哥伦布航海日志(英文版节选)

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哥伦布的航海探险【英文精品】

Columbus continued exploring to the south, along the coasts of present-day Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama. He met several native cultures, observing maize being cultivated on terraces. They saw stone structures and discovered some interesting and vital facts (which made Columbus even surer that he had found the path he had dreamed of). They traded also for food and gold whenever possible. In early 1503, the ships began to fail. In addition to the battering they had taken from one hurricane and several major storms, it was discovered that they were infested with termites.
Diego Mendez was finally released and he further made his way to Santo Domingo but found no vessels existed to salvage the mission. He finally arranged a smaller ship to get the men and it was on June 29 1504 that the group was discovered. And on November 7 1504 that Christopher Columbus set foot on his home island again and officially finished his last and most memorable voyage.

克里斯托弗·哥伦布《第一次美洲航海日志(节选)》阅读练习及答案

第一次美洲航海日志（节选）克里斯托弗·哥伦布1492年，10月21日，星期日。

10点钟，我们到达了这个岛的一个海角，船队的其他船只也抛锚停下了。

匆匆吃了一顿饭之后，我上了岸，发现除了一栋空无一人的房子之外，这里没有人烟的迹象。

我们相信房子的主人由于我们的到来深感恐惧，弃家而逃，因为房子里面生活用具样样俱全。

我下令不许动房子里的任何东西，然后带着我的船长们和一些船员去视察岛屿全境。

这座岛屿比其他的岛屿更加美丽富饶。

到处是高大茂盛的树林，还有四周绿树环绕，浓荫覆盖的大湖，景色优美迷人。

整个世界就像四月的安塔露西亚一样青翠欲滴。

鸟儿歌声动听，让人不忍离去，成群的鹨鹉连天空都能遮没。

这里的鸟类和我们国家的鸟类看起来极其不同，还有上千种不同的树木，树上长满果实，香味使人垂涎欲滴。

让我感到非常遗憾的是我不知道这些树的名字，但我确认它们都很有价值，所以我保存了这些树的标本。

在湖周围视察时，我们发现了一条蛇，它逃到了水里，我们一直跟着它，因为水不深，最后用长矛把它捉住了。

这条蛇有七指长，我估计这一带还有很多这样的蛇。

我还发现了芦荟树，并决定明天带十昆多（当时的一种计量单位——译者注）上船，因为有人告诉我这种树很值钱。

在寻找饮用水的过程中，我们在距离停船处半里格（旧时长度单位，1里格约合4.8公里——译者注）的地方见到了一座当地人的村庄，那里的居民一发现我们就弃家逃走，还把值钱的东西都带到了山里。

我命令我们的人不许拿走他们留下的任何东西，连一根针也不行。

不久我们就看到几个当地人向我们走过来，其中有一个接近了我们，我们给了他一些鹰铃和玻璃珠，他很高兴。

作为交换，我们向他要一些水。

当我回到船上时，那些当地人已经带着装满水的葫芦来到了岸边，而且表现得很高兴。

我下令再给他们一些玻璃珠，他们答应第二天再来。

我希望能在这个地方将船上的水桶装满水，如果天气许可，就马上离开，绕岛航行，直到我找到这里的国王。

因为我听说他拥有很多黄金，所以想试试看能否得到一些。

哥伦布发现新大陆(英文版)精品文档32页

4.Political system
Spain had already established unified centralized central autocracy(统一集权的中央专治制度), the Queen can centralize and manoeuvre(调动) qualified personnel, material resources and financial resources to make explorations.
2.Territory pressure and ambition
Along the road of Africa towards east on the sea was monopolized by Portuguese(葡萄牙), and the road on land was blocked by Muslims. In order to develop an overseas empire, Spain decided to set up another road to east.
3.The greed for wealth
Europe had long enjoyed a safe passage to China and India------the gold and sources of valued goods such as silk, spices etc.
The east of Mediterranean(地中海) was under Ottoman’s(土耳其) control, which was the traditional commercial road through east and west. Spain, at the same time, having completed an expensive war, was desperate for a competitive edge over other European countries in trade with the East Indies(东印度群岛).

介绍哥伦布英语作文

介绍哥伦布英语作文Christopher Columbus, the Italian explorer, is widely known for his voyages across the Atlantic Ocean in the late15th century. Columbus was born in 1451 in the Republic of Genoa, which is now modern-day Italy. He became fascinatedwith the idea of exploring the world and finding a new trade route to Asia.In 1492, Columbus set sail from Spain with three ships –the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. His goal was to reach Asia by traveling westward, but instead, he stumbled upon the Americas. He landed on a small island in the Caribbean, which he named San Salvador.Columbus's voyages to the Americas had a profound impact on the world. They led to the Columbian Exchange, where goods, animals, and ideas were exchanged between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. This exchange had both positive andnegative effects, as it introduced new crops and animals to the Americas but also brought disease and conflict.Despite his monumental achievements, Columbus's legacy is controversial. While he is celebrated as a great explorer in some countries, in others he is heavily criticized for his treatment of the indigenous people he encountered. Many view him as a symbol of the negative impact of European colonization on the Americas.In conclusion, Christopher Columbus was a pivotal figure in history whose voyages changed the world. While he is celebrated for his exploration and the Columbian Exchange, his legacy is also marred by the negative impact of colonization. It is important to remember both the achievements and the consequences of Columbus's actions as we continue to study and learn from his expeditions.。

