentially its TC curve scaled for its fractional share of the marketB)shows the addition to total cost needed to produce each additional unit of output.C)is its unit cost of output, TC/q.D)is approximately equal to all the above.E)is defined by none of the above.3.Which of the following is true at the quantity of output where average cost has reached its minimum level?A)AVC = FC.B)MC = AVC.C)MC = AC.D)AC = AFC.E)Output price = AVC.4.Which of the following is true if marginal cost is above average variable cost as output rises?A)Average total cost must be falling.B)Average fixed cost must be rising.C)Average variable cost must be falling.D)Average variable cost must be rising.E)None of the above.5.Diminishing returns to factors of production cause:A)diminishing opportunity costs.B)the ratio of fixed costs to total costs to increase.C)average fixed costs to decrease.D)marginal costs to rise.E)none of the above.6.If output rises and total costs remain fixed, then:A)average cost will fall.B)average cost will rise.C)average cost will eventually increase.D)fixed cost will eventually rise.E)7.If the total cost of producing 6 units is $48 and the marginal cost of the seventh unit is $15, then:A)the average total cost of 7 units is $9.B)the average variable cost of 7 units is $9.C)fixed costs are $8.D)fixed costs are $33.E)none of the above are true.Use the following to answer questions 8-9:8.In the figure above, what is AVC at Q = 5?A)9B)10C)12D) 17.5E) None of the above.9.In the figure above, what are total fixed costs at Q = 2?A)5B)10C) 13.75D)15E)None of the above.10.Profit maximization requires a firm to do which of the following:A)manage internal operations efficiently.B)prevent waste.C)encourage worker morale.D)choose efficient production processes.E)all of the above.11.A)the rising segment of its marginal cost curve, above average cost.B)the rising segment of its average cost curve.C)its entire average cost curve.D)that entire part of its total cost curve in which total cost rises or remains constant as output increases.E)none of the above.12.If you are a wheat farmer and you want to earn as much profit as you can, you should do which of the following:A)try to produce and sell that quantity of output at which marginal cost has risen toequality with price.B)try to produce and sell that quantity of output at which marginal cost is equal toaverage variable cost.C)try to produce and sell that quantity of output at which marginal cost has reached itsminimum possible level.D)E)keep marginal cost above price.13.14.Which of the following statements is correct in reference to the figure below?A)B is the shutdown point.B)B is the profit-maximizing point.C)C is the zero-profit point.D)A is the shutdown point.E)C is the shutdown point.15.A)AVC curve.B)AC curve.C)MC curve.D)AFC curve.E)none of the above.16.A)rational if the firm is covering its variable costs.B)rational if the firm is covering its fixed costs.C)irrational since plant closing is necessary to eliminate losses.D)irrational since fixed costs are eliminated if a firm shuts down.E)none of the above.17.A)downward sloping.B)relatively inelastic.C)perfectly elastic.D)specific to each firm.E)upward sloping.18.Suppose that all the firms in a given market can be characterized by the cost structure illustrated in the figure on the left. If market demand is as indicated in thefigure on the right, the number of firms required to support long run equilibrium is:A) 90.B) 100.C) 110.D) 120.E) some number greater than 50 that cannot be determined with the informationprovided.19.A)marginal cost > average cost = $16.67.B)marginal cost < average cost = $16.67.C)$16.67 = marginal cost = average cost.D)$16.67 = marginal cost > average cost.E)$16.67 = marginal cost < average cost.20.A)not decrease in number unless price falls below ATC for some firms.B)try to reduce production or shut down.C)keep output at the same level but make losses.D)advertise.E)both A and B.21.Pareto efficiency occurs:A)when no possible reorganization of production or distribution can make anyonebetter off without making someone else worse off.B)when everyone gets a fair share of the goods produced.C)when reorganizing the production makes everyone better off.D)when I am better off and everyone else stays the same.E)none of the above.22.A)is a