高英下册部分课中的修辞手法的运用未注明的句子修辞均为metaphor

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高英第二册修辞汇总

高级英语第二册修辞汇总1. It is easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful. (antithesis)2. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (simile)3. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews. (transferred epithet)4. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. (synecdoche)5. I leaped to my feet, bellowing like a bull. (simile)6. After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and “Puritanical” gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center. (metonymy)7. The conversation was on wings. (metaphor)8. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. (antithesis)9. But we shall not always expect … to remember that, in the past, those wh o foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.(metaphor)10. Polly, I love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space. (hyperbole)11. Greenwich Village set the pattern.(metonymy)12. Naturally, the spirit of carnival and the enthusiasm for high military adventure were soon dissipated once the eager young men had received a good taste of twentieth century warfare. (metaphor)13. The hurricane tore three large cargo ships from their moorings and beached them. (personification)14. The hurricane seized a 600,000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3 miles away. (personification)15. Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls, work their way slowly across the fields. (simile)16. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. (metaphor)17. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. (antithesis)18. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. (metaphor)19. …yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind’s final war. (synecdoche)20. I said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left. (transferred epithet)21. …, an attempt to treat the worker and employee like a machine which runs better when it is well oiled. (simile)22. The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young. (transferred epithet)23. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. (simile)24. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation. (alliteration & simile)25. Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss, now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion. (metaphor)26. And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. (antithesis)27. And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. (metaphor)28. The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure. (metaphor)29. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air. (personification)30. …, and blowndown power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the ro ads. (simile)31. …, and then more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels. (onomatopoeia)32. No one has any idea where the conversation will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. (metaphor)33. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, ...(alliteration)34. that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, ...(parallelism)35. One more chance, I decided. But just one more. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear. (synecdoche)36. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scales, as penetrating as a scalpel. (simile & hyperbole)37. There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lamb’s frontier. (metaphor)38. Before long the movement had become officially recognized by the pulpit (which denounced it). (metonymy)39. So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof. (antithesis)40. To our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge: to convert our good words into good deeds, in new alliance for progress, to assist free men and free government in casting off the chains of poverty. (repetition)常见成语汉译英1.爱屋及乌 Love me, love my dog.2.百闻不如一见 Seeing is believing.3.比上不足比下有余 worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst.4.笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start.5.不眠之夜 white night6.不以物喜不以己悲 not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses7.不遗余力 spare no effort; go all out; do one's best8.不打不成交 No discord, no concord.9.拆东墙补西墙 rob Peter to pay Paul10.辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new11.大事化小小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all12.大开眼界 open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener13.国泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace14.过犹不及 going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little15.功夫不负有心人 Everything comes to him who waits.16.好了伤疤忘了疼 once on shore, one prays no more17.好事不出门恶事传千里 Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide.18.和气生财 Harmony brings wealth.19.活到老学到老 One is never too old to learn.20.既往不咎 let bygones be bygones21.金无足赤人无完人 Gold can't be pure and man can't be perfect.22.金玉满堂 Treasures fill the home.23.脚踏实地 be down-to-earth24.脚踩两只船 sit on the fence25.君子之交淡如水 the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal; a hedge between keeps friendship green26.老生常谈陈词滥调 cut and dried, cliché27.礼尚往来 Courtesy calls for reciprocity.28.留得青山在不怕没柴烧 Where there is life, there is hope.29.马到成功 achieve immediate victory; win instant success30.名利双收 gain in both fame and wealth31.茅塞顿开 be suddenly enlightened32.没有规矩不成方圆 Nothing can be accomplished without norms or standards.33.每逢佳节倍思亲 On festive occasions more than ever one thinks of one's dear ones far away.It is on the festival occasions when one misses his dear most.34.谋事在人成事在天 The planning lies with man, the outcome with Heaven. Man proposes, God disposes.35.弄巧成拙 be too smart by half; Cunning outwits itself36.拿手好戏 masterpiece37.赔了夫人又折兵 throw good money after bad38.抛砖引玉 a modest spur to induce others to come forward with valuable contributions; throwa sprat to catch a whale39.破釜沉舟 cut off all means of retreat；burn one‘s own way of retreat and be determined tofight to the end40.抢得先机 take the preemptive opportunities41.巧妇难为无米之炊 If you have no hand you can't make a fist. One can't make bricks without straw.42.千里之行始于足下 a thousand-li journey begins with the first step--the highest eminence is to be gained step by step43.前事不忘后事之师 Past experience, if not forgotten, is a guide for the future.44.前人栽树后人乘凉 One generation plants the trees in whose shade another generation rests.One sows and another reaps.45.前怕狼后怕虎 fear the wolf in front and the tiger behind hesitate in doing something46.强龙难压地头蛇 Even a dragon (from the outside) finds it hard to control a snake in its old haunt - Powerful outsiders can hardly afford to neglect local bullies.47.强强联手 win-win co-operation48.瑞雪兆丰年 A timely snow promises a good harvest.49.人之初性本善 Man's nature at birth is good.50.人逢喜事精神爽 Joy puts heart into a man.51.人海战术 huge-crowd strategy52.世上无难事只要肯攀登 Where there is a will, there is a way.53.世外桃源 a fictitious land of peace away from the turmoil of the world;54.死而后已 until my heart stops beating55.岁岁平安 Peace all year round.56.上有天堂下有苏杭 Just as there is paradise in heaven, ther are Suzhou and Hangzhou on earth.57.塞翁失马焉知非福 Misfortune may be an actual blessing.58.三十而立 A man should be independent at the age of thirty.At thirty, a man should be able to think for himself.59.升级换代 updating and upgrading (of products)60.四十不惑 Life begins at forty.61.谁言寸草心报得三春晖 Such kindness of warm sun, can't be repaid by grass.62.水涨船高 When the river rises, the boat floats high.63.时不我待Time and tide wait for no man。

高级英语第二册第三版第三课InauguralAddress修辞汇总

高级英语第二册第三版第三课InauguralAddress修辞汇总1.Metaphor（暗喻）1)Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans.2) .. those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.3) But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.4)And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.5)..we renew our pledge of support: to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective to strengthen its shield f the new and the weak.6)And if A beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion.7)The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world2.Antithesis（对照）A)United there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative venture Divided, there is little we can do.2)If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us.And So, my fellow Americans; ask not what your country can do for you;ask you can dofor your country.3.Parallelism（排比）1)..that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by hard and biter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed.2)Together let us explore the stars, conquer the-deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths and encourage the arts and commerce.3) .. a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease and war itself.4.Repetition（重复）1).. symbolizing an end As well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change.2)For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.3)Let us never negotiate gut of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate:4).. and bring the absolute)power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations.5.Alliteration（头韵）1)Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike...2)... whether it wishes us well or ill. that we shall pay any price bear any burden...,3)... both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom...4)...ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you.6.Rhyme（尾韵）...whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden ..7.Synecdoche（提喻）...both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom...8.Climax（渐升）All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. But let us begin.如有侵权请联系告知删除，感谢你们的配合！。

高级英语第二册修辞汇总

—Transferred epithet（移就）
• 5、 Still,a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.(P16) • —Synecdoche（提喻）
6、 As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long,dusty column,infantry,screw-gun batteries,adnthen more infantry,four or five thousand men in all,winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.(P18) — Onomatopoeia(拟声)
severe 挤成一团 16. The children huddled in the slashing rain within the circle of adults. Grandmother Koshak implored, "Children, let's sing!" 乞求 17. A second wall moved, wavered, Charlie Hill tried to support it, but it toppled on him, fell down injuring his back. 瘫坐 18. The larger children sprawled on the floor, with the smaller ones in a layer on top of them, and the adults bent over all nine.

