经贸英语阅读教程Text 10

The S&ED is an ongoing and intensive mechanism for addressing the challenges and opportunities that the United States and China face on a wide range of bilateral, regional, and global areas of immediate and long-term strategic and economic interest. Both President Barack Obama of the U.S. and President Hu Jintao of China have placed the S&ED at the center of the bilateral relationship and are committed to delivering concrete, meaningful, and sustained progress over time on long-term strategic and economic objectives through the S&ED. The 2009 Dialogue will provide an opportunity to establish a framework for those discussions moving forward.
3. bill 议案、法案
“bill”一词在商业和贸易活动中使用较为频繁， 相关的意思包括： (1) 账单、账款 Ask the waiter to bring the bill. 叫服务生把账单拿 来。 (2) 清单、单子 a bill of expenditures 开支清单 (3) = bill of exchange 票据、汇票 We are accustomed to paying by bill at sight. 我们 的惯例是凭即期汇票支付。 (4) 钞票、纸币 a ten – dollar bill 一张10美元的钞票
Text 10
China’s Vanishing Trade Imbalance
I. Related Words and Expressions subsidize trade deficit equilibrium outsourcing productivity output consumer spending contraction public infrastructure consumer demand household consumption savings trade imbalance
5. outsourcing 外包
Outsourcing is the process of contracting an existing business function or process of an organization to an independent organization, and ceasing to perform that function or process internally, instead purchasing it as a service. Though this practice of purchasing a business function--instead of providing it internally--is a common feature of any modern economy, the term outsourcing became popular in America near the turn of the 21st century. An outsourcing deal may also involve transfer of the employees involved to the outsourcing business partner.
7. social safety net 社会保障体系
Social safety nets, or "socioeconomic safety nets", are non-contributory transfer programs seeking to prevent the poor or those vulnerable to shocks and poverty from falling below a certain poverty level. Safety net programs can be provided by the public sector (the state and aid donors) or by the private sector (NGOs, private firms, charities, and informal household transfers).
to a global recession". By this measure, four periods since 1985 qualify: 1990–1993, 1998, 2001–2002 and 2008–2009. The 2008–2012 global recession, sometimes referred to as the late-2000s recession, Great Recession, the Lesser Depression, or the Long Recession, is a marked global economic decline that began in December 2007 and took a particularly sharp downward turn in September 2008. The global recession affected the entire world economy, with higher detriment in some countries than others. It is a major global recession characterized by various systemic imbalances and was sparked by the outbreak of the 2007–2012 global financial crisis.
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II. Notes to the Text
1. the fourth round of the U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue（S&ED） 第四轮中美战略与经济对 话。 S&ED is a high-level dialogue for the United States and China to discuss a wide range of bilateral, regional and global political, strategic, security, and economic issues between both countries. The establishment of the S&ED was announced on April 1, 2009 by U.S. President Barack Obama and Chinese President Hu Jintao. The upgraded mechanism replaced the former Senior Dialogue and Strategic Economic Dialogue started under the George W. Bush administration. The format is such that high-level representatives of both countries and their delegations will meet annually at capitals alternating between the two countries.
2. current – account surplus 经常项目盈余
The current account balance is one of two major measures of the nature of a country's foreign trade (the other being the net capital outflow). A current account surplus increases a country's net foreign assets by the corresponding amount, and a current account deficit does the reverse. Both government and private payments are included in the calculation. It is called the current account because goods and services are generally consumed in the current period.
4. duty 税、（进口）关税
accept certain foreign exports free of duty 允许 免税进口几种外国货 duty clause 关税条款 duty free certificate 免税证明 duty on value added 增值税 duty paid proof 完税凭证 duty quotas 关税配额 duty rate 税率
一国的国际收支是由两部分组成的：经常项 目和资本项目 (Capital account)。 国际收支中的经常账户是指贸易收支的总和 （商品和服务的出口减去进口），减去生产要素 收入（例如利息和股息），然后减去转移支付 （例如外国援助）。经常项目顺差(盈余)增加了一 个国家相应金额的外国资本净额；经常项目逆差( 赤字)则恰好相反。