老人与海论文
从《老人与海》看海明威作品的写作风格毕业论文
从《⽼⼈与海》看海明威作品的写作风格毕业论⽂从《⽼⼈与海》看海明威作品的写作风格毕业论⽂ ⼤学⽣活将要谢下帷幕，我们都知道毕业⽣要通过最后的毕业论⽂，毕业论⽂是⼀种有准备的检验学⽣学习成果的形式，那么⼤家知道正规的毕业论⽂怎么写吗？下⾯是⼩编为⼤家整理的从《⽼⼈与海》看海明威作品的写作风格毕业论⽂，欢迎⼤家分享。
[摘要]本⽂从⽂学⽂体学的⾓度对《⽼⼈与海》独特的⽂体特⾊进⾏较为系统的分析，运⽤统计法和描写法揭⽰其风格要素即⼩说的语⾔材料、表达⽅式和叙事⽅式的具体特征，进⽽指出《⽼⼈与海》是海明威客观、简洁、朴实的美学思想的完美体现。
[关键词]海明威、语⾔特⾊、现代叙事⼿法、⽼⼈与海 简介 美国著名⼩说家海明威是⼀位不平凡的语⾔⼤师，他以“精通现代叙事艺术”和“在当代风格所发挥的影响”⽽荣获1954年诺贝尔⽂学奖。
⽂学语⾔可分为两种：⼀种是叙事语⾔，另⼀种是⼈物话语。
海明威正是通过这种创新的语⾔艺术，创造出⼀种独特的⽂学散⽂风格。
本⽂从《⽼⼈与海》⼊⼿，对其语⾔特⾊和叙事⼿法简单的分析。
粗略的探析了其独特写作风格及形成原因和影响。
⼀、语⾔特⾊——电报风格 以《⽼⼈与海》为例，从中可以看出海明威对词汇、句式、语⽓、对话模式和语法等运⽤了他个⼈的偏好，显⽰了他的电报风格语⾔特⾊。
海明威倾向⽤英语中最核⼼、最普通的词汇。
从《⽼⼈与海》的⽤词和句⼦结构不难看出，⽂章的⽤词很简单，很少⽤表⽰抽象意义的⼤词。
如: Aware that he will need to keep his strength, the old man makes himself eat the tuna he caught the day before,which he had expected to use as bait. While he cuts and eats the fish with a claw under the strain of taking all the fishs resistance. Stantiago is angered and frustrated by the weakness of his own body, but the tuna, he hopes,will reinvigo2rate the hand. As he eats, he feels abrotherly desire to feed the marlin too. （⽼⼈清楚，他必须得保持体⼒，所以就强迫⾃⼰吃前⼀天捕获到的、原打算做诱饵⽤的⾦枪鱼。
老人与海读后感议论文
老人与海读后感议论文《老人与海》读后感议论文《老人与海》是美国作家海明威的一部著名小说，也是他的代表作之一。
这部小说讲述了一个老渔夫和他与大马林鱼的搏斗，以及最终的失败和坚持。
小说以其深刻的内涵和细腻的描写而著称，让人们对生命和命运有了更深层次的思考。
首先，我想谈谈小说中的主人公——老人桑地亚哥。
他是一个已经年迈的渔夫，生活在古巴的一个小渔村。
他曾经是一个非常成功的渔夫，但是随着年龄的增长和运气的逐渐消失，他变得越来越孤独和沮丧。
然而，他并没有放弃，而是继续努力，坚持自己的渔业生涯。
这种坚持和不屈不挠的精神让人深受感动。
无论是在面对大马林鱼的搏斗中，还是在最终失败后，他都没有放弃，而是选择了重新出发。
这种顽強的精神给人以深刻的启示，让人们明白了面对困难和挫折时，应该如何坚持和努力。
其次，我想谈谈小说中的大马林鱼。
这是老人桑地亚哥在海上所捕捉到的一条巨大的马林鱼，也是他与之进行了三天三夜的搏斗。
这条鱼象征着生命的力量和顽強的生存意志。
在搏斗的过程中，老人和大马林鱼之间产生了一种奇特的联系，他们之间的对抗不仅仅是生存的竞争，更是一种对生命的尊重和敬畏。
即使最终老人捕捉到了这条鱼，但是他并没有因此而感到得意，而是对这条鱼表示了敬意。
这种对生命的尊重和敬畏让人深受触动，让人们明白了生命的可贵和珍贵。
最后，我想谈谈小说中的海洋。
海洋是老人的工作场所，也是他与大马林鱼进行搏斗的地方。
海洋给人以无限的想象和可能，它是一个充满未知和神秘的世界。
在海洋中，老人感受到了孤独和无助，也感受到了生命的力量和顽强。
海洋让人们明白了生命的脆弱和坚韧，让人们对生命有了更深层次的理解。
总的来说，海明威的《老人与海》是一部充满哲理和内涵的小说，它让人们对生命和命运有了更深层次的思考。
通过老人桑地亚哥与大马林鱼的搏斗，以及对海洋的描写，让人们明白了生命的可贵和珍贵，也让人们对生命有了更深层次的理解。
这部小说不仅仅是一部文学作品，更是一部关于生命的启示录。
老人与海素材议论文
老人与海素材议论文引言《老人与海》是美国作家海明威的短篇小说，出版于1952年。
这部小说以一个老渔夫与一条巨大的马林鱼搏斗的故事为主线，从而引发了读者对许多深入的思考。
本文将以《老人与海》为素材，探讨人性、毅力、挫折与成功的主题。
人性的复杂性《老人与海》展现了人性的复杂性。
主人公老渔夫圣地亚哥一直在海上面对着巨大的挑战，但他从未放弃。
尽管他年事已高，但他对捕捞的热情和决心依然如初。
这让我们思考，人性中的毅力和追求是何其强大。
同时，小说中也展示了人性中的脆弱性。
老渔夫在搏斗中经历了极大的痛苦和疲惫，他身体的衰弱也暗示着他内心的压力和困惑。
这种脆弱性让我们意识到，人类不仅有坚韧不拔的一面，也有需要保护和照顾的一面。
毅力与成功《老人与海》通过描绘老渔夫与鱼类的搏斗，向读者展示了毅力与成功之间的关系。
老渔夫在与马林鱼的战斗中经历了长时间的奋斗，但最终他没有获得胜利。
然而，他的毅力和坚持给予我们一个重要的启示：成功不仅仅在于最终的胜利，更在于我们在追求目标的过程中所展现出来的品质。
这个启示对我们现实生活中的每个人都具有重要的指导意义。
无论是学业还是事业，成功都需要我们持续的努力和毅力。
而在追求成功的过程中，我们也会遭遇许多挫折和困难，但只有通过坚持和奋斗，我们才能获得真正的成功。
挫折的力量小说中的老渔夫与鱼类的搏斗也展示了挫折的力量。
老渔夫在搏斗中屡屡受挫，但他从未放弃。
这就给我们带来一个问题：挫折和失败是否真的是我们最终的结局？事实上，挫折是我们成长和进步的重要驱动力。
正如老渔夫通过每一次失败来获取更多经验和智慧一样，我们在面对困难时也应该不断学习和成长。
挫折让我们变得更强大，让我们在未来的挑战中变得更加坚定和有信心。
结论《老人与海》作为一部经典的文学作品，通过描述老渔夫与鱼类的搏斗，探讨了人性、毅力、挫折与成功等主题。
从这部小说中，我们可以汲取许多宝贵的教训，思考我们自己的生活和追求。
无论我们面对什么样的挑战或困境，我们都应该保持毅力和乐观的心态。
老人与海赏析论文
老人与海赏析论文〔作品评介〕《老人与海》是创作于1952年的一部中篇小说，一经问世，便在当时的文学界掀起了一阵“海明威热”。
它再次向人们证实了海明威作为20世纪美国杰出小说家的不可动摇的地位和卓越的功绩。
《老人与海》的内容很简单，小说描写了一位老渔夫在海上捕鱼，经过了84天，他还没有捕到一条鱼，大家都说他运气不好，不吉利，等到第85天，他决定去渔夫们从未去过的深海打鱼，以证明自己的能力和勇气。
在海上，老人发现了一条很大的马林鱼，他克服了重重困难，经过艰难的搏斗，终于在第三天早晨，把鱼叉刺进了马林鱼的心脏。
在返回的途中，老人遇到了鲨鱼的五次袭击，他用鱼叉、船桨和刀子勇敢反击。
当他驾驶小船回到港口时，马林鱼只剩下一幅巨大的白骨架。
小说塑造了鲜明的人物形象，具有极其独特的表现手法。
一、人物形象。
海明威以凝练的叙述语言和手法塑造了桑提亚哥这一鲜明丰满、情感丰富、内心刚毅的硬汉子形象，并把自己的情感和思想深蕴在这个富有多重象征意义的艺术形象之中。
在故事的发展演绎中，通过桑提亚哥与小男孩的对话、在海上的内心独白、回忆、思考，以及熟练的捕鱼动作和惊心动魄的战斗场面等生动细致的描写，刻画出一位年迈体弱，在既定的失败和死亡面前毫不气馁、英勇无畏、不屈服于命运的渔夫形象。
不仅从正面形象勾勒出老人独有的外貌特征，而且从老渔夫那海水一般蓝的眼睛里折射出老人老而不衰、布满自信的性格特征。
随着时间的延续，发现鱼、与鱼斗智斗勇、与鲨鱼的殊死搏斗等故事情节逐步展开，作者运用对比手法，借助于大马林鱼之狡诈、鲨鱼之凶残、搏斗之血腥显出主体性格的深厚坚强。
即使是面对强大的敌人和死亡的威胁，他的意志也最终战胜了惧怕心理，对老人而言，生命的存在并不是第一位的，只有伟大人格的存在，只有保持男子汉的尊严才是第一位的。
正如老人所说：人不是为失败而生的，一个人可以被毁灭，但不能给打败。
这就是桑提亚哥这一艺术形象向读者昭示的硬汉子精神，同时这也是海明威的人生宣言。
老人与海论文
《老人与海》摘要《老人与海》是现代美国小说作家海明威创作于1952年的一部中篇小说，根据真人真事写成，是一部在世界文学史上有着重要价值的经典著作。
小说塑造了一位叫桑提亚哥的硬汉型人物，通过运用象征等手法表达了深刻的内涵。
本文将对小说主人公的形象、老人的成功与失败、象征手法和小说的现实意义几方面进行分析。
关键词：桑提亚哥人物形象老人的成功与失败象征手法现实意义一、作者及作品介绍欧内斯特·米勒尔·海明威是美国作家和记者，被认为是20世纪最著名的小说家之一。
于1988年7月出生在芝加哥近郊橡园镇的一个医生的家庭里，他曾经历过两次世界大战，海明威一向以文坛硬汉著称，是美利坚民族的精神丰碑。
他一生感情错综复杂，是美国迷惘的一代的代表，作品中对人生、社会、世界表现出迷惘和彷徨。
主要作品有长篇小说:《永别了，武器》、《乞力马扎罗山下》、《丧钟为谁而鸣》、《太阳照常升起》。
短篇小说集:《没有女人的男人》、《在我们的时代里》和非小说《死在午后》、《流动的盛宴》等。
二、内容概要《老人与海》这篇小说写一个叫桑提亚哥的老渔人，在湾流里捕了八十四天的鱼，一条也没有捕捉到，最初有一个孩子陪伴着他，后来她一个人孤单的把小船驶到遥远的海里去，终于钓到了一条大马林鱼，苦斗了两天两夜，才把那条大马林鱼杀死，用绳子把它捆在船边上。
正在这个时候，那条鱼遭到了一群鲨鱼的袭击。
他跟那些鲨鱼轮番搏斗着，最后又有一大群鲨鱼扑来，把那条捆在船边的死马林鱼身上的肉全部咬去，等到他回到岸上的时候，那条死鱼只剩下一具骨架了。
这时候他已经筋疲力尽，双手和胸口都受了重伤。
在那个孩子的调护之下，他的健康才开始恢复过来。
三、桑提亚哥形象分析（一）物质贫乏的捕鱼老者1、外貌作品开头写到：他是一个独自在湾流里一直小船上打鱼的老头。
随后对桑提亚哥的外貌进行了细致的描写：老头后颈上凝聚着很深的皱纹，显得又瘦又憔悴。
两边脸上长着褐色的疙瘩。
疙瘩顺着脸的两边蔓延下去。
《老人与海》硬汉桑迪亚戈论文
《老人与海》硬汉桑迪亚戈论文摘要：初次读《老人与海》这个寓言性的故事，很是困惑这样通俗易懂的作品怎么就成为了世界名著了呢？好像谁都能写得出来一样，但是艺术来源于现实，也高于现实，把这部作品放在那个百家争鸣，动荡不安的二十世纪的时候，其价值就显现了出来。
一、《老人与海》的创作背景很多人一说到海明威式的硬汉，就脱口而出坚持不懈，坚强不屈，勇往直前，精神上的强者等等这类的词汇，诚然，这些都体现着人类美好的品质，但人们忽略了产生这种品质的环境，因为在顺境和逆境之下人的思想情感所折射出的作为人的伟大高贵带给人的思考是不同的，正如悲剧能在人的心中激起比喜剧更激烈的情感碰撞一样，绝望荒谬下的思想反抗更动人心魄。
二十世纪的西方正经历着巨变，资本主义向帝国主义阶段的过渡酿就了两次世界大战，西方哲学和科技的迅速发展使人们对传统思想提出了前所未有的挑战，在战争的阴影下，人们不仅承受着物质的破坏，更遭遇灵魂的重创。
不少人对人生，对人类失去了信心，感觉世界是一片荒原。
如果说十九世纪现实主义时期的作品是用理性猛烈地批判世界的不公与残酷，揭露社会的浊流与黑暗，那么二十世纪现代主义时期的作品是在用恐惧绝望看待世界，理性的精神受到了质疑，被现实主义作家奉为正义的批判之鞭在两次世界大战的硝烟中再也找不到立足之地，尼采振臂高呼“上帝死了”“我是太阳”。
这两次世纪大战预示着前面现代主义作家推崇备至匡扶正义的批判之鞭荡然无存，但被人们视为至高无上的理性遭遇前所未有的挑战时，人类又该怎样看待被战争摧毁的世界，该用怎样的精神慰藉帮自己找到存在的出口，在那个境地里的人是发疯，无助和绝望的。
[2]《老人与海》正是在这样的世界大背景下产生的。
如果说在欧洲，“传统”随着两次世界大战的炮火湮灭在废墟中；那么在美国，“传统”却随着经济的繁荣从人间消失了。
“迷惘的一代”就是这样的背景下产生的，包括海明威，菲茨杰拉德等。
这些作家大多都接受过高等教育。
不久之后的第二次世界大战再一次改变了人类和世界。
老人与海民族民化特点的议论文
老人与海民族民化特点的议论文第一次读《老人与海》，便觉得体内有一股冲动，有一种被长期束缚之后获得自由的快感。
老渔夫圣地亚哥的硬汉子形象在我的心中留下了不可磨灭的印象。
他出海连续84天没有捕到鱼，后来斗智斗勇，终于捕到了一条大马林鱼，返航途中又一路与鲨鱼搏斗，结果，大马林鱼还是被鲨鱼吃掉了，最后只剩下一副鱼骨架——“足有18英尺长”。
《老人与海》不是一般意义上的情节小说，更像是一部寓言小说。