高英第十课修辞

高英第十课修辞RHETORICMetaphor:It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. 隐喻（metaphor）No one,... that may case would snowball into... 谁也不曾料到，我本人更没有料到我的这件案子竟会越闹越大，以至成为美国历史上最著名的庭审案例之一- ...our town ...had taken on a circus atmosphere. 我们这个拥有一千五百人口的小镇上呈现出一派看马戏似的热闹气氛The street ...sprouted with ... 街道上突然冒出了许多摇摇晃晃的摊贩货架He thundered in his sonorous organ tones. 他用洪亮的嗓音大喊大叫道...champion had not scorched the infidels... 听众们似乎觉得他们的这位英雄没能充分发挥出应有的辩才将那些异端分子打个落花流水。

…after the preliminary sparring over legalities…履行完规定的法律诉讼程序之后Simile:...swept the political arenaa like a pr irie fire如燎原的烈火般席卷政界时...a palm fan like a sword...Metonymy:It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces). 转喻（metonymy）是指两种不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，直接联系，因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。

高级英语第五课修辞手法分析

高级英语第五课修辞手法分析预览说明:预览图片所展示的格式为文档的源格式展示,下载源文件没有水印,内容可编辑和复制1. Irony(反讽) is the use of words that the opposite of what you really mean, often as a joke and with a tone of voice that shows this.(1)I award this champion only after laborious research and incessant prayer. (L.1, Para.5)(2)It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devotedall the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them. (L.14, Para.5)(3)It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror.(L.11,Para.6)2. Sarcasm(讽刺) is a way of using words that are the opposite of what you mean in order to be unpleasant to somebody or to make fun of them.(1) Obviously, if there were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region, they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides… (L.6, Para.3)(2) They are incomparable in color, and they are incomparable in design. (L.13, Para.5)3. Ridicule(嘲讽) refers to unkind comments that make fun of somebody/something or make them look silly.(1) When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring. (L.2, Para.4)(2) They made it perfect in their own sight by putting a completely impossible penthouse, painteda staring yellow, on top of it. (L.15, Para.8)4. Understatement(低调陈述) is the opposite of hyperbole. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately understating it, impressing the listeners or the readers more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement.(1) The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills. （L.1, Para.3）5. Antonomasia(换称) is a figure of speech that involves the use of epithet or title in place of a name, and also the use of a proper name in place of a common noun.(1) Safe in a Pullman, I have whirled through the gloomy, God-forsaken villages of Iowa and Kansas, and the malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia. (L.7, Para5)6. Antithetical Contrast(反衬对比) is a figure of speech combined by antithesis and contrast, and often has two sharply contrasting ideas balanced across a sentence (or neighboring sentences) (1) Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth—and here was a sense so dreadfully hideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke. (L.5, Para.1)(2) Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination—and here were habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats. (L.10, Para1)7. Hyperbole(夸张) is a way of speaking or writing that makes something should be better, more exciting, dangerous, etc. than it really is.(1) What I allude to is the unbroken and agonizing ugliness, the sheer revolting monstrousness, of every house in sight. (L.2,Para.2)(2) From East Liberty to Greensburg, a distance of twenty-five miles, there was not one in sight from the train that did not insult and lacerate the eye. (L.3, Para.2)(3) But in Westmoreland they prefer that uremic yellow, and so they have the most loathsome towns and villages ever seen by mortal eye. (L.8, Para.4)(4) I have seen, I believe, all of the most unlovely towns of the world; they are all to be found in the United States. (L.2, Para.5)(5) It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them. (L.14, Para.5)8. Metaphor(暗喻) is a figure of speech that describes something by referring to it as something else, in order to show that the two things have the same qualities and to make the description more powerful.(1) Here was the very heart of industrial America… (L.5, Para.1)(2)…on their low sides they bury themselves swinishly in the mud. ((L.17, Para. 3)(3) And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping through the streaks. (L.20, Para.3)(4) The effect is that of a fat woman with a black eye. It is that of a Presbyterian grinning. (L.17, Para.8)(5) Out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty as it hates truth. (L.3, Para.9)9. Simile(明喻) is a figure of speech that often uses the words like or as, etc. to make a comparison between to unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common.(1) …one blinked before them as one blinks before a man with face shot away. (L.7, Para.2)(2) …a crazy little church just west of Jeannette, set like a dormer window on the side of a bare leprous hill… (L.9, Para.2)(3) …a steel stadium like a huge rat-trap somewhere further down the line. (L.12, Para.2)10. Rhetorical Question(修辞疑问句) is a figure of speech in the form of a question posed for its persuasive effect without the expectation of a reply. Rhetorical question encourages the listener to think about what the answer (often obvious) to the question might be.(1) But what have they done? (L.11, Para.3)(2) Was it necessary to adopt that shocking color? (L.4, Para.4)(3) Are they so frightful because the valley is full of foreigners—dull, intense brutes, with no love of beauty in them? (L.1, Para.6)(4) Then why did not these foreigners set up similar abominations in the countries that they came from? (L.2, Para.6)。

高英第二册部分修辞整理及课后paraphrase答案

高英第二册部分修辞整理及课后paraphrase答案高英2--修辞汇总Lesson21. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. -----simile2. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard and nobody notices that they are gone. -----alliteration押头韵3. ... and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies. ----simile4. And really it was almost like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper. ----- simile5. The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys, no women—threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailinga short chant over and over again.--—elliptical sentence6. A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—- hyperbole7. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards, all clamoring for a cigarette.-----transferred epithet8. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—-synecdoche(提喻)9. As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marchingsouthward—a long, dusty column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, and then more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—---onomatopoetic words symbolism10. Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive. —--elliptical sentence11. This wretched boy, who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns, actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin. —-synecdoche提喻Lesson31. … and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. ---mixed-metaphor or metaphor3. … th at suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at once there was a focus. ----metaphor4. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. ----metaphor5. We had traveled in five minutes to Australia. -----metaphorThe fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not aconcern.--—metaphor6. The conversation was on wings. ----metaphor8. The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will probably try to talk sense and so ruin all conversation. -----sarcasm反讽9. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughts a nd feelings. -----simile10. … we ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. ----11. Otherwise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flow freely here and there. ----12. We would never hay gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to the Norman Conquest. ----13. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into, each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—-simile14. Is the phrase in Shakespeare? ----metonymy15. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile16. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.—alliteration17. When E.M.F orster writes of ―the sinister corridor of our age,‖ we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.—--metaphorLesson41. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meeta power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis2.…in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.—metaphor3. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression (回环:A-B-C)4. All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—allusion 引典; climax递进5. And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.—antithesis,regression回环6 We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. ----parallelism7. Let the word go forth from this time and pl ace, to friend and foe alike….—alliteration8. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or i11, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. ----–parallelism; alliteration9. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.----antithesis对句10. To those peoples in the huts and villages of half the globe… ------11. …struggling to break the bonds of mass misery…----12. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. -----antithesis13. … to assist free men and free governmen ts in casting off the chains of poverty.---repetition14. And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle ofsuspicion…-----metaphor15. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us. -----antithesis16.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. -----metaphor17. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to thisendeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world.-----extended metaphor18. …to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak… ----metaphorWith a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds… -----parallelismLesson71. Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth—and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.—metaphor; hyperbole; parallelism; antithesis2. Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination—and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.—hyperbole; antithesis2. What I allude to is the unbroken and agonizing ugliness, the sheer revolting monstrousness, of every house in sight. ----transferred epithet3. …, there was not one in sight from the train that did not insult and lacerate the eye.----hyperbole; double negatives (双否)4. There was not a single decent house within eye range from the Pittsburgh suburbs to the Greensburg yards，and there was not one that was not misshapen, and there was not one that was not shabby. ----hyperbole; repetition; double negatives5. The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of theendless mills.—litotes or understatement6. Obviously, if their were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region, they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides—a chalet with a high-pitched roof, to throw off the heavy winter snows, but still essentially a low and clinging building, wider than it was tall.-— ridicule （讽刺）7. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof. ----inversion (倒装)8. On their deep sides they are three, four and even five stories high; on their low sides they bury themselves swinishly in the mud. ----metaphor9.But what brick! -----ellipsis (省略)10. …, and so they have the most loathsome (丑陋的) towns and villages ever seen by mortal eye (人世间). ---- hyperbole11. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer. ----irony;sarcasm12. And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping through the streaks.—metaphor13. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring.—ridicule, irony, metaphor14. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.—irony15. Safe in a Pullman, I have whirled through the gloomy, God-forsaken villages of Iowa and Lansas, and the malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia.—antonomasia (换称：专有名词指代一般名词) or allusion16. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuityof Hell to the making of them.—hyperbole, irony17. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.—irony18. It is that of a Presbyterian grinning.—metaphor19. …one blinked before them as one blinks before a man with his face shot away.20.A few linger in memory, horrible even there: a crazy little church just west of Jeannette ----personification21 …set like a dormer-window on the si de of a bare, leprous hill…----- metaphor22. a steel stadium like a huge rattrap somewhere further down the line. ----simile23. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon (帕特农神庙) would no doubt offend them. ---- antonomasia (换称：专有名词指代一般名词) or allusion24. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring. ----metaphor25. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them. ----hyperbole; irony26. Such ghastly designs, it must be obvious, give a genuine delight to a certain type of mind. ----synecdoche (提喻)27. Thus I suspect (though confessedly without knowing) that the vast majority of the honest folk of Westmoreland county, and especially the 100% Americans among them, actually admire the houses they live in, and are proud of them. -----irony; sarcasm28. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror. ---ironyLesson101 The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgicrecollections to themiddle-aged and curious questionings by the young:memories of thedeliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy,of the bravedenunciationg of Puritan morality,and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road;questions about thenaughty,jazzy parties,the flask-toting‖sheik‖,and the moral and stylisticvagaries of the ―flapper‖and the ―drug-store cowboy‖.—transferred epithet 2 Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized bysome—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longerisolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached aninternational stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3 War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult forour young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4 The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victoriansocial structure,and by precipitationg our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violentenergies which,aftertheshooting was over,were turned in both Europe and America to thedestruction of an obsolescent nineteenthcentury society.—metaphor5 The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence ofGermany toward the United States,and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by thestrenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6 Their energies had been whipped up and their naivete destroyed by thewar and now,in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country,they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceivingVictorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had‖made the world safe for de mocracy‖.—metaphor7 After the war,it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds andpens inflam ed against war,Babbittry,and‖Puritanical‖gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout htmorality of their grandfathers,and to give all to art,love,and sensation.—metonymy synecdoche8 Y ounger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playingwith marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood andChateau-Thierry,and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9 These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to showthe way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf toeverything save the glint and ring of the dollar,there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where‖they do thi ngsbetter.‖—personification,metonymy ,synecdoche练习答案Lesson Two MarrakechParaphrase1. The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford.7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips 42V．Ⅵ．Ⅶ. would not be interesting)．10．life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil．11．She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that。