price just sufficient to cover fixed cost.B)is at the point where total revenue from sales is at its minimum level.C)occurs at the point where marginal and average cost are equal.D)occurs at the point where marginal cost is at its minimum level.E)is not correctly described by any of the above.23.Allocative efficiency does not necessarily mean:A)a socially desirable distribution of resources.B)zero economic profits for firms.C)price is equal to marginal cost.D)price is equal to average costs.E)there are many firms in the industry.II.Short Answers24.Question 2, “Questions for Discussion”, Chapter 7 of the textbook.25.Question 5, “Questions for Discussion”, Chapter 7 of the textbook.26.Question 4, “Questions for Discussion”, Chapter 8 of the textbook.27.Question 8, “Questions for Discussion”, Chapter 8 of the textbook.。
homework参考答案
homework参考答案Homework 参考答案Section 1: Math ProblemsProblem 1:Simplify the following quadratic equation:x^2 + 5x + 6 = 0.Solution:To simplify the quadratic equation, we need to factorize it.(x + 2)(x + 3) = 0.Therefore, the roots of the equation are x = -2 and x = -3.Problem 2:Calculate the area of a circular garden with a radius of 6 meters, using the formula xx^2.Solution:Using the given formula, we can substitute the value of the radius to calculate the area.Area = x× 6^2 ≈ 113.1 square meters.Section 2: History QuestionsQuestion 1:What were the main causes of World War II?Answer:The main causes of World War II can be attributed to several factors, including:1. Treaty of Versailles: The harsh conditions imposed on Germany after World War I led to bitterness and resentment, creating a fertile ground for the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party.2. Failure of Appeasement: The policy of appeasement pursued by Britain and France towards Nazi Germany allowed Hitler to annex territories without facing any significant consequences. This emboldened him to pursue further expansion.3. Rise of Fascism: The rise of fascist dictators, such as Hitler in Germany, Mussolini in Italy, and Tojo in Japan, fueled aggression and territorial ambitions, leading to conflicts that eventually escalated into a global war.4. Economic Depression: The Great Depression of the 1930s crippled economies worldwide, causing social unrest and political instability, which created conditions conducive to the outbreak of war.Question 2:What were the major consequences of the Cold War?Answer:The major consequences of the Cold War can be summarized as follows:1. Arms Race: The Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union led to a nuclear arms race, with both nations stockpiling weapons of mass destruction. This arms race increased tensions and the danger of a nuclear conflict.2. Proxy Wars: The Cold War played out through proxy wars in different regions, such as the Korean War and the Vietnam War. These conflicts caused immense human suffering and geopolitical instability.3. Space Race: The competition for technological supremacy between the United States and the Soviet Union resulted in the Space Race. This led to significant advancements in space exploration and technology.4. Division of the World: The Cold War resulted in a division of the world into two ideological blocs – the Western bloc led by the United States and the Eastern bloc led by the Soviet Union. This division impacted global politics for decades.Section 3: Literature AnalysisIn the novel "To Kill a Mockingbird" by Harper Lee, the theme of racial prejudice and injustice is explored through the events surrounding the trial of Tom Robinson, a black man falsely accused of rape.The author skillfully portrays the deeply ingrained racism prevalent in the society of Maycomb, Alabama, during the 1930s. Through Scout's innocent perspective, we witness the irrational fears and prejudices that govern the townspeople's reactions to Tom's trial.Atticus Finch, Scout's father and a lawyer who defends Tom, emerges as a moral compass, demonstrating unwavering integrity and courage amidst asociety plagued by racial discrimination. The trial serves as a catalyst for Atticus to expose the injustices and hypocrisy of a system that fails to uphold justice and equality.Through the character of Boo Radley, Lee also explores the theme of prejudice against those who are different or