The_last_leaf_句法分析
最后一片叶子The-Last-Leaf-赏析
最后一片叶子T h e-L a s t-L e a f-赏析(总4页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--最后一片叶子The Last Leaf 赏析【摘要】美国著名短篇小说家欧·亨利《最后一片叶子》描写了一个已经濒于死亡的贫穷女画家乔安西因为一片永不凋落的常春藤叶而恢复健康的离奇故事，塑造了一个命运不济，但品德高尚的老画家贝尔门的形象，歌颂了他舍己为人的崇高精神，从而唱出了一曲生命与希望的赞歌，歌颂了人性的美与善。
《最后一片叶子》作为欧·亨利的代表作，充分体现了这位“世界短篇小说之王”的创作特色。
文中作者着力挖掘和赞美小人物的伟大人格和高尚品德，展示他们向往人性世界的美好愿望The Novel "The Last Leaf" is about a young girl decidesthat she will die when the last leaf drops from a dying vine outside her window, as lingering pneumonia slowly takes her will to live. Her neighbor, Art Carney, is an elderly artist frustrated by his inability to paint what is in his heart. In an attempt to save the young girl, he creates the masterpiece he has been struggling to paint. A beautifully shot and moving story. This excellent short novel is my favorite story. Art Carney does a great job, although his character is French in this version, as opposed to the German character in the book. and just like the book,it truly touched the heart of its reader.【关键词】生命；希望；赞歌；一、希望的使者“当最后一片叶子落下时，生命就都结束了，我也得离开这个世界而去了”，女画家乔安西，患了肺炎濒临大限时，丧失了生的希望，她天天躺在床上望着窗外长春藤上的叶子想：等到最后一片叶子凋零时，我的生命也就走到了尽头。
最后一片叶子The-Last-Leaf-赏析
最后一片叶子The-Last-Leaf-赏析
《The Last Leaf》是美国著名作家奥恩斯坦伯格创作的美丽感人的短篇小说。
乔瓦
尼（Johnsy）是一位很有天赋的艺术家，但是在秋日中患上恶劣的肺病，体重急剧减轻，
急需抢救。
不久，她的生命垂危，她定义了一个游戏，他说第一片枯黄的叶子从枝头掉下
来她就会离开人世。
格伦（Behme）是一个年遽长老，他对乔瓦尼极为关心。
当他看到乔瓦尼这样迟期把
临终之交，心里孤寂而震动。
夜里，他独自去散步，就像在接受抗争的考验。
夜晚，他偷
偷爬到楼上，用他的老手拼拼凑凑描绘出一片绿叶，藏在乔瓦尼的窗外，并献给她。
当乔瓦尼从绝病中苏醒，她惊叹窗外一片翠绿叶子，而这片绿叶不仅意味着她的生命
即将延续，更代表了格伦对他的无私付出。
从《The Last Leaf》我们可以感受到作者给我们传达出来的含义：勇敢地面对挫折，勇往直前，克服困境，积极面对生活，不断努力，永不放弃，不要轻言放弃。
最后，《The Last Leaf》向我们展示了无私的爱，让我们见证了爱的奇妙与力量。
无论一个人处于怎样的境况，都可以带来爱的温暖和模范的精神。
The_last_leaf(最后一片叶子)
Many artists lived in the Greenwich Village area of New York. Two young women named Sue and Johnsy shared a studio apartment at the top of a three-story building. Johnsy's real name was Joanna.In November, a cold, unseen stranger came to visit the city. This disease, pneumonia, killed many people. Johnsy lay on her bed, hardly moving. She looked through the small window. She could see the side of the brick house next to her building.One morning, a doctor examined Johnsy and took her temperature. Then he spoke with Sue in another room."She has one chance in -- let us say ten," he said. "And that chance is for her to want to live. Your friend has made up her mind that she is not going to get well. Has she anything on her mind?""She -- she wanted to paint the Bay of Naples in Italy some day," said Sue."Paint?" said the doctor. "Bosh! Has she anything on her mind worth thinking twice -- a man for example?""A man?" said Sue. "Is a man worth -- but, no, doctor; there is nothing of the kind.""I will do all that science can do," said the doctor. "But whenever my patient begins to count the carriages at her funeral, I take away fifty percent from the curative power of medicines."After the doctor had gone, Sue went into the workroom and cried. Then she went to Johnsy's room with her drawing board, whistling ragtime.Johnsy lay with her face toward the window. Sue stopped whistling, thinking she was asleep. She began making a pen and ink drawing for a story in a magazine. Young artists must work their way to "Art" by making pictures for magazine stories. Sue heard a low sound, several times repeated. She went quickly to the bedside.Johnsy's eyes were open wide. She was looking out the window and counting -- counting backward. "Twelve," she said, and a little later "eleven"; and then "ten" and "nine;" and then "eight" and "seven," almost together.Sue looked out the window. What was there to count? There was only an empty yard and the blank side of the house seven meters away. An oldivy vine, going bad at the roots, climbed half way up the wall. The cold breath of autumn had stricken leaves from the plant until its branches, almost bare, hung on the bricks."What is it, dear?" asked Sue."Six," said Johnsy, quietly. "They're falling faster now. Three days ago there were almost a hundred. It made my head hurt to count them. But now it's easy. There goes another one. There are only five left now.""Five what, dear?" asked Sue."Leaves. On the plant. When the last one falls I must go, too. I've known that for three days. Didn't the doctor tell you?""Oh, I never heard of such a thing," said Sue. "What have old ivy leaves to do with your getting well? And you used to love that vine. Don't be silly. Why, the doctor told me this morning that your chances for getting well real soon were -- let's see exactly what he said ¨C he said the chances were ten to one! Try to eat some soup now. And, let me go back to my drawing, so I can sell it to the magazine and buy food and wine for us.""You needn't get any more wine," said Johnsy, keeping her eyes fixed out the window. "There goes another one. No, I don't want any soup. That leaves just four. I want to see the last one fall before it gets dark. Then I'll go, too.""Johnsy, dear," said Sue, "will you promise me to keep your eyes closed, and not look out the window until I am done working? I