高级英语修辞手法

高级英语修辞手法高级英语》中的修辞手法 (2019-06-16 16:46:24)转载▼标签：教育分类：班内资源Figures of SpeechFigures of speech are forms of expression that depart from nor-mal word or sentence order or from the common literal meanings of words, for the purpose of achieving a special effect.In everyday speech and writing and in literature the chief func-tions of figures of speech are probably to embellish, to emphasize or to clarify. They are used to give tone or atmosphere to discourse, to provide vivid examples, to stimulate thought by startling the reader or listener, to give life to inanimate objects, to amuse, or to orna-ment. Figures of speech exist in almost endless variety and many are closely related or intricately overlap, hence no completely satisfacto-ry system of classification has ever been devised. The following may be considered one of the serviceableclassifications of the present1. Figures of resemblance or relationship. These are the most important, interesting, and frequent figures of speech.2. Figures of emphasis or understatement. The chief function of these is to draw attention to an idea.3. Figures of sound.4. Verbal games and gymnastics. Some of these are rare and minor figures. 1.Figures of resemblance or relationship1) Simile: a figure that involves an expressed comparison, almost always introduced by the word "like" or "as". The two things compared must be dissimilar and the basis of resemblance is usually an abstract quality. a) As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far county. (Proverb)b) The water lay gray and wrinkled like an elephant' s skin. (Nancy Hale)c) My very thoughts were like the ghostly rustle of dead leaves. (Joseph Conrad)2) Metaphor: The substitution of one thing for another, or theidentification of two things from different ranges of thought. It is often loosely defined as "an implied compari-son," "a simile without 'like' or 'as'". Metaphor is con-sidered by many the most important and basic poetic figure and also the commonest and the most beautiful. a) Boys and girls, tumbling in the streets and playing, were moving jewels.b) The town was stormed after a long siege.c) Snow clothes the ground.d) He swam bravely against the tide of popular applause. A note of warning:Avoid mixing figures of speech.a) This is not the time to throw up the sponge, when the enemy, already weakened and divided, are on the run to a new defensive position, (mixed metaphor; a mixture of prize—ring and battlefield)b) There is every indication that Nigeria will be a tower of strength and will forge ahead, (mixed metaphor; a mixture of a fortress and a ship)3) Personification: a figure that endows objects, animals, ideas, or abstractions with human form, character, or sen-sibility. There are threechief kinds of personifications:a) That produced by the use of adjectives.the blushing rose! the thirsty groundb) That produced by the use of verbs.the kettle sings; the waves dancedc) That produced by the use of nouns.the smiles of spring! the whisper of leaves4) Metonymy: the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another with which it is closely associated. a) The pen is mightier than the sword. (Here you have the instrument (pen or sword) as a name for the people wielding it.)b) Gray hairs should be respected, (the symbol (gray hair) as a name forthe persons (old people) symbolized) c) He is too fond of the bottle. ( = Heis too fond of drink-ing! the container (wine bottle) as a name for the thing (wine) contained)d)I have never read Li Bai. (the poet (Li Bai) as a name for the thing made (poems written by Li Bai))5) Synecdoche: commonly, the naming of a part to mean the whole, as in "hands" for "men who do manual labour", "a fleet of 50 sails" for "a fleet of 50 ships". But various other such substitutions are also included in the term.a) Have you any coppers? ( = Have you any money?) (coppers stand for coins of low value made of copper or bronze (here it is the naming of the material (copper) for the thing made (coin))b) He is a poor creature, (the naming of the genus for the species)c) He is the Newton of this century, (the naming of an individual for a class)Note: Synecdoche can easily be mistaken for metonymy.6) Antonomasia: the term for some common figurative uses of namesa) the use of an epithet or title in place of a namehis majesty for a king or the name of the kinghis honor for a judge or the name of the judgethe Boss for the name of the employerb) the use of a proper name instead of a common noun a Judas (Judas was one of the twelve disciples of Jesus Christ who betrayed Jesus) for a traitor a Quisling (Norwegian fascist politician who led a puppet regime during the German occupation of Norway, later ex-ecuted for treason) for a traitor.c) He is our Gorky. Gorky, (famous Russian writer) for a famous writer.Note: cf. synecdoche. There is a certain degree of overlap-ping here.7) Euphemism: the substitution of an inoffensive expression for one that may be disagreeable, as in the use of " pass away or pass on" for "die", "misinform" for "lie" in "the gentleman is misinformed", " remains" for a "corpse' , "visiting the necessary" for "going to the toilet", etc.2. Figures of emphasis or understatement1) Hyperbole: a conscious exaggeration for the sake of empha-sis, not intended to be understood literally. a) The wave ran mountain high.b) America laughed with Mark Twain.c) His speech brought the house down.d) All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand.2) litotes: a form of understatement which gains its particular effect by phrasing in the negative what it wishes to say positively.a) This in no small accomplishment. (It means this is an accomplishment of considerable magnitude.)b) The German fleet was not an unworthy opponent. (It means the German fleet was a formidable opponent.) c) This is not at all unpleasant. (It means it is quite pleasant.)3) Antithesis: the setting of contrasting phrases opposite each other for emphasis. In true antithesis thea) The quest for righteousness is Oriental, the quest for knowledge, Occidental. (Sir William Osier)b) Good breeding consists in concealing how much we think of ourselves and how little we think of the other person. (Mark Twain)c) A friend exaggerates a man's virtues, an enemy his crimes.d) The convention bought time! it could not bring settle-ment.e) Its failures became a part of history but its successes held the clue to a better international order.4) Paradox: a statement that appears to be logically con-tradictory and yet may be true, the purpose of which is to provoke fresh thought.a) One man' s terrorist is another man' s freedom fighter.b) A lover of peace emerged as a magnificent leader of war.c) My life closed twice before its close. (Emily Dickinson) (meaning two truly eventful things occurred in her life before that life ceased)5) Oxymoron: a kind of paradox or antithesis that links to-gether two sharply contrasting terms, as "cheerful pes-simist", "the wisest fool in Christendom", "living deaths", "freezing fires", "glorious defeat", etc.6) Epigram: a short, pithy statement in verse or prose, usually with a touch of wit, often antitheticala) Conscience is the inner voice that warns us that some- one may be looking. (H. L. Mencken) b) Necessity is the mother of invention.c) The child is father of the man. (Wordsworth)(the intended meaning is that the actions of a boy in-dicate what kind of a man he is likely to become)d)Experience is the name everyone gives to his mistakes.Note: There may be some overlapping of an epigram and a paradox.7) Apostroph: the turning away from the subject and the addressing of an absent person or a personified object or abstraction. The shift is both emotional and dignified, therefore most appropriate in serious and stately contexts. a) "You Heavens, give me that patience, patience I need!"( Shakespeare, King Lear)b) "Envy, be silent and attend! " (Pope)c) "Milton, thou shouldst be living at this hour' Eng-land hath need of thee."