航空器外部灯光

①红色防撞灯红色防撞灯又叫做信标灯，只要飞机动就必开。

分别安装在飞机的上下中部，各一支，以一定的频率爆破闪烁。

用途是防止航空器相撞。

②机翼灯位于机翼每侧的两个单光束灯光，用来照明机翼前缘及发动机进气口，以便检查结冰情况。

此灯在有结冰可能时应打开。

③航行灯在世界航空史上，发生过两机相撞事故。

为了尽量避免这类事故，航空工程技术人员给飞机装上了特殊的航灯──红、绿、白航行灯。

这三色航行灯，世界各国有统一规定：顺着飞机飞行的方向看去，左翼尖上有红灯，右翼尖上有绿灯，垂尾顶端则为白灯。

从飞行员的位置来看，简单地讲就是左红、右绿、尾白。

之所以选择红、绿、白三种颜色，是因为它们在漆黑的夜里非常醒目，而且相互之间的差别很大，不会混淆。

三盏灯可以连续燃亮，也可以间隙燃亮。

如果飞行员看见前方飞机的航灯是左红右绿尾白，则知道它与自己的飞机顺航，也是向前飞行，只要保持一定距离便不会相撞。

如果看见前方飞机的航灯为左绿右红，便知道它是朝自己的方向飞来，应立即采取避让措施，以免发生撞机事故。

④机头灯此灯安装在前起落架上，用于滑行道及跑道的前照明，飞机起飞后关闭。

前起落架收起时，自动关闭。

⑤着陆灯晚上，飞机在快着陆时一般会打开着陆灯。

此灯安装在两侧机翼翼根，左右各两只。

用于起飞着陆时照亮跑道。

此灯功率很大，使用时产热很高，因此需要高速气流进行冷却。

因而在地面起飞前才能打开。

飞机着陆时，这些灯就沿飞机的下滑线方向成一定角度照向跑道，方便飞行员看清地面，纠正与跑道的偏角，做好着陆动作。

⑥跑道脱离灯又叫转弯灯或跑道边灯。

安装在前起落架减震支柱上，左右各一，分别提供对机头前方两侧照明。

用于照明滑行道、跑道边线。

起飞后关闭。

前起落架收起时自动关闭。

启动发动机后打开，另外用途为夜间示意地勤人员准备滑出。

⑦高亮度白色频闪灯又叫做高亮度白色防撞灯。

此灯安装在翼稍前后各一及尾椎一只，波音飞机安装在左右翼稍后尖各一只，尾椎一只共3只，空客飞机安装在左右机翼前后翼尖及尾椎，共5只。

用途是防止航空器相撞。

此灯以一定的频率爆破闪烁，亮度很高。

此灯只有得到进跑道许可后才可以打开。

落地脱离跑道前要关闭此灯。

由于飞机种类很多，机上灯光的使用和安装位置差别很大，但航行灯、着陆灯、滑行灯是各类飞机必备的灯光设备。

Aircraft Lights & Beacons What is the purpose of the lights on the outside of a plane?I assume you are referring to the lights located along the exterior of most aircraft, particularly commercial airliners. Planes are equipped with a variety of lights that are used for navigation, safety, and to improve visibility during flight or when taxiing on the ground. Some of the most important exterior lights carried by commercial airliners can be seen in the below photo of a Boeing 737.Boeing 737 showing common type s of lights pla ced on aircraftThe external lights on aircraft fall into two general categories. The first is navigation lights or beacons that are always illuminated while the aircraft is in operation. A second type includes takeoff and landing lights that are used to improve visibility when the plane is close to or on the ground. Several of these lights are discussed in greater detail below.Navigation lights: All aircraft are equipped with a steady light near the leading edge of each wingtip. When facing forward from the perspective of the pilot, the light on the right wingtip is green while that on the left wing is red. The different colors make it possible for an outside observer, such as the pilot of another aircraft, to determine which direction the plane is flying. These navigation lights are most useful at night when it is more difficult to tell the direction the plane is going without them.Navigation or Position lights: In addition to the red and green lights, most planes are also fitted with other steady white navigation lights in various locations. Large airliners, in particular, will often have such lighting on thetrailing edge of each wingtip. These lights are also sometimes placed along the trailing edges of the horizontal tail. Another popular location is at the very aft end of the fuselage or at the top of the vertical tail. One of these latter lights placed along the aircraft centerline is especially common on smaller airliners and commuter planes. Whatever the location, the purpose of these steady white lights is to improve the plane's visibility from behind the aircraft.Anti-Collision Beacon lights: Two beacon lights are fitted to aircraft near the center of the fuselage. One is located on top of the fuselage and the other on the bottom. These lights are colored reddish orange and rotate to produce a flashing effect. The beacons are turned on just before the engines are started and they remain active until the last engine is shut down. The beacons help to serve as a safety warning to ground personnel that the engines are operational.Strobe lights: High-intensity strobe lights that flash a white-colored light are located on each wingtip. Most smaller planes are only equipped with one of these strobes near the leading edge just behind the red or green navigation light. Larger airliners may be equipped with an additional strobe at the trailing edge as well. These flashing lights are very bright and inte nded to attract attention during flight. They are sometimes also used on the runway and during taxi to make the plane more conspicuous.Logo lights: These lights are not required but are common on most commercial aircraft. The lights are usually located on the surface of or at the tips of the horizontal stabilizer. The steady white lights are used to illuminate the company's logo painted on the vertical tail. While useful for advertising, the primary purpose of these lights is safety since the bright lights help to make the plane more visible.Explanation of the lights used on the MD-11Wing lights: Many airliners feature lights along the root of the wing leading edge that can be used to illuminate the wing and engine pylons in flight. These lights may be used to make the plane more visible during takeoff and landing or to inspect the wings for damage in flight. Pilots can also use the wing lights to inspect the wings and slats for any ice accretion that might build up when flying through clouds.Taxi lights: A bright white lamp is located on the nose landing gear strut of most planes. This light is typically turned on whenever the aircraft is in motion on the ground for greater visibility during taxi, takeoff, and landing.Landing lights: Bright white landing lights are usually fitted to most planes for enhanced visibility during the landing approach. These lights can also be used to illuminate the runway at poorly lit airports. They are often required for nightlandings but also commonly used during the day as well to make the plane more noticeable. While the usage of these lights is common, their location can vary from plane to plane. Landing lights may be located in the wing root, in the outboard wing, or somewhere along the forward fuselage. Some aircraft are equipped with multiple sets of landing lights in more than one of these locations. The 737, for example, has inboard landing lights located in the wing root as well as outboard landing lights in the outboard flap fairings.Runway Turnoff lights: Usually located in the leading edge of the wing root, these bright white lamps are intended to provide side and forward lighting during taxi and when turning off the runway. These lights are most useful at poorly lit airports but are usually unnecessary. The lights can also be used in flight if greater visibility is required.Wheel Well lights: Some planes are equipped with additional lights in the nose and main gear wheel wells. These lights are provided primarily to assist ground personnel in making pre-flight inspections of a plane at night.Taxi, landing, and turnoff lights visible on the Boeing 777The locations of some of these lights can be seen in the above photo of a Boeing 777.。