航海日志英文版

航海日志英文版第一篇：航海日志英文版1.（航海日志）工人和驳船到达并开始卸各舱货物。

2.（航海日志）1700时至0600时在首楼安排通宵的敏锐瞭望。

3.（航海日志）0930引水员离船，1010通知机舱换油定速，1030正横大沽灯塔。

4.（航海日志）浓雾，通知机舱备车，按章鸣放雾号。

5.（航海日志）因大雨各舱停止装货，关闭所有舱口。

6.（航海日志）引水员上船并在他指挥下全速前进。

7.（航海日志）天气转为阴天偶有阵雨，能见度中等。

8.（航海日志）1530 进行消防和救生演习，1600演习结束。

9.（航海日志）所有缆绳绞紧，通知机舱完车，引水员离船。

10.（航海日志）开始卸各舱货物，特别注意防火措施。

11.（航海日志）1010 在左舷追越一同向船，相距2海里。

12.（航海日志）轻风，微浪，天气晴朗，能见度良好。

13.（航海日志）1030 减速进入防波堤内1050 在拖轮协助下系靠3号码头。

14.（航海日志）天气已经变为阴天，并伴有阵雨。

15.（航海日志）大浪把上甲板右舷梯子冲走。

16.（航海日志）在左舷8海里外，遇有一艘对开的集装箱船。

17.（航海日志）锚抓牢，6节入水，关闭航行灯，开启甲板照明灯，完车。

18.（航海日志）雾消散，全速前进，定速。

撤销瞭头，关闭雷达。

19.（航海日志）1125 锚离底，1130 引航员上船升H旗1205右正横防波堤1207左舷船首带拖轮。

20.（航海日志）0820 能见度降至1.5海里，通知机舱备车航行，按章节鸣放雾号。

21.（航海日志）全体船员在艇甲板上集合，进行弃船演习。

22.（航海日志）解掉全部缆绳，两条拖轮在前后协助离泊。

开始绞左锚。

23.（航海日志）开航前试验驾驶台控制系统和操舵设备，情况正常。

24.（航海日志）甲板大量上浪，采取减速、改向措施来减轻颠簸。

25.（航海日志）1800 工人换班，晚班上船工作，开始卸No 4 舱货物。

26.（航海日志）1520 抵达指定压载水交换位置，所有压载舱开始换水。

英文航海日志记载

英文航海日志记载进港实例0430 Notified E.R. to change oil. 通知机舱换油.Tested steering gear ,telegraph&whistle,checked gyro compass&ships clock. all in good condition 试验舵机.车钟及汽笛核对电罗经和船钟,一切良好.0500 S/B eng, Half ahead.备车,前进二.0530 Stared anchor got ready,stop eng.右锚备妥，停车0536 Arrived at Quarantine anchor and dropped starboard anchor,turned on anchor light .AP:A.L.H. on 078°（T）,3′.2 off depth 13.5m,Heading 325°（T）.到达检疫锚地，抛下右锚，开启锚灯。

锚位：A灯塔方位078°（T），距离3.′2，水深13.5m，船首向325°（T）。

0542 Brought up,6 shackles in water,turned off navigation lights and turned on Deck lights,F/W eng,Waiting for port entry formalities锚抓牢，6节入水，关闭航行灯，开启甲板照明灯。

完车，等候办理进港手续。

0600 Quarantine officers boarded for Q′tine work.检疫人员登轮进行检疫。

0612Granted pratique, Q′tine officers left ship. Notified E.R to prepare eng, switched off deck lights and anchor lights, hoisted anchor ball.通过检疫，检疫人员离船。

