2018-2019北京市海淀区高三上学期期中考试
2018-2019海淀区高三年级第一学期期中考试(word版)
海淀区高三年级第一学期期中练习化学2018.11 本试卷分为第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分,满分100分,考试时间90min可能用到的相对原子质量:H 1 C 12 N 14 Na 23 S 32 K 39第I卷(选择题共42分)1.中国传统文化中包含许多科技知识。
下列古语中不涉及化学变化的是2.我们的地球被大气包围着,大气质量与人类健康息息相关。
下列说法不正确的是A.吸烟产生的尼古丁可造成室内空气污染B.向煤中加入适量石灰石可减少SO2的排放C.含放射性元素的天然建材一定不会造成室内空气污染D.催化转化器可有效降低汽车尾气中CO、NO x等的排放3.下列说法正确的是A.HCl的电子式为H:ClB.Na2O2只含有离子键B.质量数为12的C原子符号为12C D.用电子式表示KBr的形成过程:4.食盐在不同分散剂中形成不同分散系。
分散系1:食盐分散在水中形成无色透明溶液分散系2:食盐分散在乙醇中形成无色透明胶体下列说法正确的是A.分散系1中只有两种离子B.分散系为电解质C.可用丁达尔效应区分两个分散系D.两个分散系中分散质粒子直径相同5.下列解释事实的方程式正确的是A.用碳酸钠治疗胃酸过多OH CO H 2CO 2223B.用氨水吸收烟气中的二氧化硫OH S O OH 2S O 2232C.把金属钠放入冷水中产生气体22H OH 2Na O H 2Na D.用氢氧化钠溶液可以溶解氢氧化铝固体OH 2AlO OH )OH (Al 2236.过氧化氢分解反应过程中,能量变化如图所示:下列说法正确的是A.催化剂可以改变过氧化氢分解反应的焓变B.MnO 2或FeCl 3可以催化H 2O 2分解反应C.催化剂不能改变反应路径D.H 2O 2分解是吸热反应7.下列关于元素周期表应用的说法正确的是A.为元素性质的系统研究提供指导,为新元素的发现提供线索B.在金属与非金属的交界处,寻找可做催化剂的合金材料C.在IA 、IIA 族元素中,寻找制造农药的主要元素D.在过渡元素中,可以找到半导体材料8.我国工业废水中几种污染物即其最高允许排放浓度如下表。
最新海淀区2018-2019学年度第一学期高三年级期中考试数学(理)
海淀区高三年级第一学期期中练习数 学(理科) 2018.11本试卷共4页,150分。
考试时长120分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上,在试卷上 作答无效。
考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、选择题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中,选出符合题目要求的一项。
1. 已知集合{},{|,,}A x x a B =-≤=0123,若AB ≠∅,则a 的取值范围为( )(A )(,1]-∞ (B )[,)+∞1 (C )(,]-∞3 (D )[,)∞+3 2.下列函数中,是偶函数且在(,)+∞0上单调递增的是( )(A )()||f x x x =-2(B )()f x x=21 (C )()|ln |f x x = (D )||()e x f x = 3.e11d x x=⎰( ) (A )1- (B )0 (C )1 (D )e 4.在等差数列{}n a 中,a =11,652a a =,则公差d 的值是( ) (A )13- (B )13 (C )-14 (D )145. 角θ的终边经过点(,)P y 4,且sin θ=-35,则tan θ=(A )43- (B )43 (C )-34 (D )346.已知数列{}n a 的通项公式为n aa n n=+,则“a a >21”是“数列{}n a 单调递增”的(A )充分而不必要条件(B )必要而不充分条件 (C )充分必要条件(D )既不充分也不必要条件7.已知向量,a b,c 满足++=0a b c ,且222>>a b c , 则⋅a b ,⋅b c ,⋅c a 中最小的值是( ) (A )⋅a b (B )⋅b c (C )⋅c a (D )不能确定的8.函数(),()f x x g x x x ==-+23,若存在 ,,,[,]n x x x ∈12902,使得()()()()()()()()n n n n f x f x f x g x g x g x g x f x --++++=++++121121,则n 的最大值为( )(A )5 (B )6 (C )7 (D )8二、填空题共6小题,每小题5分,共30分。
2018-2019第一学期海淀区高三期中试卷分析(共61张PPT)
命题应尽量从事实到概念再到理论,最后回归到问题解决上。
考试 说明
课程 标准
教材
试题命制依据
2.期中命题思路
2.1 基于必备知识命题,体现基础性和综合性 选择题和非选择题定位更明确,选择题侧重基础知识考查,非选择题 侧重学科能力考查。增大基础性试题考查,让学生重视基础,增强自 信。 从学科主干知识出发进行命题,着重考查学生对学科必备知识的深入 理解和灵活运用,注重学科内知识的综合。
高考命题需要“增强”的方向尤其值得关注——基础性、 综合性、应用性、探究性及开放性。
教育部考试中心主任姜钢、党委书记刘桔,在《中国教育报》 发表署名文章《牢记立德树人使命 写好教育考试奋进之 笔》,为2019年高考命题定下新基调。
一、核心观点:用党的十九大精神统领高考命题工作,全面 落实立德树人要求。因此,十九大精神必将体现在 2019年高考命 题中。 二、命题要求:围绕高考核心功能,全面深化考试内容改革。 要科学设计考试内容,优化高考选拔功能,强化能力立意与素养 导向,助力推动中学素质教育。 2019年乃至今后一段时间,高考命题工作将从以下几个方面体现 上述功能、任务和要求: (一)聚焦“立德树人”,上好“一课堂”,着力凸显价值引领 (二)注重“服务选才”,做精“一把尺”,全面提升选拔效能 (三)积极“引导教学”,树好“一面旗”,大力助推素质教育
2.2 命题程序 明确测试类别、确定难度 依据合格性水平考试与等级性 水平考试的性质,基于相应的学业质量水平,结合本地区 的实际情况,确定恰当的题目难度。 规划核心素养的测试蓝图 将四项生物学核心素养、素养 的水平表现、所涉及的知识和方法对应起来,确定测试蓝 图,指导命题。 创设真实情境、合理设问 试题情境应围绕现实问题(包 括热点问题)展开,尽量做到新颖、真实、科学、恰当, 有一定的信息量和适当的复杂度,能够成为学生运用学科 知识分析和解决实际问题的载体。基于试题情境的设问要 有清晰的层次和严谨的逻辑,指向核心素养的不同水平。 审核修改定题 依据课程目标、考试类别和测试蓝图,反 复打磨和修改试题,确保和提升题目质量。
海淀区2018-2019学年度第一学期高三英语期中试卷及答案
海淀区高三年级第一学期期中练习英语2017.11第一部分:听力理解(共三节,30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)1. Who will speak at the meeting this afternoon?A. Lily.B. Sophia.C. Michael.2. Where does the man want to go?A. The railway station.B. The bus stop.C. The shopping mall.3.What’s the relationship between the two speakers?A. Teacher and student.B. Mother and son.C. Classmates.4. When will Dr. Block see the man tomorrow?A. At 9:30.B. At 11:00.C. At 11:30.5. How much will the man pay if he rents a room with laundry?A. 20 dollars.B. 40 dollars.C. 60 dollars.第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,15分)听第6段材料,回答第6至7题。
6. What happened to the rich woman in Brazil?A. She lost her fortune.B. She made bad decisions.C. She went crazy.7. How does the man feel about the story?A. Upset.B. Curious.C. Sympathetic.听第7段材料,回答第8至9题。
8. Which kind of painting does the man like best?A. Landscape.B. Figure.C. Flower-and-bird.9. Which picture will the man buy?A. The one of bamboo.B. The one of pine trees.C. The one of flowers.听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。
2018~2019学年北京海淀区高三上学期期中地理试卷答案
( 4 ) 沉积物的数量增多;粒径增大;成分改变。
使地面的热量损失减少,提高了地面温度。烟雾本身具有一定的热量,提高近地面空气 的温度,减少了霜冻危害。 影响:增加大气污染。
13. ( 1 ) 南部以高原为主,北部以平原为主,地势南高北低。 ( 2 ) 乙地气候特征:年降水量大,降水季节变化小;年平均气温高。成因:地势低;位于东 南信风的迎风坡;位于沿海地区;受沿岸暖流影响强。
2018~2019学年北京海淀区高三上学期期中地理试卷(答 案)
一、பைடு நூலகம்择题
1. D 2. ( 1 ) B
( 2 )C 3. ( 1 ) C
( 2 )B ( 3 )C 4. ( 1 ) C ( 2 )B ( 3 )C 5. ( 1 ) D ( 2 )D 6. ( 1 ) A ( 2 )D 7. ( 1 ) A ( 2 )C 8. ( 1 ) A ( 2 )C 9. ( 1 ) A ( 2 )B 10. B
12. ( 1 ) 秋分前,昼长夜短;纬度越高昼越长,夜越短;秋分时各地均昼夜等长;秋分后,昼短 夜长;纬度越高昼越短,夜越长; 整个秋季昼渐短,夜渐长,纬度越高昼夜变化幅度越大。
( 2 ) 气温逐渐降低,最低气温可达0℃以下,气温日较差大。 ( 3 ) 原理:“烟熏法”产生的烟雾可增加近地面大气对地面辐射的吸收,增强大气逆辐射,
二、材料题
11. ( 1 ) 行进方向:先自东向西,再从东南向西北;
北京市海淀区2018-2019学年高三上学期期中数学试卷(文科)PDF版含解析
2018-2019学年北京市海淀区高三(上)期中数学试卷(文科)一、选择题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题列出的四个选项中,选出符合题目温馨提示:多少汗水曾洒下,多少期待曾播种,终是在高考交卷的一刹尘埃落地,多少记忆梦中惦记,多少青春付与流水,人生,总有一次这样的成败,才算长大。
高考保持心平气和,不要紧张,像对待平时考试一样去做题,做完检查一下题目,不要直接交卷,检查下有没有错的地方,然后耐心等待考试结束。
最新试卷十年寒窗苦,踏上高考路,心态放平和,信心要十足,面对考试卷,下笔如有神,短信送祝福,愿你能高中,马到功自成,金榜定题名。