must hand those drawings in by tomorrow.""Tell me as soon as you have finished," said Johnsy, closing her eyes and lying white and still as a fallen statue. "I want to see the last one fall. I'm tired of waiting. I'm tired of thinking. I want to turn loose my hold on everything, and go sailing down, down, just like one of those poor, tired leaves.""Try to sleep," said Sue. "I must call Mister Behrman up to be my model for my drawing of an old miner. Don't try to move until I come back."Old Behrman was a painter who lived on the ground floor of the apartment building. Behrman was a failure in art. For years, he had always beenplanning to paint a work of art, but had never yet begun it.He earned a little money by serving as a model to artists who could not pay for a professional model. He was a fierce, little, old man who protected the two young women in the studio apartment above him.Sue found Behrman in his room. In one area was a blank canvas that had been waiting twenty-five years for the first line of paint. Sue told him about Johnsy and how she feared that her friend would float away like a leaf.Old Behrman was angered at such an idea. "Are there people in the world with the foolishness to die because leaves drop off a vine? Why do you let that silly business come in her brain?""She is very sick and weak," said Sue, "and the disease has left her mind full of strange ideas.""This is not any place in which one so good as Miss Johnsy shall lie sick," yelled Behrman. "Some day I will paint a masterpiece, and we shall all go away."Johnsy was sleeping when they went upstairs. Sue pulled the shade down to cover the window. She and Behrman went into the other room. They looked out a window fearfully at the ivy vine. Then they looked at each other without speaking. A cold rain was falling, mixed with snow.Behrman sat and posed as the miner.The next morning, Sue awoke after an hour's sleep. She found Johnsy with wide-open eyes staring at the covered window."Pull up the shade; I want to see," she ordered, quietly.Sue obeyed.After the beating rain and fierce wind that blew through the night, there yet stood against the wall one ivy leaf. It was the last one on the vine. It was still dark green at the center. But its edges were colored with the yellow. It hung bravely from the branch about seven meters above the ground."It is the last one," said Johnsy. "I thought it would surely fall during the night. I heard the wind. It will fall today and I shall die at the same time.""Dear, dear!" said Sue, leaning her worn face down toward the bed. "Think of me, if you won't think of yourself. What would I do?"But Johnsy did not answer.The next morning, when it was light, Johnsy demanded that the window shade be raised. The ivy leaf was still there. Johnsy lay for a long time, looking at it. And then she called to Sue, who was preparing chicken soup."I've been a bad girl," said Johnsy. "Something has made that last leaf stay there to show me how bad I was. It is wrong to want to die. You may bring me a little soup now."An hour later she said: "Someday I hope to paint the Bay of Naples."Later in the day, the doctor came, and Sue talked to him in the hallway."Even chances," said the doctor. "With good care, you'll win. And now I must see another case I have in your building. Behrman, his name is -- some kind of an artist, I believe. Pneumonia, too. He is an old, weak man and his case is severe. There is no hope for him; but he goes to the hospital today to ease his pain."The next day, the doctor said to Sue: "She's out of danger. You won. Nutrition and care now -- that's all."Later that day, Sue came to the bed where Johnsy lay, and put one arm around her."I have something to tell you, white mouse," she said. "Mister Behrman died of pneumonia today in the hospital. He was sick only two days. They found him the morning of the first day in his room downstairs helpless with pain. His shoes and clothing were completely wet and icy cold. They could not imagine where he had been on such a terrible night.And then they found a lantern, still lighted. And they found a ladder that had been moved from its place. And art supplies and a painting board with green and yellow colors mixed on it.And look out the window, dear, at the last ivy leaf on the wall. Didn't you wonder why it never moved when the wind blew? Ah, darling, it is Behrman's masterpiece ¨C he painted it there the night that the last leaf fell."。
the-last-leaf欧亨利复习过程
In one corner was a blank canvas on an easel that had been waiting there for forty
years to receive the first line of the masterpiece.
His masterpiece is best in my heart
the main characters
Johnsy
I feel so sick and I’m tired. I know I will die
soon. I just want to hold on until the last leaf of the Ivy branch falls. Soon the last leaf wll fall, and I will
die, too.
Sue
I'm just a poor artist living with my best friend Johnsy. It's getting really cold, and Johnsy has come down with pneumonia. The doctor doesn't give Johnsy much hope of surviving. This breaks my heart.
THANK YOU!