欧洲航海家英文版

哥伦布Christopher Columbus: Explorer of the New WorldChristopher Columbus( Italian:Cristoforo Colombo，Spanish:Cristóbal Colón)- (1451-1506) was an Italian navigator,colinizer and explorer who sailed across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492,hoping to find a route to India (in order to trade for spices). He made a total of four trips to the Caribbean and South America during the years 1492-1504.The First Trip:Columbus sailed for King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella of Spain. On his first trip, Columbus l ed an expedition with three ships, the Niña (captained by Vicente Yáñez Pinzon), the Pinta (owned and captained by Martin Alonzo Pinzon), and the Santa Maria (captained by Columbus), and about 90 crew members. They set sail on Aug. 3, 1492 from Palos, Spain, and on October 11, 1492, spotted the Caribbean islands off southeastern North America. They landed on an island they called Guanahani, but Columbus later renamed it San Salvador. They were met by the local Taino Indians, many of whom were captured by Columbus' men and later sold into slavery. Columbus thought he had made it to Asia, and called this area the Indies, and called its inhabitants Indians.While exploring the islands in the area and looking for gold to loot,Columbus' men traveled to the islands of Hispaniola (now divided into Haiti and the Dominican Republic), Cuba, and many other smaller islands. On the return trip, the Santa Maria was wrecked and the captain of the Pinta sailed off on his own to try to beat Columbus back. Columbus returned to Spain in the Nina, arriving on March 15, 1493.The Second Trip:On a second, larger expedition (Sept. 25, 1493-June 11, 1496), sailed with 17 ships and 1,200 to 1,500 men to find gold and capture Indians as slaves in the Indies. Columbus established a base in Hispaniola and sailed around Hispaniola and along the length of southern Cuba. He spotted and named the island of Dominica on November 3, 1493.The Third Trip:On a third expedition (May 30, 1498-October 1500), Columbus sailed farther south, to Trinidad and Venezuela (including the mouth of the Orinoco River). Columbus was the first European since the Viking Leif Ericsson to set foot on the mainland of AmericaThe Fourth Trip:On his fourth and last expedition (May 9, 1502-Nov. 7, 1504), Columbus sailed to Mexico, Honduras and Panama (in Central America) and Santiago (Jamaica). Columbus is buried in eastern Hispaniola (now called the Dominican Republic).葡萄牙航海家麦哲伦：Ferdinand Magellan (Portuguese: Fernão de Magalhães, Spanish: Fernando de Magallanes) (Spring 1480 – April 27, 1521, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines) was a Portuguese maritime explorer who, while in the service of the Spanish Crown, tried to find a westward route to the Spice Islands of Indonesia. He thereby became the first person to lead an expedition across the Pacific Ocean. This was also the first successful attempt to circumnavigate the Earth in history. Although he did not complete the entire voyage (he was killed during the Battle of Mactan in the Philippines), Magellan had earlier traveled eastward to the Spice Islands, so he became one of the first individuals to cross all of the meridians of the Globe.Magellan was the first European to enter the Pacific from the eponymous Strait of Magellan, which he discovered. He was also the first European to reach the archipelago of what is now known as the Philippines, which was unknown to the western world before his landing. Arab traders had established commerce within the archipelago centuries earlier.Of the 237 men who set out on five ships to circumnavigate the earth, only 18 completed the circumnavigation of the globe and managed to return to Spain in 1522.They were led by the Basque navigator Juan Sebastián Elcano, who took over command of the expedition after Magellan's death. Seventeen other men arrived later in Spain, twelve men captured by the Portuguese in Cape Verde some weeks earlier, and in 1525/1526 fivesurvivors of the Trinidad.Origins and first voyageMagellan, because of his family's heritage, became a page to Queen Leonor at the royal court after the death of his parents during his tenth year. Very little is known about Magellan's background. He was the son of Rui de Magalhães (son of Pedro Afonso de Magalhães and wife Quinta de Sousa) and wife Alda de Mesquita, and brother of Duarte de Sousa, Diogo de Sousa and Isabel de Magalhães, but exactly how he is connected to the respective families it is unknown. He was married to Beatriz Barbosa and had two children: Rodrigo de Magalhães[3] and Carlos de Magalhães, both of whom died at a young age.Magellan made his first known expedition at sea at the age of 25 in 1505, when he was sent to India to install Francisco de Almeida as the Portuguese viceroy. The voyage gave Magellan his first experience of battle when a local king, who had paid tribute to Vasco da Gama three years earlier, refused to pay tribute to Almeida, which resulted in the Battle of Diu in 1509. After taking leave without permission, Magellan fell out of favour with Almeida and was also accused of trading illegally with the Moors. Several of the accusations were subsequently proved and there were no further offers of employment after May 15, 1514. Later on in 1515, Magellan had an employment offer as a crew member on a Portuguese ship, but rejected this offer.Spanish search of the Spice IslandsThe aim of Christopher Columbus' voyage to the West was to reach the coasts of the Spice Islands (or the Indies) and to establish commercial relations between Spain and the several Asian kingdoms. The Spanish soon realised after Columbus' voyages that the lands of the Americas were not a part of Asia, but a new continent. Once Vasco da Gama and the Portuguese arrived in India in 1498, it became urgent for Spain to find a new commercial route to Asia. The Treaty of Tordesillas reserved for Portugal the routes that went around Africa. The Spanish Crown then decided to send out exploration voyages in order to find a way to Asia by travelling westwards. Vasco Núñez de Balboa sailed the Pacific Ocean in 1513, and Juan Díaz de Solís died in Río de la Plata some years later trying to find a passage in South America.When Magellan arrived at the Court of Spain, he presented King Charles V with a plan that would give the ships of the Crown of Castile full access to the lands of the Spice Islands, after that plan failing to gain approval from the Portuguese king, Manuel I.JourneyOn August 10, 1519, five ships under Magellan's command – Trinidad, San Antonio, Concepción, Victoria, and Santiago –left Seville and travelled from the Guadalquivir River to Sanlúcar de Barrameda at the mouth of the river, where they remained more than five weeks.Spanish authorities were wary of Magellan, who was originally Portuguese. They almost prevented the admiral from sailing, and switched his crew from mostly Portuguese men to men of Spain. Nevertheless, Magellan set sail from Sanlúcar de Barrameda with about 270 men on September 20. King Manuel ordered a Portuguese naval detachment to pursue Magellan, but Magellan avoided them. After stopping at the Canary Islands, Magellan arrived at Cape Verde, where he set course for Cape St. Augustine in Brazil. On November 27, the expedition crossed the equator; on December 6, the crew sighted South America.Magellan's ship VictoriaSince Brazil was Portuguese territory, Magellan avoided it, and on December 13 anchored near present-day Rio de Janeiro. There the crew was resupplied, but bad conditions caused them to delay. Afterwards, they continued to sail south along South America's east coast, looking for the strait that Magellan believed would lead to the Spice Islands. The fleet reached Río de la Plata on January 10, 1520.On March 30, the crew established a settlement they called Puerto San Julian. On April 2, a mutiny involving two of the five ship captains broke out, but it was unsuccessful because most of the crew remained loyal. Juan Sebastián Elcano was one of those who were forgiven. Antonio Pigafetta, an Italian from Vicenza who paid to be on the Magellan voyage, related that Gaspar Quesada, the captain of Concepcion, was executed; Juan de Cartagena, the captain of San Antonio, and a priest named Padre Sanchezde la Reina were instead marooned on the coast. Another account states that Luis de Mendoza, the captain of Victoria, was executed along with Quesada. Reportedly those killed were drawn and quartered and impaled on the coast; years later, their bones were found by Sir Francis Drake.The Strait of Mage迪亚士Bartolomeu Dias (Portuguese pronunciation: [baɾtuluˈmew ˈdi.