要求的一项.1.已知集合A={x|x>2},B={x|(x﹣1)(x﹣3)<0},则A∩B=()A.{x|x>1} B.{x|2<x<3}C.{x|1<x<3}D.{x|x>2或x<1}2.已知向量=(﹣1,x),=(﹣2,4).若∥,则x的值为()A.﹣2 B. C.D.23.已知命题p:?x>0,x+≥2命题q:若a>b,则ac>bc.下列命题为真命题的是()A.q B.¬p C.p∨q D.p∧q4.若角θ的终边过点P(3,﹣4),则tan(θ+π)=()A.B. C.D.5.已知函数y=x a,y=log b x的图象如图所示,则()A.b>1>a B.b>a>1 C.a>1>b D.a>b>16.设,是两个向量,则“|+|>|﹣|”是“?>0”的()A.充分而不必要条件 B.必要而不充分条件C.充分必要条件 D.既不充分也不必要条件7.给定条件:①?x0∈R,f(﹣x0)=﹣f(x0);②?x∈R,f(1﹣x)=f(1+x)的函数个数是下列三个函数:y=x 3,y=|x﹣1|,y=cosπx中,同时满足条件①②的函数个数是()A.0 B.1 C.2 D.38.已知定义在R上的函数f(x)=,若方程f(x)=有两个不相等的实数根,则a的取值范围是()A.﹣≤a<B.C.0≤a<1 D.二、填空题共6小题,每小题5分,共30分.9.计算lg2﹣lg+3lg5=.10.已知sinα=,则cos2α=.11.已知函数y=f(x)的导函数有且仅有两个零点,其图象如图所示,则函数y=f(x)在x=处取得极值.12.在正方形ABCD中,E是线段CD的中点,若=λ+μ,则λ﹣μ=.13.在△ABC中,cosA=,7a=3b,则B=.14.去年某地的月平均气温y(℃)与月份x(月)近似地满足函数y=a+bsin(x+φ)(a,b为常数,0<φ<).其中三个月份的月平均气温如表所示:x 5 8 11y 13 31 13则该地2月份的月平均气温约为℃,φ=.三、解答题共6小题,共80分.解答应写出文字说明、演算步骤或证明过程.15.已知函数f(x)=cos(2x﹣)﹣cos2x.(Ⅰ)求f(0)的值;(Ⅱ)求函数f(x)的最小正周期和单调递增区间.16.已知数列{a n}是等差数列,且a2=﹣1,数列{b n}满足b n﹣b n﹣1=a n(n=2,3,4,…),且b1=b3=1.(Ⅰ)求a1的值;(Ⅱ)求数列{b n}的通项公式.17.如图,△ABC是等边三角形,点D在边BC的延长线上,且BC=2CD,AD=.(Ⅰ)求的值;(Ⅱ)求CD的长.18.已知函数f(x)=.(Ⅰ)当a=1时,求函数f(x)的单调区间;(Ⅱ)当a<0时,求函数f(x)在区间[0,1]上的最小值.19.已知{a n}是等比数列,a2=2且公比q>0,﹣2,a1,a3成等差数列.(Ⅰ)求q的值;(Ⅱ)已知b n=a n a n+2﹣λna n+1(n=1,2,3,…),设S n是数列{b n}的前n项和.若S1>S2,且S k<S k+1(k=2,3,4,…),求实数λ的取值范围.20.已知函数f(x)=x 3﹣9x,g(x)=3x2+a.(Ⅰ)若曲线y=f(x)与曲线y=g(x)在它们的交点处具有公共切线,求a的值;(Ⅱ)若存在实数b使不等式f(x)<g(x)的解集为(﹣∞,b),求实数a的取值范围;(Ⅲ)若方程f(x)=g(x)有三个不同的解x1,x2,x3,且它们可以构成等差数列,写出实数a的值.(只需写出结果)2016-2017学年北京市海淀区高三(上)期中数学试卷(文科)参考答案与试题解析一、选择题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题列出的四个选项中,选出符合题目要求的一项.1.已知集合A={x|x>2},B={x|(x﹣1)(x﹣3)<0},则A∩B=()A.{x|x>1} B.{x|2<x<3}C.{x|1<x<3}D.{x|x>2或x<1}【考点】交集及其运算.【分析】求出B中不等式的解集确定出B,找出A与B的交集即可.【解答】解:由B中不等式解得:1<x<3,即B={x|1<x<3},∵A={x|x>2},∴A∩B={x|2<x<3},故选:B.2.已知向量=(﹣1,x),=(﹣2,4).若∥,则x的值为()A.﹣2 B. C.D.2【考点】平行向量与共线向量.【分析】利用向量共线的充要条件,列出方程求解即可.【解答】解:向量=(﹣1,x),=(﹣2,4).若∥,可得﹣2x=﹣4,解得x=2.故选:D.3.已知命题p:?x>0,x+≥2命题q:若a>b,则ac>bc.下列命题为真命题的是()A.q B.¬p C.p∨q D.p∧q【考点】命题的真假判断与应用.【分析】判断四个选项的真假,首先判断命题p和q的真假,对于p,根据基本不等式即可得出命题p为真命题,对于q,若a>b>0,c<0,显然ac>bc不成立,从而得出命题q为假命题,这样即可找出正确选项.【解答】解:∵x>0时,,当且仅当x=1时取“=”;∴命题p为真命题,则¬p假;若a>b>0,c<0,则ac>bc不成立;∴命题q为假命题;∴p∨q为真命题.故选C.4.若角θ的终边过点P(3,﹣4),则tan(θ+π)=()A.B. C.D.【考点】任意角的三角函数的定义.【分析】利用任意角的三角函数的定义,诱导公式,求得要求式子的值.【解答】解:∵角θ的终边过点P(3,﹣4),则tan(θ+π)=﹣tanθ=﹣=﹣=,故选:C.5.已知函数y=x a,y=log b x的图象如图所示,则()A.b>1>a B.b>a>1 C.a>1>b D.a>b>1【考点】函数的图象.【分析】由图象得到0<a<1,b>1,【解答】解:由图象可知,0<a<1,b>1,故选:A.6.设,是两个向量,则“|+|>|﹣|”是“?>0”的()A.充分而不必要条件 B.必要而不充分条件C.充分必要条件 D.既不充分也不必要条件【考点】必要条件、充分条件与充要条件的判断.【分析】根据向量数量积的定义和性质结合充分条件和必要条件的定义进行判断即可.【解答】解:若|+|>|﹣|,则等价为|+|2>|﹣|2,即||2+||2+2?>||2+||2﹣2?,即4?>0,则?>0成立,反之,也成立,即“|+|>|﹣|”是“?>0”的充要条件,故选:C.。
2018~2019学年北京海淀区高三上学期期中历史试卷答案
33. ( 1 ) 内容:天下主要是指古代王朝统治的中原区域,延伸到周边地区;王权至上;华夏为中 心。 影响:为秦朝和西汉建立统一的中央集权国家奠定历史文化基础;或:秦汉时期,建立 并巩固统一多民族的中央集权国家;或:西汉董仲舒提出“春秋大一统”和“罢黜百 家、独尊儒术”的主张,认为大一统是天地的常理,国家的需要,要维护政治的统一, 必须实行思想上的统一。)西汉最终解决诸侯王割据势力对中央政府的威胁,加强了中ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ 集权。
( 2 ) 含义:天下是百姓的天下,而非君主的天下;天下应该由君民共治,反对君主专制。 背景:君主专制的强化,商品经济的发展,市民阶层的兴起。
( 3 ) 放弃“天朝上国”的观念,接受与世界各国平等的观念。(或:接受近代国际体系; 或:接受不平等的条约体制。)
34. ( 1 ) 不同:秦简记载秦始皇喜爱自然、欣赏美景,禁止砍伐树林以保护环境,对秦始皇进行 正面的褒扬。《史记》中记载秦始皇与神搏斗、征服自然、毁坏山林,对秦始皇进行负 面的记述。 原因:秦简是秦代的官方记载,有一定的美化成分。《史记》是带有汉代价值观的记 述,具有批评秦始皇的倾向。
2018~2019学年北京海淀区高三上学期期中历史试卷(答 案)
一、选择题
1. B 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. A 11. C 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D 16. B 17. D 18. B 19. D 20. C
21. A 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. D 28. D 29. B 30. B 31. B 32. A
( 2 ) 思想:朱熹认为理是世界的本原,提出“存天理,灭人欲”;要求统治者通过“格物致 知”和“意诚心正”来治理天下。 品格:具有强烈的社会责任感和刚正不阿的气节。
2018-2019学年北京市海淀区高三上学期期中模拟练习数学(文)试题及答案-精编试题
高三上学期期中模拟测试数学(文)试题本试卷共4页,150分。
考试时长120分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、选择题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中,选出符合题目要求的一项。
(1)已知集合{0,1}A ,{|02}B x xR ,则AB()(A ){0}(B ){1}(C )[0,1](D )(0,1)(2)若等比数列{}n a 满足153a a a ,则3a ()(A )1(B )1(C )0或1(D )1或1(3)设132a ,3log 2b ,cos100c,则()(A )c b a (B )a c b (C )cab(D )abc(4)已知点(1,0),(0,1)A B ,向量(1,1)a ,那么()(A )ABa (B )AB ∥a(C )AB a (D )AB a(5)已知函数2()f x ax x (a 为常数),则函数(1)f x 的图象恒过点()(A )(1,0)(B )(0,1)(C )(1,1)(D )(1,0)(6)设,a b R ,则“1a b ”是“22ab ab ”的()(A )充分而不必要条件(B )必要而不充分条件(C )充分必要条件(D )既不充分也不必要条件(7)函数π1()sin 12f x xx在区间(0,4)内的零点个数为()(A )1(B )2(C )3(D )4(8)设等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S .在同一个坐标系中,()na f n 及()nS g n 的部分图象如图所示,则()-0.4-0.80.7O 87a n (S n )n(A )当4n 时,n S 取得最大值(B )当3n 时,n S 取得最大值(C )当4n时,n S 取得最小值(D )当3n时,n S 取得最小值二、填空题共6小题,每小题5分,共30分。
(9)已知角的终边过点(1,3),则tan______.(10)已知(1i)(1i)2a (i 为虚数单位),则实数a 的值为_____.(11)已知两个单位向量,a b 的夹角为60,且满足()t a b a ,则实数t 的值是________.(12)已知函数21,10,()1(), 01,2xxx x f x x ≤≤≤则((0))f f _______;()f x 的最小值为 .(13)为净化水质,向一个游泳池加入某种化学药品,加药后池水中该药品的浓度C (单位:mg /L )随时间t (单位:h )的变化关系为2204t Ct,则经过_______h 后池水中药品浓度达到最大.(14)已知全集1234{,,,}Ua a a a ,集合A 是集合U 的恰有两个元素的子集,且满足下列三个条件:①若1a A ,则2a A ;②若3a A ,则2a A ;③若3a A ,则4a A .则集合A___________.(用列举法表示)三、解答题共6小题,共80分。
2018--2019年度海淀区高三年级第一学期期中地理试题及答案(word版)
海淀区2018-2019年度高三年级第一学期期中练习地理2018.11 本试卷共8页,满分100分。
考试时长90分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题纸上,在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后,将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。
第1卷(选择题共40分)本卷共20小题,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
请将所选答案前的代表字母填写在答题纸上(每小题2分,多选、错选、漏选,该小题均不得分)。
科学家预测在2019年至2020年太阳表面将再度出现“无黑子”现象,又称为“白太阳”,预示着太阳活动将进入“极小期”。
据此,回答第1题。
1.“白太阳”现象持续期间,①全球降水均增多,洪涝灾害更加频繁②极地附近出现“极光”的范围将扩大③地球磁场受到的干扰减弱,磁暴减少④太阳活动对无线电短波通讯干扰减弱A.①② B.②④ C.①③ D.③④2018年9月3日至5日,中非合作论坛北京峰会顺利召开。
图1为非洲部分地区年平均气温和年降水量分布图。
读图,回答第2、3题。
2.峰会期间,A.北京比金沙萨正午太阳高度角大B.北京昼长夜短,昼渐短,夜渐长C.北京日出东南,比开普敦日出早D.地球公转和自转速度都逐渐减慢3.图示区域A.年降水量自西向东逐渐增加B.年平均气温自南向北逐渐降低C.甲地受寒流的影响,降温明显D.乙地受东南季风影响,降水丰富图2中的4条曲线反映R地某日近地面观测的辐射和温度随时间变化情况。
其中,太阳总辐射强度是指到达地面的太阳短波总辐射强度,地面净辐射强度是指地面收入与支出辐射差额的强度。
读图,回答第4-6题。
4.影响R地该日太阳总辐射强度变化的主要因素有①太阳高度②气候类型③地形特点④地表温度⑤云量变化A.①②③B.②③④C.①③⑤D.②④⑤5.图中曲线与地面净辐射强度、近地面大气温度、地表温度依次对应的是A.甲、乙、丙 B.乙、丙、甲 C.丙、乙、甲 D.甲、丙、乙6.此次的观测地点和时段可能是A.西欧平原,3、4月份 B.撒哈拉沙漠,7、8月份C.青藏高原,5、6月份 D.准噶尔盆地,10、11月份图3为世界部分地区三圈环流示意图,图中箭头表示气流的运动方向。
北京市海淀区2019届高三上学期期中考试物理试题Word版含答案
海淀区2018-2019学年高三年级第一学期期中练习物理金榜题名,高考必胜!蝉鸣声里勾起高考记忆三年的生活,每天睡眠不足六个小时,十二节四十五分钟的课加上早晚自习,每天可以用完一支中性笔,在无数杯速溶咖啡的刺激下,依然活蹦乱跳,当我穿过昏暗的清晨走向教学楼时,我看到了远方地平线上渐渐升起的黎明充满自信,相信自己很多考生失利不是输在知识技能上而是败在信心上,觉得自己不行。
临近考试前可以设置完成一些小目标,比如说今天走1万步等,考试之前给自己打气,告诉自己“我一定行”!说明:本试卷共8页,共100分。
考试时长90分钟。
考生务必将答案写在答题最最新试卷多少汗水曾洒下,多少期待曾播种,终是在高考交卷的一刹尘埃落地,多少记忆梦中惦记,多少青春付与流水,人生,总有一次这样的成败,才算长大。
新试卷十年寒窗苦,踏上高考路,心态放平和,信心要十足,面对考试卷,下笔如有神,短信送祝福,愿你能高中,马到功自成,金榜定题名。
纸上,在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后,将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。
一、本题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,有的小题只有一个选项是正确的,有的小题有多个选项是正确的。
全部选对的得3分,选不全的得2分,有选错或不答的得0分。
把你认为正确答案填涂在答题纸上。
1.如图1所示,用三段不可伸长的轻质细绳OA、OB、OC共同悬挂一重物使其静止,其中 OA与竖直方向的夹角为30°,OB沿水平方向,A端、B端固定。