作者借助老人圣地亚哥的故事，表现的是在生与死的搏斗中的硬汉子精神。
作者用富于象征的笔法将他的“硬汉子”送到大自然中，让他在海上与大马林鱼和凶恶的鲨鱼群进行惊心动魄的搏斗，以表现主人公“在重压下的优美风度”。
“打不垮”是民族文化硬汉圣地亚哥的表现，也是小说的主题之一。
譬如说，他与大马林鱼相持一天半的时间，左手一直抽筋，像蜷曲的鹰爪，右手被绳子勒得出了血。
他把手浸在海水里说：“不坏，痛苦对一个男子汉来说不算什么。
”在与大马林鱼搏斗到最后关头，他头晕目眩，仍自言自语：“不过你吗，你是永远不会垮的。
”海明威把世界看成一个竞技场，任何英雄的行为都是可以实现的。
正如作品所说，人可以被消灭，但就是不能被打败。
真正的硬汉是敢于向命运、向自然、向失败挑战的人。
他可能在拼搏中一次次地失败，但他的精神是永远不会垮的。
这就是人的尊严所在。
人也只有在这种英勇的拼搏中超越自我，才能证明自身的价值。
读完小说，让我们回到现实中来。
常听人说：现在的学生很累。
不错，升学压力，社会压力，甚至还有家庭压力，被压得喘不过气来。
因此，有人逃避了，退缩了，他们不是硬汉；有人在失败后痛哭流涕，甚至自寻短见，他们也不是硬汉；有些人侥幸成功了，便沾沾自喜，目空一切，他们更不是硬汉。
真正的硬汉子是跌倒了爬起来，爬起来后更想跳起来的人。
在小说的结尾，作者故意安排了一个情节：老渔夫的孤独与失败被一个孩子所理解，老人留给孩子的是“打不败”的精神。
这个结尾似乎有点儿凄凉，但小说带给我的那股冲动是抹不去的。
关于老人与海读后感议论文5篇
关于老人与海读后感议论文5篇老人与海读后感议论文篇1《老人与海》是海明威于1951年在古巴写的一篇中篇小说是海明威最著名的作品之一。
整个故事叙述的就是关于一个遭遇命运捉弄的古巴老渔民-圣地亚哥的故事，故事中还有关爱他的一个男孩，老渔民年轻过，爱过、出众过、幸运过，岁月带走了主人公饱满健硕的肌肤，却无法带走他英武的体格，带不走他内心的高贵，更带不走他的勇猛顽强。
镇上小男孩对他的深情和关爱，这人间宝贵的真情是老渔夫挑战生命极限生存下来的精神支柱。
交上背运的老渔民在近海一直无法捕到鱼，于是他根据自己的经验和判断，决定勇敢地独自一人去更远的海域捕鱼。
历经了常人无法容忍的千难万险，老渔民不断地挑战自己身心的极限，终于捕获了一条巨大的“登多索鲨”-他有生以来见过最大的一条。
他这么喜爱这条鱼，觉得他们之间有那么多的相像。
“它是靠吃活鱼维持生命。
它不是食腐动物，也不像有些鲨鱼那样，只知道游来游去满足食欲。
它是美丽而崇高的，见什么都不怕。
”这些话勾勒出老渔夫所欣赏的为人准则：光明、磊落、英勇和高贵。
正如老渔民所想的：每样东西都杀死别的东西，不过方式不同罢了。
捕鱼养活了老渔民，同样也快把他害死了。
现在，我们人类大量地开发自然资源，假若我们不带着对自然的爱任意开采，结果会不会也害死我们人类自己呢?老渔民的所作所为不正代表了人类在自然界的行为吗?他所思所想也不正是我们人类精神经常所至的吗?虽然，最后人们能看到的只是那登多索鲨鱼的大尾巴直竖在小船船梢的后边，鱼赤露的脊骨像一条白线，还有带着突出的长嘴的黑糊糊的脑袋，而在这头尾之间却一无所有。
但是，人们仍能如此真切地感受到这条鱼的伟岸和捕鱼者的力量，令明者震撼!“一个人可以被毁灭，但不能被打败”老人最后说的这句话富含哲理。
就如音乐大师贝多芬所说“我可以被摧毁，但我不能被征服”.这些不能被打败的是勇气，这些不能被征服的是高贵。
更令人深省的是：那男孩使得老人活得下来!“爱”是人类生存下去动力!自从我读《老人与海》。
《老人与海》论文
论老人与海中老人的精神品质《老人与海》是海明威晚期最成功的中篇小说。
老人孤独奋斗和永不言败的信念永远激励着每一个人，他有超强的智慧，对自己有百分百的信心，把自己看得很高贵。
一个简单的故事，一个平凡的老人，一条普通的大马林鱼，在茫茫大海中发生了平凡但又不平凡的经历，也许没有大海，就没有鱼；没有鱼，也就没有渔夫；同样也就没有这段经历了，老人与海的故事很简单:老渔夫在84天没捕到鱼的倒霉情况下，独自出海猎了一条大马林鱼，这条鱼大的出乎意料，老人用三天两夜的时间独自将它制服，在这之后遭到鲨鱼群的围攻，最后老人只拖着一条巨大的鱼骨回家。
这期间最重要的就是老人坚强的信念。
让我们回到老人生活的时期，生活生平特别低，社会不发达，人与人之间的冷漠，唯一关心老人的只有那个小男孩，再加上小男孩的父母强迫小男还不让他和老人在一起，其他的人都对老人持忽视的态度，老人孤身一人，无依无靠，在茫茫大海上去实现别人看来空想的想法。
然而社会的黑暗并不能阻碍老人精神上的强大支持，身体上苦点累点没关系，只要精神上满足就可以。
爱因斯坦说过：“由百折不饶的信念所支持的人的意志，比那些似乎是无敌的物质力量具有更大的威力。
”贝多芬身患耳聋，却以顽强的信念作出了《第九交响曲》。
海伦凯勒又聋又盲，却以顽强的信念完成著作······信念的光辉，无不在伟人身上得以闪耀。
其实当鱼刀被折断的时候，我们谁都明白：完了，再也无法击退鲨鱼的袭击了，往后再怎么努力，终归等于失败，但是那个倔强的老人根本没有屈服和妥协的信念，——不管能不能赢，他绝不低头。
不管你是多么凶恶的鲨鱼，只要你咬我的鱼，我就敢向你举起木棍，我就要举，而且重重的敲下去，那么，是什么支撑着这位勇士的不去的灵魂呢？那就是自信，是毅力。
老人84天没有捕到鱼，还是坚信自己能够不到一条大鱼，依然出海捕鱼，这就是靠的就是坚强的信念，与鲨鱼的激烈残酷的战斗也靠的是是他坚强的信念，老人在这期间忍受着人世间的冷眼，是他坚定不移的信念一直指引着他，指引着他不放弃。
老人与海论文
老人与海论文
《老人与海》是美国作家海明威创作的一部长篇小说，出版于1952年。
该小说曾获得1954年的普利策文学奖，并为海明威
赢得了1954年诺贝尔文学奖。
小说讲述了古巴渔夫圣地亚哥的故事，他已经84岁，连续84
天没有捕到一条鱼。
然而，他决心不放弃，继续出海寻找大鱼。
最终，他确实捕到了一条巨大的马林鱼，但是在将其拖回港口的过程中，他却被一群鲨鱼吃掉了。
尽管如此，这个故事表达了关于不屈不挠的奋斗精神和意志力的主题。
该小说的论文可以从以下角度展开：
1. 老年与孤独：小说中的主人公是一个年老的渔夫，他与社会的联系被削弱，生活在孤独和寂寞中。
通过描述他在海上的一系列经历，可以讨论老年人的心理状态和生活困境。
2. 自然与人类：小说中的自然景观和海洋环境被描绘得非常生动，海明威通过对渔夫与自然的斗争的描写，表达了人与自然之间的关系。
可以从生态学的角度探讨这种关系，并思考人类在自然界中的角色和影响。
3. 奋斗与坚韧：小说中的主人公展现了不屈不挠的奋斗精神和顽强的意志力。
他不怕失败，并且坚持不懈地追求他的目标。
可以分析这种奋斗精神对人类生活的意义，并思考人们在面对困难和挫折时如何保持积极的心态。
4. 意义和希望：尽管主人公最终失败，被鲨鱼吃掉，但小说仍然传递了一种积极向上的信息。
可以解读小说中的象征符号和隐喻，探讨希望和意义对个体和社会的影响。
总之，通过深入探讨《老人与海》这个作品，可以从不同的角度分析和解释其中所揭示的主题和意义。
这部小说展现了人类生存和生活的复杂性，产生了深远的影响，因此在学术讨论中受到了广泛关注。
外国文学老人与海论文完整版
外国文学老人与海论文 HEN system office room 【HEN16H-HENS2AHENS8Q8-HENH1688】专业：思想政治教育学科：外国文学海明威《老人与海》中的硬汉形象分析摘要：《老人与海》中的圣地亚哥是海明威“硬汉”形象的代表，这部小说通过描写老渔人圣地亚哥捕鱼的冒险经历，把作者一生所赞美和推荐的硬汉形象及人文精神提到了哲理的高度，表现出圣地亚哥的自信、乐观、顽强的毅力以及不服输的精神，从而对圣地亚哥百折不挠、永不服输、自信乐观而又悲壮的“硬汉”形象进行初步探讨，以便我们更好的了解其硬汉本色。
关键词：《老人与海》；硬汉形象；硬汉精神海明威是美国最着名的作家之一，他塑造了许多令人赞叹的硬汉形象。
《老人与海》中的圣地亚哥是对以往作品中塑造的“硬汉”的发展和升华，是“硬汉”形象的代表，该小说讲述的是一个简单、悲壮感人的故事：老渔人圣地亚哥接连在海上打了84天鱼，却一无所获，是收网不干，还是继续到更远的深海去捕鱼，这是摆在他面前的一个必须选择的重大问题，不顾同伴的嘲笑、伙伴的离开，老人依然选择了后者，第85天他依然驾孤舟独自出海。
经过三天两夜的拼战，他终于捕获到一条比他渔船还大两倍的大马林鱼，可是归途中却招来了鲨鱼，被成群的鲨鱼吃掉。
尽管老人奋力抗击，不断地驱赶着鲨鱼，但大马林鱼最后还是只剩下了一副巨大的空骨架。
在与大海、大马林鱼和鲨鱼的较量中，圣地亚哥不断承受着不幸命运的挑战，以他的勇敢、坚毅、顽强一次次向人生的种种磨难宣战，向人的生命极限挑战、战胜厄运并超越它。
作者通过这个短小精悍的故事，成功的塑造了主人公圣地亚哥这一不朽的艺术形象——一个百折不挠、坚强不屈、敢于拼搏、永不放弃、自信乐观而又悲壮的“硬汉”形象。
整篇小说通过老人的行动在努力体现着一种精神即：一个人可以被消灭，但你永远打不败他。
虽然最后的结果是他失败了，但他在精神上却赢得了胜利，赋予了自己的存在以意义和价值。
一、《老人与海》中硬汉形象的解析（一）百折不挠、永不屈服的“硬汉”形象圣地亚哥是一个很好的捕渔者，可是他“倒了血霉”，独自在湾流中连续捕鱼84天，却没逮到一条鱼。
海明威老人与海毕业论文
毕业论文（设计）题目：浅硬汉的胜利----浅析《老人与海》中的硬汉精神系（部）：中文系专业：语文教育毕业年限：学生姓名：学号：指导教师：硬汉的胜利——浅析《老人与海》中的“硬汉”精神摘要美国作家海明威在作品中塑造了一系列硬汉形象,《老人与海》中的圣地亚哥可以说是海明威式“硬汉”形象的概括和升华。
“人不是为失败而生的,一个人可以被毁灭,但不能给打败。
”正是这种人生态度赋予了他笔下的圣地亚哥——勇敢、自信、自尊,永不屈服的性格特征。
圣地亚哥的硬汉形象具有浓厚的哲理性和象征意义。
圣地亚哥这个老而不衰，不幸但不可战胜的英雄形象，表达作者一贯推崇的勇敢、坚毅的“硬汉”精神。
关键词硬汉胜利老人与海精神海明威的一生既丰富多彩又富有传奇性。
海明威将自己的品格、意志、理想融进作品,塑造了一系列杰出的“硬汉形象”,尤其是《老人与海》中的圣地亚哥,是海明威“硬汉形象”的经典,是海明威精神的完美体现,是海明威的化身。
他笔下的男主人公勇敢、高尚、有意志力，能承受并超越一切孤独失败和死亡的痛苦，永远也不会衰败。
《老人与海》是一部独具特色的作品，它把现实主义的细节描写和通篇作品的象征寓意性融为一体，表达了深邃的内涵。
圣地亚哥不仅仅是个普通劳动者的形象，还是个富有寓意的形象。
他是海明威所崇尚的完美的人格的象征：宽厚、仁慈、充满爱心、有着永远不败的精神力量。
即使在人生的角斗场上失败了，面对着不可逆转的厄运，他仍然是精神上的强者，是“硬汉子”，而不是要别人保护的可怜虫。
［1］“一个人并不是生来要被打败的，你尽可以把他消灭掉，可就是打不败他。
”［2］这是圣地亚哥的生活信念，也是《老人与海》的主旨。
一、胜者生存《老人与海》这部小说讲了这么一个故事，古巴老渔夫圣地亚哥连续八十四天没捕到鱼，被别的渔夫看做失败者，可是他坚持不懈，终于钓到了一条大马林鱼，大马林鱼将他的小船在海上拖了三天三夜才筋疲力尽，被他杀死了绑在小船的一边，在归程中一再遭到鲨鱼的袭击，他用尽了一切手段来反击。
老人与海议论文
老人与海议论文引言《老人与海》是美国作家海明威的代表作之一，也是世界文学的经典之一。
通过讲述一个老渔民和一条巨大的马林鱼搏斗的故事，海明威以细腻的笔触展现了人性的伟大、坚韧和不屈的精神。
本文将从主题、人物形象、故事结构三个方面对《老人与海》进行探讨。
主题《老人与海》的主题是勇敢与坚持，以及对生命的探索和理解。
老渔民圣地亚哥一直以来都是一个孤独而顽强的人物，他独自一人驾驶着小船不停地出海捕鱼。
尽管多次空手而归，但他坚信捕到一条大鱼的时机终将到来。
这种对命运的坚持和对机会的等待，体现了人类坚韧不拔的精神。
另外，圣地亚哥与大马林鱼搏斗的过程也突出了生命的意义。
在他与鱼进行长时间的搏斗后，尽管最终鱼下沉被鲨鱼吃掉了，但他并不后悔，因为在这个过程中他展现出了人性中最高尚的品质。
这种对生命的探索和理解，使得《老人与海》成为一部具有哲学意味的作品。
人物形象在《老人与海》中，主人公圣地亚哥以及他与大马林鱼的角逐，展现出了生命的强韧和不屈的精神。
首先，圣地亚哥是一个具有坚定信仰和强烈意志的老渔民。
尽管年事已高，身体瘦弱，但他仍然每天都坚持出海捕鱼。
他相信，只要付出努力，总会有机会获得成功。
他在船上忍受着饥饿、寒冷和孤独，但从不丧失对自己的信心。
圣地亚哥的人物形象体现了坚守原则、勇往直前的精神。
其次，大马林鱼是一条象征着力量和孤独的动物。
它的巨大体型和顽强的抵抗，与圣地亚哥战斗的过程形成了鲜明的对比。
无论圣地亚哥如何努力，大马林鱼都不肯轻易屈服。
这条鱼的坚韧和强大，为圣地亚哥的个人成长和人生的觉醒提供了动力。
故事结构《老人与海》的故事结构简洁而紧凑，通过清晰的主次分明将观众带入圣地亚哥和大马林鱼的对抗中。