ɐʃ]; Anglicized: Bartholomew Diaz; c. 1451 –29 May 1500[2]), a nobleman of the Portuguese royal household, was a Portuguese explorer. He sailed around the southernmost tip of Africa in 1488, reaching the Indian Ocean from the Atlantic, the first European known to have done so.Purposes of the Dias expedition[edit]Bartolomeu Dias was a Knight of the royal court, superintendent of the royal warehouses, and sailing-master of the man-of-war, São Cristóvão (Saint Christopher). King John II of Portugal appointed him, on 10 October 1487, to head an expedition to sail around the southern tip of Africa in the hope of finding a trade route to India. Dias was also charged with searching for the lands ruled by Prester John, who was a fabled Christian priest and ruler.[3]The expedition[edit]Dias' ship São Cristóvão was piloted by Pêro de Alenquer. A second caravel, the São Pantaleão, was commanded by João Infante and piloted by Álvaro Martins. Dias' brother Pêro Dias was the captain of the square-rigged s upport ship with João de Santiago as pilot.[citation needed]An illustration of the São Cristóvão and São PantaleãoThe expedition sailed south along the west coast of Africa. Extra provisions were picked up on the way at the Portuguese fortress of São Jorge de Mina on the Gold Coast. After having sailed past Angola, Dias reached the Golfo da Conceicão (Walvis Bay) by December. Continuing south, he discovered first Angra dos Ilheus, being hit, then, by a violent storm. Thirteen days later, from the open ocean, he searched the coast again to the east, discovering and using the westerlies winds - the ocean gyre, but finding just ocean. Having rounded the Cape of Good Hope at a considerable distance to the west and southwest, he turned towards the east, and taking advantage of the winds of Antarctica that blow strongly in the South Atlantic, he sailed northeast. After 30 days without seeing land, he entered what he named Aguada de São Brás (Bay of Saint Blaise)—later renamed Mossel Bay—on 4 February 1488. Dias's expedition reached its furthest point on 12 March 1488 when they anchored at Kwaaihoek, near the mouth of the Boesmans River, where a padrão—the Padrão de São Gregório —was erected before turning back.[4] Dias wanted to continue sailing to India, but he was forced to turn back when his crew refused to go further.[5] It was only on the return voyage that he actually discovered the Cape of Good Hope, in May 1488. Dias returned to Lisbon in December of that year, after an absence of sixteen months.[citation needed]The discovery of the passage around southern Africa was significant because, for the first time, Europeans realised they could trade directly with India and the other parts of Asia, bypassing the overland route through the Middle East, with its expensive middlemen. The official report of the expedition has been lost.[citation needed]Bartolomeu Dias originally named the Cape of Good Hope the "Cape of Storms" (Cabo das Tormentas). It was later renamed (by King John II of Portugal) the Cape of Good Hope (Cabo da Boa Esperança) because it represented the opening of a route to the east.[citation needed]Follow-up voyages[edit]After these early attempts, the Portuguese took a decade-long break from Indian Ocean exploration. During that hiatus, it is likely that they received valuable information from a secret agent, Pêro da Covilhã, who had been sent overland to India and returned with reports useful to their navigators.[6]Using his experience with explorative travel, Dias helped in the construction of the São Gabriel and its sister ship, the São Rafael that were used by Vasco da Gama to sail past the Cape of Good Hope and continue to India. Dias only participated in the first leg of Da Gama's voyage, until the Cape Verde Islands. Two years later he was one of the captains of the second Indian expedition, headed by Pedro Álvares Cabral. This flotilla first reached the coast of Brazil, landing there in 1500, and then continued eastwards to India. Dias perished near the Cape of Good Hope thathe presciently had named Cape of Storms. Four ships encountered a huge storm off the cape and were lost, including Dias', on 29 May 1500. A shipwreck found in 2008 by the Namdeb Diamond Corporation off Namibia was at first thought to be Dias' ship;[7] however, recovered coins come from a later time.[8]Personal life[edit]Bartolomeu Dias was married and had two children:•Simão Dias de Novais, who died unmarried and without issue.•António Dias de Novais, a Knight of the Order of Christ, married to (apparently his relative, since the surname Novais was transmitted through her brother's offspring) Joana Fernandes, daught er of Fernão Pires and wife Guiomar Montês (and sister of Brites Fernandes and Fernão Pires, married to Inês Nogueira, daughter of Jorge Nogueira and wife, and had issue). Dias' grandson Paulo Dias de Novais was a Portuguese coloniser of Africa in the 16th century. Dias' granddaughter, Guiomar de Novais married twice, as his second wife to Dom Rodrigo de Castro, son of Dom Nuno de Castro and wife Joana da Silveira, by whom she had Dona Paula de Novais and Dona Violante de Castro, both died unmarried and without issue, and to Pedro Correia da Silva, natural son of Cristóvão Correia da Silva, without issue.[citation needed]达伽马Vasco da GamaFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaFor other uses, see Vasco da Gama (disambiguation).Vasco da Gama, 1st Count of Vidigueira (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈvaʃku ðɐˈɣɐmɐ]; c. 1460s – 24 December 1524), was a Portuguese explorer and the first European to reach India by sea. His initial voyage to India (1497–1499) was the first to link Europe and Asia by an ocean route, connecting the Atlantic and the Indian oceans and, in this way, the West and the Orient.Da Gama's discovery of the sea route to India was significant and opened the way for an age of global imperialism and for the Portuguese to establish a long-lasting colonial empire in Asia. Traveling the ocean route allowed the Portuguese to avoid sailing across the highlydisputed Mediterranean and traversing the dangerous Arabian Peninsula. The sum of the distances covered in the outward and return voyages made this expedition the longest ocean voyage ever made until then, far longer than a full voyage around the world by way of the Equator.[1]After decades of sailors trying to reach the Indies, with thousands of lives and dozens of vessels lost in shipwrecks and attacks, da Gama landed in Calicut on 20 May 1498. Unopposed access to the Indian spice routes boosted the economy of the Portuguese Empire, which was previously based along northern and coastal West Africa. The spices obtained from Southeast Asia were primarily pepper and cinnamon at first, but soon included other products, all new to Europe. Portugal maintained a commercial monopoly of these commodities for several decades. It would be a century later before other European powers such as the Netherlands and England, followed by France and Denmark, were able to challenge Portugal's monopoly and naval supremacy in the Cape Route.Da Gama led two of the Portuguese armadas destined for India, the first and the fourth. The latter was the largest and departed for India four years after his return from the first one. For his contributions, Da Gama was appointed the Governor of India in 1524, under the title of Viceroy, and given the newly created County of Vidigueira in 1519. Vasco da Gama remains a leading figure in the history of exploration. Numerous homages have been made worldwide to celebrate his explorations and accomplishments. The Portuguese national epic, Os Lusíadas, was written in his honour. His first trip to India is widely considered a milestone in world history, as it marked the beginning of a sea-based phase of global multiculturalism.