非谓语动词语法讲解
高考英语重难点语法讲解 非谓语动词
高考英语重难点语法讲解非谓语动词高考英语重难点语法讲解-非谓语动词高中语法——非限定动词一、非谓语动词种类在英语中，不充当句子谓语但具有除谓语以外的其他语法功能的动词称为非谓语动词。
非限定动词有动词不定式（theinfinitive）；动名词（thegerund）；现在分词（thepresentparticiple）；过去分词（thepastparticiple）。
二、分类：（1）不定式的形式：主动被动一般式towritetobewritten进行式tobewriting/完成式tohavewrittentohavebeenwritten否定式not+(to)do1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，例如：i’mgladtomeetyou.heseemstoknowalot.weplantopayavisit.hewantstobeanartist.患者要求进行一次手术。
theteacherorderedtheworktobedone.2）进行式：不定式的进行式所代表的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，例如：男孩继续努力工作heseemstobereadinginhisroom.3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前，例如：iregrettedtohave toldalieihappenedtohaveseenthefilm.heispleasedtohavemethisfriend.（2）动名词的形式：voice 1式一般式完成式否定式1）一般式：主动语态“什么都没做”+动名词被动语态“被看见”就是“看见”就是“相信”。
2）被动式：他没被邀请就去了派对。
他没有被邀请就来参加聚会了。
3）完成式：我们记得看过这部电影。
我们记得看过这部电影。
4）完成被动式：他在五年前卖掉了肯托广州的啤酒。
他忘了五岁时被带到广州。
5）否定：不+动名词iregretnotfollowinghisadvice.我后悔没听他的劝告。
英语语法非谓语动词讲解超全超实用
英语语法非谓语动词讲解超全超实用在英语语法中，非谓语动词是指在句子中不能独立充当谓语，而是通过与其他词语搭配来发挥作用的动词形式。
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。
本文将对这三种非谓语动词进行详细的讲解，帮助读者更好地理解和运用。
一、动词不定式1.定义和形式：动词不定式是由动词原形加上"to"构成的形式，表示不完整的动作或状态。
例如：to eat, to dance。
2.用途和功能：（1）作主语：动词不定式可以作为句子的主语，常放在句首。
例如：To learn a new language is challenging.（2）作宾语：动词不定式可以作为及物动词的宾语，表示动作的目的或意图。
例如：I want to learn English.（3）作表语：动词不定式可以作为系动词的表语，表示身份、偏好、目的等。
例如：Her dream is to become a doctor.（4）作定语：动词不定式可以修饰名词或代词，起到进一步说明或限定的作用。
例如：The best way to improve English is to practice more.（5）作状语：动词不定式可以表示时间、目的、方式等状语的作用。
例如：I went to the park to relax.3.特殊用法：（1）省略to：在某些情况下，不定式的to可以省略，例如在助动词let、make、help等后面。
例如：Let me go.（2）动词不定式的时态：动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，但可以根据不同的时间来使用不同的时态。
例如：I want to go shopping.（现在时态）I wanted to go shopping.（过去时态）二、动名词1.定义和形式：动名词是由动词加上-ing构成的形式，可以作为名词使用。
例如：swimming, running。
2.用途和功能：（1）作主语：动名词可以作为句子的主语，常放在句首。
初中语法 非谓语动词讲解
初中语法非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词是指动词的非谓语形式，包括动词的不定式、动名词和动词的分词形式。
在句子中，非谓语动词可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分，能够丰富句子的结构和表达方式。
一、动词不定式（Infinitive）动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，一般由动词原形加上to构成，表示一种动作或状态的概念。
1. 作主语：To learn a foreign language well is important.学好一门外语很重要。
2. 作宾语：I want to go shopping this weekend.我想这个周末去购物。
3. 作表语：Her dream is to become a doctor.她的梦想是成为一名医生。
4. 作定语：I have a book to read.我有一本要读的书。
5. 作状语：He went to the supermarket to buy some food.他去超市买些食物。
二、动名词（Gerund）动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，一般由动词原形加上-ing构成，表示名词的概念。
1. 作主语：Swimming is a good exercise.游泳是一项好的锻炼。
2. 作宾语：I like playing basketball.我喜欢打篮球。
