航海英语短文46篇

?
Merchant ships are designed to carry cargoSome are also designed to carry passengersThey can operate as linersThese are employed on regular routes on a fixed timetableA list of their arrival and departure dates is published in advance and they sail whether full or notLiners can be classed as either deep-sea liners or short-sea linersThe former carry mainly containerized cargo across the oceans of the worldthe later carry containerized or conventional cargo on shorter routesFerries are also classed as linersThese offer a daily or weekly service for passengers and vehicles across channels and narrow seasA few ships are still employed as passenger linersThey not only carry passengers but also some cargo on routes from Europe to North America and to the Far EastNowadays the passenger trade is very small and passenger liners usually operate as cruise ships for part of the year

The deep-sea liners ____A____
Acarry mainly containerized cargo
Bcarry mainly conventional cargo
Coffer a daily or weekly service for passengers and vehicles
Dsail across channels and narrow seas

The Liners ___B_____
Aalways sail full
Bsail regularly even not full
Calways sail in ballast
Dwill not sail if not full

A list of the arrival and departure dates of liners ___D_____
Awill be published weekly
Bwill be published when they sailwhether full or notfrom Europe to North America and to the Far East
Cwill not be published even they sail fully loaded
Dis published prior to their departure

It is implied in the passage that ____A____
Athe number of passenger ships is small
Ball passenger ships will carry some cargo in near future
Cit is not necessary for liners to sail in regular time
Dcontainer carriers should carry some passengers

Nowadaysmost merchant ships are built to carry cargoesAnd they mainly operate as trampsThese vessels do not sail on regular routes or keep to a fixed timetablebut are employed where there is cargo for them to carryTramps can be classed as deep-sea tramps or short-sea trampsA number are classed as coastersThese ply on coastal routes and up rivers to inland portsThe traditional tramp cargoes are dry bulk cargoesbut some are designed to carry general cargoes
A large number of merchant ships operate as specialized vesselsThese are designed to carry a particular type of cargoThere are several types of specialized vesselThe most common are oil tankersThey are owned by the major oil companies or by independent operatorsTwo other types of liquid bulk carrier of growing importance are chemical carriers and liquefied natural gasLNGcarriers

The deep-sea tramps _____A___
Acarry bulk and general cargo across the high seas
Bare built to carry passengers
Care mainly coasters
Dare specialized vessel

The coasters ____D____
Aalways sail across the high seas
Bcommonly carry oil cargo
Care mainly tankers
Dsail on coastal routes and up rivers to inland ports

The importance of LNG carriers __A______
Ais growing
Bis not m

entioned in passage
Cis decreasing
Dwill be discussed further if necessary

It is implied in the passage that ___A_____
Athe number of specialized vessels is not small
Ball oil tankers will carry some chemicals in near future
Cthe tramps and specialized vessels are the basic type of merchant ships
Dcontainer carriers should not be classed as tramps

Cargo ships can be divided into two basic typesOne type carries dry cargothe other carries liquid cargohoweveran OBO ship is designed to carry bothA traditional dry cargo ship is the multi-deck vesselHer holds are divided horizontally by one or two tween decksbecause these make stowage of individual packages easierDry bulk cargo is carried in bulk carriersThese do not have 'tween decks as cargo is carried looseThe most modern type of dry cargo carrier is the container shipThey carry containers of standard dimensionsconsequently stowage is easierFruitmeat and dairy produce are carried in refrigerated shipsOil tankers are the most common type of liquid cargo carrierThey are often very largebecause huge quantities of oil need to be transported and one large vessel is more economical to operate than two smaller onesTwo other types of liquid bulk carrier of growing importance are the liquefied natural gasLNGcarrier and the chemical carrieralthough chemical can also be carried in drums in general cargo ships

There are ____B____ types of liquid bulk carrier
A2 B3 C4 D5

A multi-deck vessel has ____D____ tween decks
Ahas many Bno Conly one Dhas up to two

Fruitmeat and dairy produce are carried in____D____
Acontainers carriers Btraditional ships COBO ships Drefrigerated ships