[2]In March 2016, researchers announced that thousands of artifacts and vessel remains had been recovered from the ship Esmeralda, one of Da Gama's armada, found off the coast of Oman. [3]麦哲伦For the eponymous railcar, see Ferdinand Magellan (railcar).Ferdinand Magellan (/məˈɡɛlən/[1] or /məˈdʒɛlən/;[2]Portuguese: Fernão deMagalhães, IPA: [fɨɾˈnɐɐw ðɨ mɐɣɐˈʎɐɐjʃ]; Spanish:Fernando deMagallanes, IPA: [ferˈnando ðe maɣaˈʎanes]; c. 1480 – 27 April 1521) wasa Portuguese explorer who organised the Castilian ('Spanish') expedition tothe East Indies from 1519 to 1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth, completed by Juan Sebastián Elcano.Born into a Portuguese noble family in around 1480, Magellan became a skilled sailor and naval officer and was eventually selected by King Charles I of Spain to search for a westward route to the Maluku Islands (the "Spice Islands"). Commanding a fleet of five vessels, he headed south through the Atlantic Ocean to Patagonia, passing through the Strait of Magellan into a body of water he named the "peaceful sea" (the modern Pacific Ocean). Despite a series of storms and mutinies, the expedition reached the Spice Islands in 1521 and returned home via the Indian Ocean to complete the first circuit of the globe. Magellan did not complete the entire voyage, as he was killed during the Battle of Mactan in the Philippines in 1521.Ferdinand Magellan, traveling west from Europe, in 1521, reached a region of Southeast Asia (the Malay Archipelago), which he had reached on previous voyages traveling east (from 1505 to 1511-1512). Magellan thereby achieved a nearly complete personal circumnavigation of the globe for the first time in history.[3][4]The Magellanic penguin is named after him, as he was the first European to note it.[5] Magellan's navigational skills have also been acknowledged in the naming of objects associated with the stars, including the Magellanic Clouds, now known to be two nearby dwarf galaxies; the twin lunar craters of Magelhaens and Magelhaens A; and the Martian crater of Magelhaens.[6]For the eponymous railcar, see Ferdinand Magellan (railcar).Ferdinand Magellan (/məˈɡɛlən/[1] or /məˈdʒɛlən/;[2]Portuguese: Fernão deMagalhães, IPA: [fɨɾˈnɐɐw ðɨ mɐɣɐˈʎɐɐjʃ]; Spanish:Fernando deMagallanes, IPA: [ferˈnando ðe maɣaˈʎanes]; c. 1480 – 27 April 1521) wasa Portuguese explorer who organised the Castilian ('Spanish') expedition tothe East Indies from 1519 to 1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth, completed by Juan Sebastián Elcano.Born into a Portuguese noble family in around 1480, Magellan became a skilled sailor and naval officer and was eventually selected by King Charles I of Spain to search for a westward route to the Maluku Islands (the "Spice Islands"). Commanding a fleet of five vessels, he headed south through the Atlantic Ocean to Patagonia, passing through the Strait of Magellan into a body of water he named the "peaceful sea" (the modern Pacific Ocean). Despite a series of storms and mutinies, the expedition reached the Spice Islands in 1521 and returned home via the Indian Ocean to complete the first circuit of the globe. Magellan did not complete the entire voyage, as he was killed during the Battle of Mactan in the Philippines in 1521.Ferdinand Magellan, traveling west from Europe, in 1521, reached a region of Southeast Asia (the Malay Archipelago), which he had reached on previous voyages traveling east (from 1505 to 1511-1512). Magellan thereby achieved a nearly complete personal circumnavigation of the globe for the first time in history.[3][4]The Magellanic penguin is named after him, as he was the first European to note it.[5] Magellan's navigational skills have also been acknowledged in the naming of objects associated with the stars, including the Magellanic Clouds, now known to be two nearby dwarf galaxies; the twin lunar craters of Magelhaens and Magelhaens A; and the Martian crater of Magelhaens.[6]佩德罗·阿尔瓦雷斯·卡布拉尔Pedro Álvares CabralFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaPedro Álvares Cabral[A] (European Portuguese: [ˈpeðɾu ˈaɫvɐr(ɨ)ʃ kɐˈβɾaɫ] or Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈpedɾu ˈawvaɾis kaˈbɾaw]; c. 1467 or 1468 – c. 1520) was a Portuguese nobleman, military commander, navigator and explorer regarded as the discoverer of Brazil. Cabral conducted the first substantial exploration of the northeast coast of South America and claimed it for Portugal. While details of Cabral's early life are unclear, it is known that he came from a minor noble family and received a good education. He was appointed to head an expedition to India in 1500, following Vasco da Gama's newly opened route around Africa. The object of theundertaking was to return with valuable spices and to establish trade relations in India—bypassing the monopoly on the spice trade then in the hands of Arab, Turkish and Italian merchants. Although the previous expedition of Vasco da Gama to India, on its sea route, recorded signs of land west of the southern Atlantic Ocean (in 1497), Cabral is regarded as the first captain who ever touched four continents, leading the first expedition that united Europe, Africa, America, and Asia.[2]His fleet of 13 ships sailed far into the western Atlantic Ocean, perhaps intentionally, where he made landfall on what he initially assumed to be a large island. As the new land was within the Portuguese sphere according to the Treaty of Tordesillas, Cabral claimed it for the Portuguese Crown. He explored the coast, realizing that the large land mass was probably a continent, and dispatched a ship to notify King Manuel I of the new territory. The continent was South America, and the land he had claimed for Portugal later came to be known as Brazil. The fleet reprovisioned and then turned eastward to resume the journey to India.A storm in the southern Atlantic caused the loss of several ships, and the six remaining ships eventually rendezvoused in the Mozambique Channel before proceeding to Calicut in India. Cabral was originally successful in negotiating trading rights, but Arab merchants saw Portugal's venture as a threat to their monopoly and stirred up an attack by both Muslims and Hindus on the Portuguese entrepôt. The Portuguese sustained many casualties and their facilities were destroyed. Cabral took vengeance by looting and burning the Arab fleet and then bombarded the city in retaliation for its ruler having failed to explain the unexpected attack. From Calicut the expedition sailed to the Kingdom of Cochin, another Indian city-state, where Cabral befriended its ruler and loaded his ships with coveted spices before returning to Europe. Despite the loss of human lives and ships, Cabral's voyage was deemed a success upon his return to Portugal. The extraordinary profits resulting from the sale of the spices bolstered the Portuguese Crown's finances and helped lay the foundation of a Portuguese Empire that would stretch from the Americas to the Far East.[B]Cabral was later passed over, possibly as a result of a quarrel with Manuel I, when a new fleet was assembled to establish a more robust presence in India. Having lost favor with the King, he retired to a private life of which few records survive. His accomplishments slipped mostly into obscurity for more than 300 years. Decades after Brazil's independence from Portugal in the 19th century, Cabral's reputation began to be rehabilitated by Emperor Pedro II of Brazil. Historians have long argued whether Cabral was Brazil's discoverer, and whether the discovery was accidental or intentional. The first question has been settled by the observation that the few, cursory encounters by explorers before him were barely noticed at the time and contributed nothing to the future development and history of the land which would become Brazil, the sole Portuguese-speaking nation in the Americas. On the second question, no definite consensus has been formed, and the intentional discovery hypothesis lacks solid proof. Nevertheless, although he was overshadowed by contemporary explorers, Cabral today is regarded as a major figure of the Age of Discovery.。