3. 作表语：His hobby is singing songs.他的爱好是唱歌。
4. 作定语：I saw a man reading a book.我看到一个人在读书。
5. 作状语：She came here by bike.她骑车来这里。
三、分词（Participle）分词是动词的一种非谓语形式，分为现在分词（-ing形式）和过去分词（-ed形式）。
1. 现在分词作定语：The running water is very refreshing in summer.夏天流动的水非常凉快。
2. 过去分词作定语：The broken window needs to be fixed.那个破窗户需要修理。
高中英语语法非谓语动词讲解
⾼中英语语法⾮谓语动词讲解⾮谓语动词●概述⾮谓语动词，主要指在主句中表⽰⼀个动作但不能充当谓语，⽽是充当其他语法功能的词。
⾮谓语动词没有⼈称和数的变化，但是有语态和时态的变化。
●⾮谓语动词的三种形式⾮谓语动词有三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词。
这三个基本形式的基础上会有⼀些变化：1.动词不定式2.动名词3.分词●动词不定式的⽤法1.动词不定式的否定式not toShe decided not to be late again.2.动词不定式的完成式完成式表⽰的动作或状态发⽣在位于动词表⽰的动作或状态之前。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting.注意若谓语为表⽰“愿望、打算、意图”的动词时，如hope, think, want, plan, expect, mean, intend等，其后可以跟不定式的完成式表⽰“本来想要或打算做某事，⽽实际上未能实现”。
如：We meant to have stopped him from doing such a thing.征，则构成不定式符合结构的介词应为of前⾯常⽤的形容词有：kind, nice, foolish, silly, stupid, rude, cruel, wise, clever, brace, selfish, crazy, good, careful, careless, impolite, right, wrong等。
It is very kind of you to help me.区别It is important for us to learn English well.4.在某些动词后，可⽤it做形式宾语，然后加宾语补⾜语，最后加不定式作真正的并于。
常见的动词有find, think consider, feel, make等。
They find it difficult to repay the money.5.动词+不定式作宾补ask, want, invite, get, force, expect, allow, persuade, order, warn, remind order, cause, permit, forbid, advise, teach等。
非谓语动词语法讲解 ppt课件
▲C.分词的完成式一般不用来作定语，只
能用作状语.
❖ The platform having been built will be used to
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作
❖ 1.The platform built will be used to perform on. √ 定
now. (作定语） ❖ 6. Swimming in Summer ,we can get cool.
(作状语）
❖1.This cup is broken. (作表语 ❖2.This is a broken cup. (作表语） ❖3.I found the cup broken.(作宾语补足语）
不定 式
×
××
现在 × × 分词
××
过去 × × 分词
××
动名 词
×
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1.非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足
❖ 1.To see you is语gl、ad表. 语、定语、状语等.
=It’s glad to see you.
（作主语）
❖ 2.I want to see you.
(作宾语）
❖ 3.I want him to see you. （作宾补）
非谓语动词
语法讲解
I.非谓语动词时态、语态形式对照表：
及物与不及物
vt.
vi.
语态 主动语态 被动语态 主动语态
类别
时态
ing
一般式:(与谓语动词同时 发生)
完成式:(先与谓语动词之 前发生)
making
having made (不作定语）
非谓语动词语法讲解课件
03
动名词
动名词的定义
总结词
动名词是一种非谓语动词形式， 表示动作或行为的名词化表达。
详细描述
动名词在英语语法中，是将动词 转化为名词的一种形式，通常在 句子中充当名词的成分，表示某 个动作或行为。
动名词的形式
总结词
动名词有一般式、完成式和被动式三 种形式。
详细描述
动名词的一般式通常是在动词后加-ing ，表示动作正在进行或发生的状态；完 成式是在动词后加-ing并加上-ed，表 示动作已经完成；被动式是在动词后加 -ed，表示动作是被执行的状态。
详细描述
非谓语动词可以作为句子的主语、宾语、表 语、定语或状语等成分，使句子更加丰富和 多样化。通过使用非谓语动词，可以更准确 地表达动作的进行状态、被动关系以及名词 化的动作，使句子更加简洁明了。同时，非 谓语动词还可以用于表达虚拟语气、强调句 型等复杂句型，使英语表达更加丰富和有力
。
02
动词不定式
动词不定式的定义
总结词
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式，由“to + 动词原形”构成，表示将来、可 能或意向的动作。
详细描述