(Wordsworth)(Milton, famous English revolutionary and poet, who wrote "Paradise Lost . John Milton lived and wrote in the 17th century and the English romantic poet, William Wordsworth in the 18th and 19th cen-turies. )8) Rhetorical Question: a question neither requiring nor in-tended to produce a reply but asked for emphasis. The assumption is that only one answer is possible.a) Was I not at the scene of the crime? (Lesson 2)b) O WindIf Winter comes, can Spring be far behind? (Shelley: Ode to the West Wind.)9) Irony: the expression of actual intent in words that car-ry the opposite meaning. It is an effective literary device because it gives the impression of great restraint.a) ... until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century (Lesson 10)b) He was my friend, faithful and just to me:But Brutus says he was ambitious!And Brutus is an honourable man .(Shakespeare: Julius Caesar)(Antony here is saying just the opposite. He means that Brutus is not honourable, he is a murderer. )10) Sarcasm: a cutting remark, a verbal sneer. Sarcasm pretends to disguise its meaning, but does not intend to be misunderstood.a) "Oh, you're really a great friend, aren't you?" (addressed to one who won' t lend the speaker 5 Yuan)c) Where's y' go for it, man—Jamaica? (Lesson 16) (Hopkins's cutting remark to McNair, the custodian, for not being quick enough with the rum. Jamaica is an island in the Caribbean, world famous for its rum.)11) Satire: It generally refers to a piece of literary work— prose, poetry or drama—and generally not to a single sentence. It uses ridicule to expose and to judge be- haviour or ideas that the satirist finds foolish, or wicked, or both; Swift's "A Modest Proposal" is a piece of satire.12) Ridicule: instance of being made fun ofa) They'll be wanderin' in any time now, sir,—with Old Grape'n" Guts leadin' the pack. (Lesson 16)b) Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted in his prosecution by hisson ... Tom Stewart. (Lesson 10) c) Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence. (Lesson 10)13) Innuendo: hinting or implying a thing without plainly saying ita) I do not consult physicians! for I hope to die without them, (meaning they are more trouble than help) b) During the last five years my cook has several times been sober, (meaning that he is always drunk)14) Parody: using the words, thought, or style of an au-thor, but by aslight change adapting them to a new purpose or ridiculously inappropriate subject', the imita-tion or exaggeration of traits of style so as to make them appear ludicrousa) Britannia rues the waves (Lesson 13)(parodying a well-known line, "Britannia Rules the Waves", of the famous British navy song "Rule, Britannia" (see note 1 of Lesson 13)b) ... or will the game be played according to the usu-al industrial rules: from each according to his ability, to each according to his investment (parodying a Marxist saying: from each according to his ability, to each according to his need).15) Climax: arrangement of phrases or sentences in as-cending order of importancea) Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. (Francis Bacon• Of Studies)b) Empire offered a few men a source of profit, many men a sense ofmission and, to the anonymous everyman of Europe's slums, a sense of pride.16) Anti-climax: the sudden appearance of an absurd or trivial idea following one or more significant or elevated ideas. Anticlimax is usually comic in effect.a) The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes.b) Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its—oysters. (Lesson 2)c) The Kaiser was forced to flee to Holland where he lived out his remaining 23 years, " unwept, unhonored, and unhung."3. Figures of sound.1) Alliteration : the use in a phrase or sentence of words beginning with the same letter or sound. Alliteration should be used only when the writer makes a strong e-motional response to his subject.a) We felt strong, smug, secure.(Bailey: The American Pageant )b) Colonel Mueller neither forgives nor forgets.( Sheldon: The other Side of Midnight)c) They pay in taxes needed in part to finance Medi-care and Medicaid. (Time, May 28, 1979) d) Millions depend for their bread and butter on FBI's smile or its scowl. (Cook: The FBI Nobody Knows) e) The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free.(Coleridge: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner )a) a deep green streamb) I arise from dreams of theeIn the first sweet sleep of night (Shelley: The Indian Serenade)c) the rain in Spain falls on the plain ( My Fair Lady )3) Onomatopoeia: the use of words that, when pro-nounced, suggest their meaning, such as " hiss or "buzz". In poetry it involves suiting sound to sense and thereby creating verses that carry their meaning in their sound. a) The moan of doves in immemorial elms, And murmuring of innumerable bees,( Tennyson: The Princess )b) The ice was all around: It cracked and growled, and roared and howled. (Coleridge: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner)4. Verbal games and gymnastics .1) Transferred epithet: the transference of an adjec-tive to a noun to which it is not wholly appropriate, a) Even so, the risk of discovery was beginning to cause Pettit sleepless nights,b) throwin'g a reassuring arm round my shoulder (Lesson 10)c) Gray peace pervaded the wilderness-ringed Argentia Bay in Newfoundland. (Lesson 14)2) Pun: a play on words based on similarity of sound and sharp differencein meaning.a) One shop announced: Darwin Is Right—Inside. (Les-son 10)b) Seven days without water make one weak ( = week) .c) If we don' t hang together, we shall assuredly hang separately. (Lesson16)d) Ask for me tomorrow and you shall find me a graveman. ( Shakespeare : Romeo and Juliet)还有我搜集的一些，有些有重复的，一并发给大家，需要的自己整理一下好了！RHETORICMetonymyMetonymy is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another. This substituted name may be anattribute of that other thing or be closely associated with it. In other words, it involves a change of name.She was a girl who excited the emotions, but I was not one to let my heart rule my head.He took to the bottle....little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers ...struggle between kimono and the miniskirtI thought that Hiroshima still felt the impactMetonymy can be derived from various sources:a. Names of personsUncle Sam: the USALu Xun: all the books written by himI am recently reading Lu Xun.b. Animalsthe bear: the Soviet unionthe dragon: the Chinesec. Parts of the bodyheart: feelings and emotionsgrey hair: old aged. Profession:the press: newspapers, reporters etc.He met the press yesterday evening at the Grand Hotel.the bar: the legal professione. Location of government, business etc.Downing Street: the British Governmentthe White House: the US president and his governmentthe Capital Hill: US CongressWall Street: US financial circlesHollywood: American film-making industryJust as the Industrial Revolution took over an immense range of tasks from MEN's MUSCLES and enormously expandedproductivity, so the microcomputer is rapidly assuming huge burdens of drudgery from HUMAN BRAIN and thereby expanding the minds capacities...SynecdocheSynecdoche (ti yu) has often been confused with Metonymy, and sometimes even treated synonymously. This is not surprising, as both figures of speech involve substitution. The distinction lies in the fact that while metonymy involves the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another, synecdoche involves the substitution of the Part for the WHOLE orvice versa.a. Part for the Whole:...eat your humble BREAD and CHEESE...All HANDS on deck.All of a sudden, I saw a SAIL in the distance....eye-ball to eye-ball consultations with...on the TUBE...The computer revolution is ...liberating LIMBS...cf: metonymytake over from HUMAN MUSCLES and assume burdens of drudgery from the HUMAN BRAINb. Whole for the Part:China beat Japan at the game.He cut me open and took out the appendix and stitched me up again.c. The species for the genus or vice versaAlas, that Spring should vanish with the ROSE! (flowers in general)What a tricky CREATURE he is! (man)d. Name of material for the thing madeShe was dressed in silks and satins....eye-ball to eye-ball consultations with...on the TUBE...The computer revolution is ...liberating LIMBS...Antonomasia (huan cheng)1. the substitution of another designation for a common obvious, or normal one,a. the use of an official title or an epithet in place of a proper namea有两种，同样是用另外一个指称来代替一个普通明白的，或标准的说法，但第一是实指，因此给了Judge Doe，即用“大人”代替“张（或王、李等）法官”，有如用“先生”、“阁下”指代“张省长”，“邱首相”等，his honour for Judge Doehis / her majesty: king or queenyour honour / highness / mightiness而第二种是虚指，因此没有给姓氏，也没有大写，如用“首席行政长官”来代替“总统”，用“首长”，“中央领导”来代替“市长”，“省长”或“部长”“副总理”等。