英文航海日志范文

英文航海日志范文Today marks the 15th day since we set sail from San Francisco, embarking on a remarkable journey across the vast expanse of the Pacific Ocean. The crew and I have encountered both challenges and awe-inspiring moments as we navigate the unpredictable waters.The days blend into one another, marked by the endless horizon stretching out in every direction. The vastness of the ocean both humbles and invigorates us, reminding us of the sheer magnitude of nature's power.Our ship, the "Ocean Explorer," has weathered rough storms and calm seas alike, a testament to the skill and dedication of our crew. Each sunrise brings new hope and determination as we continue our voyage towards the distant shores of Japan.As night falls, the stars emerge like diamonds scattered across the velvet sky, guiding our way through the darkness. The rhythmic sound of the waves against the hull lulls us into a peaceful slumber, a brief respite from the demands of the open sea.As we record these moments in our voyage log, I am filled with gratitude for the opportunity to witness thewonders of the ocean and the unity of our crew in the face of adversity. Our journey across the Pacific is not just a physical passage but a profound experience that will stay with us long after we reach our destination.中文翻译：今天是我们从旧金山出发的第15天，开始了横跨太平洋的非凡旅程。

哥伦布英文简介

哥伦布英文简介IntroductionChristopher Columbus, an Italian explorer, is credited with the discovery of America on October 12, 1492. His voyages across the Atlantic Ocean have had a profound impact on human history, opening up a new era of exploration, colonization, and trade between the eastern and western hemispheres. This article provides a brief overview of Columbus’s life, voyages, and his lasting legacy.Early LifeChristopher Columbus was born in 1451 in the Republic of Genoa (present-day Italy). He grew up in a humble family and received a basic education. As a young man, he developed a strong interest in exploration and maritime trade, which inspired him to pursue a career as a sailor.Voyages1.First Voyage (1492): Columbus, sponsored by the Catholic Monarchsof Spain, set sail from Palos de la Frontera on August 3, 1492, with three ships: the Santa María, the Pinta, and the Niña. After a long and perilous journey, he arrived in the Bahamas on October 12, 1492, believing that he had reached the East Indies.2.Second Voyage (1493): Columbus embarked on his second voyage inSeptember 1493. This time, he had a fleet of 17 ships and approximately 1,200 men. He explored various Caribbean islands, including Puerto Rico and Jamaica, and established Spanish colonies along the way.3.Third V oyage (1498): Columbus’s third voyage took place in 1498,during which he explored the coast of South America. He reached the mouth of the Orinoco River, thinking it was another opening to the Indian Ocean.However, his failure to find the expected riches led to a decline in his popularity among the Spanish royalty.4.Fourth Voyage (1502-1504): Columbus’s fourth and final voyage wasthe most challenging. He encountered numerous hardships, including storms, shipwrecks, and rebellions from his crew. Despite these setbacks, he explored parts of Central America, discovering the southern coast of Honduras and the Bay Islands.LegacyColumbus’s voyages had a significant impact on world history. They opened a new era of transatlantic exploration and paved the way for European colonization ofthe Americas. Columbus’s expeditions brought forth the Columbian Exchange, a period of exchange between the Eastern and Western hemispheres that shaped the world we live in today.However, it is important to note that Columbus’s l egacy is not without controversy. His arrival in the Americas had devastating consequences for the indigenous population, leading to the decimation of their numbers through disease, enslavement, and violence. Columbus’s treatment of the indigenous people h as sparked debates and discussions regarding the ethics of his actions and the celebration of his legacy.ConclusionChristopher Columbus holds a prominent place in history as an explorer who connected the Eastern and Western hemispheres. His voyages across the Atlantic Ocean opened up new opportunities for trade, colonization, and cultural exchange. However, it is essential to examine Columbus’s legacy critically, considering the impact it had on indigenous populations. Understanding the historical context surrounding Columbus’s exploration empowers us to have a nuanced perspective on his contributions and the consequences of his actions.。

哥伦布探险英文作文

哥伦布探险英文作文1. Columbus was an explorer who set sail from Spain in 1492. He was determined to find a new route to Asia, but instead, he stumbled upon the Americas. It was a complete surprise for him and his crew, and they were amazed by the new lands they discovered.2. The native people they encountered were friendly and curious. Columbus called them "Indians" because he believed he had reached the Indies. He was fascinated by their culture and traditions, and he saw great potential in establishing trade routes with them.3. Columbus and his crew faced many challenges during their exploration. They had to navigate through unknown waters, battle harsh weather conditions, and deal with limited supplies. It was a test of their resilience and determination.4. Despite the difficulties, Columbus never gave up. Hebelieved that his discovery would bring great wealth and glory to Spain. He was convinced that he had found a new route to Asia, and he was determined to prove it.5. Columbus' discovery had a significant impact onworld history. It marked the beginning of European colonization in the Americas and the eventual establishment of the United States. It also led to the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures between the Old World and the New World.6. However, Columbus' exploration also had negative consequences. The arrival of Europeans brought diseasesthat decimated the native population, and the colonization led to the displacement and mistreatment of indigenous peoples. It is a dark chapter in history that cannot be ignored.7. Despite the controversy surrounding Columbus, his exploration paved the way for future explorers and settlers. It opened up new possibilities and expanded the horizons of human knowledge. It is a reminder of the human spirit of adventure and the desire to explore the unknown.8. In conclusion, Columbus' exploration was a turning point in history. It brought together different peoples and cultures, but it also had devastating consequences. It is a complex and multifaceted event that continues to be studied and debated today.。