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式，它由“to + 动词原形”构成，表示将来、 可能或意向的动作，而不表示时态。与谓语动词相比，非谓语动词没有时态和语 态的变化。
Байду номын сангаас
动词不定式的形式
总结词
动词不定式有四种形式，分别为一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式。
详细描述
动词不定式有四种形式。一般式为“to + 动词原形”，表示将来或可能的动作；进行式为“to be + 现在分词” ，表示正在进行的动作；完成式为“to have + 过去分词”，表示已经完成的动作；完成进行式为“to have been + 现在分词”，表示已经完成的进行动作。
非谓语动词讲解语法
非谓语动词讲解语法非谓语动词是指在句子中不作谓语，而作其他成分的动词形式。
包括动词的不定式、动名词和分词。
一、不定式1. 不定式的构成方法在英语中，不定式由动词原形前加上“to”构成，构成形式为“to + 动词原形”。
2. 不定式的用途（1）作主语：To learn a foreign language is not easy.（2）作宾语：I like to swim in the sea.（3）作宾语补足语：She helped him to solve the problem.（4）作定语：I have a lot of books to read.（5）作状语：He went to the supermarket to buy some food.3. 不定式的否定形式将“to”和动词原形之间加上“not”构成否定形式。
二、动名词1. 动名词的构成方法在英语中，动名词由动词原形加上“-ing”构成。
2. 动名词的用途（1）作主语：Swimming is good for your health.（2）作宾语：She enjoys reading books.（3）作宾语补足语：I saw him walking along the street.（4）作定语：I have a running nose.（5）作状语：He studied for the exam, listening to music at the same time.3. 动名词的否定形式将动名词前加上“not”构成否定形式。
三、分词1. 分词的构成方法（1）现在分词：在动词原形后加上“-ing”构成，作形容词用。
（2）过去分词：大多数动词加上“-ed”构成，作形容词用。
2. 分词的用途（1）现在分词作定语：The running water is clear.（2）过去分词作定语：The broken vase cannot be repaired. （3）现在分词作状语：He fell asleep, snoring loudly.3. 分词短语由分词的形式与“be”动词、情态动词等构成的短语。
高中英语语法非谓语动词详解
高中英语语法非谓语动词详解高中英语语法非谓语动词详解在高级英语语法中，非谓语动词是非常重要的一部分，也是理解和掌握英语语法的关键。
非谓语动词在句子中扮演着重要的角色，可以表达不同的意思和功能。
本文将详细解释非谓语动词的定义、类型和用法，并通过实例进行分析和解释。
一、定义和类型非谓语动词指的是在句子中不作为主要动词的动词形式，它们可以表达动词本身的含义，但没有主语和谓语动词。
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种类型。
1、动词不定式：动词不定式是以“to+”动词原形构成的，表示动词的不同形式，如“to do”、“to being”、“to have done”等。
2、动名词：动名词是在动词后加上“-ing”构成的，表示动词的现在分词形式，如“playing”、“swimming”、“jumping”等。
3、分词：分词是动词的过去分词形式，分为现在分词和过去分词两种。
现在分词表示动词的动作正在进行，如“running”、“singing”、“dancing”等；过去分词表示动词的动作已经完成，如“finished”、“eaten”、“read”等。
二、非谓语动词的用法非谓语动词在句子中可以扮演不同的成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。
下面我们通过具体的例子来分析非谓语动词的用法：1、动词不定式：在句子中，动词不定式可以作为主语、宾语和状语等。
例如，“To learn English is important”（学习英语很重要）中，动词不定式“to learn English”作为主语；或者在“I want to go home”（我想回家）中，动词不定式“to go home”作为宾语。
2、动名词：在句子中，动名词可以作为主语、宾语和状语等。
例如，“Playing sports is fun”（做运动很有趣）中，动名词“Playing sports”作为主语；或者在“I enjoy listening to music”（我喜欢听音乐）中，动名词“listening to music”作为宾语。
非谓语动词语法讲解
? 1.Swimming is his favourite sport. (作主语） ? 2.He enjoys swimming. (作宾语） ? 3.I found him swimming in the river. (作宾补） ? 4.His favourite sport is swimming. (作表语） ? 5.He is the man swimming in the river just
inf 完成式:(先与谓语动词之 to have made
前发生)
进行式:(在谓语动词动作 to be making 发生时正在进行)
被动语态 主动语态
being made going
having been made (不作定语）
having gone (不作定语）
made( 表被动） gone( 表完成）
now. (作定语） ? 6. Swimming in Summer ,we can get cool.
