中考英语语法之主谓一致、就近原则讲解
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中考英语语法之主谓一致、就近原则讲解
【导读】就近原则也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity),即:谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有时不一定是主语)在“人称、数”上一致。小编在此搜集整理了中考英语语法之就近原则讲解,希望对大家有所帮助。
I.在正式文体中:
1.由下列词语连接的并列主语:"there be+句型;or;either…or;nor;neither…nor;whether…or;not…but;not only…but also";等。e.g.
①What he does or what he says does not concern me.他的行为或言谈都与我无关。
②Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都没错。
③Not you but your father is to blame.不是你,而是你父亲该受责备。
④Not only you but(also)he is wrong.不仅你错了,他也错了。
2.在倒装句中:谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。
e.g.
①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.在远处,能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。
②There is(are)a pen and some books on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。
II.非正式文体中:
有时依“就近一致原则”,但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”。e.g.
Neither she nor I were there(意义一致)我和他当时都不在那儿。(非正式)
Neither she nor I was there.(就近一致)(译文同上句)(正式)
但是,如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时,则常常认为是不太合符规范的。e.g.
No one except his own supporters agree with him.仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见。(依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则;但语法上,“No one”才是主语,谓语要改成“agrees”。“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。
就近原则
也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity),即:谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有时不一定是主语)在“人称、数”上一致。
I.在正式文体中:
1.由下列词语连接的并列主语:"or;either…or;nor;neither…or;whether…or;not…but;not only…but also";等。e.g.
①What he does or what he says does not concern me.他的行为或言谈都与我无关。
②Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都没错。
③Not you but your father is to blame.不是你,而是你父亲该受责备。
④Not only you hut(also)he is wrong.不仅你错了,他也错了。
2.在倒装句中:谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。e.g.
①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.在远处,能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。
②There is(are)a pen and some books on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。
II.非正式文体中:
有时依“就近一致原则”,但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”。e.g. Neither she nor I were there(意义一致)我和他当时都不在那儿。(非正式)
Neither she nor I was there.(就近一致)(译文同上句)(正式)
但是,如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时,则常常认为是不太合符规范的。
e.g.
No one except his own supporters agree with him.仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见。(依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则;但语法上,“No one”才是主语,谓语要改成“agrees”。“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。
就近原则:
A or B+动词
Either A or B+动词
Neither A nor B+动词
Not only A but also B+动词
其中,动词的单复数要看B这个名词的单复数。如:
He or I am in the wrong,他或是我错了。
Neither you nor he is tired.你和他都没累。
Not you but I am to blame.不该怪你而该怪我。
Either my father or my brothers are coming.不是我父亲就是我兄弟要来。
Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片,他们的老师也在欣赏这部影片。
但在非正式文体中,有时也一律用复数谓语(注:在考试时最好避免使用)。如:
Neither Ted nor Mark are wrong.特德和马克都没有错。
If either David or Janet come,they will want a drink.大卫或珍妮特来了的话,是会要喝酒的。就远原则:
以下情况主语与谓语之间要求就远原则:
A with/besides/but+B+动词
A together with+B+动词
A as well as+B+动词
A no less than+B+动词
其中,动词与A主语一致。如:
Everybody except you is down on me.除了你,大家都看不起我。
A woman with two children has come.一位妇女带着两个孩子已经来了。
John,rather than his roommates,is to blame.约翰,而不是他的室友,应该受到责备。
Jim,together with his classmates,has seen the film.吉姆和他的同学都看过这部电影。
My father,no less than I,is a base-ball fan.我的父亲不亚于我也是个棒球迷。
The son,as well as his parents,wants to go there.不但儿子想去那儿,而且他的父母也想去。
The teacher,as well as the students,is interested in the activity.老师也和同学们一样对这项活动有兴趣。
所谓就近/就远原则是指句子的主语结构很复杂时,如何判断句子谓语的数的问题.
1.就近原则:there/here+be/系动词,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but(also)...,not...but...,分数/百分数修饰名词(population 类外),表许多的名词(除了quantity)
2.就远原则:as well as,(together/along)with,rather than, except/besides/but/including,in addition to,apart from
如:Not only you but also I am right.