故事以圣地亚哥的漫长而寂寥的出海为开头，随后他与大马林鱼的搏斗展开。
整个搏斗过程中，情节层层深入，紧张感逐渐升级。
圣地亚哥面对鲨鱼的袭击，为保护大马林鱼不惜付出生命的代价，最终与鲨鱼们搏斗到底。
然而，他最终失去了大马林鱼，只剩下鱼骨。
老人与海论文
目录一．海明威及作品简介………………………………（1—3）二．小说的创作寓义分析……………………………（4---10）（一）圣地亚哥的“硬汉”形象分析………………（4---6）（二）小说写作手法的分析…………………………（6---8）(三) 小说创作寓意的分析…………………………（8---10）三．小说的现代意义………………………………（11—12）（一）从容的自信，不以环境变化而变化的自信，是不用与他人比较的自信 (12)（二）生命不息，奋斗不止的硬汉精神 (12)四．结语 (13)五．参考文献 (14)浅析海明威《老人与海》的小说意义2011中文本：赵俊霞学号：1161001205460【内容摘要】：《老人与海》是海明威最杰出的作品之一,它的创作寓意是极其深远而丰富的。
小说塑造的主人公圣地亚哥被认为是海明威精神思想的集中体现，是海明威式英雄中最完美的人物形象。
本文结合对海明威创作历程的探究，主要从小说的内容、写作特色等方面综合分析来揭示小说的写作寓意，旨在通过对老人圣地亚哥的不屈不挠的抗争精神与悲剧命运的分析，阐述小说的现代意义，对处在现实社会困境中的人们有一定的启发作用。
【关键词】：海明威圣地亚哥大海厄内斯特·海明威(1899-1961)是美国上个世纪最著名的小说家和短篇故事作家之一，他是“迷惘的一代”的杰出代表，也是第六个获得诺贝尔文学奖的美国人。
他以塑造那些在强大的压力下不失风度的主人公而在文坛上负有盛名，他的作品塑造了众多顽强拼搏、临危不惧的“硬汉”形象，给人们留下了深刻的印象，并以精通叙事艺术、文字语言简洁、风格独特而备受尊崇。
最能体现他的精神思想与创作风格的作品便是《老人与海》。
《老人与海》是海明威于1952年创作的一部中篇小说，也是作者生前发表的最后一部小说，这部小说带有寓言色彩，描写的是主人公古巴老渔民圣地亚哥捕鱼的故事。
小说一经问世，便在国际上引起了强烈的反响，相继获得了1953年美国普利策奖和1954年诺贝尔文学奖。
老人与海毕业论文2
学科代码：xxxxxxxx（本科）毕业论文大海中的一叶扁舟——论《老人与海》系别：专业：班级：学号：学生姓名：指导教师：完成时间：2013年10 月独创性声明本人重声明：所呈交的题为《大海中的一叶扁舟——论<老人与海>》的毕业论文是本人在指导老师指导下取得的研究成果。
与本研究成果相关的所有人做出的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了意。
学生签名：年月日授权声明本人完全了解了xxxxxx有关保留，使用本科生毕业论文的规定，即：有权保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交毕业论文的复印件和磁盘，允许毕业论文被查阅和借阅。
本人授权许xxxxxx可以将毕业论文《大海中的一叶扁舟——论<老人与海>》全部或者部分容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印，缩印或扫面等复制手段保存，汇编论文。
学生签名：指导老师签名：年月日目录引言 (1)一、老人即船，船即老人 (1)（一）孤船中的老人 (1)（二）船中的另一个影子——海明威 (2)二、从斑驳的旧船看当时的社会 (3)（一）从孤船看老人的小社会 (4)（二）从老人看海明威的大社会 (4)三、老人船中的古希腊悲剧 (5)四、总结 (6)参考文献 (8)致 (9)大海中的一叶扁舟——论《老人与海》摘要：《老人与海》是海明威一生中的最后一部小说，并获得了诺贝尔文学奖，海明威向每个人诉说了生命的高贵与尊严和人类坚不可摧的精神，他曾说：人不是为失败而生的，一个人可以被毁灭，但不能被打败。
这是一部不朽的作品，对人类影响甚远。
论文将从船的角度来剖析老人，剖析整个社会下顽强的人民，总结“船”更深刻的意义。
从而来定位船在世界上的位置，那一叶普普通通的扁舟也别有一番风味了。
关键词：《老人与海》；船；海明威；大海Theory of a leaf boat in the seaThe old man and the SeaABSTRACT: The old man and The Sea is the last novel after Hemingway’s promotion and win the Nobel Literature Prize. Hemingway annotates life’s noble, dignity and human’s spirit is secure against assault .He once said: people don’t bore for failure; a man can be ruined but can’t be defeated. This is an immortal work and has deep influence on human beings. This novel dissert the old man and dissert the brave people under the whole society from the boat’s eyes ,concluded the boat’s more deeply meaning .So located the boat’s position in the world ,every common boat also has another unusual meaning.Key words: The old man The sea; boat; Hemingway; sea引言：厄斯特·海明威，美国小说家，是世界上最富有传奇色彩和最具有影响力的小说家之一。
老人与海论文
An Analysis of the T ough Man in The Old Man and the SeaIntroductionThe Old Man and the Sea is a famous novel written by American great novelist Ernest Hemingway. The novel tells a story of an old man named Santiago struggling with the sharks in the sea. Santiago, the old fisherman, was the leading character of this book. He was a lonely old man who was set apart by his age. In the world, the only person who cared for him and helped him was a young boy. Since he lived on fish, he had to go out to fish alone in the sea. He had a very bad luck, for he went out for eighty-four days, but he did not catch a single fish. In the first forty days the young boy had been with him. But after forty days without a fish, the boy had to leave him for another and luckier boat at his parents’ orders. Even so, the boy often went to help him when the boats were ashore. The old man was a strange-minded person with a sage temper; he never lost his courage and determination in the face of failure. On the eighty-fifth day, he went out alone to farther, deeper waters and through two days and two nights fight．He caught a large marlin．Unfortunately, this only capture of his was carved up by group of sharks. What they left to him was an eighteen foot long skeleton.The old man’s stor y was very sad. Anyhow, from the end of the book we can see the old man did not lose his courage, he and the young boy prepared to have another fishing trip in the sea, and the old man dreamed lions again. Here Hemingway portrayed a tough undefeated old ma n who presents the author’s message of tough man．That phrase “But man is not made for defeat, a man can be destroyed but not defeated” (Hemingway,1952,P39) made the tough man image clear.Hemingway is the representative of The Lost Generation. His novel has great influence on The Lost Generation, especially this novel The Old Man and the Sea. His novel ever brought the hope of future to the people who suffered pains in the WWⅡ. This paper will bring back the hope again to the later generation and show the tough man image to them.This article will show the tough man images of loneliness, optimism, heroism, confidence and hope by analyzing words and deeds of the old man.1. Social Background1.1Postwar Social EnvironmentAfter the W orld WarⅡ, while other countries suffered from the “sequence” left by the war, the United States experienced her prosperity. A lot of great achievements in science and rapid progress in industry, communication and transportation were made. New discoveries and inventions showed the great ability of human being to conquer the nature. Meanwhile, people began to lose the great spirit of the pioneers and engaged themselves in eating, drinking, idling and all kinds of eccentric stimulus. The breaking of the traditional criterion of the value disturbed the people. The Cold War developed the people’s mechanical war scare. They were pessimistic of the world. “But Santiago is different from them”(Encyclopedia American,1982,volume,P83).He declared: the human