外研版高二英语语言点

外研版高二英语语言点

语言点一

Study the notes to the difficult sentences:

1. Roy laughed too， a loud happy laugh. 罗伊也笑了，高声地幸福地笑了。Laughed a loud happy laugh是同源宾语。

同源宾语在结构上与某些及物动词有关联，以名词形式重复动词的全部或部分意义，是一种特殊的直接宾语。例如:I dream a good dream. 同源宾语只是一种习惯用法，并非任何动词都可以接同源宾语。另外，有的同源宾语只是重复动词的意义，从词源角度来看两个词并不同源。如:She only slept a wink last night.

2. ...but my father had been offered a better job in London， ...我父亲在伦敦得到一份工作。句中offer是双宾语的及物动词，主动式是offer sb sth，构成 S 十 V 十 O1 十

O2 句式。在此句式中， V 是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有 give ， ask ， bring ， offer ， send ，pay ， lend ， show ， tell ， buy ， get 等。例如:He gave me a book/a book to me .他给我一本书。 He brought me

a pen/a pen to me .他带给我一枝钢笔。

3. I felt shy and lonely at my new school. 我在新的学校感到腼腆，孤独。句子中的feel是半系动词。又如:This may

seem strange to you. 句子中的seem也是半系动词。半系动词有:seem， look， feel， smell， sound， stand， keep （stand， keep 这两个动词也可以用作系动词，如stand still （站住，不许动！）， keep fit （保持身体健康），remain （如:remain modest保持谦虚），还有stay（如:stay happily married/保持快乐的婚姻）。

4. We trusted each other and we could talk about personal matters， things that were important to us.我们相互信赖，可以谈些私事，就是对我们重要的事情。句中逗号后面thins是matters的同位语。请看同位语的构成:1）名词及其短语（有时有逗号隔开）:George Bush，the present American president，was the governor of the state of Te_as. I want very much to read these new novels，especially the one you mentioned.2）动名词短语（有逗号隔开）:He enjoys the e_ercise，swimming in winter.Asking him to join us，

that's a good idea.3）不定式短语（有时有逗号隔

开）:There is one thing he'll never do-tell lies.The question what to do ne_t hasn't been considered.4）形容词及其短语（有逗号隔开） :He，short and thin，is unfit for the job.All the countries，big or small，are

equal.5）介词短语（有时有逗号隔开）:As the head of the pany，he had to e_plain what had happened.=He，the head

of the pany，had to e_- plain what had happened. 6）名词性从句（其前面的先行词一般都带有定冠词the）。这样的先行词有fact，news，truth，knowledge， idea，hope，question，problem，assumption等。例如: You have yet to answer my question whether you can lend me your bike. They had to face the fact that the nearest filling station is

30kilometers away.

5. Roy， who had always been very close to his father， changed pletely， being silent and moody. 罗伊，和他父亲关系很好，完全变了，变的沉默和抑郁了。句中who引导的是非限制性定语。定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如:This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）The house， which we bought last month，is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如:Charles Smith， who was my former teacher， retired last year. 查理o史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。My house， which I bought last year， has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着