misunderstood. Boo, initially seen as a mysterious and potentially dangerous figure, ultimately proves to be a benevolent and compassionate person. This challenges the reader's prejudices and highlights the damaging effects of snap judgments based on appearances.In conclusion, "To Kill a Mockingbird" tackles the themes of racial prejudice and injustice, shedding light on the destructive consequences of discrimination and the importance of standing up for what is right. Lee's masterful storytelling and compelling characters make this novel a timeless exploration of societal issues that are still relevant today.Note: The above article is a sample response to the given title and is not an actual homework answer.。
homework(减译法)
Homework for Omission / Ellipsis1. 他耸耸肩，摇摇头，两眼看天，一言不发。
2. 在改变主意之前，必须说明理由。
3. Even as the doctor was recommending rest, he knew that this in itself在本质上was not enough, that one could never get real rest without a peaceful mind.4. 贵方5月6日来函收悉，很高兴贵方愿与我方共同进行产品开发。
5. 任何物质都热胀冷缩，这是共性。
6. Arthur Clarke was born in Minehead, England, early interested in science, he constructed his first telescope at the age of thirteen. He was a radar specialist with the Royal Air Force皇家空军during World War II. He originated the proposal for use of satellites in communication……7. 柯灵，生于1909，浙江绍兴人，中国现代作家，1926年发表第一篇作品，叙事诗《织布的妇人》，1930年任《儿童时代》编辑，1949年以前一直在上海从事报纸编辑工作，并积极投入电影、话剧运动，解放后，曾任《文汇报》总编辑，现任上海电影局the Film Bureau 顾问。
8. 一位教西洋画欣赏课，姓吕，本人修饰的也很有“西方风度”，整日里西装笔挺，皮鞋锃亮，头发也总是油光闪亮。
9. 但是在中国，人口基数太大，医疗费用激增，半个世纪以前形成的公费医疗制度，近年来已经成了一个不现实的理想。
10. Her dark eyes made little reflected stars. She was looking at him as she was always looking athim when he awakened.11. 我多次劝他放弃一些不切实际的想法，对此他置若罔闻take no notice of (it)。
homework-infrared tech
Homewok1. A light source emits a radiant exitance per unit wavelength given by:3240)55(exp 10)(mW nm nm M ⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛--=λλλ The source is a flat disk of area = 1mm 2.a) To the nearest nanometer, specify the following peak wavelengths:i.The peak wavelength of M λ(λ).ii. The wavelength that corresponds to the frequency that is the peak of M v (v ). Orequivalently, the peak wavelength of M v (λ).b) Determine the total emitted radiant flux (power), Φ.2. An IR beam propagating inside a piece of glass (refractive index=1.8) has a wavelength (inthe glass) of 2microns. Determine the following:a) The frequency in the glass (in Hz)b) The photon energy in the glass (in eV)c) The frequency in the glass (in cm -1)d) The wavelength after leaving the glass and propagating in aire) The frequency in air (in Hz)f) The photon energy in air (in eV)g) The frequency in air (cm -1)3. A disk of radius R is irradiated by a point source from a distance, d. the disk is on-axis andnormal to the line of sight to the source. The source emits a total power, Φ. determine the total radiant flux incident on the disk.4. A sphere of radius R is irradiated by a point source from a distance, d (d is the distance fromthe source to the center of the sphere). The source has an intensity, I,.a) Determine the total radiant flux incident on the sphere.b) Show that your answer makes sense in the limits of d=R and d very large (but not quiteinfinity).5. Consider a source that emits 1mW of total power into the wavelength range,300nm ≤λ≤900nm. The power per unit wavelength is constant (independent of wavelength) across the whole wavelength range. Determine the number of photons emitted per second.6. A Lambertian source that is an opaque spherical shell of radius, R, emits a total radiant flux,Φ. A screen is a distance, z, away from the center of the source.a) Derive an expression for the irradiance on the screen at the closest point to the source. b) Derive an expression for the irradiance on the screen as a function of θ.7. Determine the radiant exitance of a room temperature (T=300K) thermal source with anemissivity (wavelength-independent) equal to 0.3.8. A Lambertian disk source of diameter=1mm emits 1 mW of power into 2π steradians. Lens #1images the source onto a 0.1 mm aperture. Lens #2 images the aperture onto a screen. All elements are on-axis and normal to the axis. Each lens has a 2 cm diameter, and each lens surface has a reflectivity of 4%. The following are the distances in the setup: source to lens #1: 20 cm; lens #1 to aperture: 5 cm; aperture