being may suffer great disasters, but people have an indestructible strength to overcome them and welcome the beautiful future, even they might be beaten many times. Many facts will prove that the old man was optimistic about the future: Although he was beaten, he was still hoping, and he could go out sailing, for the lost tiller of his skiff could easily be replaced; his courage still remained, for he dreamed of the lions on the beach, which were the symbol of his courage; the boy, Marlon would go out fishing with him to learn his “skills” w hich embodied that Marlon would succeed the old man’s spirit and, furthermore, his spirit would be passed on from generation to generation.1.2 The Old Man’ LifeSantiago’s life is not in good condition. He lives in a shack in which there is only a bed, a table, one chair and a place on the dirty floor to cook with charcoal. He is so poor that he had no pot of yellow rice and fish to eat. While sailing for fishing, he has only a bottle of water with him. He leads a lonely life. His wife died leaving him no children. Except a boy he once taught to fish, he has few friends. It seems that few people care him. What is more, he is a failure incatching fish. For eighty-four days he fished in a skiff without taking a fish. Eighty-four days is a long period of time. Eighty-four days without a fish is very unfortunate for a fisherman. For a weather-beaten, poverty-stricken and lonely old man like Santiago, the misery might be beyond anyone’s intolerance, for a man can tolerate failure, but can not tolerate continuous failure. Too much failure will sure defeat a man even with strong will. The old man is unfortunate and experiences a lot of failure, everything about him is old. But he is always optimistic and hopeful about his future. In his eyes, “Every day is a new d ay”(Hemingway,1952,P259).2. Connection between Hemingway and the Santiago2.1 Hemingway’s life experienceIn Hemingway’s writing, the hero, more or less, revealed the author’s inner world and his life. As a young man, Hemingway was eager to do well in everything. He hankered after being the first in every activity. If he could not be the champion in one game. “He would give it up ”(Hemingway,1952,P257).When the First World War began, he left the middle part of America for the front in European. Only in one month, two hundred and twenty—seven broken pieces of shells were “inlayed” in his body. Because of this he got praise and prizes from every aspect. But the reality after the W .W .I made the ideal which he pursued with his life broken as soap bubbles.H e shouted out “This has not been my war”,“Farewell arms” such righteous words and he became the main representative of “the Lost Generation” in 1920s in the United States. But he did not give up all his hope for he had firm characteristic of “strong-minded. Unyielding person”. He ardently loved contesting with ox, fishing, hunting and all kinds of adventure. He especially loved the lions in the open country in Africa. In his opinion, lions were the symbol of braveness, power and success. Just as Santiago, he also loved the struggle in 1ife—the struggle on the sea, the struggle in hand game and the struggle on court. To some he would practice and to others, he would appreciate greatly. Even in his dreams, he only dreamed of lions. In the mean time, he did all his best to pursue success. He constantly met with defeat and so he often felt sad. Yet it was not necessary for us to censure him because it was not his fault. He had already made all his effort, and he never really abandoned it. He did not admit his failure just like Hemingway did. In the l930s, when the civil war broke Out in Spain. He took part in it actively. At first. He worked as a reporter, and then he joined the International Bridge, which fights against fascists directly. But this just war failed. He was very disappointed and he thought “For everyone the funeral hell rings”(Baker Carlos,1996,P126). In the following Second World War, his characteristic that was unwilling to fail was manifested legendari1y—He once drove his own armed fishing vessel to track downthe German submarine alone for two years, and he was ready to die fighting the enemy at any time; He once sat in an America bomber to bomb fascist Germany. His head was badly wounded because of the plane accident. What was more imaginable was: at the critical moment of counter attack, he led a group of French guerrilla forces and rushed into Paris which was entrenched in by fascists. Moreover, he achieved dynamic success in lifetime many times. From The Sun also Rises to Farewell to Arms, and from For Whom the Bell Tolls to The Old Man and the Sea. Almost each of his main novels was the deep revelation of failure in his heart. He often found that the fine ideal that he dreamed about was always far from him. The only thing that he was proud of was in the face of unavoidable defeat, he never lost his determination and courage, and also he never give up what he pursued. From Hemingway, we can clearly see the tough man image. This kind of image has been in his body.2.2 Reflection of Hemingway in SantiagoIn The Old Man and the Sea, Hemingway merged himself with Santiago in thoughts and feelings. He was fond of him and sang high praise of him. He placed his personal experience on the old man and reflected some of his innate characters. The old man’s courage, self-confidence, endurance were reflected in Hemingway’s real life. Hemingway’s life is the portrayal of tough guy. Perhaps it should be said that Santiago in The Old Man and the