水利专业英语-Jiaocongcong

水利专业英语概要整理告知12水文班使用的同学：1)为方便班级同学对水利专业英语的复习，特作此电子版供大家自由选择使用，不喜欢电子版复习的同学可打印成纸质版复习；2）本概要整理中分四大部分作了归纳说明，整理的不是很完全，打字过程也难免会有小的错误，我就不一一审核了，若有某处的小纰漏还望接纳；3)此水利专业英语概要整理的内容仅代表我个人的撰写陈述，其中涉及课后习题的答案也仅供大家参考，专业最基本的英语词汇总结出来也是很有限，不代表考试必考部分内容，愿意使用和参考本人整理出来的专业英语概同学在复习过程中发现问题还请及时告诉我以便作及时的修正；4）归纳整理中难以顾全不同英语水平层次的同学，英语词汇量非常有限的同学望自行利用手机、电脑等现代工具查阅词汇含义；5）本人为准备此水利专业英语知识概要整理电子版花费时间较长，目的是希望大家能积极地准备复习，对本概要整理的内容不懂的同学欢迎你的询问，愿与大家共同进步；6）建议需要联系我的同学采取发短信、QQ和微信的方式告知本人。

分享人：Congcong 2015-10-18一、水利专业英语考试题目类型1）单词翻译（汉译英、英译汉）；2)句子翻译（汉译英、英译汉）共计5句；3)回答问题（用英语回答所问问题，均为任课教师上课所提问题）共计5句；4)写作（作文内容范围为课上所学知识）。