to lens #2: 10 cm; lens #2 to screen: 40 cm.a) What is the value of the irradiance of the image?b) What is the value of the power in the image?9.Consider a small Lambertian source imaged by a lens onto a piece of paper. Some of the lighefrom the paper is scattered, going back through the lens to the source. The half angels at the source subtended by the lens and at the paper subtended by the lens are θ1 and θ2, respectively.What fraction of the source’s power returns to it on this pass back through the lens? Take the source and the paper to be Lambertian into 2πsteradians, and the paper’s scattering coefficient to be 100%.10.A source is imaged by lens 1 onto aperture 1, which is imaged by lens2 onto aperture 2, whichis imaged by lens3 images onto a screen. Everything is on-axis. The source is a Lambertian disk of diameter=0.25 cm, which emits a power of 1 mW. Lens 1 has a diameter of 2.5 cm, lens 2 has a diameter of 2 cm lens 3 has a diameter of 1.5 cm. All lenses have 45 reflectivities at each of their (two) surfaces. Aperture 1 has a diameter of 100 microns, aperture 2 has a diameter of 50 microns. Distances: source to lens 1 =10 cm, lens 1 to aperture 1=20 cm, aperture 1 to lens 2 =20 cm, lens2 to aperture 2 = 40 cm, aperture 2 to lens 3 = 10 cm, lens 3 to screen = 30 cm. Determine the irradiance of the image on the screen.11.For a Lambertian source emitting into 2πsteradians, M=πL, where M=radiant exitance andL=radiance. For a Lambertian source emitting into a cone of half angel, θ, what is the relationship between M and L?12.A Lambertian disk source of area, A, emits a luminous flux of Φv lumens. Determine theon-axis illuminance at a distance, Z, from the center of the disk.13.A small Lambertian source irradiates a screen. The point on the screen, Point A, that is closestto thesource is 1 meter from the source. The irradiance at this closest point is 1 watt/cm2.What is the irradiance on the screen at a location 10 cm away from Point A?14.A 2-inch diameter lens images a Lambertian disk source to a location 10 inches from the lens.The source emits 1 mW of optical power and has an area of 1 in2. What is the irradiance of the image?15.A point source emits a luminous flux, Φv, into 4π steradians. A screen is a distance, z, awayfrom the source, and is perpendicular to the line-of-sight to the source. The point on the screen that is closest to the source is at θ=0. These three parameters are the only ones that can be in the answers to the questions below.a)Derive an expression for the illuminance on the screen at the closest point to the source.b)Derive an expression for the illuminance on the screen as you move away from theclosest point as a function of θ.16.Change the source of prob. 1 to a Lambertian source that is an opaque spherical hell of radius,R. the source emits a total luminous flux, Φv. A screen is a distance, z, away from the center of the source. The rest of this problem is the same as prob. 1.c)Derive an expression for the illuminance on the screen at the closest point to the source.d)Derive an expression for the illuminance on the screen as you move away from theclosest point as a function of θ.17.As seen from the earth, the sun subtends an angle of 1/2︒. If sunlight is scattered off a perfectLambertian scatter into 2π steradians, by what factor does the radiance decrease?18.1 Watt of optical power enters an integrating sphere of radius 10 cm, with diffuse reflectivity= 0.98. What is the irradiance on a detector at the output pot of the integrating sphere?19.A blackbody’s temperature is doubled. By what factor does the number of emitted photonsincrease?20.Parts a) and b) are completely separate problems – but they each use the same figure.Source, lens and detector are on the same axis and are perpendicular to it. Lens is anti-reflection coated (assume no reflection loss at lens surfaces). Lens images source onto surface of detector. Assume lens is thin. Detector detects all radiation inc ident on it from the left half space (2πsteradians).a)The source is a T=300K blackbody disk of diameter =1 cm. The detector is a bolometer,responsivity of 5⨯104V/W, disk of diameter = 1 mm. Cold housing: emissivity (ε)=0.1, T=77K. θs=0.4︒, θd=14︒.1)Determine the detector output caused by the radiation from the source, V s.2)Determine the