Masterpiece
Old Behrman
painter live on the ground floor over sixty long white beard a failure in art serving as a model fierce little man
Unit8LiteratureLesson1TheLastLeaf教学设计-高二下学期英语北师大版选
北师大版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit 8 LiteratureLesson 1 The Last Leaf教材分析：《北师大版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit 8 Literature Lesson 1 The Last Leaf》是高二英语课本中的一节课程，教材主要讲述了美国作家奧·亨利的短篇小说《最后一片叶子》。
这个故事以20世纪初纽约一个贫困画家约翰尼和他的女友苏尼为主要人物，通过描写外面正在飘落的秋叶，以及苏尼因身患重病而丧失信心，约翰尼坚持在苏尼面前画一幅假叶子，给她带来希望与力量的故事。
教学目标：1.阅读并理解短篇小说《最后一片叶子》的主要内容和情感表达。
2.学习并掌握本课所涉及的词汇、词组和句型。
3.培养学生阅读理解、口头表达、写作等综合语言运用能力。
教学重点：1.理解短篇小说的主要内容和情感表达。
2.掌握本课所涉及的词汇、词组和句型。
教学难点：1.理解短篇小说中的隐含含义和情感表达。
2.运用所学知识进行口头和书面表达。
学情分析：学生是高二年级的学生，学习英语已有一定的基础，能够理解简单的英语文章和对话。
他们具有较强的阅读和听力能力，但在写作和口语表达方面可能存在一些困难。
教学策略：1.激发学生学习兴趣，提高学习积极性，可通过介绍奧·亨利的作品和故事背景，引发学生对小说的兴趣。
2.重点培养学生的阅读理解能力和文学鉴赏能力，可引导学生进行分组阅读，提供相关问题进行讨论。
3.通过情感教育引导学生认识到希望与坚持的重要性，激发他们的积极向上的情感。
教学方法：1.任务型教学法：以学生为主体，设计多个任务，让学生通过阅读、讨论和表达来完成任务。
2.学生中心的教学法：注重培养学生的自主学习能力，通过小组讨论和合作学习，让学生在互动中掌握知识和技能。
3.多媒体教学法：利用多媒体教学手段，如图片、音频等来呈现教材内容，提高学生的学习兴趣和理解能力。
导入环节（约5分钟）：教学内容：介绍故事背景，引入主题教学活动：组织学生回忆上一课《浪漫的爱情故事》中Bill 和Sue的故事。
全新版大学英语综合教程3thelastleaf文段赏析
• The wind whistled through the trees. 风穿过树丛，树叶哗哗作响
第二十二页，编辑于星期六：十一点 二十五分。
pun（双关）
• 用同音异义或者一词二义来达到诙谐幽默的 效果：表面上是一个意思，而实际上却暗含 另一个意思，这种暗含的意思才是句子真正 的目的所在。
• She read the long-awaited letter with a tearful smile. 她带 着含泪的微笑读那封盼望已久的信。
• The coach had to be cruel to be kind to his trainees.教 练为了对他的受训者仁慈就要对他们残酷。
• A cannonball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (arms可指手臂或者武器) 一发炮弹打断了他的腿，所以他缴械投降了 。
第二十三页，编辑于星期六：十一点 二十五分。
euphemism（委婉）
• 用温和的、间接的词语代替生硬的、粗俗的词语，以免直接说出 不愉快的事实冒犯别人或者造成令人窘迫、沮丧的局面。
4
• “我看，她的病只有一成希望，”他说，“这一成希望在于她自己 要不要活下去。你的这位小姐满肚子以为自己不会好了。她有什么 心事吗？”
• "She has one chance in ten," he said, " And that chance is
for her to want to live. Your little lady has made up her mind that she's not going to get well. Has she anything on her mind?"
英汉互译 翻译赏析
2. 翻译与故事人物相关的内容时一定要考虑到该 人物的角色特点，然后用心体会，才能得到最恰
当的译文。
3. 翻译时要考虑到文化背景的差异，译后的语句 一定要符合该文化的日常用语习惯。
参考书目
［１］欧.亨利作品选/戴欣译注.--天津：天津人民出版社，2002
［２］欧.亨利短篇小说选/（美）亨利（Henry,o.） 著；王永年译.--北京：人民文学出版社，2006.2
评析：贝尔曼一直很关心琼珊和苏，所以在被告知琼珊的事之后，他因情绪
低落而有些微的不耐烦。我们认为这里戴欣的“你可真是婆婆妈妈的”相对更为 恰当，这更符合汉语里的口头用语习惯，也更符合贝尔曼的身份和心情。
to be easily seen;to be noticeable 显眼，突出 牛津高阶英汉双解词典
戴欣 王永年 （以下简称戴） （以下简称王）
The Translator王永年（ 1927-2012 ），著名翻译家，浙江定海人，精通 戴欣 女、汉族、 1958 年出生、副教授。1977年毕业于南开 英文、俄文、西班牙文、意大利文等多种外语，1959年起 大学。 研究方向：英美文学，拥有二十年的英语教学经验。 担任中华人民共和国新华通讯社西班牙语译审，他翻译新 闻稿以精练、准确著名，到1980年代中期稿件就已超过 曾获新加坡政府奖学金，在新加坡南洋理工大学教育学院学 500万字。1979年，由他翻译成西班牙文的2篇中国新闻稿 习教育类研究生课程，主要研究方向为英美文学和文学作品 在墨西哥得奖。他以王仲年笔名翻译的系列欧·亨利小说， 出版多种版本，备受英美文学研究者的好评。他是中国从 的翻译。已发表多篇文学类论文和教学研究类论文。发表译 原文翻译《十日谈 》的第一人。代表作品是《博尔赫斯小 著《欧 .亨利作品选》一部。 说中译本》。
功能对等理论下《最后一片叶子》汉译本翻译评论
功能对等理论下《最后一片叶子》汉译本翻译评论作者：施春霞来源：《校园英语·月末》2022年第07期摘要：欧·亨利是19世纪伟大的短篇小说家，他用看似幽默实则心酸的语言揭示了美国底层人民的生活，他的笔下大多是一些微不足道的小人物，欧·亨利式的结尾常常给人带来意想不到的结局。
《最后一片叶子》描写了纽约底层人民的辛酸，语言生动有趣。
本文在奈达的功能对等理论的指导下，对比评析了黄源深和吴文智两位译者的译本，从词汇、修辞和句子三个层面进行了对比和分析，体现欧·亨利语言的精美。
关键词：欧·亨利;功能对等;修辞;翻译评论作者简介：施春霞，安徽新华学院。
一、作者及作品简介欧·亨利（O.Henry），原名威廉·西德尼·伯特（William Sydney Porter），美国著名短篇小说家，现代短篇小说创始人，代表作品有《麦琪的礼物》《警察与赞美诗》《最后一片叶子》等。
《最后一片叶子》是欧·亨利的代表作之一。
故事发生在华盛顿贫民窟，在寒冷的11月，琼希患上了严重的肺炎，基本上丧失了生的希望，她将窗外的最后一片常春藤叶子作为其生命的象征，休为了挽救她的好朋友，将琼希的想法告诉了她们的邻居贝尔曼。
第二天，心灰意冷的琼希打开窗帘，看到最后一片叶子经历一夜的风雨后，仍顽强停留在常春藤上，她因此重新燃起生的希望。
殊不知，这片叶子是贝尔曼在风雨交加的夜晚偷偷画在墙上的，但他也因此而感染了肺炎，不幸離世，在生命的最后一刻，他完成了此生最震撼的杰作，挽救了一位年轻人的生命。
二、译者简介黄源深，悉尼大学硕士，1940年生于浙江新昌，1962年参加工作，担任华东师范大学外语系教授，华东师范大学外语系主任，现为上海对外经贸大学教授。
他的主要译作有《简·爱》《归宿》《最后一片叶子》等。
吴文智，笔名兆彬，安徽歙县人。
上海外国语大学毕业，原南京军区军事医学研究所医学信息室主任，长期从事医学信息研究、外语翻译实践与研究。
the_last_leaf解读
William Sydney Porter
the main characters
I'm just a poor artist living with my best friend Johnsy. It's getting really cold, and Johnsy has come down with pneumonia. The doctor doesn't give Johnsy much hope of surviving. This breaks my heart.
The Last Leaf
O.Henry
O. Henry (1862-1910)
Charged with embezzling funds from the bank in Texas, fled to Honduras When his wife was dying, he returned to Texas in 1897; he turned himself to the authorities and served three years in prison he began to write short stories used the pseudonym O. Henry.
I feel so sick and I’m tired. I know I will die soon. I just want to hold on until the last leaf of the Ivy branch falls. Soon the last leaf wll fall, and I will What is this nonsense? die, too. The little girl thinks she will die when a leaf falls from a vine? This is crazy i must do something to protect the poor little thing
读后续写TheLastLeaf课件高考英语二轮专题复习(10)
篇章大师 Passage Person
Behrman and Sue looked out the window at the ivy and noticed that there was just one remaining leaf. What’s more, a cold rain was falling, mixed with snow. Behrman was so worried about Johnsy’s health that he hoped to find a way to give her strength.
文体
记叙文 narrative
时态
一般过去时 past tense
人称
第三人称 third person
篇章大师 Passage Person
Sue gently took Johnsy’s hand, “Please Johnsy, be strong. The doctor says you will be alright.” said Sue. “I am so tired of coughing all the time, and of seeing you work so hard to support me. I want to rest, to slip away quietly like those falling leaves.” replied Johnsy.
