省略句的用法

省略句的用法

Ⅰ、状语从句中的省略用法

一、如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式(am/is/are/was/were)，可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。

1、when，while引导的时间状语从句

When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her.

2、if，unless，once引导的条件状语从句

e.g. If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment.

3、though，although，whether，no matter whether/what/how/who等引导的让步状语从句

. He was happy, though/although (he was) poor.

4、as if，as though引导的方式状语从句

He stood up as if/though (he wanted) to leave.(as if/though + to do表示一个将来的动作)

二、than，as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法：

当不同的主语进行比较时，一般省略从句中的谓语;当从句中的主语与谓语(be动词除外)和主句中的主语与谓语相同时，通常省略从句中的主语和谓语，只保留比较部分。

I have as much as confidence in you as (I have confidence) in him.

三、以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了it is，that is，there is/are。. If (it is) possible/necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt.

Ⅱ、定语从句中的省略用法

关系词的省略关系代词that，which，whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时，可以省略;in which或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。

I don’t like the way (in which/that) you treat the girl.

Ⅲ、虚拟语气中if及should的省略

1、当条件状语从句中有were，had，should等时省略if，把它们提至句首，形成倒装句。

e.g. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.

= Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students.

2、Suggest，insist，order，require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的名词性从句中，谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。

The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight.

Ⅳ、不定式符号to的省略

1、感官动词see，hear，feel，watch等和使役动词have，make，let等后接不定式作宾语时，不定式省略to。

2、do nothing but，can’t help but等结构常接省略to的不定式。

3、在特定语境中为了避免重复，当不定式再次出现时，在want，wish，hope，try，plan，like，love，hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be，have时，也保留be和have。

e.g. My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didn’t want to.

Ⅴ、So和not的替代性省略

用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。可与believe，do，expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，I’m afraid等连用

e.g. – Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting? – I suppose not.