学术英语理工六篇复习大全
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学术英语理工六篇复习大全
学科英语文摘6篇
Academic English for Science & Technology
CONTENTS
T1How do computer hackers "get inside" a computer? (2)
Choosing a Topic.................... ........ .............. . (5)
Enhancing your academic language.................... .. (7)
Understanding of the Text.................... ........ ..... ..... ..... . (9)
T2 Introduction: Computer
Viruses (10)
Searching for Information (1).................... .... .... .......... (14)
Enhancing your academic language.................... . (16)
Understanding of the Text.................... .. (18)
T5 Can you compete with A.I. for the next job? (20)
Searching for Inf ormation (2)……….. …….. ….. ….. ….. ….. …. .23 Enhancing your academic language..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... . (24) Understanding of the Text..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..26 T9Global Warming & Its Effects.................... ........ . (28)
Searching for Information (3)..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .. (32)
Enhancing your academic language..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... . (37) Understanding of the Text..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .39 T12How Radiation Threatens Health.............................. .41 Writing a Literature Review ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... . (45)
Enhancing your academic language..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... . (51) Understanding of the Text..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .53 T15Genetically Modified Foods –Feed the World?.. (55) Writing an Academic Essay..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... . (58)
Enhancing your academic language….. ….. ….. ….. ….. ….. . . .68 Understanding of the Text….. ….. ….. ….. ….. ….. ….. ….. ….. .70
Expanding Reading:
Section A.. ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .. (72)
Listening to Lectures..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .. (74)
Section B.. ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .. (79)
Making an Oral Presentation.. ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... . (81)
Text 1How do computer hackers "get inside" a computer?
August 16, 2004 Julie J.C.H. Ryan, an assistant professor at The George Washington University and co-author of Defending Your Digital Assets Against Hackers, Crackers (解密高手), Spies, and Thieves, explains.
1.This seems like a straightforward question but it’s actually quite
complex in its implications, and the answer is anything but simple.
The trivial (平凡而随便的)response is that ‘hackers get inside a target computer system by exploiting vulnerabilities(漏洞),’but in order to provide more detail, let’s start from the beginning.
2.The term ‘hacker’is fairly controversial in its meaning and
interpretation. Some people claim that hackers are good guys who simply push the boundaries of knowledge without doing any harm (at least not on purpose), whereas ‘crackers’ are the real bad guys.
This debate is not productive (富有成效的); for the purposes of this discussion, the term ‘unauthorized user’(UU未授权用户) will suffice (足够了). This moniker (绰号/名称=UU) covers the entire spectrum (范围) of folks, from those involved in organized criminal activities to insiders who are pushing the limits of what they are authorized to do on a system.
3.Next let’s explore what it means to ‘get inside’ a