哥伦布的探险之旅作文英文

哥伦布的探险之旅作文英文In 1492, a daring Italian explorer set sail with three small ships, embarking on a voyage that would change the course of history. Columbus, driven by the spirit of adventure and the quest for new lands, navigated the unknown Atlantic with a blend of courage and curiosity.His journey was not without its trials. Facing treacherous seas and the skepticism of his crew, Columbus held fast to his belief that the Earth was round and that a new route to Asia could be found. His determination was a testament to the human spirit's ability to overcome fear and uncertainty.Upon reaching the shores of the Americas, Columbus was met with a world that was both alien and fascinating. He encountered indigenous peoples whose cultures were as rich and diverse as the landscapes they inhabited. This first contact was a pivotal moment, marking the beginning of a new era of exchange and conflict.Columbus's voyages were not without controversy. While he sought to bring back wealth and knowledge, his encounters with the native populations were often fraught with misunderstanding and violence. His legacy is a complex one, a reminder of the dual nature of exploration—both thepotential for discovery and the risks of exploitation.Despite the challenges and the harsh realities of his expeditions, Columbus's voyages opened the door to a new world. His name is synonymous with the Age of Discovery, a time when the boundaries of the known world were pushed back, and the possibilities for human achievement seemed limitless.In the annals of history, Columbus stands as a figure of both triumph and tragedy. His voyages sparked the European colonization of the Americas, leading to a period of profound change and transformation. Yet, they also brought about the suffering and displacement of countless indigenous peoples.As we reflect on Columbus's journey, we are reminded of the power of human ambition and the importance of understanding the world around us. His story is one of exploration, but it is also a lesson in the responsibilities that come with venturing into new territories.In conclusion, Columbus's expeditions were a turning point in human history, shaping the world we know today. His legacy invites us to consider the balance between the pursuit of knowledge and the respect for the cultures and environments we encounter.。

哥伦布发现新大陆英语作文

哥伦布发现新大陆英语作文Christopher Columbus's discovery of the New World in 1492 was a pivotal moment in world history that had a profound impact on the course of human civilization The journey undertaken by Columbus and his crew on behalf of the Spanish monarchs King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella opened up a new continent to European exploration and settlement and ushered in an era of unprecedented global exchange of people goods and ideas The ramifications of this monumental event are still being felt today as the legacy of Columbus's voyages continues to shape the modern worldPrior to 1492 the European understanding of the world was largely limited to the landmasses of Europe Asia and Africa which were collectively referred to as the Old World The existence of the American continents was unknown to the Europeans at the time and the prevailing belief was that the world consisted of these three major landmasses separated by vast oceans Columbus however was convinced that it was possible to reach Asia by sailing westward across the Atlantic Ocean This conviction was based on his study of ancient texts and maps as well as his own experiences as anexperienced seafarerIn 1492 Columbus convinced the Spanish monarchs to finance an expedition to attempt to reach Asia by sailing westward The Spanish agreed to provide Columbus with three ships the Niña the Pinta and the flagship Santa Maria as well as a crew of around 90 men Columbus set sail from the port of Palos in southern Spain on August 3 1492 After a challenging journey across the Atlantic the expedition made landfall on an island in the Bahamas on October 12 1492 which Columbus mistakenly believed to be part of the East IndiesOver the course of his four voyages to the Americas between 1492 and 1504 Columbus explored the Caribbean islands the Central American mainland and the northern coast of South America He encountered a wide range of indigenous peoples and cultures that were previously unknown to Europeans and engaged in trade and diplomacy with them Columbus's voyages paved the way for Spain to establish colonies in the newly discovered lands and to begin the process of colonization and exploitation of the native populationsThe arrival of Columbus and the subsequent Spanish colonization had a devastating impact on the indigenous peoples of the Americas Millions of native lives were lost due to disease warfare and forced labor as the Spanish sought to extract resources and wealth from their colonies The social and cultural fabric of indigenous societieswas torn apart as they were subjected to European domination and the imposition of Christianity and European customs and institutionsDespite the tragic consequences of European colonization the Columbian Exchange as it is known also facilitated an unprecedented exchange of people plants animals and technologies between the Eastern and Western hemispheres This global exchange had a profound and lasting impact on the development of human civilization Crops such as maize potatoes tomatoes and tobacco were introduced to the Old World and became integral parts of many national cuisines and economies Conversely the introduction of horses cattle and other livestock to the Americas transformed the lives of the indigenous populationsThe legacy of Columbus's voyages is a complex and often controversial one On the one hand his explorations opened up vast new horizons for European expansion and ushered in an era of unprecedented global interconnectedness On the other hand his actions also led to the subjugation and decimation of indigenous populations and the establishment of colonial systems that perpetuated exploitation and oppression for centuriesIn recent years the legacy of Columbus has come under increasing scrutiny and criticism as the negative impacts of European colonization have become more widely recognized Many have calledfor the renaming or removal of statues and monuments honoring Columbus and for the recognition of Indigenous Peoples' Day in place of Columbus Day However others continue to celebrate Columbus as a heroic explorer and champion of Western civilizationUltimately the discovery of the Americas by Columbus was a transformative moment in world history that set in motion a series of events that continue to shape the modern world While the legacy of Columbus is a complex and often troubling one his voyages undoubtedly altered the course of human civilization in profound and lasting ways。

哥伦布的英语作文

哥伦布的英语作文Christopher Columbus was a famous explorer who sailed across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492. He was born in Genoa, Italy and dreamed of finding a new route to Asia. Columbus believed that the world was round and that he could reach Asia by sailing west. Despite facing many challenges and obstacles, Columbus never gave up on his dream.Columbus set sail with three ships the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. The journey was long and difficult, with the crew facing storms, sickness, and food shortages. However, Columbus remained determined to continue on and finally reached land on October 12, 1492. He thought he had reached Asia, but in fact, he had landed in the Caribbean.Columbus' arrival in the Americas changed the course of history. His voyages led to the European colonization of the Americas and the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures between the Old World and the New World. Despite controversy and criticism, Columbus is still remembered asa key figure in the Age of Exploration.Today, Columbus' legacy is a topic of debate. Some see him as a brave explorer who opened up new possibilities for trade and exploration. Others view him as a symbol of European imperialism and the mistreatment of indigenous peoples. Regardless of one's opinion, Columbus' impact on world history cannot be denied.In conclusion, Christopher Columbus was a complexfigure whose actions had far-reaching consequences. His voyages across the Atlantic Ocean changed the world in ways that are still felt today. Whether one views him as a hero or a villain, Columbus will always be remembered as a pivotal figure in the history of exploration and discovery.。