The types of dry cargo carriers mentioned in the passage are ___D_____
Atween deckersOBO ships
Btraditional dry cargo ship and multi-deck vessel
COBO shipsoil tankerschemical tankers and LNG carriers
Ddry cargo shipdry bulk cargo carriercontainer carriers and refrigerated ships

The axial thrust of the propeller is the force working in a fore and aft directionThis force causes the ship to move ahead through the water or to go asternBecause of her shapea ship will move ahead through the water more easily than going astern
The transverse thrust is the sideways force of the propeller as it rotatesThe transverse effect of the propeller blades at the top near the surface of the water is not strong enough to counteract the opposite effect of the lower bladesFor right-handed propellers this cants the ship's stern to starboard and her bow to portwhen the ship is going aheadThe effect is small and can be corrected by the rudderWhen the engines are put asternthe effect is the opposite and the stern cants to portThis effect is stronger and cannot easily be correctedVessels with left-handed propellers behave in the opposite way

The force that causes the ship to move ahead through the water or to go astern is known as____A____
Aaxial thrust
Btransverse thrust
Cthe transverse effect of the propeller blades

at the top near the surface of the water
Dthe transverse effect of the lower blades of the propeller near the bottom of the water

A left-handed propellerswhen the ship is going aheadwill cant ship's stern to___B_____
Astarboard Bport Cto move ahead Dmove astern

The transverse thrust of the propeller is stronger when the ship is____A____
Agoing a stern Bgoing ahead Cstopped Dmaking no way through the water

The transverse thrust of the propeller can mainly be overcome by ___A_____
Athe rudder Bthe propeller itself Cthe nautical instrument Dwind and tide

The Chief Officeror First Mate as he is often calledis the Master's chief officer and head of the Deck DepartmentHe is assisted by a Second OfficerMatea Third OfficerMateand sometimes a Fourth OfficerMateSeveral companies employ a First Officer as well as a Chief OfficerThe Deck Department also includes a BoatswainBosunand a Carpenterboth petty officersand a number of ratingsThese made up of Able SeamenABOrdinary SeamenOSand a middle grade known as Efficient Deck HandsEDHThere are other grades of seamenOn some ships Navigating Cadets are carried for training purposes
The Chief Engineer is head of the Engine DepartmentHe is assisted by a SecondThirdFourth and sometimes Fifth EngineerAn Electrical Officer may also be carriedThe engine room petty officers are the Storekeeper and DonkeymanOn tankers there is also a PumpmanHe is also a petty officerThe engine room ratings are Firemen and GreasersThere may also be Engineer Cadets
The Catering Department is under the Chief StewardIt is divided into a saloon and galley sectionThe former is headed by the Second Stewardthe latter by the Ship's CookThey are both usually petty officersThey are assisted by several stewards and cooksand by a number of junior ratings
The Radio Department often consists of only one manthe Radio OfficerOn ships where continuous radio watches are kept there may be three radio officersa ChiefSecond and Third

____C____ is not a petty officer
ABoatswain BSecond Steward CRadio Officer DStorekeeper

EDH is rank which is higher than ___C_____
ASecond Steward BAB COS DChief Engineer

Storekeeper belong to ____B____
ADeck Dept BEngine Dept CCatering Dept DRadio Dept

There are ____D____ departments on bard a big ship according to the passage
Atwo Bthree Cfour Dfive

??
While every effort is made to ensure that the data provided through the Notices to Mariners service is accuratethe user needs to be aware of the risks to corruption of dataIt is important that the user should only use the data on suitable equipment and thatother applications should not be running on the user's machine at the same timeUsers should exercise their professional judgement in the use of dataand also consult the Mariners HandbookNP100for further detailsThe user needs to be aware that there is a possibility that data could be corrupted during transmissionor in the process of display or printing on the user's eq

uipmentor if converted to other software formatsand is accordingly advised that the UKHO cannot accept responsibility for any such changeor any modifications or unauthorised changesmade by licenseesor other parties