(作状语）
?1.This cup is broken. (作表语 ?2.This is a broken cup. (作表语） ?3.I found the cup broken. (作宾语补足语） ?4.Broken by Tom, the cup can't be
? 3.I found him gone. =that he had gone.(表完成）
▲B.在语态上， ing 分词表“主动”， ed分词表“被动”
（多为及物动词）
? 1.I saw him writing a short novel.
=that he was writing a short novel.
过去 × × 分词
非谓语动词讲解(超全
非谓语动词讲解(超全非谓语动词是指动词的非谓语形式，包括动词不定式、动名词和现在分词。
与主谓结构不同，非谓语动词可在句子中作状语、定语或表语。
在英语中，非谓语动词的形式是相对固定的，但在不同的语法环境中所表示的意义和用法有所差异。
1. 动词不定式（to-infinitive）动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成，常常用作动词的宾语、主语、状语或定语。
例如：- 宾语：I want to go to the zoo.（我想去动物园。
）- 主语：To speak English fluently is important for your career.（流利地说英语对你的事业很重要。
）- 状语：He went to the store to buy some groceries.（他去商店买了些杂货。
）- 定语：She needs a pen to write her essay.（她需要一支笔来写作文。
）2. 动名词（gerund）动名词是将动词加上-ing构成，常常用作动词的宾语、主语、状语或定语。
例如：- 宾语：I enjoy reading books in my spare time.（我闲暇时喜欢读书。
）- 主语：Swimming is good exercise.（游泳是很好的锻炼。
）- 状语：She left the party early, feeling tired.（她因为感觉累了，所以提前离开了聚会。
）- 定语：The crying baby woke up the whole neighborhood.（哭闹的婴儿把整个邻居都吵醒了。
）3. 现在分词（present participle）现在分词由动词原形加上-ing构成，常常用作动词的宾语、主语、状语或定语。
例如：- 宾语：He enjoys playing soccer on weekends.（他喜欢周末踢足球。
）- 主语：Listening to music helps me relax.（听音乐帮助我放松。
语法填空非谓语动词讲解
语法填空非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词是指在句子中作除谓语外的其他成分，包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。
非谓语动词在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、定语、状语等，并且可以与其他词性搭配使用，增强句子的表达力。
下面以动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式的非谓语动词进行讲解。
1. 动词不定式动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成，常用作动词、名词、形容词和副词的补语。
用作动词补语：例1：I want to eat some fruits.（我想吃一些水果。
）例2：She seems to be very happy now.（她现在似乎很开心。
）用作名词补语：例3：Her goal is to become a doctor.（她的目标是成为一名医生。
）例4：The best way to learn English is to practice every day.（学习英语的最好方式是每天练习。
）2. 动名词动名词由动词的ing形式构成，常用作名词、主语、宾语、定语和状语的成分。
用作名词：例5：Reading is my favorite hobby.（阅读是我最爱的爱好。
）例6：I enjoy swimming in summer.（我喜欢夏天游泳。
）用作主语：例7：Dancing is good for health.（跳舞对健康有好处。
）例8：Running helps you lose weight.（跑步有助于减肥。
）用作宾语：例9：She enjoys painting beautiful landscapes.（她喜欢画美丽的风景。
）例10：I don't mind helping you with your homework.（我不介意帮你做作业。
）3. 分词分词有现在分词和过去分词两种形式，分别表示主动和被动的意义。
用作定语：例11：The boy playing basketball is my brother.（打篮球的男孩是我弟弟。
非谓语动词语法讲解
非谓语动词一、非谓语动词与谓语动词的区别（一）概述：在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词有动词不定式；动名词；现在分词；过去分词。
1．非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有：（1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用，例如：They built a garden.They suggested building a garden.（2）都可以被状语修饰：The suit fits him very well.The suit used to fit him very well.（3）都有主动与被动, “体”式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化。
例如：He was punished by his parents.（谓语动词被动语态）He avoided being punished by his parents.（动名词的被动式）We have written the composition.（谓语动词的完成时）Having written the composition, we handed it in.（现在分词的完成式）（4）都可以有逻辑主语They started the work at once.（谓语动词的逻辑主语）The boss ordered them to start the work.（动词不定式的逻辑主语）We are League members.（谓语动词的主语）We being League member, the work was well done.（现在分词的逻辑主语）2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：（1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
（2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
（3）非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。
非谓语动词语法讲解
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I prefer to stay at home today．(具体某次行为) He prefers walking to cycling．(惯常行为) 一般说来不能用于进行时的动词如：realize，know，understand，see，lose等，多用不定式 如：I began to realize I had been wrong. We hate to lose the chance . Now we are beginning to see it more clearly.