05 Sue had no choice but to turn to their poor neighbor, Mr Behrman, for help. He was a painter too, but he hadn’t painted anything in a long time. Some people believed he simply had no talent. But he believed someday he would paint a masterpiece. Sue told him that the doctor said Johnsy could still recover if she found the will to live.
高中英语_英文名著阅读Thelastleaf教学设计学情分析教材分析课后反思
高中英语_英文名著阅读Thelastleaf教学设计学情分析教材分析课后反思Teaching aims：知识目标1. Enable the students to understand three elements in a novel.2. Enable the students to know some knowledge about O. Henry能力目标1. Help the students develop students’ reading ability and let them learn different reading skills such as skimming, scanning.2. Let students learn what the last leaf stands for.情感目标1Appreciation of the language --Personification(拟人)2. Know more about the symbol of lifeImportant points：1.What is the symbol of leaves?2.What is the main thread that runs through the whole story? Teaching procedures:1 before-reading A short video about a leaf and the brainstormWhat is the symbol of leaves?2 while-readingA novel often contains three elementsSetting when and where did the story happen?Character who are the characters in the story?Plot How does the story develop and what’s theending?3.Post-reading(1)What do you want to know about the characters in the story?(2)Appreciation of the language --Personification(拟人)(3)The last leaf is the main thread that runs through the whole story(4)You are required to complete the story according to the requirements below.(5)What can we learn from the story?HomeworkAppreciate the original novel.Write a summary of The last leaf.学情分析学习的对象是刚进入高中高一学生，他们的英语基础薄，特别是由于词汇量缺乏，阅读习惯不好，导致阅读速度慢、阅读理解能力差。
The last leaf(最后一片树叶)
The last leafIn a little district west of Washington Square the streets have run crazy and broken themselves into small strips called "places." These "places" make strange angles and curves. One Street crosses itself a time or two. An artist once discovered a valuable possibility in this street. Suppose a collector with a bill for paints, paper and canvas should, in traversing this route, suddenly meet himself coming back, without a cent having been paid on account!So, to quaint old Greenwich Village the art people soon came prowling(徘徊，搜寻), hunting for north windows and eighteenth-century gables and Dutch attics and low rents. Then they imported some pewter mugs and a chafing dish or two from Sixth Avenue, and became a "colony."At the top of a squatty(矮胖的), three-story brick Sue and Johnsy had their studio. "Johnsy" was familiar for Joanna. One was from Maine; the other from California. They had met at the table d'hô te of an Eighth Street "Delmonico's," and found their tastes in art, chicory salad and bishop sleeves so congenial(意气相投的；性格相似的) that the joint studio resulted.That was in May. In November a cold, unseen stranger, whom the doctors called Pneumonia(肺炎), stalked（蔓延）about the colony, touching one here and there with his icy fingers. Over on the east side this ravager strode boldly, smiting（重击）his victims by scores, but his feet trod（践踏）slowly through the maze（迷宫）of the narrow and moss-grown "places."Mr. Pneumonia was not what you would call a chivalric（骑士的；有武士气概的）old gentleman. A mite(极小量) of a little woman with blood thinned by California zephyrs was hardly fair game for the red-fisted, short-breathed old duffer. But Johnsy she smote; and she lay, scarcely moving, on her painted iron bedstead, looking through the small Dutch window-panes at the blank side of the next brick house.One morning the busy doctor invited Sue into the hallway with a shaggy (蓬松的), grey eyebrow."She has one chance in - let us say, ten," he said, as he shook down the mercury in his clinical thermometer. “And that chance is for her to want to live. This way people have of lining-u on the side of the undertaker makes the entire pharmacopoeia (药典，处方书；一批备用药品) look silly. Your little lady has made up her mind that she's not going to get well. Has she anything on her mind?""She - she wanted to paint the Bay of Naples some day." said Sue."Paint? - Bosh! Has she anything on her mind worth thinking twice - a man for instance?""A man?" said Sue, with a jew's-harp twang in her voice. "Is a man worth - but, no, doctor; there is nothing of the kind.""Well, it is the weakness, then," said the doctor. "I will do all that science, so far as it may filter through (滤过，渗透) my efforts, can accomplish. But whenever my patient begins to count the carriages in her funeral procession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines. If you will get her to ask one question about the new winter styles in cloak sleeves I will promise you a one-in-five chance for her, instead of one in ten."After the doctor had gone Sue went into the workroom and cried a Japanese napkin to a pulp. Then she swaggered(大摇大摆，趾高气昂) into Johnsy's room with her drawing board, whistling ragtime.Johnsy lay, scarcely making a ripple under the bedclothes, with her face toward the window. Sue stopped whistling, thinking she was asleep.She arranged her board and began a pen-and-ink drawing to illustrate a magazine story. Young artists must