2020届高考英语(人教版)必修四课堂要点精析讲义Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Grammar—主谓一致含答案

Section_ⅢGrammar—_主谓一致

语法图解

探究发现

①Following Jane’s way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest.

②Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.

③Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off.

④Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right.

⑤Ten hours has passed since I came here.

[我的发现]

(1)句①中group强调成员，故其后谓语动词用复数形式；句③中的family和句④中的group强调整体，故其后谓语动词用单数形式。

(2)句②中的主语为动名词短语，故其谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。

(3)表示时间、距离、金额、度量衡等名词作主语时，常表示一个整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式，如句⑤。

谓语动词与主语必须在人称和数上保持一致，这叫主谓一致。主谓一致的应用主要有以下几种情况：

一、名词作主语

主语谓语动词

可数名词单数或不可数名词单数

可数名词复数复数只表示复数意义的集体名词people, police, cattle等复数

family, class, group, team类集体名词强调整体单数强调成员复数

只作不可数名词用的集体名词clothing, equipment,

furniture, jewellery等

单数单复数同形的名词means, sheep, works, deer, fish等根据其表达的单复数意义而定The public was kept in the dark about the matter.

关于这件事情公众被蒙在鼓里。

The public now come to know the whole story.

人们现在越来越清楚那是怎么回事了。

The football team is being rebuilt.

(他们)正在重建这个足球队。

The football team are having baths and then they are coming here for tea.

足球队员们正在洗澡，然后他们会到这里喝茶。

[名师点津]goods, clothes, earnings, remains等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

[即时演练1]用所给词的适当形式填空

①Land is (be) valuable. Not an inch of land is (be) allowed to waste.

②The children are (be) very fond of playing farm games.

③The police have (have) caught the criminal.

④The equipment of our factory is (be) all imported from Britain.

⑤Each means has (have) been tried to solve the problem, but none is effective.

⑥(安徽高考改编)Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, keeps (keep) some of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.

⑦His family was (be) poor and he used to work hard to support his family.

⑧My family are (be) going on a trip this summer.

二、数量概念词作主语

主语谓语动词

表示单位数量，指时间、金钱、距离、长度、重量等的复

数名词短语

单数

the rest/part (of)及分数、百分数等根据所指代或修饰的名词而定

a number of＋可数名词复数复数

the number of＋可数名词复数单数

a quantity of/quantities of 根据quantity的形式而定

more than one/many a＋可数名词单数单数

one of＋可数名词复数单数

About 50 percent of the students in our school are girls.

我们学校大约百分之五十的学生是女生。

Great quantities of fish are caught in the deep sea.

在深海处抓了很多鱼。

There is a large quantity of milk.

有大量的牛奶。

[名师点津](1)“more＋复数名词＋than one”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

More children than one are playing in the shade of the tree.

不止一个孩子在树荫下玩。

(2)在“one of＋复数名词/代词＋定语从句”结构中，定语从句中的谓语动词用复数形式。只有one之前出现the only, the very等修饰语时，定语从句的谓语动词才用单数形式。试比较：

He is one of the students who have passed the exam.

他是通过这次考试的学生之一。

He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.

他是通过这次考试的唯一的学生。

[即时演练2]

(1)对比填空(用be动词的适当形式填空)

①A number of new houses were built there three years ago.

②At present, the number of the unemployed is still increasing.

③A large quantity of money was spent on the bridge.

④Quantities of time were spent in saving the wounded.

⑤The rest of the lecture is dull.

⑥The rest of the bicycles are on sale today.

(2)用所给词的适当形式填空

(陕西高考改编)It is reported that many a new house is_being_built (build) at present in the disaster area.

三、不定代词作主语

主语谓语动词either, each (of), anyone, somebody, everything, no one等单数

both/few/many/several (of)等复数