英译汉教学课件 转性译法
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一、转性译法
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • At noon, she came home for lunch. 中午,她回家吃午饭。(介词转为动词) The people are with him. 人民拥护他。(系动词 be + 介词转为行为动词) The woman, with her two daughters, arrived. 这妇女带着她的两个女儿到了。(系动词 be + 介词转为行为动词) He caught the ball with his left hand. 他用左手接球。(系动词 be + 介词转为行为动词) He was away before dawn. 他是黎明前出发的。(系动词 be + 介词转为行为动词) Everyone was away on holiday. 大家都去度假了。(系动词 be + 副词转为行为动词) What are you after? 你追求什么?(系动词 be + 介词转为行为动词) It was a very informative meeting. 会上透露了许多信息。(形容词转为动词)
一、转性译法
• • • • • • • • • • • • I wish he was blind. 我希望他是个瞎子。 (形容词转为名词) She spoke in a high voice. 她讲话的声音很尖。 The following plan may become available during the next decade. 下列计划在10年间可能实现。 (形容词转为动词) Such criticisms have become familiar in his 1ater commentaries on America. 类似的批评在他后来写的评论美国的文章中屡见不鲜。 He is truly sorry for his past, and he has undertaken to give up motor-cars entirely and for ever. 他对过去追悔莫及,并保证永远不开汽车。 He asked me for a full account of myself and family. 他详尽地问起我以及我家里的事情
一、转性译法
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • Her hatred for them grew more. 她对他们越来越憎恨。(动词转为名词) He is an ardent lover of classic music. 他酷爱古典音乐。(动词转为名词) He is a commander of a regiment. 他指挥着一个团。(动词转为名词) He is the murder of his boss. 他谋杀了他的老板。(动词转为名词) He had been the ruler of that region for as long as twenty years. 他统治那个地区长达二十年之久。(动词转为名词) He was between sheets by eleven. 十一点时,他已准在被窝里。(动词转为名词) He wrote down his own name on the wall with his finger. 他用手指在墙上写下了自己的名字。(动词转为名词)
• 司马相如收到妻子文君的信后,深感惭愧,于是 驷马高车,亲自回乡迎卓文君到长安定居,从此 相亲相爱,白头偕老。
二、数字的翻译:
• 在汉语里,数字后总是跟随着名词,意思很清楚。 而英语中的数字却常常单独出现,这些数字到底 指什么,对中国学生有时是一个谜。 • 数字在其发展过程中形成大量的数字习语,即数 词习语。数词习语中的数字,往往是表示虚数, 并非实指,其意义往往会超出文本本身固有含义。 • When three know it,all know it. • 三人知,天下晓 • The wounded soldiers crawled on all fours to a nearby village. • 手足(四肢)并用
二、数字的翻译:
• 数字有深意,念念已心知。 • 司马相如与卓文君婚后不久便赴长安做官, 一去就是五年没有音讯。五年后,卓文君 等来的只是丈夫的一封写着“一二三四五 六七八九十Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu千万”的数字家书。 • 聪颖过人的卓文君,当然明白丈夫的意思, 数字中没有“亿”,表明丈夫已对自己无 “意”、“忆”了。
一、转性译法
• • • • • My suggestion is that he should quit smoking at once. 我建议他立刻戒烟。(由于原文中的主语转译成了谓语,原文主语 前的定语也相应地转译成主语。) I am so grateful to my father for his continuous encouragement during my childhood. 我非常感激父亲,因为在小时候他总是不断地鼓励我。 (原文中以 for 为引导介词词组在译文中被转译成以“因为”为引 导的状语从句。因此,原文中 for 这个介词在译文中被处理成连接 词“因为”,定语 his 转译成了主语“他”,定语 continuous 转译 成了状语“不断地”,名词 encouragement 转译成了动词“鼓 励”,定语 during my childhood 转译成了状语“在我小时候“。) Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty. 千百万山区人民终于摆脱了贫穷。(介词转为动词) He came to my home for help. 他来到我家,请求帮助。(介词转为动词)
一、转性译法