若分别用FA、FB、FC表示OA、OB、OC三根绳上的拉力大小,则下列判断中正确的是A.FA>FB>FC B.FA<FB<FCC.FA>FC>FB D.FC>FA>FB2.在2016年的夏季奥运会上,我国跳水运动员获得多枚奖牌,为祖国赢得荣誉。
高台跳水比赛时,运动员起跳后在空中做出各种动作,最后沿竖直方向进入水中。
若此过程中运动员头部连续的运动轨迹示意图如图2中虚线所示, a、b、c、d为运动轨迹上的四个点。
北京市海淀区2018-2019学年度上学期高三期中考试英语试题
北京市海淀区2018-2019学年度上学期⾼三期中考试英语试题北京市海淀区2018-2019学年⾼三上学期期中统⼀考试英语试题2018.11本试卷共150分。
考试时长120分钟。
考⽣务必把答案答在答题卡上,在试卷上作答⽆效。
第⼀部分:听⼒理解(共三节,30分)第⼀节(共5⼩题;每⼩题1.5分,满分7.5分)1. Where does the man come from?A. Britain.B. Australia.C. America.2. What is the woman looking for?A. Her cellphone.B. Her car key.C. Her book.3. When will they meet?A. At 4:00 pm.B. At 4:30 pm.C. At 7:00 pm.4. Which kind of membership does the man pick?A. One-month membership.B. Three-month membership.C. Six-month membership.5. What does Anna do?A. A singer.B. A musician.C. A student.第⼆节(共10⼩题;每⼩题1.5分,15分)听第6段材料,回答第6⾄7题。
6. Why does the woman make the call?A. To ask for information.7. What is the most important reason for the man’s application?A. The job suits him very well.B. The benefits in the company are good.C. The company takes care of its employees. 听第7段材料,回答第8⾄9题。
6海淀区2018-2019高三英语期中考试试题
一第二节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,共30分)Taking ChancesMy mother recently read me a speech she had made at a local high school, hoping to 36 my endless quest for answers to everything.Ever since I was very young, 37 of making mistakes, I've asked countless times, "What should I do?" I don’t remember clearly when I38 only to do things the "right" way, and made "doing it the right way" my motto.However, sometime during my high school years, I 39 . Maybe it was when I decided to try for the lead in "Beauty and the Beast." Never mind that I would have to memorize 40 and rehearse movements, I would take the chance that I might 41 . On the day of tryouts, my heart was pounding; my hands were 42 badly when I got up to sing. But when I opened my mouth, the sound was loud and 43 . I reached for the high notes that sometimes were 44 my reach. I was trying to do my best even though I might fail. 45 I didn’t!The audition (试镜) was definitely an 46 part of the process. I realized that if I wanted to live life to the fullest, I had to take 47 .Now, I do take these chances, with baby steps, every day; voicing my opinions in class discussions or debates, 48 for a high note in church choir, riding my horse over a three-foot jump.Three years ago, I broke my back when I fell from my horse. The 49 meant I couldn't try out for basketball, which I loved. And, the day I 50 out for track was the first day my doctor allowed me to do any physical activity at all. The coach didn’t take me, so I started running with my mom. No stop-watches. No cheering crowds.I didn’t51 the track team, but I didn’t fail, either.I have finally learned to 52 myself, like taking a tough science course. And I have come to realize that even though my parents, friends and teachers don’t always have the 53 to “What should I do?”, they will be there to 54 me when I try.“Life is learning to deal with Plan B,” my mother 55 in her speech. But I now know that the Plan A’s I make for my life will become easier and easier with every chance I take.36. A. seek B. satisfy C. excite D. tolerate37. A. afraid B. aware C. certain D. free38. A. afforded B. agreed C. promised D. decided39. A. survived B. learned C. changed D. quitted40. A. lines B. texts C. lessons D. roles41. A. stay B. leave C. fail D. join42. A. hurting B. shaking C. suffering D. struggling43. A. powerful B. gentle C. innocent D. distant44. A. against B. within C. outside D. beyond45. A. Otherwise B. Thus C. But D. Therefore46. A. ordinary B. independent C. additional D. important47. A. chances B. turns C. measures D. sides48. A. looking B. waiting C. hoping D. reaching49. A. event B. injury C. disease D. experience50. A. worked B. tried C. looked D. held51. A. visit B. admire C. make D. take52. A. help B. enjoy C. push D. save53. A. answer B. approach C. response D. access54. A. teach B. watch C. trust D. support55. A. planned B. stated C. expected D. discussed第一节单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,共15分)21. Lang Lang’s mother ________ to train him to play the piano when he was very young.A. startedB. has startedC. startsD. had started22. Paper cuts of animals have been found in tombs ______ date back to the time of the Northern and SouthernDynasty.A. whenB. whoC. whichD. where23. If you want to stand out in the world of advertisements, ________ old ideas is not enough.A. repeatB. having repeatedC. repeatedD. repeating24.---Mona is never happy. Look, she _________ about her lunch.---I think she’d better change her way of thinking.A. complainedB. complainsC. is complainingD. has complained25. Wh at a pity! ________ of Amy’s two little brothers joined in this year’s family marathon.A. NeitherB. AllC. NoneD. Either26. When Mary heard the news, a wide smile spread ________ her face.A. throughB. acrossC. againstD. over27. ---Allan, I _______ you to come down several times. Why are you still here?---Sorry, Mom. But I’m bus y with my project.A. askB. was askingC. have askedD. had asked28. ________ a kid is taught at a young age will affect his whole life. A. Which B. Who C. AsD. What29. Mrs. White was very excited to know that her son _________ a position in that big company.A. has offeredB. had offeredC. has been offeredD. had been offered30. –Will you be home before 7:00 pm tomorrow?