作 定 语
作 状 语
▲C.分词的完成式一般不用来作定语，只能用作状语.
ed as a means of traffic in China,the bike is very useful. Written in simple English, the book is easy to read 2. Being used by me now,the bike can’t be lent to you. 3. Having been used for many years, the bike needs repairing. Having been told several times, 可以写成=Told several times,
▲B.在语态上，ing分词表“主动”，ed分词表“被动”（多为及物动词）
The platform having been built will be used to perform on. × 1.The platform built will be used to perform on. √ The platform which has been built will be used to perform on. √ 2. Having given her opinion about the building, she left the meeting. Having been used for a long time, the computer needs repairing.
非谓语动词的语法详解
非谓语动词的语法总结1. 英语句子呈「树」状辅排，即以主语与谓语动词搭配形成形式主轴，即句子的主干成分。
2. 然后利用各种关联词和介词等把句中的各种短语（介词短语，名词短语），附加成分（同位语，插入语），分词（现在分词分句，独立成分）和从句（定语从句，状语从句，同位语从句）往这根主干上钩搭。
犹如一棵枝叶横生的大树，盘根错节。
任何完整的一个英语句子，无论长短复杂，本质就是一棵树，它有且必有一个主干，即主语+谓语+（宾语）。
英语句子的树形结构说的通俗一点，如果把谓语动词比作老虎，那么英语句子就是【一山不容二虎】，绝对不允许两个（或更多）谓语动词同时存在。
这时候，问题就来了：如果表达的意思比较复杂，涉及到了多个动作（动词），那英语是不是就要用多个完整独立的句子来分别表达了？当然不需要，英语没有这么白痴。
谓语动词是老虎，一山不容二虎。
这时候如果句子中需要出现其它动词，这个动词必须被【降级】，才能和谓语动词同时存在。
通常来讲，有以下几种被降级的方式：降为非谓语动词形态（不定式，现在式，过去式）从句形态从属连词，例如because，although等（注意：这里不包括并列连词and，but和or。
）对应到第一个图，上面1，2，3种办法都让动词变成了树枝的形式，钩搭在【主谓宾】主干上。
比如2，定语从句和状语从句的关系连词（which，that，when，whatever等）都是降级的标志，其后的从句虽然拥有自己的主谓宾结构，但这个谓语已经被关系连词降级了，例如定语从句：The boy who is crying said this.定语从句我们学从句的时候被关系连词搞的晕头转向，不过从树形结构上来看，却很容易理解。
你可以把他们理解为一种降级标记：从句中的谓语动词被降级，以树枝的形式存在，关系连词是将树枝钩搭在主干上的钩子。
这时候如果漏了关系连词who，句子就会有两个谓语动词同时存在（said和is），违反了一个句子有且仅有一个谓语动词的规则，语法上句子就是错的。
MBA英语语法非谓语动词讲解
MBA英语语法非谓语动词讲解一、非谓语动词的概念非谓语动词是指动词不定式、动名词和分词。
它们是动词的非限定形式。
在句子中它们起着一些特殊的作用。
以下简要介绍它们各自的构成、作用及应用。
二、动词不定式不定式是指带to的动词原形(使用中有时不带to),在句中起形容词或副词的作用, 可以作状语和定语。
(一)作定语1. 动词不定式与其修的词之间往往有动宾关系, 如果该不定式是不及物动词, 其后有必要的介词。
He’s pleasant fellow to work with.There’s nothing to worry about.2. 有些名词后常跟不定式作定语。
例如: time, reason, chance, right, ability, willingness, need, anxiety, wish, plan等。
Women should have the right to receive education.There is no time to hesitate.3. the first, the second, the last, the best 等之后用不定式做定语。
The monitor will be the first to come.He was the last man to blame.(二)作状语1. 作目的状语不定式作状语时, 其动作发生在谓语动词之后, 一般置于句子末尾。
但是, 如果表示强调, 亦可置于句首。
其否定形式为: 在不定式符号前加not。
He went to Shanghai to visit his parents.To save the earth, we must prevent the earth from being polluted.I shut the door quietly, so as not to wake the baby.2. 作结果状语We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat and tidy.She left home, never to return again.3. 作原因状语不定式做原因状语时, 一般放在句子末尾。
高中英语非谓语动词语法讲解(共60张PPT)
The platform which has been built will be used
语
to perform on. √
❖ 2. Having given her opinion about the building,
she left the meeting.
