莎翁十四行诗赏析[1]
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William Shakespeare (2): Sonnet
Sonnet: a definition Types of sonnet Textual study:
– Sonnet 18 – Sonnet 29
2012-12-31
Prepared by Tony Sun
1
Sonnet: a definition
through his verse.
2012-12-31
Prepared by Tony Sun
16
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st
ow'st = ownest, possess. Your eternal summer will not lose its hold on that beauty which you so richly possess. Nor shall you lose any of your beauty.
“Thee” in this line means “you”. The sonnet begins with a question: how can I compare you to a summer’s
day? And the answer to the question follows up in the next
A sonnet is a fourteen-line poem in iambic pentameter.
2012-12-31
Prepared by Tony Sun
2
Types of Sonnet
There are mainly three types of sonnet:
– The Italian (Petrarchan) sonnet – The English (Shakespearean, Elizabethan) sonnet – The Spenserian sonnet
abbaabba cdecde or: abbaabba cdcdcd
Note:
This type of sonnet is constructed with a change of thought or turn between the octave and the sestet, so that the content and the form are allied.
lines give the answer:
2012-12-31
Prepared by Tony Sun
9来自百度文库
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May
Today, the month of “May” may be considered as a month in late spring, but in Shakespeare’s time, May was a summer month, because the calendar in use lagged behind the true sidereal calendar by at least a fortnight.
They all decline from perfection.”
2012-12-31 Prepared by Tony Sun 14
By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed
“By chance” means “by chance accidents” “By nature’s changing course” means “by the fluctuating tides of nature”. The fluctuating times of nature are not subject to control, so the poet says “nature's changing course untrimmed”. The word “untrimmed” in this line is ambiguous – this can refer to the ballast (trimming) on a ship which keeps it stable; or to a lack of ornament and decoration.
darling buds of May - the beautiful, much loved buds of the early summer; favorite flowers.
Prepared by Tony Sun 10
2012-12-31
And summer's lease hath all too short a date
the underworld like gibbering ghosts. Here, Shakespeare
Prepared by Tony Sun 11
2012-12-31
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines
Sometime = on occasion, sometimes; The eye of heaven = the sun Sometimes the sun of heaven is so hot that it will scorch.
“the previous state of beauty”. This line tells us that
“all of the beautiful things occasionally become inferior
in comparison with their essential previous state of beauty.
Rhyme scheme
abab cdcd efef gg
Note
Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets. The first 126 sonnets are dedicated to a young man; sonnets 127—152 are dedicated to a “dark lady”, and the final two are allegorical.
Rhyme scheme
the rhyme scheme interconnects the sound of the three
quatrains: abab bcbc cdcd ee
2012-12-31
Prepared by Tony Sun
6
Textual study: sonnet 18
2012-12-31
Prepared by Tony Sun
17
Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade
“brag” means “boast”, and “his shade” means “the shade of death.”
In classical literature the shade of death flitted helplessly in
2012-12-31 Prepared by Tony Sun 5
Type 3: the Spenserian sonnet
Structure
three quatrains and a couplet, and the couplet introduces
new rhyme sounds to the poem
2012-12-31
Prepared by Tony Sun
13
And every fair from fair sometime declines
“Every fair” in this line means “all the beautiful things” and the second “fair” in the phrase “from fair” means
2012-12-31
Prepared by Tony Sun
4
Type 2: the Shakespearean sonnet
Structure
three quatrains (a four-line stanza) followed by a couplet (a pair of rhymed lines)
Here the word “lease” is a legal term. It means the duration of a contract granting use or occupation of property during a specified period in exchange for a specified rent. We two have a contract. You can use my pen for 10 days, and you will have to give me 2 yuan for the use of it. And the duration of this one week is called a lease. The overall meaning of this line is “summer’s time is too short.”
2012-12-31
Prepared by Tony Sun
15
But thy eternal summer shall not fade
“Thy eternal summer” refers forwards to the eternity promised by the ever living poet in the next few lines,
2012-12-31
Prepared by Tony Sun
3
Type 1: the Petrarchan sonnet
Structure:
an octave (an eight-line stanza) followed by an sestet (a six-line stanza)
Rhyme scheme:
line.
2012-12-31
Prepared by Tony Sun
8
Thou art more lovely and more temperate
You are more lovely, you are more gentle. The youth's beauty is more perfect than the beauty of a summer day. Here in this line, “more temperate” means more gentle, more restrained. Why did the poet say you are more lovely and more gentle than the summer’s day? The following
2012-12-31
Prepared by Tony Sun
12
And often is his gold complexion dimmed
his gold complexion = his (the sun's) golden face, the golden sunshine. Quite often, the sunshine will be dimmed. When? -- when it is cloudy or overcast.
What is the structure? What is the meter like? What is its rhyme scheme?
What is the theme of this sonnet?