二、水利专业英语课后习题参考答案Chapter 1 Water Resources P91、英译汉（1）resource：资源（2）ground water：地下水（3）freshwater：淡水（4）polar：两极的（5）glacier：冰川（6）iceberg：冰山（7）creek：小溪（8）pond：池塘（9）crack：裂隙（10）hydroelectric：水力发电的2、汉译英（1）有限的：finite （2）污染：pollution （3）概略地：roughly/summarily （4）有创造力的：creative （5）咸水：saltwater （6）变量：variant（7）水源：water supply （8）渗透：penetrate （9）粒子：particle（10）可用的：available3、完善句子（1）Converting saltwater to freshwater is generally too expensive to be used for in-dustrial,agricultural or household purpose.（2）Only 3% of the word’s water supply is fresh water and two-thirds of that is salt-water,forming the polar icecaps,glaciers,and icebergs.（3）Surface water is visible above the ground surface, such as creeks, rivers,ponds and lakes.（4）Ground water is water that either fills the spaces between soil particles or pene-trates the cracks and spaces within rocks.Chapter 2 Planning for Water Resources Development P151、英译汉（1）planning：规划（2）management：管理（3）engineering judgment：工程经验判断（4）most desirable：最适宜的（5）project plan：工程规划（6）flood-plain：洪泛平原（7）feasibility study：可行性研究（8）specifications：说明书2、汉译英（1）单个工程：single project （2）区域水管理：regional water management（3）工程技术：engineering （4）趋势：tendency （5）调和：coordination （6）流域：basin （7）发展：development （8）效力：effectiveness （9）原则上：in principle3、完善句子（1）Planning can be defined as the orderly consideration of a project from the ori-ginal statement of purpose through the evaluation of alternatives to the final decision on a course of action.（2）An overall water-management plan,developed with care and closely coordinat-ed with other regional plans,may be a useful tool in determining which of many pos-sible actions should be taken.（3）There is no substitute for “engineering judgment”in the selection of the met-hod of approach to project planning.（4）It is the basis for the decision to proceed with （or to abandon）a proposed project and is the most important aspect of the engineering for the project.Chapter 4 Hydrology P291、英译汉（1）lithosphere：岩石圈（2）hydrosphere：水圈（3）atmosphere：大气圈（4）water supply：水源，供水（5）ground-water hydrology：地下水文学（6）bedrock：岩床，根底（7）hydrology：水文学（8）occurrence：产生（9）pathway：路，径（10）rainfall：降雨2、汉译英（1）干旱：drought （2）污染：contamination （3）推论：deduce（4）泛滥：flooding （5）蒸发：evaporation （6）冰川：glacier（7）转移：divert （8）下游的：downstream （9）造成：pose3、完善句子（1）The cycle of movement of water between atmosphere ,hydrosphere ,lithosphere and biosphere is termed hydrologic cycle.（2）This information is essential to design and evaluation of natural and man-made channels,bridge openings and dams.（3）Hydrology is the science that encompasses the occurrence,distribution,move- ment and properties of the waters of the earth and their relationship with the environ-ment within each phase of the hydrology cycle.Chapter 5 Water Cycle P361、英译汉（1）evaporation：蒸发（2）absorb：吸收，浸入（3）cycle：循环（4）droplet：小滴（5）condensation：凝结，凝聚（6）water vapor：水汽（7）precipitation：降雨（8）hydrologic cycle：水文循环（9）melt：融化（10）moist：潮湿的（11）vegetation：植物，草本（12）rock layers：岩石层2、汉译英（1）池塘：pond （2）大气：atmosphere （3）海洋：ocean （4）水循环：water cycle （5）凝结：condensation （6）水汽：water vapor （7）减去：subtract （8）小滴：droplet （9）固体：solid （10）渗透：infiltration （11）液态水：liquid water （12）蓄水库：reservoir 3、完善句子（1）As water goes through its cycle, it can be a solid ice, a liquid water, or a gas water vapor.（2）Water that runs into rivers flows into ponds, lakes, or oceans where it eva-porates back into the atmosphere.（3）Water vapor condenses into millions of tiny droplets that form clouds.（4）As a result of evaporation, condensation and precipitation, water travels from the surface of the earth, goes into the atmosphere, and returns to earth again. Chapter 6 Principle of Hydrograph-Unit Hydrographs P431、英译汉（1）runoff：径流（2）rainfall：降雨（3）intensively：强烈地，集中地（4）peak discharges：洪峰流量（5）predict：预测（6）watershed：流域（7）implicit：暗含的，含蓄的（8）distribute：分布（9）consequently：所以（10）variations：变化，变动2、汉译英（1）明确说明：specify （2）暴风雨（雪）：storm （3）持续的：duration （4）一致的：uniformly （5）片段：fraction （6）重要性：magnitude （7）假定：assume （8）改变：alter （9）瞬间的：instantaneous 3、完善句子（1）Ways to predict flood discharges and discharge hydrographs from rainfall events have been intensively since the early 1930s.（2）The ordinates are then added at corresponding times t determine the total hydro-graph.（3）This is generally not true ；consequently， variations in ordinates for different storms of equal duration can be expected.Chapter 8 Flood P611、英译汉（1）overflow：泛滥，溢出（2）submerge：淹没（3）deluge：洪水，暴雨（4）rainfall：降雨（5）arid region：干旱地区（6）absorb water：吸收水分（7）flash flood：山洪，暴洪（8）flood plain：洪泛平原（9）shallow water：浅滩水2、汉译英（1）流域：river basin （2）防洪堤：levee （3）邻近洪泛平原：adjacent flood plain （4）农业田地：agricultural land （5）严重洪水：severe flood（6）有毒物：toxic material （7）海生物：maritime life （8）溢流：overflow（9）沉积：sediment3、完善句子（1）When a rainfall does occur ,it can sometimes result in a sudden flood of water filling dry stream beds known as a “flash flood”.（2）When heavy rainfall or melting snow causes the river’s depth to increase and the river to overflow its banks ,a vast expanse of shallow water can rapidly cover the adjacent flood plain.（3）Floods may also cause millions of dollars worth of damage to a city ,both evict-ing people from their homes and ruining businesses.三、水利专业英语上课提问部分（回答部分）Chapter 11、三水：地表水（surface water）、地下水（ground water）、大气水（atmos-pheric vapor）[四水：土壤水（soil moisture）；五水:生物水（biowater）]；2、公共用水系统（public water systerms）开采地下水（tap ground water）的方式是打井（operate wells）；3、人们用水的类型（The types of people using water）分为消耗性用水（consumptive use）和非消耗性用水（nonconsumptive use）；4、消耗性用水和非消耗性用水的含义（meaning）：消耗性用水指水不能回到原始状态（Consumptive use means that the water is not returned to nature），非消耗性用水指不管污染与否回到系统中的水（Nonconsumptive use returns water ，polluted or not，to the system）；5、消耗性用水和非消耗性用水举例：consumptive use：drinking water（喝水）；nonconsumptive use：creating hydroelectric power（水力发电）、shipping（航运）6、有关水资源存在的问题主要是通过对比（by comparing）来阐述的。