作
Having been used for a long time, the computer 状
(3)下列动词接不定式与接~ing形式意义相近：
❖ like，love, hate, dislike, begin, start, prefer， continue, intend，attempt等.
e.g：I prefer making (to make) an outline before I do my oral
Written in simple English, the book is easy to read
❖ 2. Being used by me now,the bike can’t be lent to you.
❖ 3. Having been used for many years, the bike needs repairing.
I prefer to stay at home today．(具体某次行为) He prefers walking to cycling．(惯常行为)
*一般说来不能用于进行时的动词如：realize， know，understand，see，lose等，多用不定式 如：I began to realize I had been wrong.
❖ 2.Japan is a developed country =a country which has developed.
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非谓语动词语法讲解一、非谓语动词的概念动词的基本用法是作谓语。
当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。
非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词：done二、三种形式的含义（基本用法）不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。
三、非谓语动词的时态和语态一般式完成式进行式不定式主动to do to have done to be doing被动to be done to have been doneing 形式主动doing having done被动being done having been done过去分词被动done四、非谓语动词的否定形式在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即not / never to do, not / never doing五、非谓语动词的复合结构不定式的复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth.动词ing 形式的复合结构：宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时，用的所有格＋doing)六、非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。
方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。
方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。
方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。
之前常用done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.学习非谓语形式时，建议把三种形式一起来比较学习，会更加有效一些。
一、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语a. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。
动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。
如：________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walkB. WalkingC. To walkD. Walk(分析) a good form 暗示泛指一般的行为，用动名词作主语，选 Bb. 不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，即用句型：It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth. It’s important for us to learn English well.It’s kind of you to help us.注意：下面几个句型是用动名词：It’s no good / use doing sth.It’s useless doing sth.There is no need to do sth.2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较1、不定式、动名词作表语，.表示主语的内容。
如：My job is teaching / to teach English. (teaching / to teach English 是my job的内容)Knowing who we are means knowing what we like to do.（主表语要用同一种形式）2、分词作表语记住：一些表示情感、情绪的动词，常用分词形式作表语。
现在分词表示主语的性质特征，用过去分词表示主语的状态。
常用动词：surprise (使某人吃惊)，surprising (令人吃惊)，surprised (主语)感到吃惊）类似动词有：excite (激动)，astonish (惊奇)，shock (震惊)，scare (惊恐)，disappoint (失望)，move（感动），如：The movie is exciting. We are excited at the news.3、在seem / appear (似乎，好像)，prove/ turn out (被证明是)，remain (仍然是，尚待)等连系动词后，可用不定式作表语。
如：He seemed (to be ) very happy.非谓语动词练习题精选1.She pretended me when I passed by.A. not to seeB.not seeingC. to not seeD.having not seen2. -Have you decided when ? -Yes, tomorrow morning.A. to leaveB.to be leavingC.will you leaveD.are you leavingst summer I took a course on .A.how to make dressesB.how to be made dressedC.how dresses be madeD.how dresses to be made4.Mr.Smith warned his daughter after drinking.A.to never driveB.never drivingC.never to driveD.never drive5.They knew her very well. They had seen her up from childhood.A.growB.grewC.was growingD.to grow6.John was made the truck for a week as a punishment.A.washingB.to washC.washD.to be washing7. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to .A.sitB.sit onC.be sat D .be sat on8.It is easy these questions.A.answerB.to be answeredC.for answeringD.for her to answer9.____is easier than doing. A.To talk B.Talk C.Talking D.Talks10.Don't forget your lawyer this weekend.A.meetingB.to meetC.having metD.met11.I am afraid I forget you before. A.to meet B.meeting C.meet D.met12.My pen is rather old, but it is all right for me to .A.writeB.write withC.be writtenD.be written with13.He doesn't know to say or not.A.ifB.eitherC.whetherD.if he will14.The doctor advises less and more exercise.A.to eat ; to takeB.eating; to takeC.eating; takingD.to eat ;taking15.