哥伦布发现新大陆英语作文范文模板

哥伦布发现新大陆英语作文范文模板Christopher Columbus, a figure often hailed as the discoverer of the New World, embarked on a monumental journey that forever altered the course of history. His voyage across the Atlantic in 1492 marked a significant turning point in the age of exploration, ushering in an era of unprecedented global interconnectedness. However, the narrative surrounding Columbus's "discovery" is complex and multifaceted, inviting scrutiny and debate from various perspectives.At the heart of the discussion lies the question of whether Columbus truly "discovered" the New World. While it is undeniable that his arrival in the Americas had profound implications for both the Old World and the indigenous peoples of the Americas, the notion of discovery implies an acknowledgment of prior existence. Indigenous peoples had long inhabited the lands that Columbus encountered, their rich cultures and civilizations flourishing in harmony with the natural world. Therefore, it is more accurate to frame Columbus's journey as an encounter or collision of worldsrather than a unilateral discovery.Furthermore, the legacy of Columbus's expedition is marred by controversy and discord. While celebrated in some quarters as a heroic explorer who expanded the horizons of human knowledge, Columbus's actions also precipitated centuries of exploitation, colonization, and cultural erasure. The consequences of his arrival reverberate through history, casting a shadow over the achievements attributed to him.In recent years, there has been a growing movement to reevaluate Columbus's place in history and to critically examine the impact of European colonization on indigenous peoples. This reexamination has prompted calls to reframe Columbus Day as Indigenous Peoples' Day—a recognition of the resilience and contributions of Native American communities.In conclusion, while Christopher Columbus's voyage to the Americas is undeniably a pivotal moment in history, it is essential to approach the topic with nuance and criticalreflection. By acknowledging the complexities and legacies of Columbus's expedition, we can better understand the broader implications of European exploration and colonization in the Americas. Ultimately, the story of Columbus's "discovery" serves as a reminder of the ongoing dialogue between past and present, challenging us to confront uncomfortable truths and strive for a more inclusive and equitable future.。

关于哥伦布的英文作文

关于哥伦布的英文作文英文：Columbus is a famous explorer who discovered the New World. He was born in Genoa, Italy in 1451 and began his career as a sailor at a young age. He believed that he could reach Asia by sailing west, and in 1492 he convinced King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain to fund his voyage. He set sail with three ships, the Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria, and after 36 days at sea, he finally reached land. However, he did not actually reach Asia as he had hoped, but instead landed on an island in the Caribbean. Columbus made a total of four voyages to the New World, and although he did not achieve his original goal, his discoveries had a significant impact on world history.中文：哥伦布是一位著名的探险家，他发现了新世界。

他于1451年出生在意大利的热那亚，很早就开始从事航海工作。

他相信自己可以通过向西航行到达亚洲，在1492年他说服了西班牙国王费迪南德和女王伊莎贝拉资助他的航行。

他带着三艘船，尼娜号、品达号和圣玛利亚号出发，经过36天的航行，他终于到达了陆地。

哥伦布航海故事英文作文

哥伦布航海故事英文作文下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。

文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!Columbus set off on his adventure with a group of brave sailors. They faced many challenges on the high seas.He had a dream of finding new lands and was determined to make it happen.There were times when they didn't know where they were going or what they would find.But Columbus never gave up, he kept going forward.The journey was long and hard, but they persisted.When they finally reached land, it was a moment of excitement and discovery.。

小学英语口语：哥伦布的航行

以下是⽆忧考整理的《⼩学英语⼝语：哥伦布的航⾏》，希望⼤家喜欢！The fifteenth century in Europe was a period of exploration by sea.⼗五世纪的欧洲是海上勘探的⼀个时期。

One of the greatest explorers was Christopher Columbus.最伟⼤的探险家是克⾥斯托弗•哥伦布。

He sailed west across the Atlantic from Spain and reached the New World in 1492.他从西班⽛航⾏在⼤西洋西部，在1492年达到新的世界。

This was a voyage he had planned for many years because he wanted to find a new way to India.这是⼀个他曾计划多年的航次,因为他想找⼀个到达印度的新⽅法。

This voyage cost a lot of money and Columbus had spent many years trying to persuade lsabella,这个旅⾏花费很多钱，哥伦布已经花了许多年时间试图说服伊莎贝拉,the queen of Spain,to provide the money for the voyage.西班⽛⼥王,提供航⾏的资⾦。

Columbus landed on San Salvador island on October 12th,1492.哥伦布在1492年10⽉12⽇登陆圣萨尔⽡多岛。

He had set out with three ships on august 2nd,two and a half months earlier.他已经和三艘船⼀起在8⽉2⽇出发,提早了两个半⽉。

The voyage had been long and difficult.Many of the sailors had fallen sick.航程是漫长⽽艰难的。

英文版哥伦布航海

四次航行

从1492年到1503年间，哥伦布完成了4次从西班牙到美洲的来回航行。所以这些航行都是由卡斯提亚王国（英语：Crown of Castile）资助的。这些航行标志着欧洲人对美洲大陆的探险和殖民的开始，因此对西方历史有着不可估量的重要性。尽管面对日渐增多的反对他的观点的证据，哥伦布仍然坚持认为，他在历次航行中所到过的地方就是马可· 波罗以及其他欧洲旅行家说描述过的亚洲大陆的一部分。哥伦布的拒绝承认他到过的地方不是亚洲的一部分可能部分的解释了，为什么美洲大陆不是以他的名字命名，而是以在他之后的到达美洲的佛罗伦萨的探险家亚美利哥· 韦斯普奇的名字命名。

郑和下西洋，是指自明朝永乐三年（1405年）至宣德八年（1433年）的二十八年间，郑和率众七次远航的历史。1405年7月11日﹙永乐三年﹚ 明成祖命郑和率领庞大的二百四十多艘海船、二万七千四百名船员组成的船队远航，访问了30多个在西太平洋和印度洋的国家和地区，加深了中国同东南亚、东非的友好关系。郑和下西洋是中国古代规模最大、船只最多、海员最多、时间最久的海上航行，比欧洲多个国家航海世界多几十年，是中国明朝强盛的直接表现。
克里斯托弗·哥伦布

克里斯托弗· 哥伦布（ 1451 年8月或10月－1506年5月 20日），探险家、殖民者、航海家。出生于中世纪的热那亚共和国（今意大利西北部）。在西班牙的天主教君主（英语：Catholic Monarchs）的赞助下，他在1492年到1502年间四次横渡大西洋，并成功到达美洲。他的这些航行，拉开了西班牙殖民美洲的序幕，同时也是欧洲殖民后来所谓的 “新大陆”的先驱。其灵柩现存于西班牙塞维利亚主教座堂主堂内。
哥伦布发现新大陆的影响