主谓一致讲解及练习附答案

主谓一致

【考纲说明】

1）掌握主谓一致三大原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原则

2）学会分析句式，排除干扰，分清主谓，明了句子的主谓关系

3）本专题以单项选择、单词拼写和词形转换的考查为主，分值为1—2分。

【知识梳理】

一、定义：谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。主谓一

致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。

二、语法一致原则

概念：即在谓语和主语在语法形式上取得一致。如：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数；主

语为复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。但须注意下列几种情况：

1）以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

To start smoking is quite easy, but to give it up needs courage.

开始吸烟很容易，但是要戒烟却需要勇气。

Reading is learning. 读书就是学习。

What you need most is to have a good sleep.你所需要的就是好好睡一觉。

【注意】：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式。但若表语是“复

数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构”时，主句的谓语动词用复数。

What I bought is three English books. 我买的是三本英语书。

What I say and do are helpful for you. 我所说的和做的对你是有帮助的。

2）由and 或both...and来连接并列主语时，谓语用复数。

John and Ann are good friends. 约翰和安都是好朋友。

Both Lucy and Lily are students。.露西和莉莉都是学生。

【注意】：由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别被no, each, every， every … and (every)…， each …and (each)…， no …and (no)… ,或many a ， many a …and (many a)…， more than one, 修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。

Each boy and each girl was given a new book.

每一个男孩和每一个女孩都给了一本书。

More than one student is interested in the book.不止一个学生对这书感兴趣。

3）如果主语后接 with,together with， along with， as well as, like, but, except, besides，including, no less than, rather than ,as much as，more than，等介词短语，其谓语动词单复数形式由主语单复数形式决定。

An English teacher together with some students has climbed to the top of the mountain. 一位英语老师和几个学生已经爬到了山顶。

She, like you and Tom, is very tall.像你和汤姆那样她很高。

4）不定代词each, each one，either, neither 和由 some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

Each of the students has a book. 每个学生都有一本书。

5）“a lot of （lots of， plenty of， a head of， heaps of， the rest（majority）of ，some（many，anymore，most， all等）of＋+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词（短语）保持一致。

Some of the sugar is wet. 有些糖是湿的。

Most of the students in our class are league. 我们班上大多数学生是团员。

Half of the apples are given to the children.一半的苹果送给孩子们。

6）“a number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“The number of+复数名词”

作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

A large number of buildings were burnt down.许多楼房被毁了。

A number of trees are cut down. 许多树被砍倒了

7）由“分数或百分数+of +名词（或代词）”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词（短语）保持一致。

Two thirds of the country is dry or desert.

这个国家的三分之二的地方气候干燥或者是沙漠地区。

Two thirds of the people present are against the plan.

在场的三分之二的人反对这个计划。

More than 70 percent of the surface of our earth is covered by water.

我们地球的70%的表面被水所覆盖。

8）如果主语是由“a kind of, 或this/that kind of, a series ( a species) of ，a pair of等 + 名词”构成谓语动词通常用单数形式。

This kind of men is dangerous.这种人是危险的。

Is this kind of car made in Shanghai ?这种汽车是上海制造的吗？

【注意】"these/those kinds of＋复数名词"作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。

Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day. 每天能制作15双鞋。

9）某些只有复数形式的名词（clothes， trousers, shorts, shoes, gloves...）作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

My shoes were worn out. 我的鞋子穿坏了。

三、意义一致原则

概念：意义一致原则，即谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的内在涵义。

用法：

1）由 and 连接的两个名词，如果是指同一概念（即and 后无冠词），则谓语动词用单数形式。

The manager and secretary is absent at the meeting.经理兼书记没有出席会议。The manager and the secretary are busy now.经理和书记现在都很忙。

Their teacher and friend is Mr. Li.他们的老师和朋友是李先生。

2）表示总称意义的形单意复的名词，如people, police, cattle 等作主语时，只当作复数看待，谓语在任何情况下都用复数。

The police are searching for a murderer in that mountain.

警察正在山中搜寻一名杀人犯。

3）表示时间、距离、金钱等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时，谓语用单数。

Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown. 他离开家乡20年了。

Five dollars is enough. 5美元就够了。

4）以集体名词army, class, enemy, family, government, group, team，crew，crowd，