metaphor的定义与举例

metaphor的定义与举例Metaphor（隐喻）是一种修辞手法，通过将一个事物与另一个事物进行比较来传达特定的意义。

隐喻常用于文学作品中，可增加表达的鲜明度和形象感。

下面列举十个关于隐喻的定义和举例：1. 隐喻是一种比喻手法，通过将两个不同的事物进行比较来传递特定的含义。

例如，人生是一场旅程，我们都在不同的道路上前行。

2. 隐喻是一种象征性的表达方式，通过将一个事物表示为另一个事物来传递信息。

例如，他是一只狼，意味着他凶猛且有攻击性。

3. 隐喻是一种修辞手法，通过将抽象的概念转化为具体的形象来增强表达的力度。

例如，时间是一把无形的刀，悄悄地将青春割去。

4. 隐喻是一种意象化的表达方式，通过将一个事物的特点用于描述另一个事物，以便更好地理解。

例如，他的笑容如阳光般温暖，给人带来希望和快乐。

5. 隐喻是一种比较的手法，通过将一个事物与另一个事物进行对比，以便更好地传递意义。

例如，她的眼睛是湖水般清澈明亮，让人陶醉其中。

6. 隐喻是一种修辞手法，通过将一个事物的属性或特点用于描述另一个事物，以便更好地说明。

例如，他的声音如同丝绸般柔软，让人心旷神怡。

7. 隐喻是一种运用想象力的表达方式，通过将一个事物的形象用于描述另一个事物，以便更好地传达感受。

例如，他的心如同一片荒凉的沙漠，干涸而寂寞。

8. 隐喻是一种创造性的修辞手法，通过将一个事物的特点用于描述另一个事物，以便更好地传递信息。

例如，她的微笑如同春天的花朵，绽放着温暖和希望。

9. 隐喻是一种将抽象概念转化为具体形象的表达方式，以便更好地理解和表达。

例如，爱情是一座桥梁，连接着两颗相爱的心。

10. 隐喻是一种拓展思维的手法，通过将一个事物的属性用于描述另一个事物，以便更好地传递意义。

例如，他的眼神如同星空般璀璨，散发着无尽的光芒。

通过以上的例子，我们可以看到隐喻是一种富有想象力和创造力的修辞手法，能够使表达更加生动、形象和深入人心。

隐喻的运用不仅可以丰富文学作品的表达，也能够在日常交流中增强语言的表现力，使人们更好地理解和沟通。

高级英语第三版本册1-7课修辞整理

高级英语第三版本册1-7课修辞整理
修辞（Rhetoric）是指修词造句的艺术，旨在使文章表达更加
生动、准确。

在英语写作中，修辞手法的运用可以为文本增添色彩
并强化文章逻辑。

以下是本文对高级英语第三版本册1-7课修辞手
法的整理：
1. 比喻（Metaphor）：通过将两种不同的事物进行比较来强化
表达。

例：“你是我的太阳”（You are my sunshine）。

2. 拟人（Personification）：将非人事物拟人化，使其表现出人
类的特性。

例：“阳光明媚”（The sunshine smiled upon us）。

3. 讽刺（Irony）：用反语强调与实际相反的意思。

例：“我今
天看起来真好看，唯一的问题是我感冒了”（I look amazing today. The only problem is that I have a cold.）。

6. 借代（Metonymy）：用一个相关的单词或短语来替代原文，起到简洁的效果。

例：“冠军”（champion）代表整个团队获胜。

7. 倍受争议的说法（Euphemism）：用含蓄、委婉和微妙的词语或说法来表达直接或难以接受的事情。

例：“真是一个有趣的人”（He is quite a character）。

以上是高级英语第三版本册1-7课修辞手法整理，希望对大家的英语写作有所帮助。

高级英语下册修辞归纳

simile, metaphor, personification拟人, synecdoche提喻(部分代替整体，整体代替部分), anticlimax后高潮突降, metonymy借代, repetition重复, hyperbole夸张，irony反语，alliteration 头韵，assonance压韵，onomatopoeia拟声，pun双关，parallelism排比，antithesis对比，euphemism委婉语, antonomasia换称, parody.仿拟（套用有名的话），analogy类比，sarcasm 讽刺，rhetorical question反问9课Metaphor:Mark Twain --- Mirror of Americasaw clearly ahead a black wall of night...main artery of transportation in the young nation's heartthe vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United StatesAll would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...Steamboat decks teemed...main current of...but its flotsamWhen railroads began drying up the demand......the epidemic of gold and silver fever...Twain began digging his way to regional fame...Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles......took unholy verbal shots...Simile:Most American remember M. T. as the father of......a memory that seemed phonographicHyperbole:...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom...The cast of characters... - a cosmos.Parallelism:Most Americans remember ... the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure.Personification:life dealt him profound personal tragedies...the river had acquainted him with ......to literature's enduring gratitude......an entry that will determine his course forever...the grave world smiles as usual...Bitterness fed on the man...America laughed with him.Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.Antithesis:...between what people claim to be and what they really are......took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land......a world which will lament them a day and forget them foreveEuphemism:...men's final release from earthly struggleAlliteration:...the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home...with a dash and daring......a recklessness of cost or consequences..Metonymy:...his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxe10课SynecdocheKeelboats,...carried the first major commercePersonification:The storm...that greeted...An article in the Atlantic viewed it as a disappointment...The Yew York Times, ...felt itThe Journal ...saw...Alliteration:...very little light on Lincoln...on LifeSarcasm:a concept of how things get written that throws very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life. ..."so simple" a thing that the writer takes plain, downright, man-in-the-street attitude that a door is a door and any damn fool knows that.Synecdoche:But neither his vanity nor his purse is ...What of those sheets and jets of air that are now being used, in place of old-fashioned oak and hinges...MetonymyThe Washington Post, ..."keep Your Old Webster's"in short, ...written in the language that the 3rd International describes...The trialMetaphor:No one,... that may case would snowball into......our town ...had taken on a circus atmosphere.The street ...sprouted with ...He thundered in his sonorous organ tones....champion had not scorched the infidels...…after the preliminary sparring over legalities…Simile:...swept the arena like a prairie fire...a palm fan like a sword...Metonymy...tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers...The Christian believes that man came from above. ...below.Hyperbole:The trial that rocked the worldRidicule:Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted ...Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.Sarcasm:There is some doubt about that.Transferred epithetDarrow had whisper throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder.AntithesisThe Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.Assonance:when bigots lighted faggots to burn...Repetition:The truth always wins...the truth...the truth...Pun:Darwin is right --- inside.Irony:marching backwards to the glorious age of the 16th centuryTransferred epithetTwo high points of color appeared in the paleness of the Duchess of Cro ydon’s cheeks.two points of high colour (high colour 指红晕)The loonHyperbole…dresses that were always miles too long.…those voices belonged to a world separate d by aeons from our neat worldA. Exaggeration by using numerals:1. Thanks a million.2. The middle eastern bazaar takes you back hundreds even thousands of years.3. I see the ten thousand villages of Russia where the means of existence is wrung so hardly from the soil.B. Exaggeration by using comparative and superlative degrees of adjectives1. Sherlock Holmes is considered by many people as the greatest detective in fictional literature.2. There was never a child who loved her father more than I do.3. I never saw a prettier sight.4. You write ten times better than any man in the class.C. Exaggeration by using extravagant adjectives:1. … whe re goods of every conceivable kind are sold.2. The burnished copper containers catches the light of innumerable lamps and braziers.3. The apprentices were incredibly young.D. Exaggeration by using noun or verb phrases:1. It is a vast cavern of a room, so thick with the dust of centuries that the mud-brick walls and vaulted roof are only dimly visible.2. I am already in debt again, and moving heaven and earth to save myself from exposure and destruction.3. The sister cried her eyes out at the loss of the necklace.4. They beat him into all the colors of rainbow.5. Her dress was always miles too long.6. I was scared to death.7. I sat there for a while, frozen with horror.8. She was so beautiful--- her beauty made the bright world dim.Metaphor…the filigree of the spruce treesdaughter of the forestI tried another lineA streak of amberPersonificationThe two grey squirrels were still there, gossiping…The news that somehow had not found its way into letters.I tried another linea streak of amberTransferred epithetAll around, the spruce trees grew tall and close-set, branches blackly sharp against the sky which was lightened by a cold flickering of stars.I was ashamed, ashamed of my own timidity, the frightened tendency to look the other way.My brother, Roderick, who had not been born when we were here last summer, sat on the car rug in the sunshine and examined a brown spruce core, meticulously turning it round and round in his small and curious hands.MetonymyThose voices belonged to a world separated by aeons from our neat world of summer cottages and the lighted lamps of home. (our modern civilization)Synecdochethe damn bone’s flared up again。

修辞手法在高中英语读后续写中的运用探究

修辞手法在高中英语读后续写中的运用探究修辞手法在高中英语读后续写中的运用是一个重要的研究课题。

在英语读后续写中，学生需要理解文本的内在含义和深层结构，并运用修辞手法来丰富文本的表达，使其更加生动、有趣。

以下是一些在高中英语读后续写中常用的修辞手法：1. 比喻（Metaphor）：比喻是通过相似性将一个事物描述为另一个事物。

在读后续写中，学生可以使用比喻来描绘人物、场景或情感，使文本更加生动形象。

例如：“He was like a lion, fierce and determined.”2. 拟人（Personification）：拟人是将非人类的事物赋予人类的特征和情感。

在读后续写中，学生可以使用拟人手法来描述抽象的概念或情感，使其更加具象化。

例如：“The sea was angry that day, like a raging lion.”3. 夸张（Hyperbole）：夸张是通过夸大事物的特征来强调其重要性或情感。

在读后续写中，学生可以使用夸张手法来突出人物的情感或场景的氛围。

例如：“She was so happy, she could have jumped up and down for hours.”4. 排比（Parallelism）：排比是通过使用相似或对仗的词语来强调某种情感或特征。