The data may become corrupted in any of the following process except ____D___
Aduring transmission
Bin the display or printing on the user's equipment
Cin converting to other software formats
Din air mail delivery to the readers

The user of the data is advised to consult ___A____ for further details
AMariners Handbook BSailing Directions CGuide to Port Entry
DNotices to Mariners

Of the following items ___D____ is not mentioned for which UKHO will accept no responsibility
Achange in the process of display or printing
Bunauthorised changes made by licensees or other parties
Cmodifications made by licensees or other parties
Dprofessional amendments

It is implied that ____C___
Athe data are incorrect
Bthe data are to be corrected intensively
Calthough the data are accurate enoughyou are still advised to use it with caution
Dnot to use it if you have not enough time or proper equipment to effect necessary correction

The container ship is different from the conventional type and is an innovation noted for easier handling and quicker turnover of cargoesCargoes to be carried by this type of ship are pre-packed into containers before being loaded aboard the ship
Containers are sealed after being packed with cargoesMade of metal or other durable materialsthey are watertight after sealing and can therefore be stowed on deck whilst being carriedOne of the features of container ships is that some of the containers are usually stowed on deck
The container ship is becoming increasingly popular in trading circlesand the trend is that the tonnage thereof will grow at a faster pace in future

What doesinnovationin the first paragraph mean ____C_____
Amaking changes
Bthe introduction of an antigenic substance into the body against a specific disease
CThe act of introducing something new
Drevolution

Containers are sealed after being packed with cargoesD
Afilled Bloaded Cstuffed
Dclosed officially or under the supervision of notary public

Of the following_____C__ is not the feature of the container ship?
ASome of the containers are usually stowed on deck
BIt is easy for handling and quick turnover of the cargo
CThe container ship is becoming increasingly safer
DCargoes are pre-packed into the container

The tonnage of container ship is ___B_____
Adecreasing Bincreasing Cremaining the same Dchanging

Nautical charts are indispensable to marinersTheyhoweverare subject to frequent changessuch as those of navigational aidsof waterways due to the dredging and constructionof depths of waterand of removal or appearance of wrecksIn order to keep up-to-date and reliablenautical charts have to undergo correctionChanges of importance are generally promulgated by weekly edition of Notices to Marinerswhich en

able mariners to correct the charts by handIf major changes make it impracticable to do sothe Notices will provide a reproduction of a small areawhich is also called blockto be pasted onto the chart in its correct position

Nautical charts need correction because ___C_____
Anavigational aids are sometimes indispensable
Bthere are always some mistakes
Cwrecks may appear or be removed
Dthey could never be reprinted

Correction to charts are made by crew members in accordance with ____A____
ANotices to Mariners
BSailing Directions
CGuide to Port Entry
DSupplement

In the passageBlocks are _____C___
Alarge scale charts Brepresentations of charts Creproductions of portions of charts
Dsmall scale charts

The purpose of correction to charts is to ___A_____
Akeep them up-to-date Bmake the charts brand-new
Ckeep the charts available to all mariners in the world
Dkeep the charts free from mistakes

Corrections to Sailing Directions are given in Section Those in force at the end of the year are reprinted in the Annual Summary of Notices to MarinersA list of corrections in force is published in Section of the Weekly Edition for the last week of each month
It is recommended that corrections be kept in a file with the latest list of corrections in force on topThe list should be consulted when using the parent book to see if any corrections affecting the area under consideration are in force
It is not recommended that corrections be stuck in the parent book or current supplementbutif this is donewhen a new supplement is received care must be taken to retain those corrections issued after the date of the new supplementwhich may be several months before its receipt on board

_____B___ are reprinted in the Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners
AThe Sailing Directions
BThe corrections to Sailing Directions
CThe effective corrections to Notices to Mariners
DThe Weekly Edition

The parent book is ___A_____
AThe Sailing Direction
BThe corrections to Sailing Directions in force
Cthe Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners
Dthe Weekly Edition