pave their way to Art by drawing pictures for magazine stories that young authors write to pave their way to Literature.As Sue was sketching a pair of elegant horseshow riding trousers and a monocle of the figure of the hero, an Idaho cowboy, she heard a low sound, several times repeated. She went quickly to the bedside.Johnsy's eyes were open wide. She was looking out the window and counting - counting backward."Twelve," she said, and little later "eleven"; and then "ten," and "nine"; and then "eight" and "seven", almost together.Sue look solicitously (热心地，热切地) out of the window. What was there to count? There was only a bare, dreary yard to be seen, and the blank side of the brick house twenty feet away. An old, old ivy vine, gnarled (粗糙的) and decayed （腐烂的）at the roots, climbed half way up the brick wall. The cold breath of autumn had stricken its leaves from the vine until its skeleton branches clung （坚持（cling的过去分词）；紧握；贴近）, almost bare, to the crumbling bricks."What is it, dear?" asked Sue."Six," said Johnsy, in almost a whisper. "They're falling faster now. Three days ago there were almost a hundred. It made my head ache to count them. But now it's easy. There goes another one. There are only five left now.""Five what, dear? Tell your Sudie.""Leaves. On the ivy vine. When the last one falls I must go, too. I've known that for three days. Didn't the doctor tell you?""Oh,I never heard of such nonsense(胡说，废话)," complained Sue, with magnificent （高尚的；壮丽的）scorn. "What have old ivy leaves to do with your getting well? And you used to love that vine so, you naughty girl. Don't be a goosey. Why, the doctor told me this morning that your chances for getting well real soon were - let's see exactlywhat he said - he said the chances were ten to one! Why, that's almost as good a chance as we have in New York when we ride on the street cars or walk past a new building. Try to take some broth now, and let Sudie go back to her drawing, so she can sell the editor man with it, and buy port wine for her sick child, and pork chops for her greedy self.""You needn't get any more wine," said Johnsy, keeping her eyes fixed out the window. "There goes another. No, I don't want any broth. That leaves just four. I want to see the last one fall before it gets dark. Then I'll go, too.""Johnsy, dear," said Sue, bending over (侧身) her, "will you promise me to keep your eyes closed, and not look out the window until I am done working? I must hand those drawings in by to-morrow. I need the light, or I would draw the shade down.""Couldn't you draw in the other room?" asked Johnsy, coldly."I'd rather be here by you," said Sue. "Beside, I don't want you to keep looking at those silly ivy leaves.""Tell me as soon as you have finished," said Johnsy, closing her eyes, and lying white and still as fallen statue, "because I want to see the last one fall. I'm tired of waiting. I'm tired of thinking. I want to turn loose my hold on everything, and go sailing down, down, just like one of those poor, tired leaves.""Try to sleep," said Sue. "I must call Behrman up to be my model for the old hermit miner. I'll not be gone a minute. Don't try to move 'til I come back."Old Behrman was a painter who lived on the ground floor beneath them. He was past sixty and had a Michael Angelo's Moses beard curling down from the head of a satyr along with the body of an imp (小鬼). Behrman was a failure in art. Forty years he had wielded the brush without getting near enough to touch the hem of his Mistress's robe. He had been always about to paint a masterpiece, but had never yet begun it. For several years he had painted nothing except now and then a daub in the line of commerce or advertising. He earned a little by serving as a model to those young artists in the colony who could not pay the price of a professional. He drank gin to excess, and still talked of his coming masterpiece. For the rest he was a fierce little old man, who scoffed terribly at softness in any one, and who regarded himself as especial mastiff-in-waiting to protect the two young artists in the studio above.Sue found Behrman smelling strongly of juniper berries in his dimly lighted den below. In one corner was a blank canvas on an easel that had been waiting there for twenty-five years to receive the first line of the masterpiece. She told him of Johnsy's fancy, and how she feared she would, indeed, light and fragile as a leaf herself, float away, when her slight hold upon the world grew weaker.Old Behrman, with his red eyes plainly streaming, shouted his contempt and derision for such idiotic (白痴的；愚蠢的) imaginings."Vass!" he cried. "Is dere people in de world mit der foolishness to die because leafs dey drop off from a confounded vine? I haf not heard of such a thing. No, I will not boseas a model for your fool hermit-dunderhead. Vy do you allow dot silly pusiness to come in der brain of her? Ach, dot poor leetle Miss Johnsy.""She is very ill and weak," said Sue, "and the fever has left her mind morbid (病态的) and full of strange fancies. Very well, Mr. Behrman, if you do not care to pose for me, you needn't. But I