航空器外部灯光

①红色防撞灯

红色防撞灯又叫做信标灯，只要飞机动就必开。分别安装在飞机的上下中部，各一支，以一定的频率爆破闪烁。用途是防止航空器相撞。

②机翼灯

位于机翼每侧的两个单光束灯光，用来照明机翼前缘及发动机进气口，以便检查结冰情况。此灯在有结冰可能时应打开。

③航行灯

在世界航空史上，发生过两机相撞事故。为了尽量避免这类事故，航空工程技术人员给飞机装上了特殊的航灯──红、绿、白航行灯。

这三色航行灯，世界各国有统一规定：顺着飞机飞行的方向看去，左翼尖上有红灯，右翼尖上有绿灯，垂尾顶端则为白灯。从飞行员的位置来看，简单地讲就是左红、右绿、尾白。之所以选择红、绿、白三种颜色，是因为它们在漆黑的夜里非常醒目，而且相互之间的差别很大，不会混淆。三盏灯可以连续燃亮，也可以间隙燃亮。如果飞行员看见前方飞机的航灯是左红右绿尾白，则知道它与自己的飞机顺航，也是向前飞行，只要保持一定距离便不会相撞。如果看见前方飞机的航灯为左绿右红，便知道它是朝自己的方向飞来，应立即采取避让措施，以免发生撞机事故。

④机头灯

此灯安装在前起落架上，用于滑行道及跑道的前照明，飞机起飞后关闭。前起落架收起时，自动关闭。

⑤着陆灯

晚上，飞机在快着陆时一般会打开着陆灯。此灯安装在两侧机翼翼根，左右各两只。用于起飞着陆时照亮跑道。此灯功率很大，使用时产热很高，因此需要高速气流进行冷却。因而在地面起飞前才能打开。飞机着陆时，这些灯就沿飞机的下滑线方向成一定角度照向跑道，方便飞行员看清地面，纠正与跑道的偏角，做好着陆动作。

⑥跑道脱离灯

又叫转弯灯或跑道边灯。安装在前起落架减震支柱上，左右各一，分别提供对机头前方两侧照明。用于照明滑行道、跑道边线。起飞后关闭。前起落架收起时自动关闭。启动发动机后打开，另外用途为夜间示意地勤人员准备滑出。

⑦高亮度白色频闪灯

又叫做高亮度白色防撞灯。此灯安装在翼稍前后各一及尾椎一只，波音飞机安装在左右翼稍后尖各一只，尾椎一只共3只，空客飞机安装在左右机翼前后翼尖及尾椎，共5只。用途是防止航空器相撞。此灯以一定的频率爆破闪烁，亮度很高。此灯只有得到进跑道许可后才可以打开。落地脱离跑道前要关闭此灯。

由于飞机种类很多，机上灯光的使用和安装位置差别很大，但航行灯、着陆灯、滑行灯是各类飞机必备的灯光设备。

Aircraft Lights & Beacons What is the purpose of the lights on the outside of a plane?

I assume you are referring to the lights located along the exterior of most aircraft, particularly commercial airliners. Planes are equipped with a variety of lights that are used for navigation, safety, and to improve visibility during flight or when taxiing on the ground. Some of the most important exterior lights carried by commercial airliners can be seen in the below photo of a Boeing 737.

Boeing 737 showing common type s of lights pla ced on aircraft

The external lights on aircraft fall into two general categories. The first is navigation lights or beacons that are always illuminated while the aircraft is in operation. A second type includes takeoff and landing lights that are used to improve visibility when the plane is close to or on the ground. Several of these lights are discussed in greater detail below.

Navigation lights: All aircraft are equipped with a steady light near the leading edge of each wingtip. When facing forward from the perspective of the pilot, the light on the right wingtip is green while that on the left wing is red. The different colors make it possible for an outside observer, such as the pilot of another aircraft, to determine which direction the plane is flying. These navigation lights are most useful at night when it is more difficult to tell the direction the plane is going without them.

Navigation or Position lights: In addition to the red and green lights, most planes are also fitted with other steady white navigation lights in various locations. Large airliners, in particular, will often have such lighting on the