detector output caused by the radiation from the housing, V h.b)The source is an ideal scattering disk (Lambertian, diffuse reflectivity =1), scatters into a solidangel of 2πsr.), diameter= 1 cm. It is irradiated by 1 mW of monochromatic visible light.Detector: silicon pin detector operated in photovoltaic mode. It is a disk of diameter = 1 mm.It has reverse saturation current density (dark current density at large reverse bias) of2.5⨯10-6A/cm2. It has a responsivity of 0.6 A/W at the wavelength of the source. The source’simage overfills the detector, θd=30︒. Data is acquired by integrating over a 1 second duration.1)Determine i s, the detector output caused by the radiation from the source.2)The noise in the detector output current is mainly caused by fluctuations in dark currentand in signal current. Determine i s, the noise in the detector output.。
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Homework of Chapter 3 --Term of Intl. TradeI. True or False. For the false statement, please state the specific reasons.1) Price terms are mainly applied to determining the prices of commodities in international trade. ( F Price term is used to indicate the international trade import and export commodity price structure, both parties shall bear their respective responsibilities, the share of the cost borne and risk transfer of ownership and term.)2) As an exporter, you concluded a deal with an American on basis of EXW; then your transaction risk is reduced the minimum degree. ( T )3) On CIP terms, the seller must pay the freight rate and insurance premium as well as bear all the risks until the goods have arrived at the destination.( F This term obliges the seller to contract for insurance and pay the insurance premium for the carriage of the goods in addition to whatever should be covered under CPT. The transfer of risk happens when the seller delivers the goods to the carrier he chooses at the place of shipment.)4) DES means that the seller must deliver the goods to the buyer at the destination on his own charges and at his own risks. ( T )5) If you have signed a contract with a Japanese buyer on the basis of FOBST, you must be responsible for stowing and trimming the goods at your own expense. ( T )6) CFR Landed in indicate that the seller must guarantee the arrival of the goods at the destination without any damage.(F The seller is only responsible for covering the transport charges under the contract of carriage, the ocean freight and any other handling charges due to contingencies or not included in the contract of carriage would fall upon the buyer.)7) The main difference between a CIF contract and a DES contract lies in the fact that former is a symbolic delivery of goods, whereas the latter is a physical delivery of goods. (T )8) The common feature of an FOB contract and an FAS contract is that the seller must load the goods on a named ship.(F The common feature of FOB and FAS contract is that the seller is called upon to deliver the goods to a carrier appointed by the buyer. But on FAS terms the seller needs only to put the goods within the reach of the ship’s tackle. It is not responsible for loading the goods on board.)9）Both DAT and DAP should be followed by named place of destination. ( T )10) According to Incoterms 2010 under DAP the buyer is not responsible for unloading the goods from the arriving vehicle at the place of destination.(F Under DAP at the time of delivery the risk and cost related to unloading the goods are for the account of the buyer.)II. Suppose you are an exporter and your business place is in China; you judge if the following statements are correct or not and give your reasons.1)Offer 1,000 bales of Cotton Price Goods at USD 150 per bale FOB New York.Incorrect. On FOB terms the seller’s responsibilities end when he delivers the goods at the port of shipment, that is, at one of the ports of China.2) We accept your offer for 500 paper cases of Chinese Black Tea at USD 400 per case CIF Shanghai.Incorrect. On CIF terms the seller pays for transportation and insurance till the goods reach the destination; the terms should be followed by the port of destination.3) Your order for Bitter Apricot Kernels at USD 15 per kilo CPT Liverpool has already been delivered.Correct. According to CPT terms we can know it.4) We appreciate