think you are a horrid old - old flibbertigibbet （饶舌的人；轻浮的人；不负责任）.""You are just like a woman!" yelled Behrman. "Who said I will not bose? Go on. I come mit you. For half an hour I haf peen trying to say dot I am ready to bose. Gott! Dis is not any blace in which one so goot as Miss Johnsy shall lie sick. Some day I will paint a masterpiece, and we shall all go away. Gott! Yes."Johnsy was sleeping when they went upstairs. Sue pulled the shade down to the window-sill, and motioned Behrman into the other room. In there they peered out the window fearfully at the ivy vine. Then they looked at each other for a moment without speaking. A persistent, cold rain was falling, mingled with snow. Behrman, in his old blue shirt, took his seat as the hermit miner on an upturned kettle for a rock.When Sue awoke from an hour's sleep the next morning she found Johnsy with dull, wide-open eyes staring at the drawn green shade."Pull it up; I want to see," she ordered, in a whisper.Wearily Sue obeyed.But, lo! After the beating rain and fierce gusts of wind that had endured through the livelong night, there yet stood out against the brick wall one ivy leaf. It was the last one on the vine. Still dark green near its stem, with its serrated edges tinted with the yellow of dissolution and decay, it hung bravely from the branch some twenty feet above the ground."It is the last one," said Johnsy. "I thought it would surely fall during the night. I heard the wind. It will fall to-day, and I shall die at the same time.""Dear, dear!" said Sue, leaning her worn face down to the pillow, "think of me, if you won't think of yourself. What would I do?"But Johnsy did not answer. The lonesome thing in the entire world is a soul when it is making ready to go on its mysterious, far journey. The fancy seemed to possess her more strongly as one by one the ties that bound her to friendship and to earth were loosed.The day wore away (磨损，消逝), and even through the twilight they could see the lone ivy leaf clinging to its stem against the wall. And then, with the coming of the night the north wind was again loosed, while the rain still beat against the windows and pattered down from the low Dutch eaves.When it was light enough Johnsy, the merciless (残忍的；无慈悲心的), commanded that the shade be raised.The ivy leaf was still there.Johnsy lay for a long time looking at it. And then she called to Sue, who was stirring her chicken broth over the gas stove."I've been a bad girl, Sudie," said Johnsy. "Something has made that last leaf stay there to show me how wicked I was. It is a sin (罪恶，罪孽) to want to die. You may bring a me a little broth（肉汤）now, and some milk with a little port in it, and - no; bring me a hand-mirror first, and then pack some pillows about me, and I will sit up and watch you cook."And hour later she said:"Sudie, some day I hope to paint the Bay of Naples."The doctor came in the afternoon, and Sue had an excuse to go into the hallway as he left."Even chances," said the doctor, taking Sue's thin, shaking hand in his. "With good nursing you'll win." And now I must see another case I have downstairs. Behrman, his name is - some kind of an artist, I believe. Pneumonia, too. He is an old, weak man, an d the attack is acute. There is no hope for him; but he goes to the hospital to-day to be made more comfortable."The next day the doctor said to Sue: "She's out of danger. You won. Nutrition and care now - that's all."And that afternoon Sue came to the bed where Johnsy lay, contentedly knitting a very blue and very useless woolen shoulder scarf, and put one arm around her, pillows and all."I have something to tell you, white mouse," she said. "Mr. Behrman died of pneumonia to-day in the hospital. He was ill only two days. The janitor (守卫) found him the morning of the first day in his room downstairs helpless with pain. His shoes and clothing were wet through and icy cold. They couldn't imagine where he had been on such a dreadful night. And then they found a lantern, still lighted, and a ladder that had been dragged from its place, and some scattered brushes, and a palette with green and yellow colors mixed on it, and - look out the window, dear, at the last ivy leaf on the wall. Didn't you wonder why it never fluttered or moved when the wind blew? Ah, darling,it's Behrman's masterpiece - he painted it there the night that the last leaf fell."。
全新版大学英语3 unit 6 The Last Leaf课后习题答案
4. 1) It was dreary lying in the tent with nothing to read, so we built a camp fire. Soon the smell of steaks, bread and coffee mingled with that of fresh grass and earth. Other campers seemed to be doing the same. Here and there people were eating, drinking or dancing to their hearts' content, if not to excess. What a merry night!
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
(A)
பைடு நூலகம்
1. victim
2. in tune 3. Scarcely
4. in a whisper 5. cling to 6. merry
7. sat up
8. nonsense 9. fancy
10. fierce
11.sin
12. masterpiece
2) Miss Florence, our music teacher, called to us to stop singing. I didn't realize why until Sally told me in a whisper: " You are not in tune with the group!"