在读后续写中，学生可以使用排比手法来增强文本的节奏感和表现力。

例如：“He was strong, brave, and determined, like a lion, a gorilla, and a bear.”5. 反讽（Irony）：反讽是通过说反话或表达与预期相反的情况来强调某种情感或观点。

在读后续写中，学生可以使用反讽手法来表达与文本情境相反的情感或观点，使文本更加生动有趣。

例如：“She said she was a vegetarian, but she ate more meat than anyone else in the room.”在高中英语读后续写中运用修辞手法时，学生需要注意以下几点：1. 准确理解文本的主题和情境，选择合适的修辞手法来丰富文本的表达。

metaphor修辞手法定义

metaphor修辞手法定义什么是metaphor修辞手法？M e t a p h o r（隐喻）是一种修辞手法，通过将一个事物或概念与另一个看似不相干的事物或概念进行比较，以产生新的意义和理解。

隐喻通过创造图像和联想来传达情感、观点和观察，使得读者或听众能够看到一个事物在另一个事物的光环下新的特质和含义。

M e t a（超越）和p h o r（载体）两个词的结合，形成了隐喻这个词。

它的意义就是超越语言的直接表达方式，利用比喻、类比和形象的表述，以增强文章表达的深度和影响力。

隐喻有助于表达和理解抽象的概念和情感，为语言增添了层次和艺术性。

通过将一个领域的语言和概念引入另一个领域，隐喻为我们创造了一种跨越边界的思维方式。

它不仅扩大了语言的表达能力，还激发了我们的想象力和创造力。

所以，隐喻是一种强大的修辞手法，它能够使我们从一个全新的角度去看待某个事物或问题。

通过掌握和运用隐喻，我们能够更准确、更生动地表达我们的思想和感受，并引导读者或听众以独特的方式理解我们想表达的意义。

现在，让我们逐步深入了解隐喻的特点及其在不同领域的运用。

1.隐喻的特点-比较：隐喻通过将两个不同的事物或概念进行比较，来传达新的含义和理解。

-形象：隐喻通过创造生动的图像和联想来描绘事物，以增强表达的效果。

-非字面意义：隐喻的意义不直接显露在文字的表面，而是需要读者或听众通过联想和思考去理解。

-多义性：隐喻的含义可以因为读者或听众的不同解读而有多种可能性。

-创造力：运用隐喻需要创造力和想象力，使得表达更具有个人风格和吸引力。

2.隐喻的运用领域-文学：隐喻是文学作品中常见的修辞手法，用于创造生动和有趣的形象，丰富情节和人物塑造，以及传递深刻的主题和意义。

-广告：隐喻在广告中被广泛运用，通过将产品或服务与不同领域的事物进行比较，以增强产品的吸引力和独特性。

-政治演讲：政治家和演讲者常常使用隐喻来传达观点和激励听众。

隐喻可以使复杂的政治问题更容易理解和共鸣。

浅析《高级英语》中隐喻（metaphor）的运用

浅析《高级英语》中隐喻（metaphor）的运用【摘要】修辞是语言中一个重要的组成部分，有语言就有修辞。

通过修辞人们能把事物、思想、感情等具体，生动，形象地表达出来，增强语言的表达效果。

同时，修辞也是《高级英语》课程学习的一个重要内容，由张汉熙主编的《高级英语》课本中的文章都是精选的名家名篇，这些文章中使用了大量的修辞。

使文章生动传神，绘声绘色，增强了文章的感染力。

本文主要就《高级英语》课文中出现的暗喻这一修辞的运用加以论述。

【关键词】隐喻;高级英语；比喻是英语中最常用的辞格，是以比喻彼的手段。

它有一个基础，四项要素。

基础就是心理上的联想。

比喻辞格是对感知过程中产生的某种联想进行描述的一种语言艺术手法。

联想必须产生于不同类事物的比拟；同类事物的比较不构成联想，也就不构成比喻辞格。

在联想的基础上，比喻具备四个要素：（1）本体(the signified）：即所要表述、描绘的对象，是被喻者。

（2）喻体(the signifier)：即用来表述、描绘本体的比喻者。

（3）相似点(similarity)：即联想的依据。

（4）相异点(dissimilarity)：即本体与喻体之间在整体上的极不相同之处。

隐喻（又称暗喻）是比喻的一种，是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体在形式上的相合（be）的关系。

关于隐喻的定义,不同的书中都给了不同的释义。

亚里士多德在其名著《诗学》（Poetics）中称隐喻就是“把一个事物的名称转用于另一个事物”。

(Tropes are the application of the name of a thing to something else.密执安大学出版社1976年版的Gerald F.Else英译本)。

美国当代学者Albert Howard CarterⅢ 教授在80年代后期的研究中指出，隐喻不是单纯的点缀手段，而是具有认识论价值的语言结构。

(Metaphors are not simply ornamental devices, but linguistic structures that bear epistemological weight.)隐喻是一种感知、评估和解释世界的综合性方式(A metaphor is a synthetic way of perceiving the world, evaluating and interpreting it). 隐喻是在潜意识层上的一种感情转移（an emotional transference at a subconscious level.引自Albert Howard CarterⅢ：Metaphors in the Physician-Patient Relationships.）。

高级英语部分课文修辞讲解

1.metaphor暗喻slips and slidesthe sinister corridor of our age… and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. … that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at once there was a focus.The glow of the conversation burst into flames.We had traveled in five minutes to Australia.The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concernThe conversation was on wings.When E.M.F orster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age,” we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.Mark Twain --- Mirror of Americasaw clearly ahead a black wall of night...main artery of transportation in the young nation's heartAll would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...…who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.…main artery of transportation in the young nation’s heart.my case would snowball into...our town ...had taken on a circus atmosphere.The street ...sprouted with ...… had not scorched the infidels...…after the preliminary sparring over legalities…No one,... that may case would snowball into......our town ...had taken on a circus atmosphere.The street ...sprouted with ...He thundered in his sonorous organ tones....champion had not scorched the infidels...…after the preliminary sparring over legalities…...the nerves of both ... were excessively frayed…his wife shot him a swift, warning glance.The words spat forth with sudden savagery.Her tone ...withered......self-assurance...flickered...The Duchess kept firm tight rein on her racing mind.Her voice was a whiplasheyes bored into himI’ll spell it out.original sinwe saw how hun gry the American people….racial lens…whitest populations firestormvessel2. sarcasm反讽The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will probably try to talk sense and so ruin all conversation.3. simile明喻They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into, each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. ... and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies.And really it was almost like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper.Indeed, this nation’s best-loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imaginedT om’s mischievous daring, ingenuity, and the sweet innocence of his affection for Becky Thatcher are almost as sure to be studied in American schools today as is the Declaration of Independence....swept the arena like a prairie fire...a palm fan like a sword...4. metonymy转喻Is the phrase in Shakespeare?...his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxe…but for making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickax....tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers...The Christian believes that man came from above. ...belowwon 100 at the tableslost it at the barthey'll throw the book,...jarring to the untrained ear5.alliteration头韵法They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard and nobody notices that they are gone.Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation....the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home...with a dash and daring......a recklessness of cost or consequences...It was a splendid population –for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home.It was that population…and rushing them through with a magnificent dash and daring and a recklessness of cost or consequences‖color and creedthe greatness and the goodness of our nationtrials and triumphs…unique and universal…stories and songs…struggles and successes, the bitterness and biases6. elliptical sentence省略句The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys, no women—threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailing a short chant over and over again.Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive.7.transferred epithet 移就Darrow had whisper throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder.Cheerful money, suicidal sky, sleepless nightInstantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards, all clamoring for a cigarette.8. synecdoche(提喻)Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuousThis wretched boy, who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns, actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin.Keelboats,...carried the first major commerce.the case had erupted round my head9.hyperbole夸张法...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom...The cast of characters…--- a cosmos.The trial that rocked the worldThe trial that rocked the world His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world.A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.10.onomatopoetic words symbolism拟声词的象征意义As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long, dusty column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, and then more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.11. Personification拟人life dealt him profound personal tragedies...the river had acquainted him with ......to literature's enduring gratitude...Bitterness fed on the man...America laughed with him.12.Antithesis对照...between what people claim to be and what they really are......took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land......a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever…of the difference between what people claim to be and what they really are.…a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever.The christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.we may have different stories, but we hold common hopes; we may not look the same and we may not have come from the same place, but we all want to move in the same direction.I’ve gone to some of the best schools in America and lived in one of the world’s poorest nations.that elevates what is wrong with America above all that we know is right wit h America.kindness and cruelty; the fierce intelligence and the shocking ignorance,13. Euphemism委婉语...men's final release from earthly struggleHe tried soldiering for two weeks with a motley band of Confiderate guerrillas who diligently avoided contact with the enemy.he commented with a crushing sense of despair on man’s final release from ear thly struggles...and you took a lady friend....and you took a lady friend.14. Sarcasm讥讽…I knew more about retreating than the man that invented retreating.…one could set a trap anywhere and catch a dozen abler man in a night.There is some doubt about that. And it is a mighty strong combination.15. Assonance:类音，类韵,半谐音when bigots lighted faggots to burn...16. RepetitionThe truth always wins...the truth...the truth...17. Ironymarching backwards to the glorious age of the 16th centuryHiroshima---the liveliest city in the worldAfter a while,it is the setting of man against man and creed against creed until weare marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century.18. oxymoron （矛盾修辞法）orderly chaos ;a living death; tearful joy; poor rich guys; a love-hate relationshipDudley Field Malene called my conviction a , “victorious defeat”Dark light , living dead , new classic , old news, open secret19. Ridicule嘲笑Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted ... Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.20. Pun双关DARVIN IS RIGHT-------INSIDE.21. Onomatopoeia:拟声词appreciative chuckleclucked his tongue22.Parallelism…to continue the long march of those who came before us, a march for a more just, more equal, more free, more caring and more prosperous America.I have brothers, sisters, nieces, nephews, uncles and cousins, of every race and every hue…23. The use of pronounsThe use of pronouns such as we, us, our, I, me, my, indicates how much responsibility the speaker wants to assume for an idea。