your quotation for DD Raincoats at USD 100 per dozen CIP Guangzhou, but the price is rather on the high side.Incorrect. On CIP terms the seller pays for transportation and insurance till the goods reach the destination; the terms should be followed by the port of destination.5) Your counter-offer for Fairy Brand Leather Shoes at CAND 50 per pair CFR Vancouver has been well received.Correct.6) We shall execute as soon as possible your order for 1,000 sets of Flying Fish Typewriters at USD 30 per set FCA Beijing.Correct.7) We confirm having sold to you 2,000 dozen Pillow Cases at French Francs 50 per dozen FOB Marserlles.Incorrect. On FOB terms the seller’s responsibilities end when he delivers the goods at the port of shipment, that is, at one of the ports in China.8) Referring to your enquiry of July 15, we quote as follows: Sharp Vacuum Cleaner 500 sets USD 120 per set.Incorrect. On DES terms the seller must put the goods under the actual control of the buyer at the port destination; a port of destination should be attached to DES.9) We offer Chinese Tin Plate DDP Shanghai Reply here July 10 .Incorrect. On DDP terms the seller must physically deliver the goods to the buyer at a named place in the import country, that is, a named place of destination should be added to DDP terms.10) Our Sales Confirmation No. 9405 for 1,000 Sewing Machines at USD 45CIF Hong Kong is being airmailed today.Correct.III. Case study1) A Chinese import and export company concluded a Sales Contract with a Holland firm on August 5, 2000, selling a batch of certain commodity. The contract was based on CIF Rotterdam at USD 2500 per metric ton. The Chinese company delivered the goods in compliance with the contract and obtained a clean-on-board Bill of Lading. During transportation, however, 100 metric tons of the goods got lost because of rough sea. Upon arrival of the goods, the price of the contracted goods went down quickly. The buyer refused to take delivery of the goods and effect payment and claimed damages from the seller. How would you deal with this case?In this case, the contract between the seller and buyer was on CIF terms, so it was not right for the buyer not to take delivery of the goods. According to CIF terms, the seller’s responsibilities ended when he loaded the goods on board of the ship and paid the freight and insurance premium; the risk separation was the side of the ship; the risks were transferred to buyer or other parties concerned after the seller put the goods on board. Since the documents presented by seller were right and proper, the seller could directly get paid from the Issuing Bank of the L/C.However, part of the goods got lost due to rough sea, it is not the case because there are other two sub-contracts existing on CIF terms-I/P and Bill of Lading. In this case the buyer could claim damages with the insurance company, but he had to take delivery of goods. The actual reason for the buyer’s refusal to accept the goods in this case was that the prices of goods were going down. This is unjustified.2) A Chinese trading company E concluded a transaction in steel with a Hong Kong company W on the basis of FOB China Port. Company W immediately resold the steel to Company H in Libya on the terms of CFR Liberia. The L/C form W required the price terms to be FOB C hina Port and the goods to be directly delivered to Liberia. The L/C also required “Freight Prepaid” to be indicated on Bill of Lading. Why did Company W perform so? What should we do about it?In this case the contract was concluded between Company E and Company W on FOB term, according to which the seller (Company E) ended his responsibilities when he delivered the goods on board the ship at the port of shipment. He did not need to pay for transportation of the goods or the insurance premium. Therefore, it was not right for W to ask E to pay the freight and indicate “Freight Repaid” on the Bill of Lading. The reason why W asked E to do that might be that he wanted to transfer the freight charges to E.However, in practical dealings, foreign trade companies often come across such situations, especially when a contract is concluded with an agent, who wants to resells the goods. In this case, E might comply with W’s request, but he had to indicated that the freight should be borne by W.。