Sea is the portrayal of Ernest Hemingway. Hemingway in life advocated the spirit of tough guy and published it everywhere. His hope is to do the best and becomes the authority. If he cannot become the first, he will simply give up. The reason why he gave up the university was that he would be expected to do something in football. And he gave up playing football at the last year of high school, because he was not on the title. He ranked the first for the school magazine writing. So writing became his lifelong career. Although he showed a disregard in honor, he felt proud for finally getting “the tricks of Sweden” when the Swedish Royal jury told him that he got the Nobel Prize for literature.Meanwhile Hemingway also puts his strong spiritual quality into “tough man” character. And the tough man runs through all his time. There are many similaritiesin the tough man in his novels, for example: Living environment, personality quality, life history, the potential and courage contained in body. Those tough men physical and spiritual potential were inspired in the most dangerous confrontation, and make people have more strong life force. Energy inspired by life is often destroyed by more powerfulness than its social or natural forces. And the value of the tough man is that it still demonstrates its power after the destruction. The tough man cannot be separated from society and the environment, and they can show the real tough man qualities in specific environmental or social background. Tough men can not violate the laws of nature and social laws, and man should live in harmony with the nature. The old man defeated the big fish, and the Sharks chew the big fish only leaving a skeleton. This is the real law of nature. Maybe he is telling us that man cannot overcome nature, and we should live in harmony. However, in the premise of not being contrary to the law of nature, we have to show our true qualities of a tough man. We will not admit defeat and never give up.3. The images of Santiago as The Tough Man3.1 A Lonely Tough ManSantiago was a lonely old man, living alone. People did not know where he came from, because the author did not introduce the origins of the old man. He seemed to have no family, and his only wife died many years ago. “Once there had be en a tinted photograph of his wife on the wall but he had taken it down because it made him too lonely to see it and it was on the shelf in the corner under his clean shirt”(Brenner Gerry,1985,P158). At the beginning of the story, a young boy, Mandolin, st ayed with the old man. But after the forty luckless days, the boy’s father told his son to go in another boat. With confident attitude towards life, the old man took things philosophically. In fact he hoped the boy come back to him and he needed the boy, but when the boy wanted to be back, the old man refused because it was the boy’s parents who made him leave and he could not make the boy awkward and unlucky with him. He was lonely on the sea every day, so he talked with the sea, birds and fishes all the time, even himself sometimes. When struggled with the big fish, the lonely and helpless fish man yearned for the little boy very much. He had said to himself several times, “I wish the boy was here.” In addition, that was the best way to exclude loneliness for the old man. “If the boy was here, he could rub it for me and loosen it down from the forearm, he thought. But it will loosen up”(Hemingway,1952,P156).The old man always talked aloud himself.“He did not remember when he had first started to talk a loud when he was by himself. He had sung when he was by himself in the old days and he had sung at sometimes when he was alone steering on his watch in the smacks or in the turtle boats. He had probably started to talk aloud, when alone, when the boy had l eft.”“If the others heard me talking out loud they would think that I am crazy,” he said. “I am sorry I cannot hoist the sail and take you in with the small breeze that is rising. But I am with a friend”(Hemingway,1952,P274).From above words from the old man, we can know that he tries his best to conceal his lonely feeling by talking with the sea, birds and fishes. In fact, he is eager to hope the boy come back.3.2 An Optimistic Tough Man ImageThe fish man Santiago was optimistic. He treated the victory and failure, happiness and difficulty, with his own view. When he was optimistic, it was elegant demeanor in the face of difficulties and hardships. Before leaving for fishing on the sea, the old man was not downhearted decadence for not catching any fish in eighty- four days, and the boy was taken away by his parents. He also concerned about other things in life, in particular favorite baseball game. He always took the baseball newspaper with him. “Yes, I have yesterday’s paper and I will read the baseb all.”“The boy did not know whether yesterday’ newspaper was a fiction too. But the old man brought it out under the bed” (Hemingway,1952,P139). When on the sea, he still kept thinking about today’s baseball game. He thought: “I wonder how the baseball came out in the grand leagues today, he thought. It would be wonderful to do this with a radio. “When the big fish was eaten a lot by the large sharks, he did not despair. He just said to himself ,“The old man, just think about the happy things, you will be near your home more and more, and the boat will be more fast for losing forty pounds of meat.”