--Probably not, I ___________ Johnny at the airport then.A. have picked upB. will be picking upC. would pick upD. am going to pick up31. _______ the concert hall was cold and the sound system caused a few problems, the audience could still enjoy the concert.A. UntilB. AlthoughC. IfD. Unless32. Kelly failed Mr. Brown’s literature course. She ________ have handed in the report earlier.A. mightB. shouldC. wouldD. must33. ________ the woman even more, Chen Yifei adds a lot of detail to the fan and the cloth of her dress.A. To emphasizeB. EmphasizedC. EmphasizingD. Emphasize34. During the China-Africa Cooperation Summit, some African leaders visited Huawei’s Beijing Center, _______ they were amazed at the company’s achievements.A. whyB. whichC. whetherD. where35. If they ________ the game to the visiting team yesterday, their coach would have been fired.A. lostB. loseC. had lostD. have lostAWelcome to ASU Robotics Camps 2019!ASU Robotics Camps are designed for students who intend to pursue a science and engineering career. The program is administrated by Arizona State University. Camp instructors will teach the latest engineering design concepts and computing technologies. The robots built by students will enter a robotics challenge and demonstration at the end of the camp.7Up RobotCamp, Nov.4 to Nov.15, 2019 (except Saturday and Sunday), from 8:30 am to 4:30 pm. This camp is designed for students entering grades 7 and 8. Exceptional students entering grade 6 can be considered. Students will learn programming, design and construct robots, learn EV3 robotics programming, and participate in the robotics challenge at the level of difficulty similar to FIRST Lego League (FLL) Robotics Competition. Online Enrollment: Open on Sept.1.9Up RobotCamp, Nov.18 to Nov.29, 2019 (except Saturday and Sunday), from 8:30 am to 4:30 pm. This camp is designed for students entering grades 9, 10, 11, and 12. The program will cover robot construction, visual programming, language programming, phone app programming, and a robotics challenge. Online Enrollment: Open on Sept.1.As a session in 7Up and 9Up RobotCamps, we also train school teachers who are involved in courses or clubs in computing, game programming, and robotics in their schools. Please also contact us for details at s cidse.wintercamps@.The camps will be taught by Dr. Chen and his teaching assistants. Dr. Chen is a computing and robotics expert, who led ASU teams to win two champion titles in the “Ultimate Architecture Sum o-Robot Competition” in Las Vegas in 2005 and in 2006, and he has organized and instructed all the previous ASU Winter Robotics Camps since 2006.TuitionThe tuitions for both 7Up Camp and 9Up Camp are $650.Contact and RegistrationCamp Website: /roboticscamp/Mail: SCIDSE Robotics Camps, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 7-8809, Tempe, AZ 85287-8809General Inquiry: Call (480) 965-3199 or email s cidse.wintercamps@Accommodations: Special NeedsIf your child has a disability and has a need for an accommodation in order to participate in this program, please notify Lori Borsheim at The School of Computing, or (480) 965-3199 to discuss your child’s needs.56. ASU Robotics Camps are mainly aimed at students________.A. with disabilitiesB. with exceptional gradesC. fond of game designingD. interested in science and engineering57. By joining ASU Robotics Camps, a grade 7 student can_______.A. learn EV3 robotics programmingB. enter FLL Robotics CompetitionC. get an award in a robotics challengeD. join ASU teams led by Dr. Chen58. ASU Robotics Camps offer _______ to every participant.A. an assistant robotB. various programming coursesC. free accommodationsD. a 12-day learning experienceBFlower PowerWhen her grandmother’s health began to worsen last autumn, Mary would make the drive from Washington, DC to Winchester, V A every few days.She hated highway driving, finding it ugly and boring. She preferred to take winding country roads to her grandmother’s hospital. When she drove through the rocky town of Harpers Ferry, the beauty of the rough waters was always appealing to her.Toward the end of her journey, Mary had to get on highway 81. It was here that she discovered a surprising bit ofbeauty during one of her trips. Along the shoulder of the highway, there was a long stretch of wild flowers. They were thin and delicate and purple, and moved back and forth in the wind as if whispering poems to each other.The first time she saw the flowers, Mary was seized by an uncontrollable urge to pull over on the highway and pull a bunch from the soil. She carried them into her grandmother’s room when she arrived at the hospital and placed them in a vase by her bed.For a moment her grandmother seemed more lucid(清醒的)than usual. She thanked Mary for the flowers, commented on their beauty and asked where she had gotten them. Mary was overjoyed by the ability of the flowers to wake something up inside her sick grandmother.Afterwards, Mary began carrying scissors in the car during her trips to visit her grandmother. She would quickly glide onto the shoulder, jump out of the car, and clip a bunch of flowers. Each time Mary placed the flowers in the vase, her gran dmother’s eyes would light up and they would have a splendid conversation.One morning in late October, Mary got a call that her grandmother had taken a turn for the worse. Mary was in such a hurry to get to her grandmother that she sped past her flower spot. She decided to turn around, head several miles back, and cut a bunch.Mary arrived at the hospital to find her grandmother very weak and unresponsive. She placed the flowers in the vase and sat down to hold her grandmother’s hand. She felt a squeeze on her fingers. It was the last conversation they had.59. Mary preferred to take country roads to the hospital because she could ________.A. get on highway 81 more easilyB. pick wild flowers for her grandmotherC. enjoy the natural view along the roadsD. spend less time driving to the destination60. When Mary placed the flowers by her grandmother’s bed, her grandmother _________.A. was overjoyed by the flowersB. commented on Mary’s beautyC. came alive at the sight of the flowersD. was curious about the type of the flowers61. From the passage, we know that ________.A. Mary discovered the wild flowers along the country roadsB. Mary’s last conversation with her grandmother was a silent oneC. Mary headed several miles back because she sped past the hospitalD. Mary’s grandmother had passed away