-What are you going to do this afternoon? -I'm thinking of to visit my aunt.A.goB.goingC.having goneD.my going16.The deer was lucky that it just missed .A.catchingB.to be caughtC.being caughtD.to catch17.You should keep on English every day.A.to practise to speakB.to practise speakingC.practising to speakD.practising speaking18.The student doesn't mind when he speaks English.A. A.being laughedB.being laughed atC.to be laughedughing at19.The sentence needs .A.improveB.improvingC.improvedD.an improvement20.Have you used a bag? A.sleeping B.sleep C.asleep D.slept21.Little Tom could do nothing but .A.waited B.waiting C.wait D.to wait22.______made her mother angry.A.Helen's married JackB.Helen's marrying JackC.Helen's has married JackD.Helen's marrying with Jack23.The problem is worth .A.discussingB.to discussC.discussedD.to be discussed24.He has never spent a day.A.more worryB.most worryingC.more worryingD.most worry25.Most of the people to the party were famous scientists.A.invitedB.to invitedC.being invitedD.inviting26.The news sounds .A.encouragingB.encouragedC.encourageD.to encourage27.-Good morning.Can I help you? -I'd like to have this package , madam.A.be weighedB.to be weighedC.to weighD.weighed28._______anything about the accident, he went to work as usual.A.Not knownB.Known notC.KnowingD.Not knowing29.__________to the party, Joan was greatly hurt.A.Having not been invitedB.Not having been invitedC.Having not invitedD.Not having invited30._______by a policeman, the children crossed the street safely.A.To leadB.LeadC.LeadingD.Led31.The boy ________a blue jacket is John's brother.A.wearB.woreC.wearingD.wears32._______English is quite different from written English.A.SpokenB.SpeakC.SpokeD.Speaking33.He is from an________country.A.English-spokenB.English-speakingC.speaking-EnglishD.English-speak34.________their lessons, they went to the cinema.A.FinishingB.Had finishedC.FinishedD.Having finished35.______he had won the first prize, he felt very happy.A.KnowB.KnownC.KnowingD.Being known36. 36.As soon as she entered the room, the girl caught sight of the flowers by her mother.A.buyingB.being boughtC.were boughtD.bought37.The old scientist has been invited to a party ______ next Monday evening.A.holdingB.holdC.being heldD.to be held38.The building now will be used as our reading room.A.builtB.to be builtC.being builtD.is built39.I advised at once.A.him to startingB.him to startC.to startingD.to start40.You shouldn't allow games near the classroom, for it's too noisy.A.student playingB.to playC.students to playD.to playing41.The students are kept busy their lessons.A.to reviewB.reviewC.reviewingD.on reviewing42.I knew he didn't listen to me, but I went on to get him in the proposal.A.hoping; interestingB.to hope; interestingC.hoping; interestD.hoping; interested43.We can't get the car .We need someone us.A. A.to go; to helpB.going; to helpC.going; helpingD.gone; helping44.I prefer to watch football.A.to playB.to playingC.rather than playD.than to play45.The day we had looked forward to at last.ingeC.camees46.I hope you'll succeed this task.A.finishesB.to finishC.finishD.in finishing47.He couldn't open the front door, so he tried the back door.A.pushB.to pushC.pushedD.pushing48.I don't want that sort of thingA.keep happenB.keep happeningC.to keep happenD.to keep happening49.My watch wants .It doesn't the right time.A.to repair; tellB.being repaired; sayC.repairing; speakD.repairing; tell50.The doctor advised him to give up ,but he refused so.A.to smoke; doingB.smoking; to doC.to smoke; to doD.smoking; doing51._______very small, computers are widely used.A.BecauseB.AsC.SinceD.Being52._______many times, but he still couldn't understand it .A.Having been toldB.He had been toldC.Though he had been toldD.Having told53.______to the left and you'll see the post office.A.To turnB.TurningC.TurnedD.Turn54.When ,ice changes into water.A.to heatB.heatingC.heatedD.they are heated55.______with his brother, he is not so clever.pareB.To compareparingpared56.Asked if he could come to the party that night, .A.nobody said anythingB.they didn't get an answer from himC.nothing was said by himD.John nodded his head and left the room57.Lessons easily are soon forgotten.A.to learnB.learnC.learnedD.learning58.Among these ships are none to us .A.belongedB.to be belongedC.belongingD.belongs59.-Who were those people with the bananas?-A group itself the League for Peace.A.callingB.callsC.calledD.is called60.The television is a machine.A.newly-inventingB.newly-inventedC.newly-inventD.newly-invention。