标准模型的缺陷及其完善

标准模型的缺陷及其完善

The flaws and perfection of the standard

model of particle physics

摘要

Abstract

标准模型(SM)是描述基本粒子强相互作用和电弱相互作用的规范理论。本文简单介绍了标准模型的基本结构，指出标准模型存在的不自然性问题、中微子问题以及自由参数太多等问题。进而，介绍了几个重要的新物理模型

The Standard Model(SM) is a gauge theory to describe

strong and electroweak interactions of elementary

particles. This paper briefly introduces the basic structure of the standard model, point out the st andard model in

the presence of unnatural problems, neutrino problems as well as free parameters is too much w ait for a problem. Then, introduces several important new physical model

引言

目前，粒子物理的理论和实验都是围绕着标准模型进行的，该SU(3)c*SU(2)L*U(1)γ规范理论可以描述各种微观粒子之间的强、弱和电磁相互作用，并且通过Higgs机制来实现将对称性破缺到SU(3)c*U(1)em.自从标准模型建立以来，它己经成功地预言和解释了众多精确的微观实验结果。然而，众所周知的是，模型本身更应该视为某个更基本理论在电弱能标下的极好有效近似，毕竟它的自由参数太多、没有包含暗物质、不能很满意地解释中微子现象、Higgs部分还存在二次发散问题等等,这就促使人们不断提出新的物理模型，以期解决标准模型所面对的这些具体问题，并希望能揭示那个更基本理论的一些性质。其中流行的新模型有超对称模型、小Higgs模型、额外维模型等等。本文主要介超标准模型，特别是电弱相互作用的Weinberg-Salam-Glashow模型，包括它的规范作用方式、Yukawa相互作用和对称性自发破缺以及Higgs机制，紧接着我们列举该模型的一些备受瞩目的缺陷以及几种流行的新物理模型。

At present, particle physics theory and experiment are carried out around the standard model, th is is SU(3)c*SU(2)L*U(1)γ specification for theory can describe the various microscopic particles between the strong and weak and electromagnetic interactions, and through the Higgs mechanism to realize will symmetry breaking to SU(3)c*U(1)em. Since the establishment of the standard model, it has been successfully predicted and explained many of the results of accurate micro experiment. However, it is well known that the model itself should be regarded as an excellent and effective approximation of a more basic theory in electric power. After all, it has too many free parameters, not including dark matter, and can not be satisfied to explain the phenomenon of neutrinos, Higgs part of the existence of two divergent questions, etc.. This prompted people to put forward the new physical model, in order to solve the problem of the standard model, and hope to reveal some of the nature of the more basic theory. The popular new model has the super symmetry model, the small Higgs model, the extra dimension model and so on. In this paper, we introduce the standard model, especially the Weinberg-Salam-Glashow model, which includes its specification, Yukawa interaction, and Higgs mechanism, and then we list some of the most popular models of the model and some popular new physical models.

陈岩