before she arrived at the hospital62. What does the passage convey to us?A. Beauty in nature can be powerful.B. Love has no beginning or ending.C. Life is as beautiful as summer flowers.D. Flowers have the magic to cure diseases.CSeeds on IceClose to the North Pole, remote and rocky Plateau Mountain in the Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard seems an unlikely spot for any global effort to safeguard agriculture. In this cold and deserted environment, no grains, no gardens, no trees can grow. Yet at the end of a 130-meter-long tunnel cut out of solid stone is a room filled withhumanity’s most precious treasure, the largest and most diverse seed collection---more than a half-billion seeds.A quiet rescue mission is under way. With growing evidence that unchecked climatechange will seriously affect food production and threaten the diversity of cropsaround the world, the Svalbard Global Seed V ault represents a major step towardsensuring the preservation of hundreds of thousands of crop varieties. This is a seedcollection, but more importantly, it is a collection of the traits found within the seeds:the genes that give one variety resistance to a particular pest and another varietytolerance for hot, dry weather.Few people will ever see or come into contact with the contents of this vault. In sealed boxes, behind multiple locked doors, monitored by electronic security systems, enveloped in below-zero temperatures, and surrounded by tons of rock, hundreds of millions of seeds are protected in their mountain fortress. Frozen in such conditions inside the mountain, seeds of most major crops will remain viable for hundreds of years, or longer. Seeds of some are capable of retaining their ability to grow for thousands of years.Everyone can look back now and say that the Seed Vault was a good and obvious idea, and that of course the Norwegian government should have approved and funded it. But back in 2004, when the Seed Vault was proposed, it was viewed as a crazy, impractical, and expensive idea.We knew that nothing would provide a definite guarantee. But we were tired, fed up, and frankly scared of the steady, greater losses of crop diversity. The Seed Vault was built by optimists who wanted to do something to preserve options so that humanity and its crops might be better prepared for change. If it simply resupplied seed gene banks with samples those gene banks had lost, this would repay our efforts.The Seed Vault is about hope and commitment—about what can be done if countries come together and work cooperatively to accomplish something significant, long-lasting, and worthy of who we are and wish to be.63. According to the passage, the Seed Vault is _______.A. a tunnel where the collected seeds are displayedB. a stone room that contains the seeds of endangered cropsC. a seed gene bank that stores diverse seeds for future agricultureD. a lab where researchers study how to maintain the diversity of crops64. The underlined word “viable” in Paragraph 3 probably means _______.A. matureB. cleanC. aliveD. valuable65. Paragraph 3 mainly tells us ___________.A. how the seeds are preservedB. where people keep the seedsC. why the seeds are protectedD. what people do to study the seeds66. We can know from the passage that ____________.A.the Seed Vault offers a solution to climate changeB.most countries took part in rescuing the seed varietiesC.the Seed Vault guarantees to prevent the loss of crop diversityD.many people originally considered building the Seed Vault unwiseDYoung Americans Are Less Wealthy Than Their ParentsThe cost of living in the United States is going up, notes writer Alissa Quartz. As is reported in New York Post, Quartz points to “the costs of housing, education and health care in particular.” At the same time, a new study, the report of which is called “The Fading American Dream” found that half of Americans born in the 1980s are falling behind their parents economically.T hese findings show that many younger adults are experiencing “downward mobility.” In other words, they are not doing as well economically as their parents were at the same age. The idea of downward mobility is especially troubling for Americans, writes Robert Samuelson in The Washington Post. He says most U.S. citizens believe that, over time, the amount of money they earn will rise and life will get easier.Alissa Quartz wrote a book about the financial difficulties of Americans. In the book, Quartz tells about teachers who are struggling to pay for regular costs. One high school teacher drives for ride sharing service Uber at night to earn more money. He corrects students’ papers between riders. A co llege professor turned to government assistance to feed her child and pay for a doctor. Quartz says even lawyers increasingly cannot earn an income that enables them to meet their needs. The problem of decreasing incomes in their field is made worse by debt they may have from law school.Quartz and the economists who studied these issues say many things have led to lower incomes and downward mobility. The economic recession of 2007 to 2009 is partly to blame, they say. Modern technology also plays a part. Quartz says robots threaten to reduce the earnings of health care workers,reporters, and people who work atsupermarkets, drug stores and tax preparation services. In The Washington Post, Robert Samuelson noted that poor schools, a weak housing industry and too many government rules are also to blame.With all these things, and more, partly responsible, what is the solution? These experts say the answer is complex. But all point to one issue that needs to be examined: economic inequality. Quartz writes that while America is one of the richest countries in the world, it also has one of the biggest divides between the wealthy and the poor.The researchers in “T he Fading American Dream” study make a similar observation. They say raising GDP will not significantly improve the economic situation of most Americans. A higher GDP may help only those who are already doing well. Instead, the economists say, the United States could try to repeat something Americans born in the 1940s experienced. As those children grew up, they almost all benefited from a better economy.67. The author mentions two reports in Paragraph 1 in order to ___________.A. explain the results of two researchesB. introduce his opinions about the issueC. attract readers’ attenti on to health careD. lead to the topic of downward mobility68. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 4?A. The causes of downward mobility.B. The influences of government rules.C. The negative effects of modern technology.D. The results of economic recession in America.69. The author indicates in this passage that___________________.A. raising GDP will greatly help the poorB. American economy has a bright futureC. young Americans will repeat their parents’ experienceD. it’s vital t o narrow the gap between the rich and the poor70. We can learn from the passage that in America, ____________________.A. people miss the good old days in the 1940sB. people are suffering from a worse economyC. people are pessimistic about future economyD. people complain a lot about economic changesHow to Turn Your Goals into HabitsFirst we make our habits, then our habits make us. It’s such a simple concept, yet it’s something we don’t always do.I believe that having ONE goal to focus on is much more powerful than having many goals. By putting the belief into practice, I have achieved a lot of personal goals over time. ____71____ My answer takes a little explaining. I try to turn my goals into habits, and in doing so, I put my goals on autopilot. Turning a goal into a habit meansreally focusing on it for at least a month. The more you can focus, the more it'll be on autopilot. ___72 __ You’ll still do it, but you only have to use minimal force to maintain it, and you can focus on your next goal or habit.Take my marathon goal as an example. I was just starting running and had the brilliant idea to run a marathon within a year. So that was my goal. ___73___ First, I had to make running a daily habit. Second, I had to report to people in order to have accountability (负责) so that I could not quit easily. I focused on the daily running habit for about a month, and didn’t have any other goals or habits. When the running habit stuck, I started reporting to people I knew and blogging about my running every day.____74_____ I could focus on new goals without having to worry about the marathon. I still had to do the running, of course, but it didn’t require constant focus. ____75____ I was able to achieve this because, all year long, I had daily running and accountability habits. I put my marathon goal into autopilot, so instead of struggling with it daily for an entire year, I focused on it for one month and was able to accomplish it while focusing on new habits and goals.A. And eventually, I ran the first marathon in my life.B. At the beginning, it was very difficult for me to achieve this goal.C. But in order to achieve it, I broke it down into two habits.D. With this accountability, there’s no way I could stop running.E. Once you put it on autopilot, you don't have to focus on it much.F. My readers asked me how I was able to achieve them while working on different projects.G. Once those two habits were established, my marathon goal was pretty much on autopilot.Keys:单项填空21. A 22. C 23. D24. C 25. A 26. B 27. C28. D 29. D 30. B 31. B 32. B 33. A 34. D35. C完形填空36. B 37. A 38. D 39. C 40. A 41.C 42. B 43. A 44. D 45. C46. D 47. A 48. D 49. B 50. B 51. C52. C53. A54. D55. B阅读理解56. D 57. A 58. B 59. C 60. C61. B 62. A 63. C 64. C 65. A66. D 67. D 68. A 69. D 70. B71. FECG A英语第11页(共8页)。
北京市海淀区2018-2019学年高三上学期期中考试物理试题PDF版含答案(2)
2018-2019学年海淀区高三年级第一学期期中练习物理说明:本试卷共8页,共100分。
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试卷十年寒窗苦,踏上高考路,心态放平和,信心要十足,面对考试卷,下笔如有神,短信送祝福,愿你能高中,马到功自成,金榜定题名。
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题号一二三总分13 14 15 16 17 18 分数一、本题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,有的小题只有一个选项是正确的,有的小题有多个选项是正确的。
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1.城市中的路灯、无轨电车的供电线路等,经常用三角形的结构悬挂。
图1是这类结构的一种简化模型,硬杆左端可绕通过B 点且垂直于纸面的轴无摩擦的转动,右端O 点通过钢索挂于A 点,钢索和硬杆所受的重力均可忽略。
有一质量不变的重物悬挂于O 点,现将钢索缓慢变短,并使钢索的悬挂点A缓慢向下移动,以保证硬杆始终处于水平。
则在上述变化过程中,下列说法中正确的是A .钢索对O 点的拉力变大B .硬杆对O 点的弹力变小C .钢索和硬杆对O 点的作用力的合力变大D .钢索和硬杆对O 点的作用力的合力变小2.如图2所示,在光滑水平面上有一轻质弹簧左端固定,右端与一质量为m 的小球相连,构成一个水平弹簧振子,弹簧处于原长时小球位于O 点。
现使小球以O 点为平衡位置,在A 、B 两点间沿光滑水平面做简谐运动,关于这个弹簧振子做简谐运动的过程,下列说法中正确的是A .小球从O 位置向B 位置运动过程中做减速运动B .小球每次通过同一位置时的加速度一定相同C .小球从A 位置向B 位置运动过程中,弹簧振子所具有的势能持续增加D .小球在A 位置弹簧振子所具有的势能与在B 位置弹簧振子所具有的势能相等3.在长约 1.0m 的一端封闭的玻璃管中注满清水,水中放一个适当的圆柱形的红蜡块,将玻璃管的开口端用胶塞塞紧,并迅速竖直倒置,红蜡块就沿玻璃管由管口匀速上升到管底。
2018-2019学年北京市海淀区高三(上)期中数学试卷(文科)
2018-2019学年北京市海淀区高三(上)期中数学试卷(文科)一、选择题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题列出的四个选项中,选出符合题目要求的一项.1.(5分)已知集合A={x|x﹣a≤0},若2∈A,则a的取值范围为()A.(﹣∞,4]B.(﹣∞,2]C.[2,+∞)D.[4,+∞)2.(5分)下列函数中,是奇函数且在(0,+∞)上存在最小值的是()A.f(x)=x2﹣x B.f(x)=|lnx|C.f(x)=x3D.f(x)=sinx 3.(5分)函数f(x)=sin(x+φ)满足,则的值是()A.0B.C.D.14.(5分)已知向量=(1,2),=(3,1),则向量,夹角的大小为()A.B.C.D.5.(5分)已知函数f(x)=log a x,g(x)=b x,的图象都经过点,则ab 的值为()A.1B.2C.4D.86.(5分)在△ABC中,“C=”是“sinA=cosB”的()A.充分不必要条件B.必要不充分条件C.充分必要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件7.(5分)数列{a n}的通项公式为,若数列{a n}单调递增,则a的取值范围为()A.(﹣∞,0]B.[0,+∞)C.(﹣∞,2)D.[1,+∞)8.(5分)已知向量,,满足++=,且2>2>2,则•、•、•中最小的值是()A.B.C.D.不能确定的二、填空题共6小题,每小题5分,共30分.9.(5分)角θ的终边经过点P(4,﹣3),则tanθ=.10.(5分)等差数列{a n}中,a1=5,a2+a5=0,则{a n}中为正数项的项的个数为.11.(5分)已知,是不共线的两个向量,=,则=.12.(5分)函数在区间[0,π]上的最大值为.13.(5分)能说明“若存在x0,使得f(﹣x0)=﹣f(x0),则f(x)不是偶函数”为假命题的一个函数f(x)是.14.(5分)已知函数.(1)当a=1时,函数f(x)的值域是;(2)若函数f(x)的图象与直线y=a只有一个公共点,则实数a的取值范围是三、解答题共6小题,共80分.解答应写出文字说明、演算步骤或证明过程.15.(13分)已知函数.(Ⅰ)求f(0)的值;(Ⅱ)求函数f(x)的单调递增区间.16.(13分)设{a n}是等比数列,其前n项的和为S n,且a2=2,S2﹣3a1=0.(Ⅰ)求{a n}的通项公式;(Ⅱ)若S n+a n≥48,求n的最小值.17.