高级英语(2)修辞格汇总

simile1.It is as though he suddenly came out of a dark tunnel and found himself beneath the open sky2.They are like the musketeers of Dumas…3.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and floated to the ends of the earth.metaphor1... and it is not easy for him to step out of that lukewarm bath2.It is not until he is released from the habit of flexing his muscles and proving that he is just a “regular guy” that he realizes how crippling this habit has been3.The glow of the conversation burst into flames.4.The conversation was on wings.5.The glow of the conversation burst into flames.6.I have an unending love affair with dictionaries7.we ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant.8.We can batten down and ride it out9.Wind and rain now whipped the house.mixed metaphor1.and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows.metonymy –change of name –the association of two unlike things[mi'tɔnimi] 转喻，借代He met his Waterloo. He likes to read Hemingway. 1.In short, all of these publications are written in the language that the Third International describessynecdoche – whole for part or part for whole[si'nekdəki] 提喻He has many mouth to feed in his family. China beat South Korea 3 to 1.The vineyard are intersected by channels, red and yellow sails glide slowly through the vines.Nowadays more and more people have a liking for cotton.1.But neither his vanity nor his purse is any concern of the dictionary' s2.yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind's final war.alliteration1.… a concept of how things get written that throws very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life2.ask of us here th e same high standards of strength and sacrifice…3.One form of colonial control shall not have passed away.4.We shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom.5.We pledge the loyalty of faithful friends.6.We shall pay any price, bear any burden7.To assure the survival and the success of libertyassonance (元韵、母韵、半谐音) and antithesis… between the much-touted Second International (1934) and the much-clouted Third International (1961)antithesis – contrary in meaning but similar in form 对比1.If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich2.Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us.3.Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.4.And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.parallelism –ideas are paired and sequenced in the same grammatical form1.Both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom2.Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths and encourage the arts and commerce.3.We renew our pledge of support to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective, to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak, and to enlarge the area in which its writ may run.4.We shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, and oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.5.A new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace.repetition – repetition of sounds, words, or sentences that can create good rhythm and parallelism to make the language musical, emphatic, and memorable. 反复1.We dare not tempt them with weakness. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.2.Bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations.personification1.A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air.2.… it seized a 600, 000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it3.5 miles away.3.They flared their nostrils and pranced and boasted to one anothertransferred epithet 移就He had some cheerful wine at the party. He ate with a wolfish appetite.a helpless smile a protesting chair a blind haste1.Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point.2.and his choice of a vocation does not cause him any uneasy wonder as towhether or not it will cost him all his friends.3.A bound-less and generous contentment, a magnanimous triumph felt not against some outer enemy but in communion with the finest and fairest in the souls of all men everywhere and the splendor of the world's summer4.The faces of small children are amiably sticky; in the benign grey beard ofa man a couple of crumbs of rich pastry are entangled.5.The others never come close, but peer in at it with frightened, disgusted eyes.synesthesia [.sinəs'θi:ʒiə] 通感the music breathing from her face heavy perfume and noisy color 浓郁的香气和刺眼的色彩He gave me a sour look.1.Children dodged in and out, their high calls rising like the swallows’ crossing flights over the music and the singing.2.One could hear the music winding through the city streets, … bells.exaggeration/ hyperbole [hai'pə:bəli] 夸张1.Perhaps it is because of my up-bringing in English pubs2.In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger.。

metaphor用法

metaphor用法Metaphor是一种修辞手法，通过将两个看似不相干的概念联系起来，来表达想象力和创造力的方式。

Metaphor经常被用来描绘感情、主题、情节和对象的特点，从而加强读者对文章的理解和感受。

Metaphor用法的关键是选择合适的隐喻，并将其在文本中恰当地应用。

在文学作品中，Metaphor常常用来深化主题和传达作者的声音和态度。

例如，诗人玛丽安娜·莫尔采用了许多精巧的隐喻来 conveying the fragility of life and the fleeting nature of time:"The sun set behind the hills, and the clouds were tinged with pink and gold. It was like a painting, a perfect scene frozen in time. But even as we watched, the colors faded, the light died, and darkness descended."在这个例子中，莫尔使用“画面”来表达人生短暂的感觉。

通过将人生比作下面的夕阳，她展示了时间的流逝和生命的脆弱。

除了在文学作品中使用之外，Metaphor还可以在日常生活中使用。

例如，你可以用隐喻来描述你的想法、感受和经验。

这可以让你的表达更有生气和趣味性，并帮助你更好地掩盖那些过于直接和激进的言语。

例如，你可以说，“他的言辞像利剑一样，直接刺破了我的心。

”这个隐喻就非常有力地表达了那个人的语言是多么有伤害力。

总的来说，Metaphor是一种强大的修辞手法，它可以帮助作家深化主题并传达自己的声音和态度，同时也可以让平凡的言语变得更加美丽和引人注目。

无论你是在创作文学作品，还是在日常生活中表达自己的想法和感受，Metaphor都是一个很好的工具。

高英二中的修辞手法

修辞手法(figure of speech)是根据表达需要，运用有效的语言手段来提高语言的表达效果，使语言表达具有准确性、鲜明性和生动性的语言运用方式。

恰当地使用修辞手段，可以使文章更加生动，更具有表现力，蕴意丰富，引人入胜。

常用的修辞手法有：明喻(Simile)、暗喻(Metaphor)、拟人(Personification)、夸张(Exaggeration)、平行法(Parallelism)、头韵(Alliteration)、对比(Contrast)、矛盾修辞法(Oxymoron)、双关(Pun)、移情(Empathy)等。

对于高中生来说，最好能通过例句，结合具体的语境，体会修辞的表达效果。

同时，要求学会欣赏并能模仿造句。

01Simile 明喻明喻（simile）俗称直喻，是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似关系而构成的修辞格。

如：★The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.开满樱花的乡村，看起来有如粉红雪铺满地。

★The smile on her face shone like a diamond.她的笑容像宝石一样闪闪发光。

★The scenery along the Lijiang River in Guilin is just like a beautiful landscape painting.桂林漓江的沿途风景就像一幅美丽的山水画。

★ His heart is as hard as a stone.他铁石心肠。

★ Her soul is as pure as snow.她的心灵纯洁无比。

认真观察以上各例，我们会发现它们的特点，由(as) ... as, like等引导，这些引导词被称作比喻词（acknowledging word），它们是辨别明喻的最显著的特征，明喻较为直白，比喻物和被比喻物之间相似点较为明显，所以明喻是一种比较好判断的修辞手法。