It is recommended that corrections to the Sailing Directions be ____D____
Amade by hand
Bconsulted at the last week of each month
Cstuck in the parent book or current supplement
Dkept in a file with the latest list of corrections in force on top

If the corrections be stuck in the parent book or current supplement_____A__
Awhen a new supplement is receivedthose corrections issued after the date of the new supplement must be retained
Bthe parent book must be consulted
Cthe current supplement must be consulted
Dthe Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners must be used

The amount of detail shown on a chart varies with the scale of the chartOn a large scale chartfor examplefull details of all lights and fog signals are shownbut on smaller scales the order of reduction of information in elevationperiodrangeuntil on an ocean chart of the area only lights with a range of 15 miles or more

will normally be insertedand then only their light-star and magenta flareOn the other handradio beacons are omitted from large scale charts where their use would be inappropriateandunless they are long range beaconsfrom ocean charts

Ocean charts are ___B_____ ones
Alarge scale Bsmall scale Cinappropriate Domitted

What cannot be found in the large scale charts ____A____
ARadio beacons of small range BFull details of all lights CElevations
DFull details of fog signals

The light-star and magenta flare are shown on ____C____
Alarge scale charts only Bsmall scale charts only
Cboth small and large scale charts Dneither small nor large scale charts

The title of this passage should be ____A____
ALights and Beacons on Charts BCharacteristic of Lights and Beacons
CCorrections to Small and Large Scale charts DNavigational Charts Publication

??
DALIAN OBSY GALE WARNING 190600Z
COLD FRONT WILL PASS BOHAI SEA BOHAI STRAITS NORTH AND CENTRAL HUANGHAI SEA CAUSING GALE WINDS TOMORROW AFTERNOON AND EVENING STOP
SYNOPTIC SITUATION 190600Z
LOW 994 HPA AT 48N 118E MOVING SE 8 KTS WITH COLD FRONT FROM CENTER PASSISNG 44N 128E HIGH 1013HPA AT 38N 124E STATIONARY STOP
24HOURS WEATHER FORECAST FROM 191000Z
BOHAI SEA BOHAI STRAITS NORTH AND CENTRAL HUANGHAI SEA PARTLY CLOUDY BECOMING OVERCAST TOMORROW WITH RAIN SW WINDS FORCE 7 TO 8 TOMORROW ATERNOON AND EVENING SEA ROUGH BECOMING VERY ROUGH STOP

The COLD FRONT will pass Bohai SeaBohai StraitsNorth and central Huanghai Sea on ___A____
AThe 20th BThe 19th CThe 18th DThe 6th

____B____ is stationary at 38N 124E
ALow 994 hPa BHigh 1013 hPa CCold front DWarm front

The winds are expected tomorrow to be ____D___?
Arough Bvery rough CSE 8 knots DSW 7-8 in force

What is the weather like tomorrow in this area ____A_____
AIt will be partly cloudy becoming overcast with rain and SW force 7-8 winds
BLOW 994 HPA at 48N 118E is moving SE 8 KTS with COLD FRONT from center passing 44N 128E
CHIGH 1013HPA at 38N 124E will be stationary
DIt will rain the whole day

In some parts of a chart where the spaces are rather blank and there are no symbols of any kindthere may be CautionsWarningsNotesetcwhich should be taken into account while using a chartAll of those Cautionary Notes give the mariner facilities to ensure safe navigationsuch as to avoid running aground in shallow waters and making damages to nearby fishing gearsand to keep off any hazards in areas where submarine frequently exercisesFurthermorethey are of GOOD help to marinersas to the reliability of the navigational aids especially in congested waters or narrow channelsto prevent any possible accidents

What is the main topic of this passage ___D______
ARegulations of the harbor BDetails in the Sailing Directions
CRules of the terminal DDescription on Admiralty Charts

According to the passageyou must pay attention to __A______ while using a chart
ACautionsWarnings and Notes BReportsSymbols and C

harts
CExplanationsaccounts and answers DDamageshazards and injuries

Cautionary Notes are helpful for mariners _____C___
Ato run aground in shallow waters
Bto make damages to nearby fishing gears
Cto keep off hazards in areas where submarine exercises
Dto keep the reliability of the aids to navigation in congested waters or narrow channels