Sue told Behrman about Johnsy’s fancy.
As Johnsy was encouraged by the last leaf that she decided not to give up and live on.
最后一片叶子
最后一片叶子在美国纽约西区有一个老旧的住宅区，许多画家喜欢在这里落脚，慢慢的，这里就变成大家眼中的「画家村」。
乔安娜和苏是年轻的女画家，他们对绘画充满了理想，两人在这里合租了一个房间当画室。
有一年冬天，天气变化多端，体质羸弱的乔安娜，不幸染上肺炎，奄奄一息的躺在床上。
苏废寝忘食的尽心照料，一刻也不敢离开。
可是，医生还是悄悄的对苏说：「乔安娜的病情危急，恐怕会熬不过去。
祈求上天吧！倘若她有更坚强的求生意志，那么也许会出现奇迹。
」苏隐忍着悲伤，来到乔安娜的床边。
骨瘦如柴的乔安娜，眼神空洞涣散，这时，苏听到乔安娜有气无力的数着：「十二、十一、十、九。
」过了一会儿，又听到：「八、七、六、五。
」乔安娜虚弱的声音，像飘荡在空气中的羽毛：「那棵树上的叶子只剩五片了，当最后一片叶子掉落以后，我就会跟着离开了。
」苏听了好难过，但她还是强颜欢笑的说：「你不要胡思乱想，你一定会好起来的！」乔安娜闭上眼睛，昏昏沉沉的睡了过去。
苏走到窗边看外头的树，真的，树上只剩下五片叶子。
这些叶子看起来是那样的柔弱，那样的无依无靠，那样的无所适从。
他们在冷风中哆嗦着，跟强劲的北风奋战。
连苏自己都这么想：乔安娜的生命，真的就像这些叶子一样迟早随风飘散！苏觉得自己无能为力，只能狠狠的把窗帘拉起来。
那一阵子，苏请楼下的老画家伯曼当模特儿。
苏忍不住告诉伯曼：「乔安娜说自己将会跟窗外那棵树的叶子一样，当叶子掉光，她就会离开。
」苏说完，两人的眼神不约而同望向窗外。
外头正下着雨，风雨夹击中，那五片叶子正在飞快的旋转摇晃。
「砰！」的一声，画室里一扇没关好的窗户，被风大力关起，那是多么顽强的风啊！苏和伯曼两个人，眼神流露着惊恐。
只不过，伯曼很快的镇定下来，他的双眼炯炯有神，很肯定的说：「真是胡闹！年轻的女孩，不会被肺炎打倒的！」风雨持续了一整天。
第二天早上，乔安娜请苏拉开窗帘，没想到那棵树上，居然还剩下一片叶子。
那片叶子紧紧的抓住老树的枝条不放。
乔安娜说：「这是最后一片叶子，我的生命，就只剩下今晚了。
unit_6_the_last_leaf单词
symbolizes ：
Love faithful friendship happy energy activity forever
The Last ivy Leaf stand for ------ life and hope
merry [meri] adj.
1.愉快的；高兴的 愉快的； 愉快的 2.喝得微醉的 喝得微醉的 Merry Christmas！ 圣诞快乐 ！ 圣诞快乐! make merry 尽情欢乐； 尽情欢乐；欢宴作乐 Merry meet, merry part. (谚语 好聚好散。 谚语)好聚好散 谚语 好聚好散。
wear off 逐渐消失：效果逐渐减少： 逐渐消失：效果逐渐减少： wear out 用坏；逐渐用完或消耗，使耗尽； 用坏；逐渐用完或消耗，使耗尽；使疲乏 The drug wore off. 药效渐渐消失 I'm going to wear you out! 我要好好教训你 be in general wear (服装等 时髦的 流行的 时兴的 服装等)时髦的 服装等 时髦的; 流行的; in wear (经常 穿着 时髦 经常)穿着 经常 穿着; wear and tear 耗损, 磨损; 耗损 磨损 折磨 wear away 磨损, 时间 时间)消逝 磨损 (时间 消逝 wear down 磨损, 使衰弱, 磨损 使衰弱 疲惫不堪 wear off 磨损; 损耗; 磨损 损耗 逐渐消失 wear on 戴... wear out 穿破， 使疲惫不堪; 使虚弱, 穿破，; 使疲惫不堪 使虚弱 使衰老 wear well 经久耐用
Unit 6
The Vocabulary of The Last Leaf
组员： 组员： 讲解员： 讲解员：欧华海 林桂丹 讲稿制作员： 讲稿制作员：梁文浩 卢健 雄
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The_last_leaf_句法分析
每一个叙事文本，无论主题如何，大体都有一个图式（schema），即文章作者用以构思和构建文本概念意义的、心理语言学意义上的超结构(superstructure)。
此外，每个文本同时还拥有一个高级语义化的宏观结构(macrostructure),它统管着具体的话语、语用互动及认知推理的微观结构（microstructure）。
叙述文本图式化的超结构一般包含情节（plot）与德育图式（moral）,其中情节又包含背景（setting）与插曲（episode）,插曲里包含事件（happening）的复杂性（complication）、结果（resolution）与评价（evaluation）。
当然，这种构成不是一成不变的。
从认知功能上看，篇章的超结构与隐喻修辞有关。
我们总能为叙述文本找到一个图式，一对隐含在文本中的喻体和喻依，我们称之为篇章隐喻修辞(textual metaphor)。
篇章隐喻修辞正是依据一定的图式，即某一语言文化中约定熟成的体验。
(一) 篇章隐喻修辞图式化地镶嵌或蕴涵在一定的文本结构当中。
O. Henry的The Last Leaf，讲述的是肺炎使年轻而富有抱负的艺术家Johnsy 卧病不起，她不仅放弃了生的希望，而且开始倒数窗外对面楼侧壁上攀延着的常青藤的叶子，以为自己的生命将会随着寒风肆掠常青藤叶而凋零。
当晚，住在Johnsy楼下的老艺术家Behrman冒着风雪在长青藤上画了一片常青藤叶。
第二天早上当Johnsy看到窗外常青藤上出人意料地留着最后一片叶子，它无畏地挂在离地二十英尺的常青藤枝上，尽管叶边上泛着黄色，靠近枝杆的部位却仍然带着深绿。
Johnsy开始感悟到放弃生命是一种＂罪孽＂，并因此有了希望，最终脱离了险情。
可是人们却发现，Behrman死了,是他用最后的生命换取了那惊世之作——最后一片常青藤叶。