高级英语第一册修辞

高级英语第一册修辞（1-9课）高级英语2009-12-31 16:10:04 阅读162 评论0 字号：大中小Figures of speech: simile, metaphor, personification, synecdoche, anticlimax, metonymy, repetition, exaggeration, euphemism, antonomasia, parody.1) Little monkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar.(metaphor)-----Page1,Lesson1.2) It grows louder and more distinct ,until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes ,as the burnished copper catches the light of innumerable lamps and braziers.(metaphor and personification)---------- P2,L1.3) The dye-market ,the pottery-market ,and the carpenters’ market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar.(metaphor)-----P3,L14) Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard, perhaps before a mosque or a caravanserai, where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay, while… (personification)------P3, L1.5) It is a vast ,somber cavern of a room ,some thirty feet high and sixty feet square , and so thick with the dust of centuries that the mudbrick roof are only dimly visible.(metaphor)---P4,L16) There were fresh bows ,and the faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima was repeated .(synecdoche)------P15,L27) “Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its-oysters”. (anticlimax)----P15, L2.8) But later my hair began to fall out , and my belly turned to water .I felt sick ,and ever since then they have been testing and treating me .(alliteration)-----P17, L2.9) Acre by acre ,the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef .(alliteration)-----P30,L310) According to our guide ,the biologist Tom Lovejoy, there are more different species of birds in each square mile of the Amazon than exist in all of North America-which means we are silently thousands of songs we have ever heard .(metonymy)----P31,L3.11) What should we feel toward these ghosts in the sky?(metaphor)---P32,L3.12) Have you ever seen a lame animal ,perhaps dog run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car ,sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him?(metaphor)13) And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe. (exaggeration)----P58, L4.14) I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out .(exaggeration)15) After I tripped over it two or three times he told me to just call him Hakim-a-barber.(metaphor)-------P60,L4.16) “Maggie’s brain is like an elephant’s”.Wangero said ,laughing .(ironic)—P62, L4.17) You didn’t even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood .(metaphor)----P62,L4.18) “Mama,”Wangero said sweet as a bird .“can I have these old quilts?”(simile)---P63, L4.19) She gasped like a bee had stung her .(simile)20) Churchill ,he reverted to this theme, and I asked whether for him, the arch anti-communist ,this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon.(metaphor)21) If Hitler invaded Hell and would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.(exaggeration)----P79,L5.22) But all this fades away before the spectacle which is now unfolding.(metaphor)I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(simile)24）I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land ,guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial.(Metaphor)----P79, L5.25）I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky ,street smarting from many a British whipping to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.(Metaphor)---P80, L5.26) We will never parley; we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang. We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air. (Parallelism)27) Just as the ind ustrial Revolution took over an immense range of tasks from men’s muscles and enormously expanded productivity. (Metonymy)28) The back door opens to let out the dog .The TV set blinks on with the day’s first newscast: a selective rundown… (Personificatio n)----P115, L7.29) The latter-day Aladdin, still snugly abed, then presses a button on a bedside box and issues a string of business and personal memos. (Antonomasia)30) Following eyeball-to-eyeball consultations with the butcher and the baker and grocer on the tube, she hits a button to commandeer supplies for tonight’s dinner party. (Synecdoche)31) The microelectronic revolution promises to ease, enhance and simplify life in ways undreamed of even by the utopians. (Synecdoche)----P116, L7.32) In the microelectronic village, the home will again be the center of society, as it was before the industrial Revolution. (Metaphor)33) the Device’s ubiquitous eye, sensing where people are at all times, will similarly the lights on an off as needed. (Metaphor)34) Next to health, heart, and home, happiness for mobile Americans depends upon the automobile. (Alliteration, metonymy repetition,)-----P118, L7.35) Computer technology may make the car, as we know it, a Smithsonian antique. (Antonomasia)36) For the mighty army of consumers, the ultimate applications of the computer revolution are still around the bend of a silicon circuit. (Parody)----P120, L737) His competitors envisioned the greater potential for entertainment and art, where he saw internal memos, someone else saw Beethoven. (Synecdoche)38) Will government regulate messages sent out on this vast data highway? (Metaphor)39) Philips Interactive, for example, has dozens of titles, among them a tour of the Smithsonian, in which the viewer selects which corridor to enter by clicking on the screen. (Antonomasia)40) She says consumers would be a little like information “cowboys,”rounding up data from computer based archives and information services.(Simile)41) To prevent getting trampled by a stampede of data, viewers will rely on programmed electronic selectors that could go out into the info corral and rape in the subjects the viewer wants. (Metaphor)42) Maes and others concede that there’s a dark side to all these bright dreams. (Metapho r)43) And where there are agents, can counteragents be far behind: spies who might like to keep tabs on the activities of your electronic butlers? (Parody)----P137, L8.44) Indeed, intelligent agents could be a gold mine of information. (Metaphor)-----P137, L8.23) A pleasant surprise, of course: What would they do if parent and child came on the show only to curse out and insult each other?24) Who ever knew Johnson with a quick tongue?25) Who can ever imagine me looking a strange white man in the eye?26) Why don’t you do a dance around the ashes27) “Why don’t you take one or two of the others?” I asked. (24-28) rhetorical question)29. Metaphor:Mark Twain --- Mirror of Americasaw clearly ahead a black wall of night...main artery of transportation in the young nation's heartthe vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United StatesAll would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...Steamboat decks teemed...main current of...but its flotsamWhen railroads began drying up the demand......the epidemic of gold and silver fever...Twain began digging his way to regional fame...Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles......took unholy verbal shots...Simile:Most American remember M. T. as the father of......a memory that seemed phonographicHyperbole:...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom...The cast of characters... - a cosmos.Parallelism:Most Americans remember ... the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure.Personification:life dealt him profound personal tragedies...the river had acquainted him with ......to literature's enduring gratitude......an entry that will determine his course forever...the grave world smiles as usual...Bitterness fed on the man...America laughed with him.Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.Antithesis:...between what people claim to be and what they really are.....took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land......a world which will lament them a day and forget them foreverEuphemism:...men's final release from earthly struggleAlliteration:...the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home...with a dash and daring......a recklessness of cost or consequences...Metonymy:...his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxeSynecdoche1. Keelboats,...carried the first major commerce高级英语第二册修辞高级英语2009-12-31 16:06:51 阅读78 评论0 字号：大中小高英下册部分课中的修辞手法的运用未注明的句子修辞均为metaphor…no one has any idea where it will go a s it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows.The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side…They are like the musketeers of Dumas…(simile)…did not delve into each other..…suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place,…The glow of the conversation burst into flames.The conversation was on wings.,we should think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasants.I have an unending love affair with dictionaries.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and floated to the ends of the earth. (simile)Otherwise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flow freely here and there.We would never have gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to the Norman Conquest.Symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change(parallelism and repetition)..to assist free men and free government…（repetition）.friend and foe (alliteration)Pay any price, bear any burden.. (alliteration)Survival and success of liberty. (alliteration)United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided there is little we can do for we dare not a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.(antithesis)If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich(antithesis)Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us. (antithesis)Let us never negotiate out of fear but let us never fear to negotiate.(chiasmus)Ask not what your country can do for you but ask what you can do for your country. (chiasmus)..in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intend to remain the master of its own house...to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak.And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicionThe energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world.There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lamb’s frontier.Could Ruskin do more?(rhetorical question)Cool was I and logical (Inversion/irony)My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scales, as penetr ating as a scalpel (simile, hyperbole, and parallelism, irony)My brain ,…slipped into high gearIt is, after all, to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girlbeautiful.(antithesis),.. desire waxing, resolution waning.(antithesis)If there is an irresistible force, there can be no immovable object.It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect (hyperbole)He just stood and stared at with a mad lust at the coat. (hyperbole)You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space. (hyperbole)..the raccoon coat huddled like a hairy beast at his feet. (simile)..logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma.There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.(synecdoche)He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start.I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein.(Antonomasia)…prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality.The war acted as merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure.After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry (metonymy, antonomasia).. to add their own little matchsticks to the conflagration of “flaming youth”,…now began to imitate the manners imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.When it did, I like many a writer before me upon the discovery that his props have all been knocked out from under him…a writer, when he has made his first breakthrough, has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous, unending and unpredictable battle.It is not until he is released from the habit of flexing his muscles and proving that he is just a “regular guy” that he realizes how crippling this habit has beenAn American writer fights his way to one of the lowest rungs on the American social ladder by means of pure ….. and it is not easy for him to step out of that lukewarm bathIt is as though he suddenly came out of a dark tunnel and found himself beneath the open sky(simile)He needs sustenance for his journey。

种修辞手法的解释和例句（my）概要1

《高级英语》中常见种修辞手法的解释和例句1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.例如:1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.3>. Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.例如:1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.cavern of a room/ a caverous roomthe room is like a cavern,e.g. a fairyland of dancing flashesIn the maze of vaulted streetsa mountain of wavesa storm of applauseA little shrimp of a fellowA hello Kitty of a girlThread one’s way3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻Tin Pan Alley __the center of pop musicLet the heart to rule the head借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.I.以容器代替内容,例如:1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.III.以作者代替作品,例如:a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.4.Synecdoche 提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.例如:1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)他的厂里约有100名工人.2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)他是本世纪的牛顿.3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分）这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.1.Outside,(there is) a sea of faces.外面街上，是人的海洋。