2012-12-31
Prepared by Tony Sun
7
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
Sonnet: a definition Types of sonnet Textual study:
– Sonnet 18 – Sonnet 29
2012-12-31
Prepared by Tony Sun
1
Sonnet: a definition
through his verse.
2012-12-31
Prepared by Tony Sun
16
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st
ow'st = ownest, possess. Your eternal summer will not lose its hold on that beauty which you so richly possess. Nor shall you lose any of your beauty.
“Thee” in this line means “you”. The sonnet begins with a question: how can I compare you to a summer’s
day? And the answer to the question follows up in the next
A sonnet is a fourteen-line poem in iambic pentameter.
2012-12-31
Prepared by Tony Sun
2
Types of Sonnet
There are mainly three types of sonnet:
– The Italian (Petrarchan) sonnet – The English (Shakespearean, Elizabethan) sonnet – The Spenserian sonnet
abbaabba cdecde or: abbaabba cdcdcd
Note:
This type of sonnet is constructed with a change of thought or turn between the octave and the sestet, so that the content and the form are allied.
lines give the answer:
2012-12-31
Prepared by Tony Sun
9来自百度文库
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May
Today, the month of “May” may be considered as a month in late spring, but in Shakespeare’s time, May was a summer month, because the calendar in use lagged behind the true sidereal calendar by at least a fortnight.
They all decline from perfection.”
2012-12-31 Prepared by Tony Sun 14
By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed
“By chance” means “by chance accidents” “By nature’s changing course” means “by the fluctuating tides of nature”. The fluctuating times of nature are not subject to control, so the poet says “nature's changing course untrimmed”. The word “untrimmed” in this line is ambiguous – this can refer to the ballast (trimming) on a ship which keeps it stable; or to a lack of ornament and decoration.
darling buds of May - the beautiful, much loved buds of the early summer; favorite flowers.
Prepared by Tony Sun 10
2012-12-31
And summer's lease hath all too short a date
the underworld like gibbering ghosts. Here, Shakespeare
Prepared by Tony Sun 11
2012-12-31
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines
Sometime = on occasion, sometimes; The eye of heaven = the sun Sometimes the sun of heaven is so hot that it will scorch.
“the previous state of beauty”. This line tells us that
“all of the beautiful things occasionally become inferior
in comparison with their essential previous state of beauty.
Rhyme scheme
abab cdcd efef gg
Note
Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets. The first 126 sonnets are dedicated to a young man; sonnets 127—152 are dedicated to a “dark lady”, and the final two are allegorical.
Rhyme scheme
the rhyme scheme interconnects the sound of the three
quatrains: abab bcbc cdcd ee
2012-12-31
Prepared by Tony Sun
6
Textual study: sonnet 18
2012-12-31
Prepared by Tony Sun
17
Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade
“brag” means “boast”, and “his shade” means “the shade of death.”
In classical literature the shade of death flitted helplessly in
2012-12-31 Prepared by Tony Sun 5
Type 3: the Spenserian sonnet
Structure
three quatrains and a couplet, and the couplet introduces
new rhyme sounds to the poem
2012-12-31
Prepared by Tony Sun
13
And every fair from fair sometime declines
“Every fair” in this line means “all the beautiful things” and the second “fair” in the phrase “from fair” means
2012-12-31
Prepared by Tony Sun
4
Type 2: the Shakespearean sonnet
Structure
three quatrains (a four-line stanza) followed by a couplet (a pair of rhymed lines)
Here the word “lease” is a legal term. It means the duration of a contract granting use or occupation of property during a specified period in exchange for a specified rent. We two have a contract. You can use my pen for 10 days, and you will have to give me 2 yuan for the use of it. And the duration of this one week is called a lease. The overall meaning of this line is “summer’s time is too short.”
2012-12-31
Prepared by Tony Sun
15
But thy eternal summer shall not fade
“Thy eternal summer” refers forwards to the eternity promised by the ever living poet in the next few lines,
2012-12-31
Prepared by Tony Sun
3
Type 1: the Petrarchan sonnet
Structure:
an octave (an eight-line stanza) followed by an sestet (a six-line stanza)
Rhyme scheme:
line.
2012-12-31
Prepared by Tony Sun
8
Thou art more lovely and more temperate
You are more lovely, you are more gentle. The youth's beauty is more perfect than the beauty of a summer day. Here in this line, “more temperate” means more gentle, more restrained. Why did the poet say you are more lovely and more gentle than the summer’s day? The following
2012-12-31
Prepared by Tony Sun
12
And often is his gold complexion dimmed
his gold complexion = his (the sun's) golden face, the golden sunshine. Quite often, the sunshine will be dimmed. When? -- when it is cloudy or overcast.
What is the structure? What is the meter like? What is its rhyme scheme?
What is the theme of this sonnet?
2012-12-31
Prepared by Tony Sun
7
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?