“Don’t be silly,” he said aloud. “And keep awake and steer. You may have much luck yet.” When the old man fought with the shark, the shark took his gaff away, he said: “I have the two oars and the tiller and the short club” (Hemingway,1952, P215). All this reveals his personality, his optimistic attitude toward life. At the end of the novel, we can read the unique optimism factors of Santiago. He dreamed the lions on the beach which are the source of strength and courage.3.3 A Heroic Tough ManThe fish man Santiago was a hero. He always faced the difficulties with greatcourage. In the vast sea, the process of fishing of the old man was like the life process. And fishing on the sea was not so easy and it should be said that it was quite difficult. Some people say that a person’s true character should be revealed in the face of difficulties. The old man was just like that. His energetic spirit emerged when he struggled with the big fish and sharks.The old man did not catch a fish eighty- four days in a row, but he did not give up. He decided to struggle with destiny, so he went to a further place on the sea. This time he had a good luck. He caught a big fish, but the fish did not want to show itself. The fish just moved forward, and the old man had been on board one day and one night.“Fish,” he said softly, aloud. “I will stay with you until I am dead.”“Fish,” he said. “I love you and respect you very much. But I will kill you dead before this day ends.”“You’re feeling it now, fish,”he said. “And so, God knows, am I.” The old man’s left hand had been cramped, but the fish did not come out of the surface of the water. “What kind of a hand is that,” he said. “Cra mp then if you want. Make yourself into a claw. It will do you no good.”“He’s coming up,” he said. “Come on hand. Please come on” (Hemingway,1952,P242).To give himself more confidence, he remembered the time in the tavern at Casablanca when he had played the hand game with the great Negro from Cienfuegos who was the strongest man on the docks. They had gone one day and one night with their elbows on a chalk line on the table and their forearms straight up and their hands gripped tight. At last, the old man won the game. The old man fought with the big fish for one day and one night, and he was tired. But he did not give up. For an hour the old man had been seeing black spots before his eyes and the sweat salted his and salted the cut over his eye and on his forehead. But he was not afraid of the black spots. “Now you are getting confused in the head, he thought. You must keep your head clear, keep your head clear, and know how to suffer like a man” (Hmingway,1952,P239).The old man’s one hand was cut, the ot her hand was cramping. However, he was so stubborn that finally he captured the big fish which was biggerthan his boat.The battle between the old man and the big fish was not over. The sharks had come up from deep down in the water as the dark cloud of blood had settled and dispersed in the mile deep sea. The old man hit the shark with his blood-mashed hands driving a good harpoon with all his strength. First, he succeeded in killing a Marko shark, but the dead shark made him lose his harpoon and all the ropes besides forty pounds of his marlin. He knew that his fish was bleeding and more sharks would follow the fresh scent to take his fish and a very bad time was coming. Since his harpoons and all the ropes had gone, he had to lash his knife to the butt of one of the oars as weapon. As he had expected, two sharks came with the scent and were killed. Unfortunately, when he killed them, the knife blade snapped. It was getting dark now. Again, many sharks headed straight for the skiff swimming side by side. Again, the old man defeated the sharks. But by midnight, the sharks came in a pack. At this very moment, the old man’s mind was clear than ever. He knew he was doomed to lose the fight and more fights were useless. Still he never stopped fighting because st opping fighting meant he was defeated. How could he accept defeat! “But man is not made for defeat. A man can be destroyed but not defeated.” It was pitching dark. He had no weapons. So “he jerked the tiller free from the rudder and beat and chopped with it, holding it down again and again....Finally, he saw one shark came against the head of this fish, and he knew all was over. He swung the tiller across the shark’s head where the jaws were caught in the heaviness of the fish’s head which could not tear. He swung it once and twice and again. He heard the tiller break and he lunged at the shark with the splintered butt. He felt it go in and knowing it was sharp he drove it in again. The shark let go and rolled away. That was the last shark of the pack that c ame. There was noting more for them to eat” (Hemingway,1952,P246). Finally, the Sharks were defeated by him. But the big fish turned to a big skeleton. Although he loses the battle, he gets his moral achievement and fails in a heroic way. The old man is no t defeated in his spirit. In readers’ eyes, the old man is a winner.3.4 A Self-confident and Hopeful Tough ManThe fish man Santiago was self-confident and hopeful, he always had a confidant mind toward the future. In his eyes, everyday is a new day. The old man did not catch any fish in the first forty days, and the boy was taken away by his parents. How unlucky and lonely the old man was! But the old man did not give up, and he was full of hope.When he did not catch a fish in the eighty- four day, he thought he should catch a big fish this time. He was full of hope and he always was confident. He always thought he was a strange old man. From the beginning of the story, we are able to see that in his eyes. Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated. When the boy told him that he knew where he could get four baits and gave him, he said he only needed one. His hope and his confidence had never gone. When the boy asked if he was strong enough for a truly big fish, he said he was strong enough and he had many tricks. “I may not be as strong as I think,” the old man said, “But I know many tricks and I have resolution.” When he looked down into the water and watched the lines that went straight down into the dark of the water, he thought, “I keep them with precision; only I have no luck any more. But who knows? Maybe today. Every day is a new day. It is better to be lucky. But I would rather be exact. Then when luck comes you are ready”(Liu Cuixiang,1999,P116). When the old man watched the flying fish bursting out repeatedly and the ineffectual movements of the birds, he thought that the school had gotten away from him. They were moving out too fast and too far. But perhaps he would pick up a stray and perhaps his big fish was around them. His big fish must be somewhere. When the big fish moved steadily and they traveled slowly on the calm water, the old man looked behind him and saw that no land was visible. He thought that makes no difference. He thought he could always come in on the glow from Havana. When the big fish made the far part of his circle, he thought he must hold all that he could. The strain would shorten his circle each time. Perhaps in an hour he would see him. And he believed that he could catch the big fish and kill him.He was full of hope all the time. “I will rest on the next turn as he goes out,” he said. “I feel much better. Then in two or three turns more I will have him.”“You work now, fish, he thought. I will take you at the turn.”“I will just steer south and west,” he said. “A man is never lost at sea and it is a long island” (Libing,1995,P249). When he put all of his efforts on starting it well out before the fish came alongside and pulling with all his strength, the fish pulled part way over, then righted himself, and swam away. You can do that. He told himself. You are good forever. When he hard beat the big fish, he met a lot of sharks. He always died. However, he said, “But man is not made for defeat, a man ca n be destroyed but not defeated.” Howconfident the old man is! He is always a winner in spirit.4. The Prime Feature of SantiagoSantiago as the leading character in the story, he is the hero in Hemingway’ heart. He is the epitome of the “tough man” pat terns which are portrayed by Hemingway in his lifetime. On this character body, it has mainly manifested former “tough man” patterns’ all superior qualities: the courage, the confidence, exquisite technique and outstanding quality. What is different is that Santiago has manifested a stronger willpower and the noble dignity as a result of the physical ability limitation.Meanwhile Santiago is a person of new type, he is different from the formerly any “tough man”, he is rich in connotation, good at pondering, full of the sympathy and the tender feeling and has the formidable moral strength.At last, t his subject image of the Santiago has reposed the author’ thought which is more positive and completive to the human destiny and the existence value, it is aloof in the social life, and deep in social reality. Finally, the careful dramatic conflict in the story has manifested the human nature the sociality which is demonstrated in human living environment. While throwing attention to the character destiny, the author has not only separated attention from society, but also having paid attention to the human and the nature as well as person and society’s relations in a deeper broader stratification planes. Santiago by no means lives in the vacuum, he has closely contacting with the periphery person, and can enjoy the tender feeling, even when he is on the sea alone, he thinks all thought with the strong social color.5. ConclusionThis paper first briefly introduces the author Hemingway and the contents of the novel. Then give some information about the protagonist, Santiago, such as his social environment and his private life. Meanwhile this paper makes readers know the connection between Hemingway and Santiago more clearly. At last, the paper mainly show the images of the tough man by analyzing the protagonist’s words and deeds.Above all, the images of tough man is best expounded by the old man’ deeds. The old man was a man who never lost human dignity and he never compromised or hung back no matter how grave the situation was, how tremendous the difficulties were, or how terrific the God of death was with all those terrible things. Even if he suffered transient setback or defeat, he did not lose his courage or determination. He was a real portrait of Hemingway, the hero in life.Santiago, a defeated fisherman, was a real hero, an admirable hero. His persistent and dauntless spirit was just the sparkle of human spirit. Yes, a man can be destroyed. But never be defeated. What could be destroyed is only man’s body, his belief and spirit could never be defeated. This is the inspiration given by the esteemed old man to those so called “go through all hardships and difficulties” but always groans and sighs in the modern world.BibliographyBrenner Gerry. The Old Man and the Sea: story of a common man[M]. New York: Twayne publishers, 1991.Baker Carlos. Earnest Hemingway: a life story [M]. New York: Scriber, 1996 Donaldson, Scott Ed. The Cambridge Companion to Hemingway Cambridge [M]: Cambridge University of Alabama Press, 1999.Ernest Hemingway. The Old Man and the Sea[J], 译林出版社,2001.Encyclopedia American陈茂林海明威的自然观初探——《老人与海》的生态批评 [M] 江汉论坛.7(2003):100- 102.刘翠湘试论《老人与海》人物塑造的艺术手法[J] 湖南师范大学教育科学学报.1(1999):101- 105.李兵《老人与海》原型分析 [J] 南京社会科学19934。