(13分)如图,在四边形ABCD中,AB=4,BC=5,AC=7,∠B+∠D=π.(Ⅰ)求cosD的值;(Ⅱ)若AC是∠DAB的角平分线,求DC的长.18.(14分)已知函数f(x)=x3+x2+ax﹣1.(Ⅰ)当a=﹣1时,求函数f(x)的单调区间;(Ⅱ)求证:直线y=ax﹣1是曲线y=f(x)的切线;(Ⅲ)写出a的一个值,使得函数f(x)有三个不同零点(只需直接写出数值)19.(13分)已知数列{a n}的前n项和为S n,且.(Ⅰ)求a1,a2,a3的值;<a2+a4+a6+…+a2n.(Ⅱ)求证:a1+a3+a5+…+a2n+120.(14分)已知函数.(Ⅰ)求函数f(x)的极值;(Ⅱ)求证:存在x0,使得f(x0)<1.2018-2019学年北京市海淀区高三(上)期中数学试卷(文科)参考答案与试题解析一、选择题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题列出的四个选项中,选出符合题目要求的一项.1.(5分)已知集合A={x|x﹣a≤0},若2∈A,则a的取值范围为()A.(﹣∞,4]B.(﹣∞,2]C.[2,+∞)D.[4,+∞)【解答】解:∵2∈A;∴2﹣a≤0;∴a≥2;∴a的取值范围为[2,+∞).故选:C.2.(5分)下列函数中,是奇函数且在(0,+∞)上存在最小值的是()A.f(x)=x2﹣x B.f(x)=|lnx|C.f(x)=x3D.f(x)=sinx 【解答】解:根据题意,依次分析选项:对于A,f(x)=x2﹣x,f(﹣x)=(﹣x)2﹣(﹣x)=x2+x≠﹣f(x),不是奇函数,不符合题意;对于B,f(x)=|lnx|,f(﹣x)=ln|﹣x|=lnx=f(x),为偶函数,不是奇函数,不符合题意;对于C,f(x)=x3,为幂函数,是奇函数,但在(0,+∞)上不存在最小值对于D,f(x)=sinx,为正弦函数,是奇函数,在(0,+∞)上存在最小值﹣1;故选:D.3.(5分)函数f(x)=sin(x+φ)满足,则的值是()A.0B.C.D.1【解答】解:由f(x)=sin(x+φ)满足,得sin(φ)=1,即φ=,k∈Z.则φ=,k∈Z.∴f(x)=sin(x+φ)=sin(x+)=sin(x+).∴=sinπ=0.故选:A.4.(5分)已知向量=(1,2),=(3,1),则向量,夹角的大小为()A.B.C.D.【解答】解:设向量,夹角的大小为θ,θ∈[0,π],∵向量=(1,2),=(3,1),∴cosθ===,故选:B.5.(5分)已知函数f(x)=log a x,g(x)=b x,的图象都经过点,则ab 的值为()A.1B.2C.4D.8【解答】解:函数f(x)=log a x,g(x)=b x,的图象都经过点,∴=2,=2,解得a=,b=16.则ab=8.故选:D.6.(5分)在△ABC中,“C=”是“sinA=cosB”的()A.充分不必要条件B.必要不充分条件C.充分必要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件【解答】解:“C=”⇔“A+B=”⇔“A=﹣B”⇒sinA=cosB,反之sinA=cosB,A+B=,或A=+B,“C=”不一定成立,∴A+B=是sinA=cosB成立的充分不必要条件,故选:A.7.(5分)数列{a n}的通项公式为,若数列{a n}单调递增,则a的取值范围为()A.(﹣∞,0]B.[0,+∞)C.(﹣∞,2)D.[1,+∞)>a n,可得:n+1+>n+,化为:a<【解答】解:数列{a n}单调递增⇔a n+1n2+n.∴a<2.故选:C.8.(5分)已知向量,,满足++=,且2>2>2,则•、•、•中最小的值是()A.B.C.D.不能确定的【解答】解:∵;∴,,;∴,,;∵;∴,;∴;∴.故选:A.二、填空题共6小题,每小题5分,共30分.9.(5分)角θ的终边经过点P(4,﹣3),则tanθ=.【解答】解:∵角θ的终边经过点P(4,﹣3),∴x=4,y=﹣3,则tanθ==﹣,故答案为:﹣.10.(5分)等差数列{a n}中,a1=5,a2+a5=0,则{a n}中为正数项的项的个数为3.【解答】解:∵等差数列{a n}中,a1=5,a2+a5=0,∴5+d+5+4d=0,∴d=﹣2,∴a n=5﹣2(n﹣1)=﹣2n+7,a1>0,a2>0,a3>0,n≥4时,a n<0,则{a n}中为整数的项的个数为3,故答案为:3.11.(5分)已知,是不共线的两个向量,=,则=.【解答】解:,是不共线的两个向量,=,∴==,则==,故答案为:.12.(5分)函数在区间[0,π]上的最大值为2.【解答】解:由于:x∈[0,π],所以:,则:,则,所以函数的最大值为2,故答案为:213.(5分)能说明“若存在x0,使得f(﹣x0)=﹣f(x0),则f(x)不是偶函数”为假命题的一个函数f(x)是f(x)=x2﹣1.【解答】解:“若存在x0,使得f(﹣x0)=﹣f(x0),则f(x)不是偶函数”为假命题,例如:f(x)=x2﹣1.当x=﹣1时,满足f(﹣1)=0,f(1)=0,满足存在x0,使得f(﹣x0)=﹣f(x0),但是函数f(x)是偶函数,故答案为:f(x)=x2﹣1.14.(5分)已知函数.(1)当a=1时,函数f(x)的值域是R;(2)若函数f(x)的图象与直线y=a只有一个公共点,则实数a的取值范围是[0,1]【解答】解:(1)当a=1时,即当x≤1时,f(x)=﹣x2+2x=﹣(x﹣1)2+1≤1,当x>1时,f(x)=x>1,综上所述当a=1时,函数f(x)的值域是R,(2)由f(x)=﹣x2+2x=﹣(x﹣1)2+1,其对称轴x=1,当a>1时,根据f(x)=﹣x2+2x的图象,存在直线y=a没有交点;当0≤a≤1时,根据f(x)=﹣x2+2x的图象和f(x)=x,存在直线y=a只有一个交点当a<0时,根据f(x)=﹣x2+2x的图象和f(x)=x,存在直线y=a没有交点;要使函数f(x)的图象与直线y=a只有一个公共点,则实数a的取值范围是[0,1];故答案为:R;[0,1].三、解答题共6小题,共80分.解答应写出文字说明、演算步骤或证明过程.15.(13分)已知函数.(Ⅰ)求f(0)的值;(Ⅱ)求函数f(x)的单调递增区间.【解答】解:(Ⅰ)函数.当x=0时,可得f(0)=(Ⅱ)由函数==sinx+cosx=sin(x+)令x+得:≤x≤∵x,∴函数f(x)的单调递增区间[,),k∈Z.16.(13分)设{a n}是等比数列,其前n项的和为S n,且a2=2,S2﹣3a1=0.(Ⅰ)求{a n}的通项公式;(Ⅱ)若S n+a n≥48,求n的最小值.【解答】解:(1)设等比数列的公比q,∵S2﹣3a1=0,∴a2=2a1=2,∴q=2,a1=1,∴=2n﹣1(2)∵S n==2n﹣1,∵S n+a n=2n﹣1+2n﹣1=3•2n﹣1﹣1≥48,∴3•2n﹣1≥49,∴,∴n≥6即n的最小值6.17.(13分)如图,在四边形ABCD中,AB=4,BC=5,AC=7,∠B+∠D=π.(Ⅰ)求cosD的值;(Ⅱ)若AC是∠DAB的角平分线,求DC的长.【解答】解:(Ⅰ)∵在△ABC中,AB=4,BC=5,AC=7,∴由余弦定理可得cos∠B===﹣,∵∠B+∠D=π,∴cos∠D=cos(π﹣∠B)=﹣cos∠B=.(Ⅱ)∵AC是∠DAB的角平分线,∴∠DAC=∠BAC,∴由正弦定理,在△ABC中,有,在△ADC中,有,∵sin∠ABC=sin∠DAC,且sin∠B=sin(π﹣∠D)=sin∠D,∴DC=BC,∴DC=5.18.(14分)已知函数f(x)=x3+x2+ax﹣1.(Ⅰ)当a=﹣1时,求函数f(x)的单调区间;(Ⅱ)求证:直线y=ax﹣1是曲线y=f(x)的切线;(Ⅲ)写出a的一个值,使得函数f(x)有三个不同零点(只需直接写出数值)【解答】(Ⅰ)解:函数f(x)=x3+x2+ax﹣1的定义域为(﹣∞,+∞),当a=﹣1时,f(x)=x3+x2﹣x﹣1,∴f′(x)=3x2+2x﹣1,令f′(x)=0,得x1=﹣1,x2=,当x变化时,f′(x),f(x)的变化情况如下表:)∴函数f(x)的单调递增区间为(﹣∞,﹣1),(,+∞),单调递减区间为(﹣1,);(Ⅱ)证明:∵f′(x)=3x2+2x+a,令f′(x)=)=3x2+2x+a=a,解得x1=0,x2=,而f(0)=﹣1,曲线y=f(x)在点(0,f(0))处的切线方程为y+1=a(x﹣0),即y=ax﹣1,∴无论a为何值,直线y=ax﹣1是曲线y=f(x)在点(0,f(0))处的切线;(Ⅲ)解:取a的值为﹣2.19.(13分)已知数列{a n}的前n项和为S n,且.(Ⅰ)求a1,a2,a3的值;<a2+a4+a6+…+a2n.(Ⅱ)求证:a1+a3+a5+…+a2n+1【解答】(I)解:∵.∴a1=S1=1﹣1=0,a1+a2=22+1,a1+a2+a3=32﹣1,联立解得:a1=0,a2=5,a3=3.(II)证明:n≥2时,a n=S n﹣S n﹣1=n2+(﹣1)n﹣[(n﹣1)2+(﹣1)n﹣1]=2n﹣1+2(﹣1)n.当n为偶数时,a n=2n+1;当n为奇数时,a n=2n﹣3(n>1).=0+3+7+……+2(2n+1)﹣3==2n2+n.∴a1+a3+a5+…+a2n+1a2+a4+a6+…+a2n=5+9+……+(2n+1)==2n2+3n.∵2n2+3n﹣(2n2+n)=2n>0.∴a1+a3+a5+…+a2n<a2+a4+a6+…+a2n.+120.(14分)已知函数.(Ⅰ)求函数f(x)的极值;(Ⅱ)求证:存在x0,使得f(x0)<1.【解答】解:(Ⅰ)函数f(x)的定义域是(0,+∞)且m≠0,f′(x)=,令f′(x)=0,解得:x=﹣或x=,当m>0时,x,f′(x),f(x)的变化如下:)故函数f(x)在x=处取得极小值f()=,当m<0时,当x变化时,f′(x),f(x)的变化情况如下:(﹣)故函数f(x)在x=﹣处取得极大值f(﹣)=+;(Ⅱ)当m<0时,由(Ⅰ)知,f(x)的最小值是f()=,存在x0,使得f(x 0)<1⇔f()<1,则f()﹣1=,设g(x)=lnx﹣x,则g′(x)=,令g′(x)>0,解得:0<x<1,令g′(x)<0,解得:x>1,故g(x)在(0,1)递增,在(1,+∞)递减,=g(1)=﹣1<0,故g(x)最大值故f()﹣1<0,原结论成立.。
北京市海淀区2018-2019学年高三上学期期中考试物理反馈试题PDF版含答案
海淀区2018-2019学年高三年级第一学期期中练习物理反馈试题最新试卷十年寒窗苦,踏上高考路,心态放平和,信心要十足,面对考试卷,下笔如有神,短信送祝福,愿你能高中,马到功自成,金榜定最新试卷多少汗水曾洒下,多少期待曾播种,终是在高考交卷的一刹尘埃落地,多少记忆梦中惦记,多少青春付与流水,人生,总有一次这样的成败,才算长大。
题名。
1A .如图1所示,用三段不可伸长的同种轻质细绳OA 、OB 、OC 共同悬挂一重物使其静止,其中OA 与竖直方向的夹角为30°,OB 沿水平方向,A 端、B 端固定。
若逐渐增加C 端所挂物体的质量,则最先断的绳(A )A .必定是OAB .必定是OBC .必定是OCD .OA 、OB 、OC 同时1B .如图1所示,用三段不可伸长的轻质细绳OA 、OB 、OC 共同悬挂一重物使其静止,其中OA 绳与水平之间的夹角为θ,OB 绳是水平的,A 端、B 端固定。
若分别用F A 和F B 表示OA 和OB 绳上的拉力大小,则下列判断中正确的是(B )A .F A =mg cos θB .F B =mgcot θC .F A =mgsin θD .F B =mg/sin θ1C .如图1所示,用三段不可伸长的轻质细绳OA 、OB 、OC 共同悬挂一重物使其静止,其中A 端固定,OA 绳与水平之间的夹角为θ。
最初OB 绳是水平的,现保持θ角不变,将OB 绳的B 端逐渐向上移动,在B 端到达O 点正上方的过程中,若分别用F A 和F B 表示OA 和OB 绳上的拉力大小,则下列判断中正确的是(D )A .F A 先变大后变小,FB 先变小后变大B .F A 先变小后变大,F B 先变小后变大C .F A 一直变小,F B 先变大后变小D .F A 一直变小,F B 先变小后变大2.在2016年的夏季奥运会上,我国跳水运动员获得多枚奖牌,为祖国赢得荣誉。
高台跳水比赛时,运动员起跳后在空中做出各种动作,最后沿竖直方向进入水中。
2018-2019学年度北京市海淀区高三地理期中试题及答案
海淀区高三年级第一学期期中练习地理2018.11 本试卷共8页,满分100分。
考试时长90分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题纸上,在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后,将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题共40分)本卷共20小题,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
请将所选答案前的代表字母填写在答题纸上(每小题2分,多选、错选、漏选,该小题均不得分)。
科学家预测在2019年至2020年太阳表面将再度出现“无黑子”现象,又称为“白太阳”,预示着太阳活动将进入“极小期”。
据此,回答第1题。
1.“白太阳”现象持续期间,①全球降水均增多,洪涝灾害更加频繁②极地附近出现“极光”的范围将扩大③地球磁场受到的干扰减弱,磁暴减少④太阳活动对无线电短波通讯干扰减弱A.①②B.②④C.①③D.③④2018年9月3日至5日,中非合作论坛北京峰会顺利召开。
图1为非洲部分地区年平均气温和年降水量分布图。
读图,回答第2、3题。