CautionsWarningsNotesetcare likely inserted in some parts of a chart where _____D___
Asubmarine frequently exercises
Bthere are fishing gears
Cthe waters is congested and the channels are narrow
Dthe spaces are rather blank and there are no symbols of any kind

Logbooks required by lawto be filled out by masters or officers on duty of every shipthe forms of which must be proved by the shipping companies or marine authorities
Logbooks are used to record the events occurring during the ship's stay in a harborat anchorageor underwayand they are also requested to produce evidences in case officials inquire about accidents
On completion of the voyage the logbook must be submitted to the superintendent of the owner or the marine authorities for justificationchecking or approvalThereforeeverything recorded in the logbook must be true and accurate
When a misentry has been made in the loga red line would be drawn on those partsThe correct entry with signature should be made near or above themNo erasures or cuts are to be allowed

The best title for the passage is____B____
AThe forms of logbooks BThe use of logbooks
CCharacteristics of logbooks DHow to check logbooks

When a misentry has been made in the log___D____
Aerasures or cuts are to be allowed
Bit is to be corrected out by masters or officers on duty of every ship
Cit is to be produced in case officials inquire about accidents
Da red line would be drawn on those partswith correct entry with signature being made near or above them

The forms of logbooks must be proved by _____B___
Aofficials who inquire about accidents
Bthe shipping companies or marine authorities
Cmasters or officers on duty
Dthe superintendent of the owner

The logbook must be submitted ____A____ to the superintendent of the owner or the marine authorities for justificationchecking or approval
Aon completion of the voyage Bin a harbor Cat anchorage Dunderway

For navigationradar is of incredible valueIt provides the navigator with his positionhis distance from ships or obstructions nearby and other accurate information to prevent collision and ensure the safety of the shipRadar can display all objects within its working range clearlyeither in clear weather or in thick fogIn additionif the radar information is correctly interpretedthe navigator can easily work out the speed and direction of an approaching object and take proper measures to keep his ship from any danger
Shore-based radar also plays an important role in shippingIf ship's radar is in troublethe radar observer at the stations will use VHF radio to alert them to other traffic in the vicini

ty as well as to advise their positionUp to nowmany radar surveillance systems have been installed in most large seaportsThey are intended to smooth and control the flow of traffic to and from the harbor

For navigationthe radar is ____B____
Aof no value Bvery important Cso expensive that people don't know how much it is
Dvalueless

Which of the following statements about radar's function for marine purposes is incorrect _____C____
AIt provides the navigator the ship's position
BIt provides information to protect ships from collision
CIt displays all the objects at sea clearly
DIt displays the observer's distance from ships and obstructions nearby

If the ship's radar is in troublethe shore-based radar ___A____
Amay provide the ship of her position
Bshould be installed with surveillance systems
Cshall advise the ship to use VHF
Dwill be put into use immediately

Radar surveillance systems ___D_____
Amay provide all ships of their technical conditions
Bshould be installed with VHF
Cshall be correctly interpreted
Dare intended to smooth and control the flow of traffic to and from the harbor

Communications over relatively short distances can be made by visual or sound signalsVisual signals can be sent by using flags or an Aldis lampAn Aldis lamp is an electric lamp used for flashing messages in Morse codeThe traditional method of signaling from one ship to another is by using flagsThere are different colored flags for each letter of the alphabetThere are also pennant-shaped flags for numbersand a long pennantknown as an answering or code pennantThree other flagswhich are burgee-shapedare known as substitutesThese show that the flat or pennant is being repeatedBesides standing for a letter of the alphabeteach flagwhen hoisted alonghas another meaningFor exampletheWflag also means I require medical assistanceFlags can also be hoisted in combinations of twothree or fourSirenwhistlebell or other sound signals can be used in fog and similar circumstances when visual signals can not be seen

Communications over relatively short distances may be made by ___D_____
Avisual signals Bsound signals CMorse Code