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • He is both a bibliomaniac and a lover of calligraphy. 他既有藏书癖,又爱好书法。(名词转为动词) He objected that the plan is not practical. 他反对的理由是:这个计划不现实。(动词转为名词) He roared, which threatened his enemies away. 他的吼声吓走了敌人。(动词转为名词) He is a great drinker. 他能喝很多酒。(动词转为名词) He is a great talker. 他这个人最爱说话。(动词转为名词) His sister is a great liar. 他妹妹老是说谎。(动词转为名词) He has long been used to last-minute decisions. 他长期以来习惯于在最后一分钟作出决定。(动词转为名词)
一、转性译法
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Many students are against him. 许多学生反对他。(行为动词转为系动词be +介词) I am always with you. 我永远支持你。(行为动词转为系动词be +介词) The fellow is very talkative. 那个家伙是滔滔不绝讲个不停。(动词转为形容词) They were news-hungry. 他们迫切地想弄到消息。(动词转为形容词) You must be off now. 你们现在得走了。(行为动词转为系动词be + 副词) The performance is on. 演出已经开始了。(行为动词转为系动词be + 副词) That fellow is a typical fool. 那个家伙笨得出奇。(形容词转为名词) Tom is strong physically but weak mentally. (physically & mentally副词译为名词) 汤姆身体强健,但智力差。
二、数字的翻译:
• • • • • • • • • • The simile is on all fours with the thing illustrated. 这个明喻 跟要形容的事完全妥帖。 Instead of chopsticks he simply used his bunch of five. 应该猜得出来his bunch of five指“5个手指头”,看来此人不会用 筷子,只好伸手抓了。 His brother is known to be no better than himself in inclination.In the old phrase it is six of one and half a dozen. 大家都知道他的兄弟的居心并不比他好,套句老话,两人是半斤八两, 不相上下。 He used a .38 to gun the man down. 句中的.38指一种口径为0.38英寸的手枪。注意,这里小数点前没 有“0”字。 The car didn’t arrive until the eleventh hour. 句中的the eleventh hour不是“11时”,而是“最后5分钟”、“最 后时刻”的意思。
二、数字的翻译:
• 卓文君当即就利用这些数字,给司马相如写下这 首数字诗。全文如下:
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一别之后,二地相悬,只说三四月,谁知五六年!七弦琴无心弹,八行书无可 传,九连环从中折断,十里长亭望眼欲穿。百思想,千系念,万般无奈把郎 怨。 万语千言说不完,百无聊赖十依栏,重九登高望孤雁,八月中秋月圆人不圆。 七月半烧香秉烛问苍天,六月伏天人人摇扇我心寒,五月石榴如火偏遇阵阵 冷雨浇花端,四月枇杷未黄我欲对镜心意乱,急匆匆,三月桃花随水转,飘 零零,二月风筝线儿断。哎!郎呀郎,巴不得下一世你为女来我为男。
Translation Skills VI
Instructor: Niu Chunling Course Description: E-C Translation
一、转性译法
• 所谓转性译法就是在翻译过程中,根据译 文的习惯进行词性转换,不失原意的基础 上对所译文字融会贯通,达到自然完美。
• Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources. • 越南战争不断地消耗美国的资源。(名词转为动 词) • The government called for the establishment of more technical schools. • 政府号召建立更多的技术学校。(名词转为动词) • Every morning she would go to the lake area for a walk. • 每天早上,她都要到湖区去散步。(名词转为动
一、转性译法
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • Official Moscow is going to object the proposal. 莫斯科官方准备反对此项提议。(形容词转为名词) It was officially announced that Paris is invited to the meeting. 官方宣布,巴黎被邀出席会议。(副词转为名词) The old hunter is a good skier. 这位老猎人滑雪滑得好。(名词转为动词) These rustic lassies are good singers. 这些乡下小姑娘唱歌唱得很好。(名词转为动词) This pupil is a good writer. 这个小学生文章写得不错。(名词转为动词) I am no drinker, nor smoker. 我既不喝酒,也不抽烟。(名词转为动词) I am an amateur actor. He is a better player than I. 我是个业余演员,他演得比我好。(名词转为动词)