图 12.峰会期间,A.北京比金沙萨正午太阳高度角大B.北京昼长夜短,昼渐短,夜渐长C.北京日出东南,比开普敦日出早D.地球公转和自转速度都逐渐减慢3.图示区域A.年降水量自西向东逐渐增加B.年平均气温自南向北逐渐降低C.甲地受寒流的影响,降温明显D.乙地受东南季风影响,降水丰富图2中的4条曲线反映R地某日近地面观测的辐射和温度随时间变化情况。
其中,太阳总辐射强度是指到达地面的太阳短波总辐射强度,地面净辐射强度是指地面收入与支出辐射差额的强度。
读图,回答第4—6题。
图 24.影响R地该日太阳总辐射强度变化的主要因素有①太阳高度②气候类型③地形特点④地表温度⑤云量变化A.①②③B.②③④C.①③⑤D.②④⑤5.图中曲线与地面净辐射强度、近地面大气温度、地表温度依次对应的是A.甲、乙、丙B.乙、丙、甲C.丙、乙、甲D.甲、丙、乙6.此次的观测地点和时段可能是A.西欧平原,3、4月份B.撒哈拉沙漠,7、8月份C.青藏高原,5、6月份D.准噶尔盆地,10、11月份图3为世界部分地区三圈环流示意图,图中箭头表示气流的运动方向。
2018-2019学年北京市海淀区高三(上)期中物理试卷
2018-2019 学年北京市海淀区高三(上)期中物理试卷副标题题号一二三四五总分得分一、单选题(本大题共 4 小题,共12.0 分)1.如图所示,一条不可伸长的轻绳一端固定于悬点O,另一端连接着一个质量为 m 的小球。
在水平力 F 的作用下,小球处于静止状态,轻绳与竖直方向的夹角为θ,已知重力加速度为 g,则下列说法正确的是()A. 绳的拉力大小为mgtan θB. 绳的拉力大小为 mgcos θC. 水平力F大小为mgtanθD. 水平力F大小为mgcosθ2.一列简谐横波沿 x 轴传播,某时刻的波形如图所示,其中a、 b、 c 为三个质点,此时质点 a 在平衡位置,且向上运动,由此可知下列说法正确的是()A. 该波沿x轴正方向传播B. a的振幅为零C. 该时刻以后,b和c始终有相同的加速度D. 该时刻以后,c比b先到平衡位置3.在“验证力的平行四边形定则”实验中,将轻质小圆环挂在橡皮条的一端,橡皮条的另一端固定在水平木板上的A点,圆环上有绳套。
实验中先用两个弹簧测力计分别勾住绳套,并互成角度地拉圆环,将圆环拉至某一位置O,如图所示。
再只用一个弹簧测力计,通过绳套把圆环拉到与前面相同的位置O.关于此实验,下列说法正确的是()A.橡皮条、弹簧测力计和绳应位于与纸面平行的同一平面内B.实验中只需记录弹簧测力计的示数C. 用平行四边形定则求得的合力方向一定沿AO 方向D. 两弹簧测力计之间的夹角应取90°,以便计算合力的大小4.某同学以一定的初速度竖直向上抛出一小球。
以抛出点为零势能点,不计空气阻力,小球可视为质点,图 7 所示图线中,能反映小球从抛出到落回抛出点的过程中,其动能Ek 或重力势能E p随时间 t 变化关系的是()A. B.C. D.二、多选题(本大题共 6 小题,共 18.0 分)5.如图所示, 水平放置的转盘以角速度 ω匀速转动, 放在转 盘上的质量为 m 的小物体跟着转盘一起做匀速圆周运动。
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2018-2019北京市海淀区高三上学期期中考试一、单项选择题(共14小题;共28分)1. 中国传统文化中包括许多科技知识。
下列古语中不涉及化学变化的是A. B. C. D.2. 我们的地球被大气包围着,大气质量与人类健康息息相关。
下列说法不正确的是A. 吸烟产生的尼古丁可造成室内空气污染B. 向煤中加入适量石灰石可减少的排放C. 含放射性元素的天然建材一定不会造成室内空气污染D. 催化转化器可有效降低汽车尾气中、等的排放3. 下列说法正确的是A. 的电子式为B. 只含有离子键C. 质量数为的原子符号为D. 用电子式表示的形成过程:4. 食盐在不同分散剂中形成不同分散系。
分散系:食盐分散在水中形成无色透明溶液分散系:食盐分散在乙醇中形成无色透明胶体下列说法正确的是A. 分散系中只有两种离子B. 分散系为电解质C. 可用丁达尔现象区分两个分散系D. 两个分散系中分散质粒子直径相同5. 下列解释事实的方程式正确的是A. 用碳酸氢钠治疗胃酸过多:B. 用氨水吸收烟气中的二氧化硫:C. 把金属钠放入冷水中产生气体:D. 用氢氧化钠溶液可以溶解氢氧化铝固体:6. 过氧化氢分解反应过程中,能量变化如图所示:下列说法正确的是A. 催化剂可以改变分解反应的焓变B. 或可以催化分解反应C. 催化剂不能改变反应路径D. 分解是吸热反应7. 下列关于元素周期表应用的说法正确的是A. 为元素性质的系统研究提供指导,为新元素的发现提供线索B. 在金属与非金属的交界处,寻找可做催化剂的合金材料C. 在、族元素中,寻找制造农药的主要元素D. 在过渡元素中,可以找到半导体材料8. 我国工业废水中几种污染物及其最高允许排放浓度如下表。
下列说法不正确的是注:我国规定酸、碱废水的最大允许排放标准是大于、小于。
A. 、、是重金属离子B. 对于的废水可用中和法处理C. 将转化为是用氧化还原的方法D. 在含有的废水中加入,可使转变沉淀而除去9. 将溶液和溶液混合,达到平衡后溶液呈红色。
再将混合液当分为份,分别进行如下实验:下列说法不正确的是A. 对比实验①和②,为了证明增加反应物浓度,平衡发生正向移动B. 对比实验①和③,为了证明增加生成物浓度,平衡发生逆向移动C. 对比实验①和④,为了证明增加反应物浓度,平衡发生正向移动D. 对比实验①和⑤,为了证明减少反应物浓度,平衡发生逆向移动10. 根据如下实验:①向和的混合液中加入过量铁粉,充分反应,有红色固体析出,过滤。
②取①中滤液,向其中滴加溶液,观察现象。
判断下列说法正确的是A. 氧化性B. ①中所得固体只含铜C. ①中滤液含有和D. ②中不会观察到溶液变红11. 元素周期表隐含着许多信息和规律。
以下所涉及的元素均为中学化学中常见的短周期元素,其原子半径及主要化合价列表如下,其中用于呼吸面具或潜水艇中作为氧气来源。
下列说法正确的是A. 、的最高价氧化物对应水化物的酸性B. 、、的单质失去电子能力最强的是C. 与形成的是离子化合物D. 、、都在第周期12. 处理含氰()废水涉及以下反应,其中无毒的中碳元素为价。
(未配平)反应反应下列说法正确的是A. 反应中碳元素被还原B. 反应中为氧化产物C. 处理过程中,每产生,消耗D. 反应中与按物质的量之比进行反应13. 生产硫酸的主要反应:。
图中、可分别代表压强或温度。
下列说法正确的是A. 代表压强B. 推断C. 、两点对应的平衡常数相同D. 一定温度下,当混合气中,则反应一定达到平衡14. 丁烯()是制备线性低密度聚乙烯()的原料之一,可由丁烷()催化脱氢制备,。
该工艺过程中生产的副产物有炭()、、、等。
进料比和温度对丁烯产率的影响如图、图所示。
已知原料气中氢气的作用是活化固体催化剂。
下列分析正确的是A. 氢气的作用是活化固体催化剂,改变氢气量不会影响丁烯的产率B. 丁烷催化脱氢是吸热反应,丁烯的产率随温度升高而不断增大C. 随温度升高丁烯裂解生成的副产物增多,会影响丁烯的产率D. 一定温度下,控制进料比越小,越有利于提高丁烯的产率二、非选择题(共6小题;共70分)15. 工业上利用铁的氧化物在高温条件下循环裂解水制氢气的流程如图所示。
(1)反应的化学方程式为:,反应的化学方程式为,对比反应、,铁的氧化物在循环裂解水制氢气过程中的作用是。
用化学方程式表示反应、、的总结果:。
(2)反应为:。
为了提高达平衡后的产量,理论上可以采取的合理措施有(任写一条措施)。
(3)上述流程中铁的氧化物可用来制备含有的刻蚀液。
用刻蚀液刻蚀铜板时,可观察到溶液颜色逐渐变蓝,该反应的离子方程式为。
刻蚀液使用一段时间后会失效,先加酸,再加入过氧化氢溶液,可实现刻蚀液中的再生,该反应的离子方程式为。
(4)上述流程中碳的氧化物可用来制备碳酰肼[ ,其中碳元素为价]。
加热条件下,碳酰肼能将锅炉内表面锈蚀后的氧化铁转化为结构紧密的四氧化三铁保护层,并生成氮气、水和二氧化碳。
该反应的化学方程式为。
16. 某化学兴趣小组探究与的反应,设计了如图所示实验装置,其中为实验前压瘪的气囊。
资料:除浅黄色的难溶于水外,其余亚硝酸盐均易溶于水。
(1)写出中反应的化学方程式:。
(2)将装置补充完整,并标明试剂。
(3)用无水除去水蒸气的目的是。
(4)反应一段时间后,处有烫手的感觉,其中固体由淡黄色变为白色,直至颜色不再变化时,气囊始终没有明显鼓起。
①学生依据反应现象和氧化还原反应规律推断固体产物为。
写出该反应的化学方程式:。
②设计实验证明的生产,实验方案是。
(写出操作、现象和结论)17. 氯是海水中含量丰富的元素,氯的单质及其化合物在生产、生活领域应用广泛。
(1)自来水厂常用液氯进行杀菌消毒。
氯气溶于水发生的可逆反应为(用离子方程式表示)。
(2)用液氯消毒会产生微量有机氯代物,危害人体健康,可以使用二氧化氯()代替液氯。
工业上以黄铁矿()、氯酸钠()和硫酸溶液混合制备二氧化氯气体。
已知黄铁矿中的硫元素价)最终氧化成,写出制备二氧化氯的离子方程式:。
(3)生产漂白粉工厂的主要设备是氯化塔,塔从上到下分为四层,如图为生产流程示意图。
生产漂白粉反应的化学方程式为。
实际生产中,将石灰乳(含有水分的熟石灰)从塔顶喷洒而下,氯气从塔的最底层通入。
这样加料的目的是。
(4)用莫尔法可以测定溶液中的的含量。
莫尔法是一种沉淀滴定法,用标准溶液滴定待测液,以为指示剂,滴定终点的现象是溶液中出现砖红色沉淀()。
已知平衡,该滴定过程需要控制范围在,若小于会使测定结果偏高。
结合平衡移动原理解释偏高的原因:。
18. 某学习小组学习了亚铁盐的性质后,欲探究溶液分别与溶液的反应。
已知:和均为白色沉淀,不存在。
实验操作及现象记录如下:(1)甲同学认为实验中白色颗粒状沉淀是,写出该反应的离子方程式;他为了证实自己的观点,进行实验:取少量白色颗粒状沉淀,加入,发现产生大量气泡。
(2)乙同学推测实验的白色颗粒状沉淀中还可能含有,他将实验中两种溶液体积均改成后再进行实验,证实了他的推测。
能证明存在的实验现象是。
(3)实验中白色颗粒状沉淀主要成分也为,写出生成的离子方程式:。
(4)实验中液面上方试管内壁粘附的白色颗粒状沉淀物变成红褐色,主要原因是潮湿的被氧气氧化,写出该反应的化学方程式:。
(5)乙同学反思,实验中含有,实验中几乎不含有,对比分析出现差异的原因是。
19. 市售食盐常有无碘盐和加碘盐(含和少量的)。
(1)某同学设计检验食盐是否为加碘盐的定性实验方法:①取待检食盐溶于水,加入稀硫酸酸化,再加入过量的溶液,振荡。
②为验证①中有生成,向上述混合液中加入少量充分振荡后,静置。
①若为加碘盐,则①中发生反应的离子方程式为。
②②中的实验操作名称是。
③实验过程中能证明食盐含的现象是。
(2)碘摄入过多或者过少都会增加患甲状腺疾病的风险。
目前国家标准()所用的食盐中碘含量测定方法:①用饱和溴水将碘盐中少量的氧化成。
②再加入甲酸发生反应:。
③在酸性条件下,加入过量,使之与完全反应。
④以淀粉作指示剂,用标准溶液进行滴定,测定碘元素的含量。
①①中反应的离子方程式为。
②测定食盐碘含量过程中,与的物质的量之比为。
③有人提出为简化操作将①、②省略,但这样会造成测定结果偏低。
请分析偏低的原因:。
20. 将甘油()转化成高附加值产品是当前热点研究方向,如甘油和水蒸气、氧气经催化重整或部分催化可制得氢气,反应主要过程如下:(1)下列说法正确的是(填字母序号)。
a、消耗等量的甘油,反应的产氢率最高b、消耗等量的甘油,反应的放热最显著c、经过计算得到反应的d、理论上,通过调控甘油、水蒸气、氧气的用量比例可以实现自热重整反应,即焓变约为,这体现了科研工作者对吸热反应和放热反应的联合应用(2)研究人员经过反复试验,实际生产中将反应设定在较高温度()进行,选择该温度范围的原因有:催化剂活性和选择性高、。
(3)研究人员发现,反应的副产物很多,主要含有、、、、、等,为了显著提高氢气的产率,采取以下两个措施。
①首要抑制产生甲烷的副反应。
从原子利用率角度分析其原因:。
②用吸附增强制氢。
如图所示,请解释加入的原因:。
(4)制备高效的催化剂是这种制氢方法能大规模应用于工业的重要因素。
通常将分散在高比表面的载体(、、)上以提高催化效率。
分别用三种催化剂进行实验,持续通入原料气,在一段时间内多次取样,绘制甘油转化率与时间的关系如图所示。
①结合图分析催化剂具有的优点是。
②研究发现造成催化效率随时间下降的主要原因是副反应产生的大量碳粉(积碳)包裹催化剂,通过加入微量的、可循环利用的氧化镧()可有效减少积碳。
其反应机理包括两步:第一部为:第二步为:(写出化学反应方程式)。
答案第一部分1. A2. C3. D4. C5. D6. B7. A8. C9. B10. D11. A12. D13. B14. C第二部分15. (1);催化剂;(2)升高温度、减小压强、移走、加入等(3);(4)16. (1)(2)(3)防止水蒸气与反应,干扰实验(4)①②取少量管中的固体于试管中,加水溶解,再加入溶液,若生成浅黄色沉淀,则有生成。
17. (1)(2)(3);充分接触(或充分吸收)(4),提高,平衡逆向移动,降低,导致生成(砖红色)沉淀所需更大,消耗的硝酸银量增多,使测得的的含量偏高18. (1);稀硫酸(或稀盐酸等)(2)沉淀颜色由白色变为灰绿色,最终变为红褐色(3)(4)(5)混合以后,虽然实验中比实验中以()大,但溶液的碱性(或水解程度)比溶液的强19. (1)①②萃取③②中溶液分为上下两层,上层颜色变浅,下层变为紫红色(2)①②③碘盐中还有的少量末被氧化成,造成食盐中部分碘元素未计入测定,在③中生成的就会减少,④中消耗的标准溶液的体积会减少,使测得的的量会减少,所以食盐中碘含量也会减少20. (1) abcd(2)升高温度反应速率加快(3)①在所有副产物中,中原子个数比最高(或元素含量最高),若生成,相当于的利用率最低②结合生成,使的浓度降低,反应平衡正移,产率提高(4)①催化效率高,稳定性高/催化剂寿命长②。