在这篇叙事文本当中，常青藤喻指“生命”；常青藤叶喻指“生的希望”；最后一片常青藤叶(the last leaf)喻指最后一线“生的希望”；常青藤叶的凋落喻指“生命的凋零”……这一隐喻类推帮助构建
出相互衔接的句式和意义连贯的文本。
也正是因此，最后Johnsy意识到：“求死是一种罪孽(It is a sin to want to die.)”，而那最后一片常青藤叶却赋予了老艺术家Behrman的生命更深层次的含义，成了Behrman用生命换来的惊世之作（masterpiece），从而使“热爱生命”的主题得到了深华，令O. Henry的The Last Leaf成了不朽的名篇。
可以这样说，篇章隐喻修辞统领着整个篇章的宏观和微观结构（Macrostructure & Microstructure），限定着作者的遣词造句。
这一特征是通过篇章的超结构图式对篇章的宏观结构的限制来实现的。
超结构图式的每一单项（propositional category），如情节或德育图式、背景与插曲，或者是事件的复杂性、结果与评价，都具有一定的功能特征，因此图式结构可以限定篇章的整体结构，从而决定文本中具体的信息重要与否和取舍,确定隐喻母体（matrix）和类推（analogue），并构建出了相互衔接的句式和意义连贯的文本。
(二) 篇章隐喻修辞是一种形象思维。
在《认知语言学入门》一书中，Ungerer和Schmid明确地表示：隐喻修辞不仅仅是一种表达思想的语言方式，而且是一种思考问题的方式。
当然，作为一种概念化的现象，隐喻修辞还是必须通过运用语言来影响人们的思维方式的。
拿O. Henry的The Last Leaf为例，O. Henry最擅长文本构建。
当医生第一次来的时候，说：
“She has one cha nce in ten, and that chance is for her to want to live. Y our little lady has made up her mind that she?s not going to get well.”
接着，Johnsy数着落叶说：
“When the last one falls I must go, too.”
而当Johnsy看到最后一片常青藤叶说：
“Something has made that last leaf stay there to show me how wicked I was. It is a sin to want to die.”
从“Y our little lady has made up her mind that she?s not
going to get well.”，到“When the last one falls I must go”，到“Something has made that last leaf stay there to show me…it is a sin to want to die”，我们可以看到，O. Henry不仅仅在语言上反复运用“常青藤叶是生命”的隐喻修辞，而且也是这样“概念化”的。
他赋予了“生命”一个形象化的符号——常青藤叶，又以此符号类推出一连串的隐喻修辞，用隐喻修辞完成了连贯的文字思维。
(三) 篇章隐语修辞包含概念映射和影像映射，并遵从恒常性原则。
在O. Henry的The Last Leaf中，有什么是特别的呢？我们看到有一些隐喻映射（metaphorical mapping）。
这些隐喻映射不是随意的，而是基于英语文化中人们日常的心理体验而得的，如：…常青藤?对应…生命?，…最后一片常青藤叶?对应…最后一线生的希望?。
这些隐喻映射便利读者从抽象中看到物化了的概念，而不是生搬硬套。
其基本点是：概念隐喻是在概念系统中跨区域的映射（a cross domain mapping）。
而对于下列英语表达：
1) Leaves. On the ivy vine. When the last one falls I must go, too.
2) I want to see the last one fall before it gets dark. Then I?ll go, too. I?m tired of waiting. I?m tired of thinking. I want to turn loose my hold on everything, and go sailing down, just like one of those poor, tired leaves.
3) It is the last one. It will fall today, and I shall die at the same time.
4) Something has made that last leaf stay there to show me how wicked I was. It is a sin to want to die.
这些英语表达有着共同的逻辑推理：
When the last ivy vine leaf fall, I will die.
The last leaf stays there, I shouldn?t die.
同时，这些推理还有着固定的影像图式(image schema)。
简单地说，影像图式是人们对外界事物认识的抽象概念结构的再现。
影像图
式在各种认知语义推理过程中起到了决定性的作用。
影像图式的重要特征是：他们是具体化的体验，并来自人们对世界物化的体验，诸如对身体周围环境的知觉、对外施加或感受到的力量等等。
在这些过程中，通过跨越更为抽象的概念域，人们逐渐形成了用以组织思想的基本概念结构。
影像图式构成了我们的体验世界，并组成了我们的知识结构。
因为影像图式从具体的空间世界中获得，大多能以一些同类的、简单而又高度抽象的图像来表达。
因此，隐喻映射也包括影像映射(image mappings)。
从上述英语表达和推理还可以看出，既有的概念映射和影像映射（Ivy vine leaves are lives）在整个篇章中是不变的。
也就是说，隐喻映射（包括概念映射和影像映射）遵从恒常性原则(The Invariance Principle)，一旦激活，源概念域的影像图式结构将映射到目标概念域，并与目标概念域结构保持一致。