老人与海读后感议论文
老人与海读后感议论文《老人与海》是美国文学大师海明威的代表作之一，也是他晚年创作的最后一部长篇小说。
这部小说以一个老渔夫孤独与顽强的精神为主线，展现了人类对于生存、挑战和命运的思考，同时也表达了作者对于生命的理解和对于人性的深刻洞察。
读完这部小说，我深受感动，产生了很多思考和感悟。
首先，小说中的老人桑地亚哥给我留下了深刻的印象。
他是一个孤独、顽强、坚韧的老人，一直在大海上打渔，但却长时间没有捕到鱼。
他的坚持和毅力令人敬佩，他对于生活的热爱和对于挑战的勇气让我深受触动。
即使在遭遇了失败和挫折之后，他依然不放弃，坚信自己的能力和命运，这种顽强的精神让我深受感动。
其次，小说中对于自然和命运的描绘也给我留下了深刻的印象。
大海是桑地亚哥的工作场所，也是他对于生活的理解和追求的象征。
海的浩瀚和深邃，海中的鱼群和风暴，都是作者对于自然的描绘和对于命运的思考。
在大海上，桑地亚哥面对着无尽的挑战和难题，他需要克服自然的力量，也需要接受命运的安排。
这种对于自然和命运的理解让我深受触动，也让我对于生活和命运有了更深层次的思考。
最后，小说中对于人性和生命的思考也给我留下了深刻的印象。
桑地亚哥虽然孤独，但他对于生活和人生的热爱从未减少。
在和大鱼搏斗的过程中，他展现了人性的顽强和勇敢，也展现了对于生命的珍惜和对于挑战的追求。
这种对于人性和生命的思考让我深受感动，也让我对于自己的生活和命运有了更深刻的认识。
总的来说，《老人与海》是一部充满哲理和智慧的小说，它通过一个老渔夫的故事，展现了作者对于生活和人性的思考，也让读者对于生命和命运有了更深层次的思考。
读完这部小说，我深受感动，也产生了很多思考和感悟。
我相信，这部小说会一直陪伴着我，让我在生活中更加勇敢和坚韧，也让我对于生命和命运有了更深刻的理解。
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目录一．海明威及作品简介………………………………（1—3）二．小说的创作寓义分析……………………………（4---10）（一）圣地亚哥的“硬汉”形象分析………………（4---6）（二）小说写作手法的分析…………………………（6---8）(三) 小说创作寓意的分析…………………………（8---10）三．小说的现代意义………………………………（11—12）（一）从容的自信，不以环境变化而变化的自信，是不用与他人比较的自信 (12)（二）生命不息，奋斗不止的硬汉精神 (12)四．结语 (13)五．参考文献 (14)浅析海明威《老人与海》的小说意义2011中文本：赵俊霞学号：1161001205460【内容摘要】：《老人与海》是海明威最杰出的作品之一,它的创作寓意是极其深远而丰富的。
小说塑造的主人公圣地亚哥被认为是海明威精神思想的集中体现，是海明威式英雄中最完美的人物形象。
本文结合对海明威创作历程的探究，主要从小说的内容、写作特色等方面综合分析来揭示小说的写作寓意，旨在通过对老人圣地亚哥的不屈不挠的抗争精神与悲剧命运的分析，阐述小说的现代意义，对处在现实社会困境中的人们有一定的启发作用。
【关键词】：海明威圣地亚哥大海厄内斯特·海明威(1899-1961)是美国上个世纪最著名的小说家和短篇故事作家之一，他是“迷惘的一代”的杰出代表，也是第六个获得诺贝尔文学奖的美国人。
他以塑造那些在强大的压力下不失风度的主人公而在文坛上负有盛名，他的作品塑造了众多顽强拼搏、临危不惧的“硬汉”形象，给人们留下了深刻的印象，并以精通叙事艺术、文字语言简洁、风格独特而备受尊崇。
最能体现他的精神思想与创作风格的作品便是《老人与海》。
《老人与海》是海明威于1952年创作的一部中篇小说，也是作者生前发表的最后一部小说，这部小说带有寓言色彩，描写的是主人公古巴老渔民圣地亚哥捕鱼的故事。
小说一经问世，便在国际上引起了强烈的反响，相继获得了1953年美国普利策奖和1954年诺贝尔文学奖。
海明威自称这是他“一辈子所能写的最好的一部作品。
海明威是这样评价他的作品《老人与海》的：“一艘船越过世界的尽头，驶向未知的大海，船头上悬挂着一面虽然饱经风雨剥蚀却依旧艳丽无比的旗帜，旗帜上，舞动着云龙一般的四个字闪闪发光——超越极限！”一、海明威及作品简介海明威是一位个性极为鲜明的作家，他的一生有着传奇般的经历，他曾参加过两次世界大战和西班牙战争，酷爱斗牛、打猎及各种各样的冒险活动。
他的躯体伤痕累累（身上曾取下237块弹片），精神上的创伤给他带来巨大的折磨和痛苦，但他一直在孜孜不倦地创作着，探索着人生价值和人的精神，直到生命的最后一分钟，所以，从这一点来看，他是一个真正的强者。
海明威的作品反映了他的人生经历，折射了他的精神思想，并且随着他的人生经历一起在变化、发展、不断升华。
在他一生中，先后出版了《太阳照样升起》、《永别了，武器》、《丧钟为谁而鸣》、《老人与海》等代表作，在作品中塑造的一系列打不败的“硬汉”形象，给人们留下了深刻的印象。
人们通过研究海明威的作品发现，在他的作品中始终有一种“迷惘”的情绪。
从《太阳照样升起》到《老人与海》，海明威“迷惘”的创作个性特征始终存在着。
“《太阳照样升起》被称为‘迷惘的一代’的代表作……《永别了，武器》这部倾向鲜明的作品里仍然显示着他迷惘的个性特征……乔丹是自觉的战士，他不属于‘迷惘的一代’。
但是他身上仍然摆脱不了迷惘的阴影……”“《老人与海》中那个倔强的老人是海明威悲剧中最后一个英雄……这里，迷惘的大雾笼罩了整个作品。
”[1]在80年代初期，曾卓就表达了这样的观点，他认为：“虽然‘迷惘的一代’作为一个文学流派在进入30年代后就已瓦解，从思想上说，晚年的海明威仍然是一个‘迷惘者’。
”[2]林骧华也撰文指出：“从《太阳照样升起》到《老人与海》，写的是西方社会中大多数人常遭失败的共同命运。
‘迷惘’是一种时代病症。
”[3]虽然在这些作品中都有迷惘，但迷惘的意义却各有不同。
随着海明威人生经历及个人情感的不断变化，迷惘逐渐从最初的消极颓废变成积极进取、平和超脱的一种人生基调与思想精神。
海明威的创作哲学主要是：力图反映当代的现实，特别是时代的精神。
小说《老人与海》的主人公就是他那种“人可以被消灭而不可被击败”的精神信念的最典型的“硬汉”形象。
老人圣地亚哥“贫穷却不自卑，辛勤劳作，对自己认真负责，对生活充满信心，不愤世嫉俗、怨天尤人，平静地接受命运给予的角色并且勇敢地与厄运抗争到底”。
小说中，圣地亚哥捕鱼不但是为了“养活自己”，而且是“为了光荣”。
“鱼一方面养活我，一方面要弄死我”，因此他必须战胜鱼。
当他终于把大鱼制服，实现了他的目标，当他以胜利者的姿态返航时，却又遇到了更凶险的对手：鲨鱼。
经过一场殊死的搏斗，最后，老人失败了，大马林鱼只剩下一幅空骨头架子。
在他失败而归时，他没有气急败坏，没有怨天尤人，而是在一句“只怪我出海太远了”后平静地接受了这一切。
小说塑造了一个在重压下仍然保持优雅风度、在精神上积极乐观，永远不可战胜的老人形象，体现出超越的人格魅力和更强大的生命力。
二、小说的创作寓意分析《老人与海》的内容十分简单, 小说描写了一位老渔夫在海上捕鱼，经过了84天，他还没有捕到一条鱼，等到第85天，老人决定去渔夫们从未去过的深海去打鱼，以证明自己的能力和勇气。
在海上，老人发现了一条很大的马林鱼，但这鱼实在太大，把他的小船在海上拖了三天，在他克服了重重困难，经过艰难的搏斗之后，最终把鱼叉刺进了马林鱼的心脏。
但在返回的途中，老人遭遇到了鲨鱼的五次袭击，他用鱼叉、船桨和刀子勇敢地进行反击。
当他驾驶小船回到港口时，只剩下一副骨架，老人依然一无所得。
作品以简洁和含蓄的风格著称，采用冷静、客观的白描手法，用简约的语言塑造出老人的硬汉形象，富有象征意味。
书中人物少，情节简单，但寓义丰富而深刻，影响深远。
小说一开始，几句简短的语言描写就已经奠定了老人失败与孤独的命运基调，把一个孤独、失败的老人形象展现给读者-----“他是个独自在湾流中一条平底小帆船上钓鱼的老人，这一回已去了八十四天，没逮上一条鱼”，“倒霉到了极点”，捕鱼的同行像躲瘟疫一样的远离他。
他的打了补丁的船帆，“像是一面标志着永远失败的旗子”。
他曾有过妻子，但已去世的妻子只成了画像，映照着他的孤独。
他也有过年轻时的辉煌，并曾在角力中荣获过人人称羡的“冠军”。
但是现在，他却成了一面古老破败、伤痕累累的旗。
“他不再梦见风暴，不再梦见女人，不再梦见伟迹，不再梦见大鱼，不再梦见搏斗，不再梦见角力，不再梦见他的老婆”，仿佛他已一无所有。
正是这些不利因素最终决定了老人圣地亚哥的悲剧命运，老人的抗争就是在这样一种环境下进行的。
(一）圣地亚哥的“硬汉”形象分析老渔人圣地亚哥是海明威塑造的最后一位悲剧英雄，也是他一生塑造的硬汉性格的最后总结。
贫穷而又不走运的老渔夫圣地亚哥的命运是悲哀的，而他却又是一个失败的英雄，“打不败的失败者”，海明威的硬汉子品格通过圣地亚哥这一形象淋漓尽致的表现了出来，是海明威式“硬汉子”精神的集中体现。
圣地亚哥是一位孤独、失败而又英勇无畏、热爱生活、渴望胜利的打鱼老人，在小说里海明威通过对圣地亚哥八十四天海上漂流捕鱼生活的描写，向我们展现出了一个真实的孤独的世界。
老人的那种不屈不挠的，不畏艰险的，不怕失败的精神在这个孤独的环境里，显得是那么突出，一下子，一个高大，令人称畏的“硬汉形象”便展现在我们面前。
文章将从容貌、语言、行动三个方面对老人的形象进行具体的分析。
1、容貌:圣地亚哥是一个“独自在大海里的一只小船上打鱼的老头儿”。
他历经风霜、饱受艰难,岁月的流失在他身上留下了深深的烙印。
他“后颈上凝聚了深刻的皱纹,显得又瘦又憔悴”,“身上的每一部分都显得老迈”了,可是他的那双眼睛“跟海一样蓝,是愉快的,永不服输的”,还有他那虽然老迈却依然倔强坚挺的双肩,都让我们认识到这他虽然一生历经沧桑、厄运连连,却是一位性格刚毅的老人。
他从未被困难所击到,而总是对未来充满希望。
2、语言:老人的口气豪迈而自信,他十分清楚自己体力上的弱势,但他也十分相信自己在意志和经验上的优势。
他的话简短有力,没有多余的词,没有附加的解释,同时也坚定了小孩和读者对他的信念。
3、行动:圣地亚哥的行动正如他的言语一样,简洁而精确,没有多余的动作。
他的每个动作似乎经过精确计算,决不多浪费一点精力。
如他脱衣睡觉的动作,轻捷而实用,读起来让人有一种身临其境的感觉。
还需要指出的是，圣地亚哥的形象之所以感人至深，另一个重要的原因是：海明威选择了一位体力衰竭、风烛残年的老渔夫作为硬汉子精神的代表，而没有选择一个体格健壮、精力旺盛的年轻渔民充当作品的男主人公。
这种出人意料的年龄选择，使得小说中主人公的形象更为伟大，给人一种震撼性的力量，使得老人的硬汉精神显得更加崇高与永恒。
（二）小说写作手法的分析1、强烈的对比。
老人的性格威力就是在不懈地出海――捕大马林鱼――斗鲨等一系列冲突中逐渐显示出来的。
大马林鱼、凶鲨它们强壮有力，是海中的无敌将领，毫无畏惧，为所欲为；而老人年老体弱，孤单一人而临这样的强大的敌手，展开交锋和冲突是非常激烈的，老人能在最后打退一切进攻者，这种威力不能不让人赞叹。
这种以弱对强的斗争，能够强化矛盾的冲突，更鲜明地突出主体性格的深厚层次（坚强）。
2、象征手法的运用虽然海明威自己说：“没有什么象征意义的东西，大海就是大海，老人就是老人，孩子就是孩子，鱼就是鱼，鲨鱼就是鲨鱼，不比别的鲨鱼好，也不比别的鲨鱼坏”[4]但这种象征手法却体现在小说中，具体表现在以下几个方面：（1）大海是生存环境的象征大海在整篇故事中起着举足轻重的作用，它是圣地亚哥老人赖以生存的物质世界，是他生活的全部内容，海为他准备了神秘的大鱼，为他提供了展示其无比的勇气和毅力的场所。
圣地亚哥热爱着大海，因此，他总将大海视为女人。
独自在海上的日子，桑提亚哥看日升日落、观月隐月现，与鱼鸟作伴，和风水对话，他也变成了大海的一部分。
“海洋是仁慈的，十分美丽的，”最终给予了老人一条“比小船还长两英尺”的大马林鱼。
可是海洋又是残忍的——那此成群结队而来鲨鱼夺走了他辛苦追捕到的大鱼，粉碎了他的“果实”。
老人的孤独与快乐、斗争与失败都和大海相联系。
老人与大海的关系是既依存于大海又要与大海斗争。
他不仅仅从大海获得生存条件、生存技巧，还从大海获得朋友和对手。
大海是他的生活场所和战斗场所，也将成为他的最后归宿。
（2）鲨鱼是恶势力的代表关于小说中的“鲨鱼”的象征意义，也有多种不同的解释。
海明威自己明确地说过。
“那可恶的鲨鱼……，就好比所得税。
我努力工作，碰上好运气。
我得到一张数目可观的支票，于是所得税就象鲨鱼一样跟踪而来，用尖利的牙齿大块大块地咬着吃，那老人没说到这个，我却说到了”显然海明威这里的“鲨鱼”是充斥于他所处世界中恶势力的象征。